Protection Relay Setting Calculaiton
Kodda 132/11kv Substation
1
Table of Contents Page
1) 132kV line Feeder Kodda- Kabirpur ( Line-1, Line-2)
……………………….. 03
i) Line Distance Protection relay Settings MiCOM
P442………… 03
ii) Back Up Protection relay setting MiCOM
P14DL…………….. 06
iii) Breaker failure & Busbar protection relay setting MiCOM
P742. 08
2) 132kV line Feeder Kodda- Joydevpur ( Line-1, Line-2)
……………………… 10
i) Line Distance Protection relay Settings MiCOM
P442………… 10
ii) Back Up Protection relay setting MiCOM
P14DL…………….. 13
iii) Breaker failure & Busbar protection relay setting MiCOM
P742.. 15
3) 132/11kV Transformer Feeder ( TR-1, TR-2, TR-3, TR-4)
…………………... 16
i) Transformer Differential Protection relay Settings MiCOM
P642. 16
ii) Back Up Protection relay setting MiCOM P14DL HV
side............ 20
iii) Back Up Protection relay setting MiCOM P14DL LV
side............ 22
iv) Breaker failure & Busbar protection relay setting MiCOM
P742.. 24
4) Bus Coupler Feeder ……………………………………………………………
25
i) Back Up Protection relay setting MiCOM P14DL……….
25
ii) Breaker failure & Busbar protection relay setting MiCOM
P741. 26
iii) Breaker failure & Busbar protection relay setting MiCOM
P742. 27
2
1) 132KV LINE FEEDER KODDA- KABIRPUR ( LINE-1, LINE-
2)
i) Line Distance Protection Relay Settings MiCOM P442
Line data of protected line: Kodda- Kabirpur
Length of the line to be protected in Km = 9.0 Km
Type of Conductor: Grossbeak 636MCM
Positive Sequence Resistance of the line = 0.101059 /km
Positive Sequence Reactance of the line = 0.3833 /km
Zero Sequence Resistance of the line = 0.317117 /km
Zero Sequence Reactance of the line = 1.341648 /km
CT Ratio = 1200/1A
PT Ratio = 132000/110V
Line data of adjacent shortest line:
Considering parallel line same line data (Kodda- Kabirpur) used
Line data of adjacent Longest line: Kabirpur- Tangail
Length of the Longest line in Km = 50.0 Km
Type of Conductor: Grossbeak 636MCM
Positive Sequence Resistance of the line = 0.101059 /km
3
Positive Sequence Reactance of the line = 0.383328 /km
Zero Sequence Resistance of the line = 0.308405 /km
Zero Sequence Reactance of the line = 1.34687 /km
Setting Calculation
CTR / PTR
= 1
Positive sequence Impedance of the total Line, =Z1(R+jX) x CTR/PTR = 3.568
Zero sequence Impedance of the total Line, Z0= (R+jX) x CTR/PTR = 12.436
Zero sequence compensation factor = (Z0 – Z1) / 3 Z1 = 0.829 2.624
Line impedence Zline = (R+jX) x line length x CTR/PTR = 3.568 75.280
Longest Line impedances:
Positive sequence Impedance of the Longest Line, =Z1(R+jX) x CTR/PTR = 19.821
Zero sequence Impedance of the Longest Line, Z0= (R+jX) x CTR/PTR = 69.087
Zero sequence compensation factor = (Z0 – Z1) / 3 Z1 = 0.829 2.624
Line impedence Zline = (R+jX) x line length x CTR/PTR = 19.821 75.20
Calculation of resistive reach
Maximum load current (Considering Line current rating and parallel line )= 1200A
CT secondary current IL = (Load current/ CT Ratio)= 1200/1200=1A
Z load, ZL = Vn/ IL = 63.50
Z Load with worst PF = ZL x cos40 = 48.65
Z load considering overload of 20%
=48.65 / 1.2 = 40.54
Hence the recommended
Resistive reach for phase fault (60% of Z load) = 24 ohms
Which is more than arc resistance calculated by Van Warringtone Formula
Resistive reach for earth fault (80% of Z load) = 32 ohms
Which covers Arc resistance and tower footing resistance
Normally for phase faults the Rph should be set to cover maximum expected phase – phase
fault resistance and limited by the minimum load impedance. Similarly in the case of earth
fault also. So it is recommended to set these reaches to a maximum but limited by minimum
load impedance.
4
Reach Calculations
ZONE REACHES
Zone 1 = Z1 reach(80%of line length) =2.854 ohms
Resistive reach = R1 P-P = 24ohms
Resistive reach = R1 P-G = 32ohms
Time delay T1 = 0ms
Zone 2 = Z2 reach(100% of line length+ 50% of adjacent shortest line)= 5.352 ohms
Resistive reach = R2 P-P = 24ohms
Resistive reach = R2 P-G = 32ohms
Time delay = 400 ms
Zone 3 = Z3 reach(100% of protected line length, + 100% of adjacent longest line)X1.2
= 28.067ohms
Resistive reach = R3 P-P = 24ohms
Resistive reach = R3 P-G = 32ohms
Time delay = 800 ms
Zone 4 = Z4 reach(25% of line length)
Reverse = 0.714ohms
Resistive reach = R4 P-P = 24ohms
Resistive reach = R4 P-G = 32ohms
Time delay = 800 ms
Power Swing
It should be kept between 10-30% of Zone 3 RP-P (Maximum outer zone
Delta R = 6.4 ohms
Delta X = 6.4 ohms
Unblocking delay=30 Sec
Block zones: Select all
Setting Recommendations
GROUP 1 Line Setting
Line Length= 9km
Line Impedance = 3.568 ohms
Line Angle = 75.28
GROUP 1 Zone Setting
Zone Status 11010
kZ1 Res Comp = 0.829
kZ1 Angle 2.62 deg
5
Z1 2.854 ohm
R1G 24 Ohm
R1Ph 32 Ohm
tZ1 0 ms
kZ2 Res Comp = 0.829
kZ2 Angle 2.62 deg
Z2 5.352 Ohm
R2G 24 Ohm
R2Ph 32 Ohm
tZ2 400 ms
kZ3/4 Res Comp= 0.829
kZ3/4 Angle 2.62 deg
Z3 28.076 Ohm
R3G-R4G 24 Ohm
R3Ph-R4Ph 32 Ohm
tZ3 800 ms
Z4 0.714 Ohm
tZ4 800 ms
kZm Mutual Comp 0
kZm Angle 0 deg
GROUP 1 POWER-SWING
Delta R 6.4Ohm
Delta X 6.4Ohm
IN> status Enabled
IN> (%Imax) 40.00 %
I2> status Enabled
I2> (%Imax) 30.00 %
ImaxLine> Status Enabled
ImaxLine > 3.000 A
Unblocking delay 30.00 s
Blocking Zones 1111
ii) Back Up Protection Relay Setting MiCOM P14DL
Relay Type: MiCOM P14DL
Protection Functions: 67, 67N, 50/51, 50N/51N, 49,79, 81L, 27L, 25
CT Ratio= 1200/1A
PT Ratio= 132000/110V
Maximum 3Phase fault current at Kodda Substation=21.31kA, 4873MVA
Maximum 1Phase fault current at Kodda Substation= 15.05kA, 3441MVA
67
6
Start current of phase over current is considering Line current rating and parallel line 1200 A
O/C Pickup current secondary value= 1.0 In
Tripping time for maximum fault is selected greater than Zone-3 time
Selected Trip time= 0.9 Sec
CT Secondary Current at Maximum Fault= (21310/1200)= 17.75
Selected Curve IDMT SI
Therefore Selected TMS= 0.38
67N
Start current for 1 Phase fault 20% of CT nominal current.
E/F Pickup current secondary value= 0.2In
Tripping time for maximum fault is selected greater than Zone-3 time
Selected Trip time= 0.9 Sec
CT Secondary Current at Maximum Fault= (15050/1200*0.2)= 62.7
Selected Curve IDMT SI
Therefore Selected TMS= 0.55
51
Start current of phase over current is considering Line current rating and parallel line 1200 A
O/C Pickup current secondary value= 1.0 In
Tripping time for maximum fault is selected greater than Zone-3 and 67 time
Selected Trip time= 1.0 Sec
CT Secondary Current at Maximum Fault= (21310/1200)= 17.75
Selected Curve IDMT SI
Therefore Selected TMS= 0.42
50
Start current of phase over current is considering Line current rating and parallel line 1200 A
Considering current margin 10% Pick up current= 1320A
Relay pick current= 1.1x In
Trip time selected= 2 Sec (delayed tripping)
51N
Start current for 1 Phase fault 20% of CT nominal current.
E/F Pickup current secondary value= 0.2In
Tripping time for maximum fault is selected greater than Zone-3 and 67N time
Selected Trip time= 1.0 Sec
CT Secondary Current at Maximum Fault= (15050/1200*0.2)= 62.7
Selected Curve IDMT SI
Therefore Selected TMS= 0.61
50N- Not recommended
Relay Settings
GROUP 1 OVERCURRENT
I>1 Function IEC S Inverse
I>1 Direction Directional Fwd
I>1 Current Set 1.000 A
I>1 TMS 0.380
I>1 tRESET 0 s
I>2 Function IEC S Inverse
I>2 Direction Non-Directional
I>2 Current Set 1.000 A
I>2 TMS 0.420
I>2 tRESET 0 s
I>3 Status Enabled
7
I>3 Direction Non-Directional
I>3 Current Set 1.1 A
I>3 Time Delay 2.0 s
I>4 Status Disabled
I> Char Angle 45.00 deg
I> Blocking 001111
GROUP 1 EARTH FAULT 1
IN1> Input Measured
IN1>1 Function IEC S Inverse
IN1>1 Direction Directional Fwd
IN1>1 Current 200.0 mA
IN1>1 TMS 0.55
IN1>1 tRESET 0s
IN1>2 Function IEC S Inverse
IN1>2 Direction Non-Directional
IN1>2 Current 200.0 mA
IN1>2 TMS 0.65
IN1>2 tRESET 0s
IN1>3 Status Disabled
IN1>4 Status Disabled
IN1> Blocking 001111
IN1> DIRECTIONAL
IN1> Char Angle -45.00 deg
IN1> Pol Zero Sequence
IN1> VNpol Set 5.000 V
iii. MiCOM P742: Breaker Fail & Bus bar Protection
DEAD ZONE PROT
On a feeder, if the isolators or the breaker is open, a dead zone (or end zone) is said to exist
between the open element and the CT. The P74x peripheral units can protect this zone with the
Dead Zone protection. This is a simple time delayed overcurrent and earth fault element which
is only active when a dead zone is identified in the local topology.
I>DZ must be below 80% of the minimum Dead Zone fault level (and if possible bigger than
the maximum load). Proposed value 1.2*In
I>DZ Time delay must be at least 50ms if the CB status positions are used (any value
otherwise)
Proposed value 0.3Sec
CB FAIL SETTINGS
If the pick-up current of the breaker backup function is set too low there is a risk that the
breaker backup protection will not reset quickly enough after a circuit-breaker has been
8
successfully tripped. This can be the result of decaying oscillations in the CT secondary circuit.
Conversely, the breaker backup protection may fail to operate if the setting is too high.
Proposed Setting of CB fail Pickup is 0.2*In
First trip time is circuit-breaker operating time plus arc ignition time, the circuit breaker’s
opening operating time is less than 30 ms and the max. arcing time is less than the 22 ms in
accordance to IEC60056. considering a time margin t1 is prpoosed 150ms timer t2 is selected
additional breaker trip time of 50ms adding with t1 timer t2 is proposed 200ms
Setting recommendation
GROUP 1 DEAD ZONE PROT
I>DZ Current Set 1.200 A
I>DZ Time Delay 0.300 s
IN>DZ Cur. Set Disabled
GROUP 1 CB FAIL
Control By I<
I< Current Set 0.2A
GROUP 1 Internal Trip
CB Fail Timer 1 150.00 ms
CB Fail Timer 2 200.0 ms
GROUP 1 External Trip
CB Fail Timer 3 150.00 ms
CB Fail Timer 4 200.0 ms
9
2) 132KV LINE FEEDER KODDA- JOYDEVPUR ( LINE-1, LINE-2)
i) Line Distance Protection Relay Settings MiCOM P442
Line data of protected line: Kodda- Joydevpur
Length of the line to be protected in Km = 6.0 Km
Type of Conductor: Grossbeak 636MCM
Positive Sequence Resistance of the line = 0.101059 /km
Positive Sequence Reactance of the line = 0.3833 /km
Zero Sequence Resistance of the line = 0.317117 /km
Zero Sequence Reactance of the line = 1.341648 /km
CT Ratio = 1200/1A
PT Ratio = 132000/110V
Line data of adjacent shortest line:
Considering parallel line same line data (Joydevpur-Kodda) used
Line data of adjacent Longest line: Joydevpur- Tongi
Length of the Longest line in Km = 26.0 Km
Type of Conductor: Grossbeak 636MCM
Positive Sequence Resistance of the line = 0.101059 /km
Positive Sequence Reactance of the line = 0.383328 /km
Zero Sequence Resistance of the line = 0.308405 /km
10
Zero Sequence Reactance of the line = 1.34687 /km
Setting Calculation
CTR / PTR
= 1
Positive sequence Impedance of the total Line, =Z1(R+jX)x CTR/PTR = 2.379
Zero sequence Impedance of the total Line, Z0= (R+jX) x CTR/PTR = 8.290
Zero sequence compensation factor = (Z0 – Z1) / 3 Z1 = 0.829 2.624
Line impedence Zline = (R+jX) x line length x CTR/PTR = 2.37975.200
Longest Line impedances:
Positive sequence Impedance of the Longest Line, =Z1(R+jX) x CTR/PTR = 10.307
Zero sequence Impedance of the Longest Line, Z0= (R+jX) x CTR/PTR = 35.925
Zero sequence compensation factor = (Z0 – Z1) / 3 Z1 = 0.829 2.624
Line impedence Zline = (R+jX) x line length x CTR/PTR = 10.307 75.200
Calculation of resistive reach
Maximum load current (Considering Line current rating and parallel line )= 1200A
CT secondary current IL = (Load current/ CT Ratio)= 1200/1200=1A
Z load, ZL = Vn/ IL = 63.50
Z Load with worst PF = ZL x cos40 = 48.65
Z load considering the
overload of 20% =48.65 / 1.2 = 40.54
Hence the recommended
Resistive reach for phase fault (60% of Z load) = 24 ohms
Which is more than arc resistance calculated by Van Warringtone Formula
Resistive reach for earth fault (80% of Z load) = 32 ohms
Which covers Arc resistance and tower footing resistance
Normally for phase faults the Rph should be set to cover maximum expected phase – phase
fault resistance and limited by the minimum load impedance. Similarly in the case of earth
fault also. So it is recommended to set these reaches to a maximum but limited by minimum
load impedance.
For best erformance it should not excceed 10 times of zone reach
11
Resistive reach zone is selected 19 ohms
Reach Calculations
ZONE REACHES
Zone 1 = Z1 reach(80%of line length) =1.903 ohms
Resistive reach = R1 P-P = 19 ohms
Resistive reach = R1 P-G = 32ohms
Time delay T1 = 0ms
Zone 2 = Z2 reach(100% of line length+ 50% of adjacent shortest line)= 3.568 ohms
Resistive reach = R2 P-P = 24ohms
Resistive reach = R2 P-G = 32ohms
Time delay = 400 ms
Zone 3 = Z3 reach(100% of protected line length, + 100% of adjacent longest line)X1.2
= 15.223ohms
Resistive reach = R3 P-P = 24ohms
Resistive reach = R3 P-G = 32ohms
Time delay = 800 ms
Zone 4 = Z4 reach(25% of zone-1 reach)
Reverse = 0.476ohms
Resistive reach = R4 P-P = 24ohms
Resistive reach = R4 P-G = 32ohms
Time delay = 800 ms
Power Swing
It should be kept between 10-30% of Zone 3 RP-P (Maximum outer zone
Delta R = 6.4 ohms
Delta X = 6.4 ohms
Unblocking delay=30 Sec
Block zones: Select all
Setting Recommendations
GROUP 1 Line Setting
Line Length= 6km
Line Impedance = 2.378 ohms
Line Angle = 75.28
GROUP 1 Zone Setting
Zone Status 11010
kZ1 Res Comp = 0.829
kZ1 Angle 2.62 deg
Z1 1.903 ohm
R1G 19 Ohm
R1Ph 32 Ohm
12
tZ1 0 ms
kZ2 Res Comp = 0.829
kZ2 Angle 2.62 deg
Z2 3.568 Ohm
R2G 24 Ohm
R2Ph 32 Ohm
tZ2 400 ms
kZ3/4 Res Comp= 0.829
kZ3/4 Angle 2.62 deg
Z3 15.223 Ohm
R3G-R4G 24 Ohm
R3Ph-R4Ph 32 Ohm
tZ3 800 ms
Z4 0.476 Ohm
tZ4 800 ms
kZm Mutual Comp 0
kZm Angle 0 deg
GROUP 1 POWER-SWING
Delta R 6.4Ohm
Delta X 6.4Ohm
IN> status Enabled
IN> (%Imax) 40.00 %
I2> status Enabled
I2> (%Imax) 30.00 %
ImaxLine> Status Enabled
ImaxLine > 3.000 A
Unblocking delay 30.00 s
Blocking Zones 1111
ii) Back Up Protection Relay Setting MiCOM P14DL
Relay Type: MiCOM P14DL
Protection Functions: 67, 67N, 50/51, 50N/51N, 49,79, 81L, 27L, 25
CT Ratio= 1200/1A
PT Ratio= 132000/110V
Maximum 3Phase fault current at Kodda Substation=21.31kA, 4873MVA
Maximum 1Phase fault current at Kodda Substation= 15.05kA, 3441MVA
67
Start current of phase over current is considering Line current rating and parallel line 1200 A
O/C Pickup current secondary value= 1.0 In
Tripping time for maximum fault is selected greater than Zone-3 time
13
Selected Trip time= 0.9 Sec
CT Secondary Current at Maximum Fault= (21310/1200)= 17.75
Selected Curve IDMT SI
Therefore Selected TMS= 0.38
67N
Start current for 1 Phase fault 20% of CT nominal current.
E/F Pickup current secondary value= 0.2In
Tripping time for maximum fault is selected greater than Zone-3 time
Selected Trip time= 0.9 Sec
CT Secondary Current at Maximum Fault= (15050/1200*0.2)= 62.7
Selected Curve IDMT SI
Therefore Selected TMS= 0.55
51
Start current of phase over current is considering Line current rating and parallel line 1200 A
O/C Pickup current secondary value= 1.0 In
Tripping time for maximum fault is selected greater than Zone-3 and 67 time
Selected Trip time= 1.0 Sec
CT Secondary Current at Maximum Fault= (21310/1200)= 17.75
Selected Curve IDMT SI
Therefore Selected TMS= 0.42
50
Start current of phase over current is considering Line current rating and parallel line 1200 A
Considering current margin 10% Pick up current= 1320A
Relay pick current= 1.1x In
Trip time selected= 2 Sec (delayed tripping)
51N
Start current for 1 Phase fault 20% of CT nominal current.
E/F Pickup current secondary value= 0.2In
Tripping time for maximum fault is selected greater than Zone-3 and 67N time
Selected Trip time= 1.0 Sec
CT Secondary Current at Maximum Fault= (15050/1200*0.2)= 62.7
Selected Curve IDMT SI
Therefore Selected TMS= 0.61
50N- Not recommended
Relay Settings
GROUP 1 OVERCURRENT
I>1 Function IEC S Inverse
I>1 Direction Directional Fwd
I>1 Current Set 1.000 A
I>1 TMS 0.380
I>1 tRESET 0 s
I>2 Function IEC S Inverse
I>2 Direction Non-Directional
I>2 Current Set 1.000 A
I>2 TMS 0.420
I>2 tRESET 0 s
I>3 Status Enabled
14
I>3 Direction Non-Directional
I>3 Current Set 1.1 A
I>3 Time Delay 2.0 s
I>4 Status Disabled
I> Char Angle 45.00 deg
I> Blocking 001111
GROUP 1 EARTH FAULT 1
IN1> Input Measured
IN1>1 Function IEC S Inverse
IN1>1 Direction Directional Fwd
IN1>1 Current 200.0 mA
IN1>1 TMS 0.55
IN1>1 tRESET 0s
IN1>2 Function IEC S Inverse
IN1>2 Direction Non-Directional
IN1>2 Current 200.0 mA
IN1>2 TMS 0.65
IN1>2 tRESET 0s
IN1>3 Status Disabled
IN1>4 Status Disabled
IN1> Blocking 001111
IN1> DIRECTIONAL
IN1> Char Angle -45.00 deg
IN1> Pol Zero Sequence
IN1> VNpol Set 5.000 V
iii. MiCOM P742: Breaker Fail & Bus bar Protection
DEAD ZONE PROT
On a feeder, if the isolators or the breaker is open, a dead zone (or end zone) is said to exist
between the open element and the CT. The P74x peripheral units can protect this zone with the
Dead Zone protection. This is a simple time delayed overcurrent and earth fault element which
is only active when a dead zone is identified in the local topology.
I>DZ must be below 80% of the minimum Dead Zone fault level (and if possible bigger than
the maximum load). Proposed value 1.2*In
I>DZ Time delay must be at least 50ms if the CB status positions are used (any value
otherwise)
Proposed value 0.3Sec
CB FAIL SETTINGS
If the pick-up current of the breaker backup function is set too low there is a risk that the
breaker backup protection will not reset quickly enough after a circuit-breaker has been
successfully tripped. This can be the result of decaying oscillations in the CT secondary circuit.
Conversely, the breaker backup protection may fail to operate if the setting is too high.
Proposed Setting of CB fail Pickup is 0.2*In
15
First trip time is circuit-breaker operating time plus arc ignition time, the circuit breaker’s
opening operating time is less than 30 ms and the max. arcing time is less than the 22 ms in
accordance to IEC60056. considering a time margin t1 is prpoosed 150ms timer t2 is selected
additional breaker trip time of 50ms adding with t1 timer t2 is proposed 200ms
Setting recommendation
GROUP 1 DEAD ZONE PROT
I>DZ Current Set 1.200 A
I>DZ Time Delay 0.300 s
IN>DZ Cur. Set Disabled
GROUP 1 CB FAIL
Control By I<
I< Current Set 0.2A
GROUP 1 Internal Trip
CB Fail Timer 1 150.00 ms
CB Fail Timer 2 200.0 ms
GROUP 1 External Trip
CB Fail Timer 3 150.00 ms
CB Fail Timer 4 200.0 ms
3)132/11KV TRANSFORMER FEEDER ( TR-1, TR-2, TR-3, TR-4)
i) Transformer Differential Protection relay Settings MiCOM P642
Relay Type (Similar For All 132kV Transformer Bays): MiCOM P642
Transformer Data:
Rated Power (ONAN/ONANF): 80MVA
Rated Voltage: 132/11KV
Rated Current (HV): 349.9A
Rated Current (LV): 4198.9A
Connection: Star (HV), Delta (LV)
Vector Group:YNd1
Short Circuit Impedance base on 80MVA: Tap no-1 Tap no-9B Tap no-17
18.79% 17.85% 17.58%
HV CT Ratio :400/1A
LV CT Ratio: 4000/1A
HV N BCT : 400/1A
The individual reference currents for each winding of the transformer are calculated by P642
on the basis of the set reference power and the set primary nominal voltages of the transformer.
Iref,a = Sref/(√[Link],a) = 80MVA/(√3 x 132kV) = 349 Amps
Iref,a= 349.9 Amps
Iref,b = Sref/(√[Link],b) = 80MVA/( √3 x 11kV) = 4199.3 Amps
Iref,b= 4199.3 Amps
Where: Sref: Reference Power
Iref,a,b: reference current of winding a, b.
Vnom,a,b: nominal voltage of winding a, b.
16
The P642 calculates the matching factors on the basis of the reference currents and the set
nominal currents of the system current transformers.
kam,a=Inom,a/Iref,a = 400/349.9 = 1.143
kam,a= 1.143
kam,b=Inom,b/Iref,b = 4000/4199.3 = 0.953
kam,b = 0.953
Where:
kam,a,b: amplitude matching factor of winding a or b.
Inom,a,b: primary nominal currents of the main current transformers.
Idiff Is1:
Differential initial setting should be set above the steady-state magnetizing current of the
transformer. Unbalance current checking in regarding with the tap changer position on highest
(1) and lowest (17) tap positions.
Rated voltage at Highest Tap position= 132+8X1.25%=142kV
Rated voltage at Highest Tap position= 132-8X1.25%=122kV
Rated HV current at highest tap position = 325.2A A
Rated HV current at lowest tap position = 378.6A A
Secondary current at highest tap & lowest tap position with selected CT multiplier:
At highest tap position with CT multiplier = (325.2/400) x 1.143 = 0.9292 PU
At lowest tap position with CT multiplier = (378.6/400) x 1.143 = 1.081 PU
LV side current = 4199.3 A
Secondary LV side current with selected ct multiplier = (4199.3/4000) x 0.953
= 1.00048 PU
Differential Current on highest and lowest tap position with selected CT Multiplier:
Allowing 5% to accommodate CT errors,
Differential Current on highest tap position = (0.9292 x 0.95) - (1.00048 x 1.05)
= 0.88274-1.0505
= 0.16776 PU
Differential current on lowest tap position = (1.081 x 1.05) – (1.00048 x 0.95)
= 1.135-0.9504
= 0.1846PU
Hence the selected setting Idiff Is1 = 0.2 PU
Idiff Is-HS1
This setting is to be set just above the inrush current rms value so that blocking of the triple
slope characteristic by second harmonic restraint or by saturation detector is removed.
Normally the transformer Inrush current may go from 4-8 times the rated current.
Taking 8 times the rated current for calculation,
Maximum transformer inrush current = 8 x rated current
= 8 x 349.9
= 2799.2 Amps
Corresponding CT secondary current = (2799.2/400) x 1.143= 7.998
Is-HS1= 8 PU
Idiff Is-HS2
This is a simple instantaneous unrestrained highest differential over current setting. It is not
influenced by restraining current (triple slope characteristics), harmonic restraint, overfluxing
restraint or saturation detector. Hence for fast fault clearance, Id>>> could be set below the
17
current for a fault at the transformer terminals. Such a fault involves the bus fault level as it is
not limited by the winding impedances.
Selected Setting Idiff Is-HS2 = 8 PU
k1
This is the second section of the tripping characteristic covers the load current range, so that in
this section we must reckon not only with the transformer magnetizing current, which appears
as differential current, but also with differential current that can be attributed to the
transformation errors of the current transformer sets
For the K1 slope range: Is1/K1 ≤ Ibias max ≤ Is2
Idiff ≥ [Link] max + transient bias
Transient Bias is not considered for calculation.
Differential current on highest and lowest tap position with selected CT multiplier:
As calculated above,
Differential current on highest tap position = 0.16776 PU
Differential current on lowest tap position = 0.1846PU
Restraining current on highest and lowest tap positions:
Restraining current on highest tap position = (0.9292 + 1.00048)/2 = 0.96484
Restarining current on lowest tap position = (1.081 + 1.00048)/2 = 1.0407
Therefore:
For highest tap position: IR = 0.96484 PU, & Idiff = 0.1869 PU
For Lowest tap position: IR = 1.0407 PU & Idiff = 0.2158 PU
Hence selected K1= 0.2
IS2
This is the second knee point of the tripping characteristic determines the end of the
overcurrent zone in the direction of increasing restraining current in fault free operation.
It is recommended to set half the maximum through fault current.
Max through fault current (Limited by transformer impedance) at lowest tap:
Max through fault current = rated current at lowest tap / % imp of trf at lowest tap
= 378.6/0.1758
= 2153.58A
Corresponding ct secondary current = (2153.58/400) x 1.143 = 6.15 PU
Max through fault current (Limited by transformer impedance) at highest tap:
Max through fault current = rated current at highest tap / % imp of trf at highest tap
= 325.2/0.1879
= 1730.7A
18
Corresponding ct secondary current = (1730.7/400) x 1.143 = 4.94 PU
Max through fault current at lowest tap position = 6.15 PU
Max through fault current at highest tap position = 4.94 PU
Half the max. through fault current on lowest tap position = 6.15/2 = 3.08PU
Half the max. through fault current on highest tap position = 4.94/2 = 2.47
Therefore 3.08 to be set based on half the maximum through fault current.
Hence The selected IS2 setting
IS2 = 3.1PU
K2
The third slope K2 characteristics are to accommodate CT errors during heavy through fault
conditions. There is no specific advantage in setting the slope K2 very closer to the through
fault operating conditions. It is desirable to give a safety factor 0f 1.5 for the differential
current.
Max through fault current at lowest tap position = 6.15 PU(as calculated above)
Max through fault current at highest tap position = 4.94 PU (as calculated above)
Max through fault current at highest and lowest tap positions at LV side:
LV side through fault current on highest tap position = 1730.7 x (122kV/11kV) = 19195.05A
CT secondary LV through fault current on highest tap= (19195.05/4000) x 0.953= 4.573PU
LV side through fault current on lowest tap position = 2153.58A x (122kV/11kV) = 23885.2
kA
CT secondary LV through fault current on lowest tap= (23885/4000) x 0.953= 5.69PU
Differential currents on highest and lowest tap positions:
Allowing 5% to accommodate CT errors and assuming worst case.
Differential current on highest tap position = (4.573x 0.95) - (4.94 x 1.05)= 0.84 PU
Differential current on highest tap position
with safety factor 1.5 = 0.84 x1.5=1.26PU
Differential current on lowest tap position = (6.15 x 1.05) – (5.69x 0.95)= 1.052PU
Differential current on lowest tap position
with safety factor 1.5 = 1.052 x1.5=1.57PU
Restraining current on highest and lowest tap positions:
Restraining current on highest tap position = (4.57+4.94)/2 = 4.76PU
Restraining current on lowest tap position = (6.15+5.96)/2 = 5.92PU
Therefore:
For highest tap position: IR = 4.76PU, & Idiff = 1.26PU
For Lowest tap position: IR = 5.92PU & Idiff = 1.57PU
The following equation is used to calculate the boundary of the operating region.
19
For the K2 slope range: Is2 ≤ Ibias max ≤ Is-HS2/K2
Idiff ≥ K1.Is2 + K2(Ibias max - Is2 ) + transient bias
Transient Bias is not considered for calculation.
from above equation we get K2=0.67
Hence Selected K2=0.7
GROUP 1 SYSTEM CONFIG
Winding Type Conventional
HV CT Terminals 01
LV CT Terminals 10
Ref Power S 80.00 MVA
HV Connection Y-Wye
HV Nominal 132.0 kV
HV Rating 80.00 MVA
LV Vector Group 1
LV Connection D-Delta
LV Nominal 11.00 kV
LV Rating 80.00 MVA
Match Factor CT1 1.143
Match Factor CT2 952.8e-3
Phase Sequence Standard ABC
GROUP 1 DIFF PROTECTION
Trans Diff Disabled
Set Mode Advance
Is1 0.2 PU
K1 20.00 %
Is2 3.1 PU
K2 70.00 %
tDIFF LS 0s
Is-HS1 8.0 PU
HS2 Status Enabled
Is-HS2 8.0 PU
Zero seq filt HV Enabled
Zero seq filt LV Enabled
2nd harm blocked Enabled
Ih(2)%> 20.00 %
Cross blocking Enabled
CTSat and NoGap Enabled
5th harm blocked Enabled
Ih(5)%> 30.00 %
GROUP 1 REF PROTECTION
REF HV status LowZ REF
HV IS1 Set 35.00 A (10% of ratred currunt)
HV IS2 Set 350.0 A ( 100% of rated current
HV IREF K1 0 %
HV IREF K2 150.0 %
HV tREF 0s
20
ii) Back Up Protection Relay Setting MiCOM P14DL at HV Side
Relay Type: MiCOM P14DL
Protection Functions:, 50/51, 50N/51N, 67N 49, 81B 27B, 25
CT Ratio= 400/1A
PT Ratio= 132000/110V
Maximum 3Phase fault current 132kv Level=21.31kA, 4873MVA
Maximum 1Phase fault current 132kv Level = 15.05kA, 3441MVA
Calculation of fault level at 11kv Bus
Source Impedance 132kv side z1/z2= 1.7321x 132000/(21.31x1000)=10.72 ohm
PU value= 0.061 ( 100 MVA base)
Transformer Impedance z1/z2/z0= 17.85/80=0.223PU
Short circuit current at 11kv side considering grid source
Isc11kv=11000/{1.732 x(0.061+0.223)x1.21}=18484A
11kv generator rated current=1157A
three phase fault current=5.1PU
Short circuit current of generator=1157*5.1=5900.7A
three generators are connected in one bus
short ckt current at 11kv from generators=5900.7*3=17702.1A
short ckt current at 132kv bus considering 11kv generation only=(17702.1*11/132)=1475.1A
51
transformer rated current at lowest tap position 378.5A
considering 5% overload proposed current is set at 400A
O/C Pickup current secondary value= 1.0 In
Transformer should not trip for grid system fault
Tripping time for maximum fault is selected greater than Zone-3 time
Selected Trip time= 1.2 Sec
CT Secondary Current at Maximum Fault= (1475/400)= 3.68
Selected Curve IDMT SI
Therefore Selected TMS= 0.23
67N
Start current for 1 Phase fault 20% of CT nominal current.
E/F Pickup current secondary value= 0.2In
Tripping time for maximum fault is selected greater than Zone-3 time
Selected Trip time= 1.0 Sec
maximum earth fault at 132kv is 15050A and it will be shared by three transformer
nutral=15050/3=5016A
21
CT Secondary Current at Maximum Fault= (5016/400*0.2)= 62.7
Selected Curve IDMT SI
Therefore Selected TMS= 0.61
50
Start current of phase over current is considering Transformer rating=400 A
Considering current margin 20% Pick up current= 480A
Relay pick current= 1.2x In
Trip time selected= 2 Sec (delayed tripping)
51N
Same as 67N
50N- Not recommended
Relay Settings
GROUP 1 OVERCURRENT
I>1 Function IEC S Inverse
I>1 Direction Non-Directional
I>1 Current Set 1.000 A
I>1 TMS 0.230
I>1 tRESET 0 s
I>2 Function DT
I>2 Direction Non-Directional
I>2 Current Set 1.2000 A
I>2 TMS 2.0S
I>2 tRESET 0 s
I>3 Status Disabled
I>4 Status Disabled
I> Char Angle 45.00 deg
I> Blocking 001111
GROUP 1 EARTH FAULT 1
IN1> Input Measured
IN1>1 Function IEC S Inverse
IN1>1 Direction Directional Fwd
IN1>1 Current 200.0 mA
IN1>1 TMS 0.61
IN1>1 tRESET 0s
IN1>2 Function IEC S Inverse
IN1>2 Direction Non-Directional
IN1>2 Current 200.0 mA
IN1>2 TMS 0.61
IN1>2 tRESET 0s
IN1>3 Status Disabled
IN1>4 Status Disabled
IN1> Blocking 001111
IN1> DIRECTIONAL
IN1> Char Angle -45.00 deg
IN1> Pol Zero Sequence
IN1> VNpol Set 5.000 V
iii. Back Up Protection Relay Setting MiCOM P14DL at LV Side
22
Relay Type: MiCOM P14DL
Protection Functions:, 50/51, 50N/51N, 67N 49, 81B 27B, 25
CT Ratio= 4000/1A
PT Ratio= 11000/110V
51
Rated current of three generator running togather=1157x3=3471A
considering 5% overload proposed current is set at 3644A
O/C Pickup current secondary value= 0.91 In
Transformer secondary should not trip for grid system fault
Tripping time for maximum fault is selected greater than Zone-3 time and less than hV side
trip time
Selected Trip time= 1.0 Sec
CT Secondary Current at Maximum Fault= (17702.1/3644)= 4.86
Selected Curve IDMT SI
Therefore Selected TMS= 0.23
51N
Start current for 1 Phase fault 20% of CT nominal current.
E/F Pickup current secondary value= 0.2In
Tripping time for maximum fault is selected greater than generator trip time
Selected Trip time= 0.6 Sec
maximum earth fault at 11kv is 1157*5=5785A
CT Secondary Current at Maximum Fault= (5785/4000*0.2)= 7.2
Selected Curve IDMT SI
Therefore Selected TMS= 0.17
67N
considering generator single phase fault level =1157*5=5786A
Start current for 1 Phase fault 20% of CT nominal current.
E/F Pickup current secondary value= 0.2In
Tripping time should be minimum
Selected Trip time= 0.3 Sec
Selected Curve DT
50N- Not recommended
Relay Settings
GROUP 1 OVERCURRENT
I>1 Function IEC S Inverse
I>1 Direction Non-Directional
I>1 Current Set 0.91 A
I>1 TMS 0.230
I>1 tRESET 0 s
I>2 Status Disabled
I>3 Status Disabled
I>4 Status Disabled
I> Char Angle 45.00 deg
I> Blocking 001111
23
GROUP 1 EARTH FAULT 1
IN1> Input Measured
IN1>1 Function IEC S Inverse
IN1>1 Direction Non-Directional
IN1>1 Current 200.0 mA
IN1>1 TMS 0.17
IN1>1 tRESET 0s
IN1>2 Function DT
IN1>2 Direction Directional- Fwd
IN1>2 Current 200.0 mA
IN1>2 TMS 0.3Sec
IN1>3 Status Disabled
IN1>4 Status Disabled
IN1> Blocking 001111
IN1> DIRECTIONAL
IN1> Char Angle -45.00 deg
IN1> Pol Zero Sequence
IN1> VNpol Set 5.000 V
iv. MiCOM P742: Breaker Fail & Bus bar Protection
DEAD ZONE PROT
On a feeder, if the isolators or the breaker is open, a dead zone (or end zone) is said to exist
between the open element and the CT. The P74x peripheral units can protect this zone with the
Dead Zone protection. This is a simple time delayed overcurrent and earth fault element which
is only active when a dead zone is identified in the local topology.
I>DZ must be below 80% of the minimum Dead Zone fault level (and if possible bigger than
the maximum load). Proposed value 1.2*In
I>DZ Time delay must be at least 50ms if the CB status positions are used (any value
otherwise)
Proposed value 0.3Sec
CB FAIL SETTINGS
If the pick-up current of the breaker backup function is set too low there is a risk that the
breaker backup protection will not reset quickly enough after a circuit-breaker has been
successfully tripped. This can be the result of decaying oscillations in the CT secondary circuit.
Conversely, the breaker backup protection may fail to operate if the setting is too high.
Proposed Setting of CB fail Pickup is 0.2*In
First trip time is circuit-breaker operating time plus arc ignition time, the circuit breaker’s
opening operating time is less than 30 ms and the max. arcing time is less than the 22 ms in
accordance to IEC60056. considering a time margin t1 is prpoosed 150ms timer t2 is selected
additional breaker trip time of 50ms adding with t1 timer t2 is proposed 200ms
24
Setting recommendation
GROUP 1 DEAD ZONE PROT
I>DZ Current Set 1.200 A
I>DZ Time Delay 0.300 s
IN>DZ Cur. Set Disabled
GROUP 1 CB FAIL
Control By I<
I< Current Set 0.2A
GROUP 1 Internal Trip
CB Fail Timer 1 150.00 ms
CB Fail Timer 2 200.0 ms
GROUP 1 External Trip
CB Fail Timer 3 150.00 ms
CB Fail Timer 4 200.0 ms
4. BUS COUPLER FEEDER
i. Protection Relay Setting MiCOM P14DL
Relay Type: MiCOM P14DL
Protection Functions: 50/51, 50N/51N
CT Ratio= 2000/1A
PT Ratio= 132000/110V
51
Start current of phase over current is considering Bus bar current rating 2000A
Therefore O/C Pickup current secondary value= 1.0 In
Tripping time for maximum fault is selected greater than Zone-3 and 67 time of line feeder
Selected Trip time= 1.2 Sec
CT Secondary Current at Maximum Fault= (21310/2000)= 10.65
Selected Curve IDMT SI
Therefore Selected TMS= 0.4
50
Start current of phase over current is considering Bus current rating 2000 A
definite Trip time selected= 2 Sec (delayed tripping)
51N
Start current for single Phase fault 20% of CT nominal current.
E/F Pickup current secondary value= 0.2In
Tripping time for maximum fault is selected greater than Zone-3 and 67N time of line feeders
Selected Trip time= 1.2 Sec
CT Secondary Current at Maximum Fault= (15050/2000*0.2)= 37.62
Selected Curve IDMT SI
25
Therefore Selected TMS= 0.6
50N- Not recommended
Relay Settings
GROUP 1 OVERCURRENT
I>1 Function IEC S Inverse
I>1 Direction Non Directional
I>1 Current Set 1.000 A
I>1 TMS 0.40
I>1 tRESET 0 s
I>2 Function DT
I>2 Direction Non-Directional
I>2 Current Set 1.000 A
I>2 TMS 2 Sec
I>2 tRESET 0 s
I>3 Status Disabled
I>4 Status Disabled
I> Char Angle 45.00 deg
I> Blocking 001111
GROUP 1 EARTH FAULT 1
IN1> Input Measured
IN1>1 Function IEC S Inverse
IN1>1 Direction Non Directional
IN1>1 Current 200.0 mA
IN1>1 TMS 0.6
IN1>1 tRESET 0s
IN1>2 Status Disabled
IN1>3 Status Disabled
IN1>4 Status Disabled
ii. Breaker failure & Busbar protection relay setting MiCOM P741
Relay Type: MiCOM P741
Protection Functions: Bus differential
CT Ratio= 2000/1A
Check Zone parameter;
The use of a "check zone" element is based on the principle that in the event of a fault on one
of the substation busbars, the differential current measured in the faulty zone will be equal to
that measured in the entire scheme.
The P74x scheme will only trip a particular busbar zone if that zone differential element AND
the check zone element are in agreement to trip. The principal advantage of this element is
total insensitivity to topological discrepancies. Under such circumstances the "check zone"
element will see two currents with equal amplitude but of opposite sign in adjacent zones.
26
The Check Zone characteristic is determined from the following protection settings:
Area above the IDCZ>2 High-set check zone differential current threshold setting and
the set slope of the bias characteristic (kCZ × Ibias)
kCZ is the percentage bias setting (“slope”) for the Check Zone and recommended value 30%
for solid earth system
IDCZ>2 should be higher than maximum line loading of any feeder.
Maximum line loading considering parallel operation of line is considered as 1200A
Adding 20% margin the value IDCZ>2 is selected 1440A
Zone Parameter:
The operation of the busbar differential protection is based on the application of an algorithm
having a biased characteristic, in which a comparison is made between the differential current
and a bias or restraining current. A trip is only permitted if this differential current ID>2
exceeds the set slope K2 of the bias characteristic.
MiCOM recomnds slope K2 equlal to 65% for solid earth system.
ID>2 should be higher than maximum line loading of any feeder.
Maximum line loading considering parallel operation of line is considered as 1200A
Adding 20% margin the value ID>2 is selected 1440A
Differential current alarm Setting:
The setting is given as a percentage of the minimum fault current setting or maximum line
loading . A typical setting given is ID>1 = 5% of maximul line loading value.
Proposed ID>1= 80A
Differential Current Alarm Delay Setting A typical setting according to the manual is Time
Delay for ID>1 = 5 s.
GROUP 1 DIFF BUSBAR PROT
GROUP 1 CZ Parameters
Phase Slope kCZ 30.00 %
IDCZ>2 Current 1440 A
GROUP 1 Zone Parameters
Phase Slope k2 65.00 %
ID>2 Current 1440 A
GROUP 1 Common
ID>1 Current 80.0 A
Phase Slope k1 10.00 %
ID>1 Alarm Timer 5.000 s
Diff Earth Fault Disabled
iii. MiCOM P742: Breaker Fail Protection
DEAD ZONE PROT
On a feeder, if the isolators or the breaker is open, a dead zone (or end zone) is said to exist
between the open element and the CT. The P74x peripheral units can protect this zone with the
27
Dead Zone protection. This is a simple time delayed overcurrent and earth fault element which
is only active when a dead zone is identified in the local topology.
I>DZ must be below 80% of the minimum Dead Zone fault level (and if possible bigger than
the maximum load). Proposed value 1.2*In
I>DZ Time delay must be at least 50ms if the CB status positions are used (any value
otherwise)
CB FAIL SETTINGS
If the pick-up current of the breaker backup function is set too low there is a risk that the
breaker backup protection will not reset quickly enough after a circuit-breaker has been
successfully tripped. This can be the result of decaying oscillations in the CT secondary circuit.
Conversely, the breaker backup protection may fail to operate if the setting is too high.
Proposed Setting of CB fail Pickup is 0.2*In
First trip time is circuit-breaker operating time plus arc ignition time, the circuit breaker’s
opening operating time is less than 30 ms and the max. arcing time is less than the 22 ms in
accordance to IEC60056. considering a time margin t1 is prpoosed 150ms
timer t2 is selected additional breaker trip time of 50ms adding with t1 timer
t2 is proposed 200ms
Group 1
GROUP 1 DEAD ZONE PROT
I>DZ Current Set 1.200 A
I>DZ Time Delay 0.300 s
IN>DZ Cur. Set Disabled
GROUP 1 CB FAIL
Control By I<
I< Current Set 0.2A
GROUP 1 Internal Trip
CB Fail Timer 1 150.00 ms
CB Fail Timer 2 200.0 ms
GROUP 1 External Trip
CB Fail Timer 3 150.00 ms
CB Fail Timer 4 200.0 ms
28
