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Introduction to Electrical Engineering

This document provides an introduction to electrical engineering concepts including resistor, inductor, and capacitor. It defines key terms like charge, current, voltage, power, resistance, capacitance, and inductance. It also discusses circuit diagram conventions and gives examples of calculating field strength, power, voltage over time in a capacitor, and energy storage and dissipation in linear circuit elements. The overall purpose is to introduce foundational electrical engineering concepts.

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Shivang Lavania
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7 views34 pages

Introduction to Electrical Engineering

This document provides an introduction to electrical engineering concepts including resistor, inductor, and capacitor. It defines key terms like charge, current, voltage, power, resistance, capacitance, and inductance. It also discusses circuit diagram conventions and gives examples of calculating field strength, power, voltage over time in a capacitor, and energy storage and dissipation in linear circuit elements. The overall purpose is to introduce foundational electrical engineering concepts.

Uploaded by

Shivang Lavania
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ELL100: INTRODUCTION TO

ELECTRICAL ENG.
Resistor, Inductor, and Capacitor

Course Instructors:
J.-B. Seo, S. Srirangarajan, S.-D. Roy, and S. Janardhanan
Department of Electrical Engineering, IITD
SI (System International) units:

2
Derived Quantities:

3
Charge
• An electrical property of the atomic particles of which
matter consists, measured in coulombs (C)
- equal in magnitude to

4
Charge
• An electrical property of the atomic particles of which
matter consists, measured in coulombs (C)
- equal in magnitude to

• In 1 C of charges,

• The law of conservation of charges


- neither be created nor destroyed, only transferred
- The algebraic sum of the electric charges in a system
does not change

5
Current
• The time rate of change of charge, measured in Ampere

• Direct current (dc)


: a current that remains constant with time

• Alternating current (ac)


: a current that varies sinusoidally with time

6
Voltage & Power
• An electric circuit
- an interconnection of electric elements (battery, lamp, etc.)
• Voltage between two points a and b in an electric circuit
- the energy (work) needed to move a unit charge from a to b

• Power is the time rate of expending or absorbing energy

7
Definitions

(Voltage per meter)

8
Definitions velocity

9
Definitions

Magnetic flux (Weber)

10
Electrical Power and Energy

11
Example 1
The “electron gun” of a cathode-ray tube provides a beam of high-
velocity electrons.
(a) If the electrons are accelerated through a potential difference of
20,000 V over the distance of 4 cm (as shown in Figure), calculate the
average field strength.
(b) Calculate the power supplied to a beam of 50 million billion electrons
per second.

Figure: Current and power

12
Example 1

13
Example 1

14
Resistance (Ohms Law)

15
Capacitance

16
Inductance

17
Example 2
A current varied as a function of time as shown in Figure.
Predict and plot the voltage produced by this current flowing
in an initially uncharged 1 µF capacitor.

Figure: Current-voltage relations in a capacitor

18
Example 2

19
Circuit Diagram Convention I

20
Circuit Diagram Convention II

21
Circuit Diagram Convention III

• Branch
- Path containing one or more elements that connects two
nodes
• Node
- Terminal common to two or more branches of a circuit
• Loop
- Closed path progressing from node to node and returning
to the starting node.

22
Circuit Elements I

23
Circuit Elements II

24
Circuit Elements II

25
Circuit Elements II

26
Energy Storage in Linear Elements I

27
Energy Storage in Linear Elements II

28
Energy dissipation in Linear elements

29
Continuity of stored energy

30
Example 3

31
Energy sources and Reversible
transforms I

32
Energy sources and Reversible
transforms I

33
Circuit Diagram Convention III

34

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