FACULTY OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
__________________________________________________
SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING
BFC 32702
__________________________________________________
PROJECT : THE SUSTAINABILITY AT CONSTRUCTION SITE, PARIT HAJI KADIR
LECTURER: Ts. SYED BURHANUDDIN HILMI BIN SYED MOHAMAD
GROUP 11: SECTION 4
NO. NAME [Link]
1. NATASHA ADZUREEN BINTI SHAZALI AF160100
2. LIDYA NAJIHA BINTI NASARULLAH AF160020
3. NORAZLINA BT ABDUL BARUDIN AF160083
4. NUR E`ZZATI BT HASHIM AF 160027
5. NURUL FAZLIYANA BT ABDUL RAHIM AF160044
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CONTENT PAGE
Chapter 1 : Introduction 3
1.1) Background Company 4
1.2) Objectives 5
1.3) Location 5
Chapter 2 : Literature Review 6
Chapter 3 : Methodology 8
Chapter 4 : Discussion 11
Chapter 5 : Recommendation 13
Chapter 6 : Conclusion 14
Appendices 15
References 19
1
BACKGROUND OF GROUP MEMBERS
NUR E`ZZATI BT HASHIM (AF 160027)
NATASHA ADZUREEN BINTI SHAZALI (AF160100)
NURUL FAZLIYANA BT ABDUL RAHIM
(AF160044)
NORAZLINA BT ABDUL BARUDIN (Af160083)
LIDYA NAJIHA BINTI NASARULLAH ( AF160020)
2
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION
A site visit to construction site was conducted on 25th of April 2019. We under subject
Sustainable Construction Engineering (BFC32703). We are given task to interview the project
manager of the site visit about sustainable approach that they are practiced or used in their
construction.
Sustainability in construction has become a key factor for the successful completion of
construction projects. In accordance to the raising attention from governments,
non-governmental institutions and the general public to environmental issues the construction
industry faces the challenge to incorporate sustainable criteria when planning and executing
projects (Ofori, 1992).
The construction industry plays important roles to put the concept of sustainability into
practice. Although essential for development, it can be described as major consumer of natural
resources and potential polluter of environment. A proper raw materials and waste management
can positively contribute to the realisation of sustainable construction. Especially components
and parts of buildings at their end of life time are a source for the realisation of benefits from
resource preservation as well avoidance of greenhouse gas emission and waste (Guy and Shell,
2002).
The management of a construction project in a sustainable way should focus on the entire
process from an early design stage towards the final product, and on the benefits and negative
impacts that are to be expected during the life of the facility. The government of Malaysia really
support the sustainability in our beloved country. The Ninth Malaysian Plan or “Rancangan
Malaysia ke-9” is a planning blueprint of Malaysia was created that has considered sustainable
development in its policies. Besides, an Environmental Performance Index Study ranks of
Malaysia, we in ninth among 133 countries based on efforts that taken to reduce environmental
stress on human health and ecosystem protection vitality.
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1.1) Background of company
We choose the Aymas Group to complete our task. The Aymas Group main office is
located at Wisma Dato’ Mahmood, Kampung Parit Jelutong, Parit Raja which is near with our
university (UTHM). It also have managing office at Parit Raja and Pura Kencana, Johor. The
Project Manager name is Mr. Saiful Fauzi Bin Muhammad.
Aymas Enterprise or right now we know as Aymas Group was established in 1997 by
first generation, with begin as contractor’s class F with the less facilities and equipment. The
name of Aymas came from Air Emas or in English is Gold Water, but because of the mistake
during the company’s registration, it becomes Aymas.
Aymas Group is the construction company that contributes many type of business around
Malaysia. This year 2019, with trustful and integrity the company overcomes all the hardships
and become contractor’s class B. This company also registered under Construction Industry
Development Board.
It also conduct 7 subsidiary company that exclude hardware store and Perodua company. It
will open hardware store just around the corner. The example of subsidiary company’s work
such as build and renovate house, related with civil engineering works, distributor of colour paint
and also supplier of the aggregate, sand, soil and building materials.
The target of Aymas Group to their subsidiary company is every month they should have get
one million Ringgit as their achievement and mission for the company. The vision of this
company is to minimize the waste, recycle the waste and keep the sustainability of every project
as much as they can help to improve our environment quality. By using sustainable building
materials, we can conserve energy and save money. The more we reuse products, the less we
acquire new products and deplete world resources.
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1.2) Objectives
a) To make links between theory and practice: what we have learnt in class and what
actually goes in real practice or industry.
b) To identify the strategies that has been implemented at visited project.
c) To learn how the project is managed from start until the project is finished.
1.3) Location
Figure 1: The location of Aymas Group office, WISMA DATO MAHMOOD TL PJ 27, 1,
Kampung Parit Jelutong,86400 Parit Raja, Johor
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CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW
A green building or a sustainable building is a structure that is designed, built, renovated,
operated, or reuse in an ecological and resource - efficient manner. There are a few aspects such
as sustainable site design, water quality and conservation,indoor environment quality, material
and resources and energy and environment that need to be considered by the professionals
involved in order to make a building as economical and environmentally-friendly as it possibly
can.
Green building index (GBI) is formed in 2009 under the initiative of Malaysian
Institution of Architect (PAM) and association of Consulting Engineer Malaysia (ACEM), Green
Building Index (GBI) provides an opportunity for developers and building owners to design and
construct green sustainable buildings that can provide energy saving, water savings, a healthier
indoor environment, better connectivity to public transport and the adoption of recycling and
greenery to reduce the impact on the environment. GBI not only promotes sustainability in the
built environment but it also raises awareness about environment issues among the industry
players.
Since the establishment of GBI, the assessment has been expanded to cover
non-residential new construction, residential new construction, non-residential existing building,
industrial new construction, industrial existing building and township. Buildings are awarded the
GBI Malaysia rating score based on six key criteria including energy efficiency, indoor
environment quality, sustainable site planning and management, material and resources, water
efficiency and innovation.
For our project requirement, the Aymas Group succeed to applied the concept of Green Building
Index towards their process of construction for most of the project that they built including the
project that we went to visit for this group [Link] manage to maintain the sustainable site
design by preservation of the environmental assets around the site. They also having a good site
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planning and management which are they also focus on provision of greenery, community
connectivity and also the workers site amenities. When they used the sustainable building
materials, they conserve the energy and cost of expenses. The more they reuse the products, the
less they acquire new products and deplete world resources. Aymas group also use water
efficiency strategies for sustainable building by using water recycling concept. This totally
shows that they always improving their quality of building in the standard of Green Building
Index standard.
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CHAPTER 3 : METHODOLOGY
The aim for this project is able to comparing the ideal implementation of management
and sustainable approaches with the real practices at construction site. It is important to get an
appropriate information in order to increase students understanding on the topics learned in the
[Link] this methodology, our group conducted a site visit and interview a project manager of
Aymas Group, Mr. Saiful for knowledge and information sharing towards the application of
sustainability approach and construction management in a real practice.
1) Self-introduction
It is important to introduce yourself because it shows your ability to meet new people
confidently. It makes other feel more comfortable and allow you to make a good first impression.
Knowing how to introduce yourself helps you “break the ice” when meeting new people.
Before starting the interview session, our group leader introduced himself on our behalf
to project manager, Mr. Saiful. In addition, our group leader told us about our name, the faculty
we came from and what years we were in. By introducing it, it will make communication and
interaction among us easier. Furthermore, we also get a little bit of information about company
background from Mr. Saiful before proceed to interview session.
Figure 2 : After the “ice breaking” session with Mr Saiful
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2) Interview session
For this part, each of group members is allowed to question whether about the
management of sustainable construction or otherwise in related with the course. We prepared 20
questions related to all the knowledge acquired through the theory taught in the lecture as well
the application of sustainability approach and construction management. With this interview
session, we can achieve the goal of this project with the answers given by the project manager in
comparing the ideal implementation of management and sustainable approaches with the real
practices at construction site.
Figure 3: Interview session with project manager of Aymas Group, Mr. Saiful.
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3) Site visit
To maximize time for discussion, a site visit for the Sustainable Construction
Management class was organized by Mr. Saiful on 25 April 2019. The location of construction
project for residential house was at Parit Haji Abdul Kadir, Parit Raja. The agenda of the visit
consists of in-depth explanation by the project manager on the operation of the project. At the
end of the session, there was questioning and answering session between the our group and Mr.
Saiful.
The purpose of this site visit is to provide us with sound knowledge on how the
sustainable construction management being handled throughout the whole project. The
understanding of the construction management practice can be a good basis for students like us
in order for attaining perspective of the construction management and sustainable approaches in
real life situation. Furthermore, this site can assist us on knowledge for the preparation of their
future career.
Figure 4 : The site visit to the construction site at Parit Haji Abdul Kadir, Parit Raja
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CHAPTER 4 : DISCUSSION
We conduct the site visit and interview session to get more experiences and also lessons
in the class to make us more familiar with the sustainable construction management. Sustainable
building approach is considered as a way for the building industry to move towards achieving
sustainable development taking into account environmental, socio and economic issues.
Industrialised Building System (IBS) can be defined in all aspects of construction either at the
factory or at the site of the factory under strict quality control and minimum of wet activities site.
However, Malaysia is still applying conventional methods which are often not sustainable
especially in Parit Raja.
However, IBS can be perceived as an alternative option in maintaining sustainability in
construction. It can better control human resources and cost, shorten construction period and
increase the quality of buildings, and enhance occupational health and safety (Blismas et al.
2005; Luo et al. 2008). In addition, the most advantageous solutions to reduced construction
waste are based on IBS (Jaillon et al. 2009; Baldwin et al. 2009). Hence, by examining these
advantages, IBS can easily be considered as one of the most appropriate ways to serve
sustainable building projects.
For information, company Aymas Group did not implemented Building Information
Modelling (BIM) due to cost and demand from clients but BIM is ideally suited to the delivery
of information enabling improved design and building performance. Traditionally CAD-based
design requires a great deal of human intervention and the whole process is time-consuming and
costly. However, with BIM, designers can optimize the building design efficiently in the very
early stages of the whole process and produce a better solution.
The development of infrastructures is part of the living environment; it is very much
affecting the living conditions, social well-being and health (Manaf et al., 2009). Because of the
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higher demand in new development, a significant amount of waste generated may also increase.
For the company Aymas Group, they managed the construction waste by made a hole and
thrown into the hole and also can burn. Thus, there are various initiatives implemented by the
company to resolve the issues on construction waste with the real practices.
In addition, some materials are recyclable on site, in particular, concrete that can be
crushed and used for foundations or as aggregate beneath parking lots. Similarly, the Aymas
Group company basically recycle the formwork that made from wood and the maximum used for
3 times. Wood is another major construction and demolition waste that can be put into valuable
reuse in the construction industry. Moreover, wood can often be reused in new building
projects if the dimensions of the timber are appropriate, being a versatile material (Winkler,
2010). In light-framed wood structures, wood has considerably more value in reuse than in
recycling and makes possible the avoidance of very heavy machinery in disassembly, giving
opportunity for hand deconstruction (Guy et al.,2006).
The quality of scheduling and allocation of resources during project planning has a high
impact on the outcome and fulfillment of the objectives of the project. Common project
management in practice, especially in the construction industry focuses on the economic and is
often conducted with simple techniques such as Gantt charts and Critical Path Method (CPM).
Besides, green building is a way of enhancing the environment, which benets human well
being, community, environmental health, and life-cycle costs (Adler et al. 2006). Instead of
simply regarding green building as an assembly of new materials, technologies, and other pieces
of environment-friendly innovations, it should be a holistic solution to achieve the concept of
sustainable development in the project life cycle including project planning, designing,
constructing, and operating. Although initial costs of green construction can be higher than
conventional method, it is widely held that longer-term cost savings in operations and
maintenance can help recover those costs.
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CHAPTER 5 : RECOMMENDATION
As the sustainability awareness rises globally, the construction industry is under
increasing pressure to improve efficiency and project delivery. From our observation from the
site visit, the construction companies are still unconvinced about adopting Industrialised
Building Systems (IBS). One of the reason is to contractors, IBS is not always the best option in
regards to on-site construction methods based on various projects characteristics and available
resources. Plus the demand from the client regarding IBS was not too high thus it makes the
price market for the IBS still increase.
The implementation of (IBS), for which utility components are built offsite, has the
potential of promoting sustainability deliverables. IBS has also been identified by the researchers
as an approach to lessen the transportation frequency and on-site labours during the construction
stage. This can be achieved by better control of production environment, minimising
construction waste, using efficient building material energy, and stabilising work [Link]
order for the construction industry towards sustainability, there are a few recommendations that
can be taken:
1) Start doing more IBS projects than the non-IBS ones as they can reduce the use of
concrete and reinforce the structural components and more profitable.
2) Have a proper planning and strategies in dealing with IBS to prevent unnecessary
additional cost, unpleasant community disturbance and decrement of environment
performance
3) Installing rainwater tanks or solar hot water systems can reduce reliance on natural
resources
4) Minimising construction waste by reduce waste which mean less mistake in designing by
provide detailed plans and instructions so estimators and contractors can provide accurate
material takeoffs
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5) Some materials can be recycled directly into the same product for re-use such as the
formwork, timber scaffolding, bracing, pallets and larger lengths of timber.
CHAPTER 6 : CONCLUSION
As the conclusion, we learning a lot when visiting the site. Our group learned that the
management of the construction is very important to avoid any problems that may arise during
the day. Indirectly, the will of the project will run smoothly.
The Aymas Group is still implementing the traditional construction which refers to the
methods and technique to build houses and other structures from the early design to the building
process, are hands on. The advantage of traditional construction techniques, particularly in
housing construction, but also in industrial building, is the level of uniqueness achieved. When
working with an architect, a consumer has choice and freedom to modify; the architect has the
option of creativity. When more modern construction techniques are utilized, most homes are
built in a similar style. In the case of modular homes, the components are fabricated at a factory
to be constructed on site quickly. The use of traditional construction techniques often results in a
sturdier home of higher quality. But the disadvantage of using traditional methods of
construction for housing and other building is that the process takes longer. The construction
process is more involved and can require hiring higher-skilled designers and builders. This can
add significant construction costs; materials and labor are more expensive.
But what we can said, when a project used the IBS system, time can be reduced and the
use of workforce can be reduced. This can reduce the cost of building a project. Evidently,
sustainability in construction and IBS technique are beneficial to the people, particularly and the
country, on the whole. This can happen in countries like Malaysia where due to the shortage of
labours, the construction industry is forced to import huge numbers of unskilled workers, who
could unfortunately cause some problems such as incompetency, delays in completion of the
projects, social problems and wastages (Hamid et al. 2008). From the site visit, a lot of input and
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information was attained by our group on how sustainable construction management works in a
project and how beneficial it is to use it in a project.
APPENDICES
No. Question Answer
1. What is sustainable development? Sustainable development is the way we tried to
balance the improvement of lifestyle and
wellbeing also the preserving natural resources
and ecosystems.
2. Why it is important to develop the It is important to alter or improve our
sustainable concept in conventional way of development into a more
construction? responsible approach which can satisfy our needs
for development without harming the world we
live.
3. What are the benefits if we are It will give the healthy work environment and
implement the sustainable will enable the construction players to be more
development in construction? responsible to the environmental protection needs
without neglecting the social and economic needs
in striving for better life.
4. In your opinion, what are the effect For the construction, it always uses a new
for the company when they do not material and it can be recycled. It also will
apply the concept of sustainability? involve of the costing. But for the company that
not applied it and do not know about the
sustainable they will living material that is not
used is just there and labelled it. Whereas that
material can make of money.
5. In your experience, what are the The obstacles are conflict between workers and
clients. Besides, staying within the budget and
challenges and obstacles of
time management.
sustainable as a project manager at
this company?
6. How do you implement sustainable The way we are tried to implement sustainable
concept in your project concept in our project, we are tried to minimize
construction? resource consumption and maximize resource
reuse. For example, we are using recycle
15
materials in order to implement sustainable
concept.
7. Who are involved the in Now we have project house construction and
construction process? normally we are hiring one engineer for one
project house construction or one engineer for
one zone. Each zone has one supervisor that
manages the project.
8. Based on your experienced how Basically, we have own schedule and it is consist
long the construction process will the durations of the construction process. For the
finish? Has the project faced delay? personal house the durations of the construction
process is six months and it will stated in the
agreement. The duration stated actually included
all the obstacles such as the rainy season. But for
Rumah Taman, it involves many parties. For
example, if mechanical and electrical works
delay, so it will effect for the next process of the
construction. Normally the main reasons of delay
because we are waiting for the third parties.
9. What is the effect of delay work in The effect of delay work will give the biggest
the construction process? impact in term of loss of profit. For example, our
company usually will rent the machine like
pilling machine, excavator and others. The
payment per day of all machineries involving
thousand Ringgit. So when the delay work
occurs, we have no choice to keep continuing pay
the amount of rent. From that, we have loss some
profit.
10. For the scheduling, did your Depending on the project requirement. Basically,
company still using Gantt Chart? gantt chart have a lots of benefits for the
construction management. One of the biggest
benefits of a Gantt chart is the tool's ability to boil
down multiple tasks and timelines into a single
document. Stakeholders throughout an
organization can easily understand where teams
are in a process while grasping the ways in which
independent elements come together toward
project completion. For project managers and
resource schedulers, the benefits of a Gantt chart
include the ability to sequence events and reduce
the potential for overburdening team members.
Some project managers even use combinations of
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charts to break down projects into more
manageable sets of tasks.
11. In your opinion, what are the effect In your opinion, what are the effect of the
of the construction process if we construction process if we don’t follow the
don’t follow the schedule that have schedule that have been provided.
been provided.
12. We have been identified one of Yes, we are still using the recycled concept in our
your project house construction is project house construction. For example,
located at Taman Mutiara Perdana. basically our formwork are from wood and we
Are that project applied recycle recycle the formwork and the maximum used is 3
materials concept? times.
13. How you manage the construction The way we manage the construction waste by
waste? made a hole and all the waste are thrown into the
hole and also can burn.
14. How was the construction process Every site will divide by zone and every zone will
in terms of safety? be hiring one supervisor that monitor and guard
that site. The supervisor will handle about safety
and make sure that the workers use or wear all the
PPE especially safety boot at the site during
construction works.
15. If you don’t mind, can you share Basically the new improvement for the street
the new improvement of vendor, we are using common asbestos ceiling.
construction? Now days, we can change the asbestos ceiling to
the plastic ceiling. That is one of new
improvement in construction.
16. Based on your opinion, are our Based on my opinion, our country are not familiar
country is commonly applied IBS with IBS concept. When they are not familiar
concept? with IBS, the market demand is decreasing and
the cost of construction of IBS is high. Basically,
in Malaysia we are using open market. So the
client are looking for the lower cost rather than
high cost.
17. During your experience as a project Based on my experiences, we are still using
manager, what are commonly used traditional method. But the only certain
or demand by client, either construction project we are using Industrialised
traditional methods or IBS Building System (IBS). It totally depends on that
(Industrialised Building System) project.
for construction building?
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18. How is green building different In a conventional building, the people
than conventional building? responsible for designing, constructing, and
operating the building may not meet each
other until well into the project, at the end, or
never. Green building uses an integrative
project approach which brings people
together at the front end to collaborate and
share ideas that can enhance building
performance and save money during
construction and building operation.
19. What is BIM ( Building Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a digital
Information System ) representation of physical and functional
characteristics of a facility. A BIM is a shared
knowledge resource for information about a
facility forming a reliable basis for decisions
during its life-cycle; defined as existing from
earliest conception to demolition.
20. In your opinion, do you aware the If in terms of necessity, it should be necessary
benefits of BIM (Building because it is more to the sustainable. Based on the
Information Modelling)? Did it demand, when demand is low the price will high.
implemented or not in your For now, the price is still unsuitable due to low of
company? demand. So the price is not suitable for use.
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