Engineering Materials
Course Objective...
Introduce fundamental concepts in MSE
You will learn about:
• material structure
• how structure dictates properties
• how processing can change structure
This course will help you to:
• use materials properly
• realize new design opportunities
with materials
Chapter 1- a
Early History
Chapter 1-
Chapter 1-
Coca-cola Bottles
Metals Plastics Ceramics
Chapter 1-
Metals Ceramics
Plastics Composites
Chapter 1-
sifat
struktur proses
Material keramik Alumina (Al2O3) yang
mengalami proses yang berbeda
Chapter 1-
Structure
Chapter 1-
Structure
Chapter 1-
Properties
Mechanical strength, ductile, etc
Electrical electrical conductivity, etc
Magnetic magnetic field, etc
Thermal thermal coductivity, etc
Optic refractory idex, etc
Deteriorative Chapter 1-
Properties
Chapter 1-
Processing
Chapter 1-
Structure, Processing, & Properties
• Properties depend on structure
ex: hardness vs structure of steel
(d)
600
Hardness (BHN)
30m
500 (c)
Data obtained from Figs. 10.21(a)
400 (b) and 10.23 with 4wt%C composition,
(a) and from Fig. 11.13 and associated
4m discussion, Callister 6e.
300 Micrographs adapted from (a) Fig.
10.10; (b) Fig. 9.27;(c) Fig. 10.24;
30m
and (d) Fig. 10.12, Callister 6e.
200 30m
100
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Cooling Rate (C/s)
• Processing can change structure
ex: structure vs cooling rate of steel
Chapter 1- 2
The Materials Selection Process
1. Pick Application Determine required Properties
Properties: mechanical, electrical, thermal,
magnetic, optical, deteriorative.
2. Properties Identify candidate Material(s)
Material: structure, composition.
3. Material Identify required Processing
Processing: changes structure and overall shape
ex: casting, sintering, vapor deposition, doping
forming, joining, annealing.
Chapter 1- 3
ELECTRICAL
• Electrical Resistivity of Copper:
Adapted from Fig. 18.8, Callister 6e.
(Fig. 18.8 adapted from: J.O. Linde,
Ann Physik 5, 219 (1932); and
C.A. Wert and R.M. Thomson,
Physics of Solids, 2nd edition,
McGraw-Hill Company, New York,
1970.)
• Adding “impurity” atoms to Cu increases resistivity.
• Deforming Cu increases resistivity.
Chapter 1- 4
THERMAL
• Space Shuttle Tiles: • Thermal Conductivity
--Silica fiber insulation of Copper:
offers low heat conduction. --It decreases when
Fig. 19.0, Callister 6e. you add zinc!
(Courtesy of Lockheed
Missiles and Space
Company, Inc.)
Adapted from Adapted from Fig. 19.4, Callister 6e.
Fig. 19.4W, Callister (Fig. 19.4 is adapted from Metals Handbook:
6e. (Courtesy of Properties and Selection: Nonferrous alloys
Lockheed Aerospace and Pure Metals, Vol. 2, 9th ed., H. Baker,
Ceramics Systems, (Managing Editor), American Society for
Sunnyvale, CA) Metals, 1979, p. 315.)
(Note: "W" denotes
fig. is on CD-ROM.) Chapter 1- 5
MAGNETIC
• Magnetic Storage: • Magnetic Permeability
--Recording medium vs. Composition:
is magnetized by --Adding 3 atomic % Si
recording head. makes Fe a better
recording medium!
Adapted from C.R. Barrett, W.D. Nix, and
Fig. 20.18, Callister 6e. A.S. Tetelman, The Principles of
(Fig. 20.18 is from J.U. Lemke, MRS Bulletin, Engineering Materials, Fig. 1-7(a), p. 9,
Vol. XV, No. 3, p. 31, 1990.) 1973. Electronically reproduced
by permission of Pearson Education, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
Chapter 1- 6
OPTICAL
• Transmittance:
--Aluminum oxide may be transparent, translucent, or
opaque depending on the material structure.
polycrystal: polycrystal:
single crystal low porosity high porosity
Adapted from Fig. 1.2,
Callister 6e.
(Specimen preparation,
P.A. Lessing; photo by J.
Telford.)
Chapter 1- 7
DETERIORATIVE
• Stress & Saltwater... • Heat treatment: slows
--causes cracks! crack speed in salt water!
Adapted from Fig. 11.20(b), R.W. Hertzberg, "Deformation and
Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials" (4th ed.), p. 505,
Adapted from Fig. 17.0, Callister 6e. John Wiley and Sons, 1996. (Original source: Markus O.
(Fig. 17.0 is from Marine Corrosion, Causes, Speidel, Brown Boveri Co.)
and Prevention, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.,
4m
1975.)
--material:
7150-T651 Al "alloy"
(Zn,Cu,Mg,Zr)
Adapted from Fig. 11.24,
Callister 6e. (Fig. 11.24 provided courtesy of G.H.
Narayanan and A.G. Miller, Boeing Commercial
Airplane Company.) Chapter 1- 8
SUMMARY
Course Goals:
• Use the right material for the job.
• Understand the relation between properties,
structure, and processing.
• Recognize new design opportunities offered
by materials selection.
Chapter 1- 9
COURSE MATERIAL
Required text:
Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction
W.D. Callister, Jr., 7th edition,
John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (2003)
Chapter 1- f
Masa jenis berbagai material (p.6)
Chapter 1-
Modulus Young berbagai material (p.6)
Chapter 1-
Kekuatan tarik berbagai material (p.7)
Chapter 1-
Ketangguhan retak berbagai material (p.7)
Chapter 1-
Konduktivitas listrik berbagai material (p.8)
Chapter 1-