ENVIRONMENT STUDIES
-12:00 PM, 5 February 2019
National park-
● A park in use for conservation purposes
● activities like developmental, forestry, poaching, hunting and grazing on cultivation are not
permitted.
● Its land is owned by the government(100%), no private ownership rights allowed.
● Hemis National Park- largest national park in india at Highest altitude(J&K)
● IUCN Category 2.
● 166 total
● Jim Corbett TR- 1st national Park(Hailey NP) uttarkhand
Wildlife Sanctuary-
● A sanctuary is a protected area which is reserved for the conservation of only animal
● Human activities like harvesting of timber, collecting minor forest products and private ownership
rights are allowed as long as they do not interfere with well-being of animals.(little farming.)
● IUCN Category 4
● 545 total
Biosphere Reserve-
● Areas of terrestrial and coastal ecosystems
● 18 Total
● Three interrelated zones
○ core area(s) comprises a strictly protected ecosystem
○ buffer zone surrounds or adjoins the core areas
○ transition area is the part of the reserve where the greatest activity is allowed
Tiger Reserved-
● Hope of increasing tiger population
● 2226 latest census.
● 50 total (Kamlang TR 50th, Orang TR 49th
Wet land
● Place where water is excessive and less Oxygen available e.g. Sundarban. Daldal area. E.g.
Ramsar (Iran city where this convention start)
● last time convention oct 2018 UAE
● 2200 india wetland.
● 26 total
● 2200 total in world
Hotspot
● Norman Mayour 1988 word introduced.
● Place where unique type of plants or species available.
● Eastern Himalayas, Western Ghats, Indoverma region, Sunda land(malaysia thailand),Nicobar
island(great nicobar)
● 4 total
QUESTION: (IMP)
1) Which of the following is related to an agenda 21?
- Earth Summit 1992 Rio Conference
2) World forest day is celebrated -
-World Ozone Day: September 16
World's Scenery Day: February 2
World’s Forest Day: March 21
World Water Day: March 22
International Earth Day: April 22
World Turtle Protection Day: May 23
World Environment Day: June 5
World Hydrography Day: June 21
Sunderban Day: August 21 (sundarban Delta- ganga and Brahmaputra, WB,)
3.)How many percentages of CO2 and argon are found in the atmosphere?
-0.03% and 0.93% Co2 and Argon(one of the 18th group available in Air) Respectively
-Curst most oxygen
-Core maximum iron
Oceanmax oxygen
-AtmosphereNitrogen
-Universe max Hydrogen
-Human Body Hydrogen
Most abundant Element in the universe
Hydrogen Helium Oxygen Neon Nitrogen
Carbon Silicon Magnesium Iron Sulphur
ighest and where is lowest -
4) In which Indian state is the thickness of the ozone layer is h
-Srinagar - Trivandrum
-Ozone measure in dobson
5.)Which gas emitted from supersonic jets, dilutes the ozone layer?
-Nitrogen Oxide
-(CFC, Sulphur Dioxide,Nitrogen Dioxide most effect to Ozone.)
6.)The highest carbon dioxide emitting country is
-China because Most developing country- extreme phase large CO2 emission, RUS and US no
more CO2 emission.
7) According to the WHO list released on May 2, 2018, is the world's most polluted city?
-Delhi -554 PPM(parts per million) toxic zone
8) What percentage of the amount of sulphur in the green diesel is found?
-0.001% sulphur
Most abundant Element in the universe
Hydrogen Helium Oxygen Neon Nitrogen
Carbon Silicon Magnesium Iron Sulphur
Summits & Conference of Environment (CBT1 -Questions Fix)
-12:00 PM, 6 February 2019
● The UN Stockholm Conference(pollutant) on Sweden from June 5–16 in 1972.
● Earth Summit 1992 (Rio 20) ( 3 June 1992 – 14 June 1992)
● Earth Summit 2 1997 (Rio+5) (Co2) [IMP*]
● World Summit Sustainable Development 2002, Johannesburg,SA.
United nations Framework climate change conferences (UNFCCC)
1 COP 1- Berlin, Germany, 1995
2 COP 2- Geneva, Switzerland, 1996 [IPCC adopt,]*
3 COP 3- Kyoto, Japan, 1997 [kyoto protocol introduced-Co2,Nox,So2 emission]*
4 COP 4- Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1998
5 COP 5- Bonn, Germany, 1999
6 COP 6 - Hague, Netherlands, 2000 [controversy issue J.W. Bush Disagreement so 2x ]*
7 COP 6 - Bonn, Germany, 2001 *
8 COP 7- Marrakech, Morocco, 2001
9 COP 8- New Delhi, India, 2002 *
10 COP 9- Milan, Italy, 2003
11 COP 10- Buenos Aires, Argentina, 2004
12 COP 11, /CMP 1, Montreal, Canada, 2005 [kyoto protocol implement(effective)]
13 COP 12- /CMP 2, Nairobi, Kenya, 2006
14 COP 13- /CMP 3, Bali, Indonesia, 2007
15 COP 14- /CMP 4, Poznań, Poland, 2008:
16 COP 15 /CMP 5, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2009
17 COP 16 /CMP 6, Cancún, Mexico, 2010
18 COP 17- /CMP 7, Durban, South Africa, 2011
19 COP 18- /CMP 8, Doha, Qatar, 2012
20 COP 19- /CMP 9, Warsaw, Poland, 2013
21 COP 20- /CMP 10, Lima, Peru, 2014
22 COP 21- /CMP 11, Paris, France, 2015 [Global Temp. not more increase than 2°C]
23 COP 22/CMP 12/CMA 1-1, Marrakech, Morocco, 2016
24 COP 23-/CMP 13/CMA 1-2, Bonn, Germany, 2017
25 COP 24- /CMP 14/CMA 1-3, Katowice, Poland, 2018:
26 COP 25-/CMP 15/CMA 2, 2019 [were going to brazil but now canceled]
26 COP 21- /CMP 11, Paris, France, 2015
27 COP 22/CMP 12/CMA 1-1, Marrakech, Morocco, 2016
28 COP 23-/CMP 13/CMA 1-2, Bonn, Germany, 2017
29 COP 24- /CMP 14/CMA 1-3, Katowice, Poland, 2018:
26 COP 25-/CMP 15/CMA 2, 2019
Convention of biodiversity (Biological diversity)
COP 1- Nassau, Bahamas, 1994**
COP 2 - Jakarta, Indonesia, 1995
COP 3 - Buenos Aires,Argentina, 1996
COP 4 - Bratislava, Slovakia, 1998
EXCOP1 -Cartagena, Colombia, 1999
COP 5- Nairobi Kenya,2000
COP 6- The Hague, Netherlands,2002
COP 7- Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,2004
COP 8- Curitiba, Brazil, 2006
COP 9- Bonn, Germany, 2008
COP 10- Nagoya, Japan, 2010
COP 11- Hyderabad, India, 2012**
COP 12- Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea, 2014
Cop 13- Cancun Maxico, 2016
Cop 14 – Sharm EI. Sheikh. Egypt, 2018**
PART 2
1.) First Indian who received Clark [Link] award? - Ritesh sirothia
3) In which year Montreal protocol came in force- 26 Aug 1989, signed in 1987.
-kyoto protocol- Co2 Emission came-1997 effected 2005.
4) Nokrek biosphere reserve is located in which state?- Meghalaya(west garo hill located)
5) National Green tribunal act was passed in which year -2010.
6) Latest (26th) ramsar sites of india is ?- Nalsarovar bird sanctuary
7) Kyoto protocol was signed in 1997 but effected on ..........? - 2005
8) Who is the head of ministry of Environment ,forest and climate change ?-Dr. Harshvardhan
9) When was first National Forest Policy(1884) launched in India after Independent ?-1952 last
1988 Revised.
10) Which state has maximum increases in forest area according to the
indian forest report (12feb 2018)- Andhra Pradesh
-maximum forest cover state in india - M.P.
11) World wildlife fund was founded in-1961 april 29.
12) Which agency published the Red Data Book?- IUCN
-IUCN- International Union for Conservation of Nature
13.)National Environment Engineering Research Institute is located in which city ?-Nagpur
-Forest Research Institute- Dehradun. And NEERI- Nagpur
14) World largest tropical wetland area "Pantanal " is located in which continent?-South America
(Bolivia,Brazil and Paraguay connects)
15) Asia's first Dolphin Research center will be set in which city of india ?- PATANA
-announce on Dolphin Day 5 october
-Indian Dolphin scientific Name -Platanista Gangetica**
16) What is the Rank of india in Environment performance index 2018 ?- 177 (77 in ease of doing
Business)
17) World tourism day is celebrated on which date?- 27 September
18) Which ISO certificate is related to environmental management?-ISO:14001
19) Which of the following is not correctly matched
a) Biological diversity act. 2002
b) Environment protection act 1989
c) Air pollution control act 1981
d) Water pollution and control act 1976 1974
20) Which one is the largest Biosphere reserve in India?-Gulf of Mannar- Tamil nadu.
Feb 8, 2019
IMPORTANT SCIENTIFIC TERMINOLOGIES:
1. Atmosphere: The gaseous envelope surrounding the earth.
2. Anthropogenic: It is related to the study of the origin and
development of human beings.
3. Afforestation: Planting of trees in an area to provide a forest
cover.
4. Antibiotics: It is a chemical substance derivable from a mould
or bacterium that can k ill microorganisms and cure bacterial
infections.
5. Acid Rain: Rain water containing mixtures of acids (nitric,
hydrochloric and sulfuric acid) from polluted air is known as
acid rain. It damages lakes, forests and marble sculptures
6. Biodiversity: It refers to the variability among living organisms
from all sources, including terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic
ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are
part; this includes diversity within species, between species, and
of ecosystems
7. Biogas: Gas (energy resource) originated from animal dung. It is
useful fuel in rural areas
8. Biotic Component: Living component (i.e., plants, animals, and
microbes) in an ecosystem.
9. Carbon Cycle: Natural cycle based on exchange of
carbon-dioxide among Atmosphere, Biosphere and Ocean
10. Carcinogen: Chemicals promoting cancer(originates) e.g.,
benzo-α-pyrene, arsenic, DDT(now banned) etc.
11. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC): Used as solvent, refrigerant,
fire retardant etc. Responsible for ozone hole and greenhouse
effect. OR FREON
12. Compost: A nutrient rich soil produced by decomposition of
organic matter under aerobic conditions.
13. Decibel: Unit for measurement of intensity of noise.
14. Biodegradable Pollutants: Those pollutants which can be
broken down into simpler, harmless, substances in nature in due
course of time.
15. Deforestation: Destruction of forest cover. Desertification:
The process leading to desert formation. Detritus: Dead organic
matter mainly of fallen leaves as life litter in forest.
16. DDT(Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane): Pesticide useful in
agriculture and eradication of malaria.
17. Ecology: Study of interactions of living organisms with their
biotic and abiotic environments.
18. Ecosystem: A biological community and its physical
environment exchanging matter and energy.
19. Environment: Something that environs i.e., encircles all our
surroundings—the natural world in which we live — the living and
non-living objects around us in our day-today living.
20. Environmental Studies: The studies of the quality of
environment and all aspects of human environment, their
degradation etc. comprise environmental studies.
21. Eutrophication: Over nourishment of water bodies due to
excessive nitrates and phosphates received through runoff— it
is harmful for the water bodies. (-ve Terminolohy)
22. EX-situ Conservation: Conservation of endangered species
away from their natural habitat.(En-situ Conservation ?
23. Earthquake: The shaking and trembling of earth due to
movement inside the lithosphere that could be tectonic or
volcanic.
24. ENERGY- Ability to do work. Environment The physical,
chemical and biotic conditions surrounding an organism
25. Fauna: Species content of animals present in an area.
26. Flora: A species content of plants present in an area.
27. Flood: Submerges of the vast area of land with water.
28. Fertilizers: The inorganic materials which can supply plant
nutrients in available form.
29. Food Chain: Method of transferring of food elements among
environment, producers, consumers and decomposer. Fodder:
Green feed of cattle.
30. Forest: Plant community predominantly of trees, often with
an extensive undergrowth of shade tolerant shrubs and herbs
usually with closed company. (lungs of Earth- amazon forest)
31. Gasohol: Mixture of gasoline and alcohol is known as gasohol,
used as a fuel in Brazil for running cars and buses.
32. GNP (Gross National Product): An index of a country’s
economic status based on consumerism i.e., commodities
purchased per year, consumer durables and financial status of
consumer.
33. Greenhouse Effect (Global Warming): Rise in temperature
of the earth’s surface due to increase in the levels of
greenhouse gases viz., carbon dioxide, methane etc. The latter
trap heat from the earth’s surface and returns it thereby
raising the earth’s surface temperature. This phenomenon is
similar to trapping of heat in glass covered greenhouse (used
for growth of vegetables and flowers during winter) and hence
called greenhouse effect.
34. Magma: Molten rock below the earth’s surface.
35. Natural Gas: Underground deposits of gases containing
mainly methane(major) and small amounts of propane and
butane. It is a cleaner fuel than fossil fuel as it produces less
carbon dioxide on burning.
36. Nitrogen Cycle: Continuous exchange of nitrogen within the
ecosystem: air-soil-water.
WORD and DEFINITIONS:
No. Word Definition
1 Acarology Study of mites
2 Aceology Therapeutics
3 Adenology*/endocrinology Study of glands
4 Aerology Study of the atmosphere
5 Aerostatics Science of air pressure; art
of ballooning
6 Agrobiology Study of plant nutrition;
soil yields
7 Agrology Study of agricultural soils
8 Agronomics Study of productivity of
land
9 Agrostology Science or study of grasses