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Environmental Science Overview and Practices

This document outlines the curriculum for an Environmental Science course. It covers topics such as natural resources, ecosystems, biodiversity conservation, environmental pollution, environmental protection laws, human population issues, and sustainable development. The course examines how human activities impact the environment and explores potential solutions. It also includes field work, such as documenting local resources, visiting polluted sites, and studying ecosystems, to provide hands-on learning.

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Vikash Sundriyal
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79 views3 pages

Environmental Science Overview and Practices

This document outlines the curriculum for an Environmental Science course. It covers topics such as natural resources, ecosystems, biodiversity conservation, environmental pollution, environmental protection laws, human population issues, and sustainable development. The course examines how human activities impact the environment and explores potential solutions. It also includes field work, such as documenting local resources, visiting polluted sites, and studying ecosystems, to provide hands-on learning.

Uploaded by

Vikash Sundriyal
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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[Link].

AGRICULTURE SEMESTER – VI
Paper – IV (ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE)
Unit – I (BASICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES)

Introduction to Environmental Sciences:


 Definition, scope and importance (the multidisciplinary nature of environmental sciences)
 Need for public awareness on Environment, Role of individual in Environmental protection

Natural Resources (Renewable and Non-renewable Resources):


 Natural Resource conservation: concepts
 Freshwater resources: use and over-exploitation of surface and ground water, conflict over
water, hydroelectric projects, problems, traditional methods of harvesting of freshwater
resources.
 Mineral resources: use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting mineral
resources, Lime stone quarrying in Uttaranchal
 Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effect
of modern agriculture, fertilizer operated problem, water logging, salinity.
 Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non-renewable energy sources, use
of alternate energy sources.
 Land resources: Land as a resources, land degradation, landslides, soil crosion and
desertification.

Ecosystems:
 Concept, structure, and components of an ecosystem.
 Abiotic and biotic variables.
 Ecosystem function, trophic levels, energy flow, food chain, food web, Ecosystem,
homeostasis.
 Examples of ecosystems (aquatic: pond, lake, river)
 Terrestrial ecosystem: Forest, mountain
 Ecological succession.
Biodiversity and its conservation:
 Introduction:- Definition, genetic, species and ecosystem diversity.
 Bio-geographical classification of India
 Values of biodiversity: 5 Es (Esthetic (Aesthetic), Economic, Environment, Ethical,
Emotional.
 Biodiversity at global, national and local levels.
 India as a mega diversity nation, hot spots of biodiversity.
 Himalayan wildlife: Habital losspoaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts, and
conservation.
 Threatened categories as per IUCN.
 Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.

Unit – II (APPLIED ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE)

Environmental Pollution:
 Definition, causes, effects and measures of Air pollution.
 Water pollution and thermal pollution.
 Marine pollution.
 Noise and radioactive pollution.
 Solid waste and their management (municipal, industrial (hazardous and non-hazardous),
problems of solid waste disposal in Uttaranchal and integrated Solid Waste Management
(ISWM).
 Environmental hazards in Himalayas (floods, river, blockades, cloud burst, landslides,
earthquakes).

Environmental problems and Environmental Protection:


 Anthropogenic and natural environmental problems.
 Environmental ethics; issues and possible solutions.
 Climate change, global warning: causes, effects and mitigation (national and international
efforts)
 Ozone layer depletion: causes, effects and mitigation. (national and international)
 Environmental Protection Act 1986
 Air (Prevention and Control of pollution) Act, Water (Prevention and control of Pollution)
Act.
 Wildlife Protection Act 1972
 Forest Conservation Act 1980
 The Biological Diversity Act 2002
 Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation, public awareness, Article 48A
and 51A
 Automobile Emission standards (Eco/Bharat), Ecomark

Human Population and the Environment:


 Population growth, variation among nations, population explosion Family Welfare
Programme.
 Environment and human health.
 Role of Information Technology in environment and human health.
Sustainable Development:
 Definition, concepts and currencies
 Sustainable development of agro-ecosystem (organic farming)
 Sericulture, floriculture, bee keeping
 Sustainable development of hydroenergy in Uttaranchal
 Traditional Ecological knowledge (TEK)

Field Work/Practicals
 Documentation of natural resources of local area (river, forest, lake, pond, mountain,
grassland)
 Visit to local polluted sites-urban/rural/industrial/agricultural
 Study of Common plants, birds and mammals
 Study of simple ecosystem (pond, river, lake, hill slopes, etc.)
 Visit to sanctuaries, national parks and biosphere reserves.

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