Power Transformer Magnetizing Inrush Current
➢Transformer steel core retains a static magnetic field if power is
removed (i.e. if the transformer is taken out from service).
➢This residual field causes a high inrush current when power is
reapplied (i.e. if the transformer is put back into service).
➢This high inrush current exists only at the source side of power
transformer.
➢This inrush current remains until effect of the remnant magnetism is
reduced, usually after a few cycles of the applied alternating current.
➢ Transformer protection devices must be selected to allow this
harmless inrush to pass through it.
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Power Transformer Magnetizing Inrush Current
➢ Factors that affect the Inrush Current-
▪The remanence magnetism of the core
▪The magnetic properties of the core
▪The point of voltage wave when the CB contact closes
▪The size of the transformer
▪The source impedance
➢Average Values of Magnetizing Inrush Current of Power
Transformer:
MVA Magnetizing Inrush Current (Crest Inrush Current as p.u.
Rating of Crest Full Load Current)
Cold Rolled Steel Hot-Rolled Steel
HV LV HV LV
1.0 8.4 14.0 4.8 7.0
5.0 6.0 10.0 3.9 5.7
10.0 5.0 10.0 3.2 3.2
50.0 4.5 9.0 2.5 2.5 2
Power Transformer Magnetizing Inrush Current
❑Methods of Minimizing Magnetic Inrush Current:
➢Resistance Energization:
A series resistance is inserted in the switching circuit of the
transformer.
➢Capacitance for Reducing Residual Magnetism:
A capacitor is connected in parallel with the transformer so
that, when it is suspended from the supply the damped
oscillation in the tuned circuit so formed eventually
eliminates any residual magnetism (still not proven very
effective)
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Power Transformer Magnetizing Inrush Current
❑Relay Solutions to the Inrush Current Problem
Since the inrush current exists only at the source side of power transformer, so it
appears at the differential protection circuit and will operate the relay if it is not
blocked or bypassed. There are several solutions-
▪Even harmonic cancellation
▪Harmonic restraint
▪Resonance blocking
▪DC Bias
Amplitude of Harmonics in a Typical Magnetizing Inrush Current Wave Shape:
Component DC 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th
Typical Value 55% 63% 26.8% 5.1% 4.1% 3.7% 2.4%
