GENERAL PHYSICS I

PHYSICS SI Length Unit: Meter

 Branch of science that involves the study of  French Revolution Definition, 1792
the physical world
 Study of matter & energy & their  1 Meter = XY/10,000,000
relationships
a) Mechanics
 Motion and its causes
 Interaction between objects
b) Thermodynamics
 Heat and temperature
c) Vibrations & Wave phenomenon
 Repetitive motions
d) Optics
 light
e) Electromagnetism
 Electricity, magnetism,
f) Relativity
 Particle moving at any speed including  1 Meter = about 3.28 ft
very high speeds
 1 km = 1000 m, 1 cm = 1/100 m, 1 mm =
Classical mechanics - concerns the motion of 1/1000 m
objects that are large relative to atoms and
move at speeds much slower than the  Current Definition of 1 Meter: the distance
speed of light traveled by light in vacuum during a time of
Measurements – number + unit 1/299,792,458 second.
-comparison with a standard
Unit – unique name we assign SI Time Unit: Second
*1971 – 14th General Conference  1 Second is defined in terms of an “atomic
Système Internationale (SI) unit as, clock”– time taken for 9,192,631,770
- metric system (7 units) oscillations of the light emitted by a 133Cs
Choose three basic quantities (DIMENSIONS): atom.

 LENGTH  Defining units precisely is a science

 MASS (important, for example, for GPS):
 TIME o This clock will neither gain nor lose a
second in 20 million years.

SI Mass Unit: Kilogram

 1 Kilogram – the mass of a specific

platinum-iridium alloy kept at International
Bureau of Weights and Measures near Paris.

 Copies are kept in many other countries.

 Yao Ming is 141 kg, equivalent to weight of

141 pieces of the alloy cylinder.

 Derived quantities: area, speed, volume,

density ……
Metric Prefix Table
 Area = Length Length
Prefix Symbol Exponential SI unit for area = m2
yotta Y 10^24
 Volume = Length Length Length
zetta Z 10^21 SI unit for volume = m3
exa E 10^18
peta P 10^15  Speed = Length / time SI
tera T 10^12 unit for speed = m/s
giga G 10^9
 Density = Mass / Volume
mega M 10^6
SI unit for density = kg/m3
kilo k 10^3
hecto h 10^2 Other Unit Systems
deca Da 10^1
1  U.S. customary system: foot, slug, second
deci d 10^-1  Cgs system: cm, gram, second
centi c 10^-2
milli m 10^-3  We will use SI units in this course, but it is
micro µ 10^-6 useful to know conversions between
nano n 10^-9 systems.
pico p 10^-12 o 1 mile = 1609 m = 1.609 km 1 ft =
femto f 10^-15 0.3048 m = 30.48 cm
atto a 10^-18
zepto z 10^-21 o 1 m = 39.37 in. = 3.281 ft 1 in. =
yocto y 10^-24 0.0254 m = 2.54 cm
 o 1 lb = 0.465 kg 1 oz = 28.35 g 1 slug
= 14.59 kg

o 1 day = 24 hours = 24 * 60 minutes =

24 * 60 * 60 seconds

*Always straight line

*Always equal to -9.8 m/s2

Motion w/ Uniform Acceleration

Equations Missing quantities
Scientific Notation – employs power of 10 (use when
greater than 1000)

Motion – change of position with respect to time

Types of motion:

 Translational – straight line

 Rotational – circular path
 Vibrational – back & forth in periodicity

Scalars and Vectors:

 A scalar quantity is one that can be

described by a single number (including any
units) giving its size or magnitude.

 Examples: Time, volume, mass, speed, Motion in 2 or more Dimensions

distance, temperature, density, etc. 
-Position: r (t )  xiˆ  yˆj  zkˆ m
 A quantity that deals with both magnitude 
and direction is called a vector quantity.
-Velocity: v (t )  vxiˆ  v y ˆj  vz kˆ m/s

 Examples: Force, weight, velocity,
-Acceleration: a (t )  axiˆ  a y ˆj  az kˆ m/s2
displacement, acceleration, etc. Displacement in two dimension:

r  ( x2iˆ  y2 ˆj )  ( x1iˆ  y1 ˆj )
Displacement – change of position w/ respect to
the origin  ( x2  x1 )iˆ  ( y2  y1 ) ˆj
 xiˆ  yˆj
Speed – how fast an object is moving regardless the
direction (m/s) **KAPAG NAKA UNIT-VECTOR FORM DAPAT
MAY i^ (x-component) TSAKA j^ (y-
Velocity (m/s) - rate of change of position. component).
- vector quantity (magnitude + Average velocity: (Final Velocity + Initial
direct ion) Velocity) / TIME
Average velocity: Average speed: 
x x f  xi  r
vavg 
total distance
vavg   savg 
t
t t
t
Instantaneous velocity:
 x ˆ y ˆ
x dx vavg  i j  vavg , x iˆ  vavg , y ˆj
v  lim
t  0 t
 t t
dt
Instantaneous velocity:
Graphs:
FIRST DERIVATIVE NG FORMULA DON SA
DISPLACEMENT!!
  
  r dr FREE BODY DIAGRAM
v  lim vavg  lim  - laging may Fg
t 0 t 0 t dt
 - tas pag tali, Tension
 dr dx ˆ dy ˆ
v  i j  v x iˆ  v y ˆj - pag parehas ng tali, parehas ng tension tsaka
ng label.
dt dt dt
-wag lalagyan ng friction kapag walang sinabi
Average acceleration:
- Fk kapag gumagalaw tapos Fs kapag hindi,,,,,,
(Vf – Vi )/ time:

 v v y T_1 = T-2 = T
aavg  x iˆ  ˆj  aavg , xiˆ  aavg , y ˆj
t t
Instantaneous acceleration:
SECOND DERIVATIVE NG DISPLACEMENT
FORMULA (IDI-DIFFERENTIATE ULIT UNG SA
INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY)
  NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION:
  v dv
a  lim aavg  lim  I. If no net force acts on a body, then the
t 0 t 0 t dt body’s velocity cannot change.
 II. The net force on a body is equal to the
 dv dvx ˆ dv y ˆ
a  i j  a xiˆ  a y ˆj product of the body’s mass and
acceleration.
dt dt dt
III. When two bodies interact, the force on
PROJECTILE MOTION the bodies from each other are always
Horizontal Component: equal in magnitude and opposite in
direction.

vx  v0 x FORCES
,V0x = V0cosθ  The measure of interaction between
two objects

x  x0  v0 xt  Vector quantity: has magnitude and

direction
Vertical Component:  May be a contact force or a field force

v y  v0 y  gt
PARTICULAR FORCES:
 Gravitational Forces
,V0y = V0sinθ  Friction Forces
 Tension Forces

y  y0  v0 yt  12 gt 2 

Normal Forces
Spring Forces
Gravitational Force: mg
*** V0x is always constant. mM
*** V0y changes continuously since g = -9.8 m/s2  Gravitational force is a Fg  G 2
R
vector
 The magnitude of the gravitational
force acting on an object of mass m
near the Earth’s surface is called the
weight w of the object
 w = mg
 Direction: vertically downward

Normal Force: N or FN
 Force from a solid surface which keeps
object from falling through
 Direction: always perpendicular to the
surface
 Magnitude: not necessary to be equal
to mg
 Examples:

N  Fg  ma y N  mg  ma y
N  mg

Tension Force: T
 A taut rope exerts forces on whatever
holds its ends
 Direction: always along the cord (rope,
cable, string ……) and away from the
object
 Magnitude: depend on situation


Forces of friction: F, Fk, or Fs

 When an object is in motion on a
surface or through a viscous medium,
there will be a resistance to the motion.
This resistance is called the force of
friction
 This is due to the interactions between
the object and its environment
 We will be concerned with two types of
frictional force
o Force of static friction: fs = µsFN
o Force of kinetic friction: fk = µkFN
 Direction: opposite the direction of the
intended motion
o If moving: in direction opposite
the velocity
o If stationary, in direction of the
vector sum of other forces

NIEWTON’S 3RD LAW OF MOTION

-FOR EVERY ACTION, THERE IS AN EQUAL AND
OPPOSITE REACTION.
-HINDI NAGKA-CANCEL ANG PAIRED FORCES
KAHIT OPPOSITE DIRECTION KASI HINDI NAMAN
SAME OBJECT UNG NAGRE-RECEIVE NG
FORCE!!!!!!!

EXAMPLE:
-PAG MAY BOX SA TAAS NG TABLE TAS HINDI
GUMAGALAW KASI DIBA MAY:
- NORMAL FORCE = Force acted by the table to
the book so FTB tapos
- FORCE DUE TO GRAVITY = Force acted by the
earth to the book so FEB kaya nagka-cancel
kasi parehas ung pangalawang object.

KATULAD UNG SA PICTURE^^^^^^^

PERO PAG PAIRED FORCES HINDI
NAGKACANCEL KASI MAGKAIBA UNG NAGRE-
RECEIVE NG FORCE,,,
EXAMPLE:
PAG NAGLALAKAD,
 FORCE ACTED BY THE FOOT ON THE
GROUND SO FFG
 TAPOS FORCE ACTED BY THE FROUND ON
THE FOOR SO FGF
!!!! HINDI PAREHAS UNG TUMATANGGAP NG
FORCES GANERN,,,,s