Effectiveness of Musa acuminata (Banana) Peel with

Citrus limon (Lemon) as Soap

A Research Paper
Presented to Science Department of
Talangan Integrated National High School
Nagcarlan, Laguna

ANDREI GALANTA RONCAL

ARRON ASENDIDO COMENDADOR
ANNA ROSE ACERO BALMERA
MARIDEL ARBIZ BANDA
JAKE LOUIE MORGA ARCE
SHANICE OLIVARIA CARILLO
 Chapter I

PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Many people nowadays have skin problem, because of different

pollution in their surroundings. The most skin problems where dry skin. Dry

skin can affect your appearance and career. Dry skin can also be a cause

of depression and other problems because of their environment.

The researcher want to help people with dry skin and cannot buy

expensive soap that can inhibit dry skin. Find a waste product that have

enough vitamins and minerals that can be lessen the dryness of skin. As a

solution, the researcher decided to utilize banana (Musa acuminata) peel

and lemon (Citrus limon) extract as the main soap components

Musa acuminata peel, also called banana skin is the outer covering

area of the banana fruit. Banana peel was eaten in many parts of the world

and it's edible and packed with nutrients. It contains high amount of Vitamin

B6, Vitamin B12, and Vitamin A, as well as magnesium and potassium.

Banana peels can be used to combat wrinkles and ageing skin. They help

tighten and hydrate your skin, as well as remove contaminant which

contribute to skin ageing while lemon are rich in Vitamin C citric acid, so

they can help brighten and lighten your skin and it can also kill many forms

of bacteria that are known to cause acne.

 The purpose of this study is to help the people that have dry skin and

cannot buy expensive soap that can heal their dry skin and make a soap

that is environmental friendly.

Background of the Study

Many people nowadays have dry skin because of too much

exposure to dirts and germs located to their surroundings. To address their

problem, the researchers think of a substance that can cleanse and soften

their skin such as soap. The researchers also think a waste product which

have vitamins and minerals that can soften their skin, available everywhere

and environmental friendly. The researchers decided to use banana peel

as the main soap component since banana peel is packed with nutrients

that can inhibit dry skins such as Vitamin A, B6, B12 and potassium. To add

fragrance to the soap, the researchers decided to utilize lemon (Citrus

limon) extract that also have vitamins and minerals that can soften your skin

to the banana(Musa acuminata) peel soap.

Conceptual Framework

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

[Link] of Banana Peel

[Link] as soap in
with Lemon Extract at
terms of:
Different Concentrations:
 Odor
 Color
 50% Banana Peel
 Texture
50% Lemon Extract
[Link] level of acceptability
 75% Banana Peel
III. Effectiveness of the
25% Lemon Extract
Banana Peel with Lemon
 75% Lemon Extract
Extract as Soap.
25% Banana Peel

Figure 1. Research Paradigm

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study will identify the effectiveness of Banana (Musa

acuminate) peel with Lemon (Citrus limon) Extract as Soap.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following question:

1. Assess the physical properties such as color, odor, and texture of Banana

(Musa acuminata) Peel with Lemon (Citrus limon) Extract as Soap with

different concentration such as:

1.1 50% Banana peel with 50% Lemon Extract;

1.2 75% Banana Peel with 25% Lemon Extract; and

1.3 75% Lemon Extract with 25% Banana Peel.

2. What is the mean level of acceptability of Banana Peel with Lemon

Extract as Soap?

3. Is there a significant effect on the difference ratings given by the

respondents to the different physical appearance of Banana (Musa

acuminata) Peel with Lemon (Citrus limon) Extract as Soap?

4. Is there a significant difference on the different physical appearance in the

effectiveness of Banana (Musa acuminata) peel with Lemon (Citrus limom extract
as Soap?
HYPOTHESIS

There is no significant difference on the different physical

appearance in the effectiveness of Banana (Musa acuminata) Peel with

Lemon (Citrus limon) Extract as Soap.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study formulated to determine the effectiveness of Musa

acuminata peel and Citrus limon extract as soap. It will benefit the following

group of persons:

People: It can help to soften their skin.

Students: The results and findings of this study will be a great help for the

future researchers as they gain new knowledge about the use and benefits

of banana peel and lemon.

Teachers: This study will also beneficial to the teachers because they

boost another information regarding banana peel and lemon extract as soap

so they can teach to their students especially the co-research advisers.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study conducted at Talangan Integrated National High

School from June 6, 2018 to September 2019. It aimed to identify the

effectiveness of banana peel and lemon extract as soap as skin softener.

The formulation of the appropriate proportion of the materials that used for

the product is also considered. The concentration would be highly accepted

 in physical appearance tested by the related respondents. Under the

limitation of the study, it is not yet tested by the expert but evaluated by 30

respondents: 20 students and 10 teachers.

Definition of Terms

Antioxidants. In skin care products can do a lot for the health and

appearance of your skin, reducing the signs of aging skin.

Banana Peel. Also called banana skin is the outer covering area of the

banana fruit and use as one of the major component of the soap

Citrus limon. It is the scientific name of lemon it is use as one of the major

component of the soap.

Concentration. Percent concentration represents the amount of a

molecules present in relation to the total number of other molecules.

Magnesium. Ultimately helping to clear your skin acne.

Musa acuminata. It is the scientific name of banana.

Potassium. It can enhance and feel the moisture of your skin.

Wrinkles. A slight line or fold in something, especially the

skin of the face.

 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Lemons are rich in vitamin C and citric acid, so they can help brighten

and lighten your skin when used over time. Vitamin C is a great antioxidant

for neutralizing free radicals and boosting collagen production. (Retrieved

from [Link]

lemons/)

Lemons are a wonderful source of calcium, vitamin C, magnesium

and potassium; all of which help improve the appearance and condition of

our skin. Lemons provide a dose of the free radical fighting antioxidant

vitamin C, which helps keep skin even-toned. Lemon can be used as a skin

astringent as it helps motivate your pores to close and your face to tighten

resulting in smoother skin.

Apart from free radicals, lemon water keeps the skin clear and

radiant. Vitamin C of lemon plays a key role in rejuvenating the facial skin

internally so that you do not ever develop age spots and can stay young

forever.

Lemon juice contains a number of beneficial nutrients, which helps

to improve the health of the skin and body. It can be used externally for

many skin care products. Lemon is fantastic for the skin. The natural acids

of lemon gently remove dead skin cells and lighten age spots, unwanted

freckles and clears facial discolorations. The acidity content absorbs the
oiliness and cleans the pores without stripping the skin of its natural oil

balance.

Olive oil contains three major antioxidants: vitamin E, polyphenols,

and phytosterols. Antioxidants, when topically applied, may help protect the

skin from premature skin aging. Vitamin E partly accounts for the anti-aging

benefits of olive oil because it helps restore skin smoothness and protects

against ultraviolet light. Hydroxytyrosol, a rather rare compound found in

olive oil, also prevents free radical damage to the skin.

Red palm oil benefit than a negative feature as palm oil hydrates the

skin and supplies it with essential fatty acids and necessary nutrients. As

well this oil has the fatting agent which helps to restore the natural skin oil

and thus keep it moisturized. Red palm oil is also effective as a cleansing

product, freeing the skin from dirt and excess oil.

Palm oil contains the hard to find toctrienols, which are members of

the vitamin E family. The common form of vitamin E, tocopherol, has long

been used to treat many skin ailments and is found in many anti-aging

products. Vitamin E is a strong antioxidant that helps the skin to fight free

radicals that damage the skin and cause fine lines and wrinkles.

Banana peel can be used to treat acne, blemishes and skin irritation

as well. The potassium and anti-oxidants found in it prevent your skin from

aging.

Banana is a great exfoliator which helps slough off excess sebum on

skin surface. It also contains moisture, potassium, and vitamins E and C,

which all promote clear glowing skin

 Bananas are among the most widely consumed fruits on the planet

and according to the U.S Department of Agriculture. American’s favourite

fresh fruit. The curvy yellow fruit are high in “potassium and pectin, a form

of fibre”, said Laura Flores, a San Diego based nutritionist. They can also

be a good way to get magnesium and vitamins C and B. Bananas are high

in antioxidants which provide protection from free radicals, which we come

into contact with every day, from the sunlight to the lotion put on your skin.

As cited by Smith (1829) a native of the East Indies or Malay

Archipelago, the banana was introduced early into the tropical regions

surrounding the Caribbean Sea. The fruit now is grown large quantities in

Central America, some portions of South America, and the West Indies.

According to Hollyman (2004) the banana family consists of large

plants that flourish in most area throughout the tropics. The edible fruit is

rich in carbohydrates and is a source of vitamin A and C and the mineral

potassium and phosphorus.

Generally the only part of the banana plant that is used the fruit,

while the leaves and stalks are thrown away. But some kind of banana

plants produce a useful fibre. People use the leaves of certain kinds of roof

houses or to make mats, bags, and baskets (Popenoe, 1968).

` FAO (1988) estimated 5,879,000 metric tons of banana peels and

17,397,000 metric tons of plantain peels in generation of ethanol, alkali, for

soap production and other medicinal use (I. Oluremi, Olabanji, 2012).
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books

Hollyman T (2004) Grolier Encyclopaedia of Knowledge, International

Edition, Grolier Incorporated Pp. 366

Popenoe, Wilson (1968) The Worlds Book Encyclopedia,Field Enterprises

Educational Corporation, Pp. 53-54

Smith, J.J (1829) Encyclopedia Americana, Grolier Incorporated, Volume 3

Pp. [Link], Norwood, C (Volume 2) The New book of Knowledge

Pp. 36-38

Internet Researches

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