Title Page Format:

TITLE
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A System Analysis and Design Project

In partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN __________________________________ (BSIT) or (BSCpE)

Submitted by:

(NAME OF THE PROPONENT)

MONTH AND YEAR

DOCUMENTATION FORMAT

Research Format
 In writing a thesis or dissertion or any other research writing project, a writer should follow a
certain format. Research format is skeletal framework in writing a research paper. It gives a guidance
and direction in the writing of the paper.

There is no specific pattern or standard format to be followed for successful and effective
research writing. The format of a research paper according to the requirements of a research
educational institution, research funding institution provides a specific format to be followed in writing
research proposal to enable them to easily find their specific requirement. But for the propose thesis
writing the thesis coordinator suggest the format used in the chapters.

Title Page

It includes the title of the thesis; the name of the college to be presented in partially fulfillment
of the requirement of the course, the name of the proponent(s) and the year of the thesis should be
finished. (See the Title Page Format)

Approval Sheet

It includes the approval of the proponent(s) adviser, the committee of the oral examiners and the
acceptance of the College Dean. (See the Approval Sheet Format)

Dedication/Acknowledgement

It includes the name of the person who helped and became an instrument of the proponent(s) for
the fulfillment of their Thesis study. In this section, the proponent(s) expresses thanks to his/her
sponsors, to the adviser and to the panel and thesis committee and to other person who have, in one
way or another, extended to him/her some support, counsel or encouragement, included also are close
to family member, and the editor and the librarians.

Thesis Abstract

It is the summary of the study that gives a little background of the research, which proponent(s)
was done. It will depend on the requirements of the college. An abstract of approximately 300 to 350
words (1 ½ to 2 pages) is advisable. It will prepared in concise, well-written abstract that will aptly
describe the topic or problem of the research work, its significance, the method and techniques used,
the data how they were analyzed and interpreted and possibly what result were found. (See thesis
Abstract Format)

Table of Contents

It includes the listing of all chapters, major headings, and the subheading discussed in the thesis
or study. It also includes the appendices, list of tables and figures as well as the illustrations, end note
(if any) and the bibliography. It should be informative and detailed as possible since the thesis does not
usually carry and index.

List of Figures and Tables

It is like the table of contents that list of all the figures and tables included in the thesis of study.

Chapter I
Introduction and its Background
(3 single spaces)
 The introduction gives the background of the project for conducting the study. A good
introduction should contain a discussion of any or all of the following:

a. Presentation of the problem

b. The existence of unsatisfactory condition, a felt problem that needs a solution.
c. Show the rationale and justification of choosing the subject.
d. Historical or background of the problem.
e. Geographical condition of the study locale.
f. A link between the introduction and the statement of the problem.

1.1 Background of the Study

(2 spaces)

This section includes the setting of the identified research problem. The presentation should be
directed into what the problem is investigating. It can include studies and literature, which can
strengthen the reason for the investigation. The flow of the discussion should lead to the presentation of
the problem.

1.2 Conceptual Framework/Theoretical Framework

(2spaces)

The framework is the coverage of the study in terms of the parameters of the subject being
covered. The whole component of the objective problems will help identify the framework.

The conceptual framework presents relationship between the specifics like factors and
perceptions stand and direction of the writer in the preparation. It clarifies the relationship between and
among major variables of the study. This scheme is the researchers own position on the problem. An
explanation of the problem or phenomenon to be studied after his review of various literature and
studies which gives exposure to various concept and theories that have bearing on the problem.

Consists of the investigator’s own position on a problem after his exposure to various theories
that have bearing on the problem. It is the researcher’s new model which has its roots on the previous
model which the researcher has studied.

Paradigm – it is a diagrammatic representation of a conceptual framework. It depicts a more

vivid way what the conceptual framework is.

It may be an adoption of the model used in a previous study with modification that will fit the
present study. It is the investigator’s model which is taken from the previous model that the researcher
studied, analyzed and interpreted leading to the production of new conceptual framework.

Example:
Context Input Process Product Model (CIPP)
- Developed by Daniel Stufflebeam and Egon Guba (Stufflebeam , 1975)

CIPP model has four types of education decision

1. Planning Decision - to determine the objectives
2. Structuring Decision - to design instructional procedure
3. Implementing Decision - to us, monitor and improve the procedure
4. Recycling Decision - to judge and reach the outcome produced by
the procedure

CONTEXT
PROCESS
Variables
Beneficiaries
The Research
Cover system
Or the
Covered
Studies
PRODUCT
INPUT
The Benefits
Need and
Opportunities
opportunities
and output

Figure 1.0
Research Paradigm
CONTEXT/INPUT - It consist of people directly involve to the study or possible
inputs needed to be supplied to the process ( info based from data
gathering)
PROCESS - - the software itself and the covered study which represent the
universal of the thesis topic.
PRODUCT/OUTPUT - expected out come of the study after using the
system or after validating the study.

The theoretical framework is a tentative explanation of theoretical explanation of the

phenomenon or problem and serves as the basis for the formulation research studies. It consists of
briefly discussion of the related studies and literature and the synthesis. Also it includes all the possible
paradigm used in developing the study.
Examples:

Software Engineering Paradigms

A paradigm for software engineering is chosen based on the nature of the project and
application, the methods and tools to be used, and the controls and deliverables required.

1. Classic SDLC/Waterfall Model

This model demands a systematic, sequential approach to software development that begins at the
system level and progresses through analysis, design, coding, tesing and maintenance.

System Engineering
Analysis
Design
Coding
Testing
Maintenance

Problems of Waterfall Model

1. Real project rarely follows the sequential flow that the model uses.
2. It is often difficult for the costumer to state all requirements explicity.
3. A working version of the system will be available late in the project cycle.
4. A major blunder can be disastrous.

2. Prototyping Paradigm

A process that enables the developer to create a model of the software

That must be built. The model can be:
a. PC-Model that depict human-machine interactions.
b. A working software that implements a subset of the function required of system or
c. An existing program that perform all or part of the funcltion desired but will be improved in the
development effort.
Problem of Prototyping
1. The user sees what appears to be the working version of the software.
2. The developer often makes implementation compromises in order to get a prototype working
quality.

3. Spiral Model

This model has been developed to encompass the best features of both the waterfalls model and
prototyping model, while at the same time adding a new element – risk analysis. The four activities
involved are planning, risk analysis, engineering and costumer evaluation.

With each iteration around the spiral (beginning at the center and working outward).
Progressively more complete version of the software are built.

Problem of Spiral Model

1. It may be difficult to convince large user (particularly in contract situation) that
evolutionary approach is controllable.
2. It is considerable risk assessment expertise, and relies on this expertise.

1. Fourth Generation Approach

It encompasses a broad array of software tools that enables the software developer to specify
the software requirements at high level and then automatically generates source code based on the
specification.
 It includes some or all of the following tools, non-procedural language for database query,
report generation, data manipulation, screen interaction and definition code generation and high-
level graphics capability.

Requirements
Gathering
Design
Strategy
Implementation
Being 4gl
Testing

Problem of 4GT/4GL
1. There is no 4GT/4GL environment that may be applied with equal facility to each of the
software application category.
2. Current 4GT/4GL tools are not sophisticated enough to accommodate truly “natural language”
3. Current application domain for 4GT/4GL is limited to business information system application.

1.1 Statement of the Problem

(2spaces)

This portion includes the objective of the study. The problem should be started both general
term and specific term. The general statement of the problem is usually reiteration of the title of the
study or thesis.

The specific should be a quantifiable and measurable. They should be specifically stated. The
specific question should be stated using the following guide question word. “How”, “Will”, “What”,
“Is there”, etc… The result of the statement of the problem is based on the evaluation of the
respondents through survey questionnaires an it was presented in Chapter 4 under the Presentation
Analysis and Interpretation and Result.

Example:

Statement of the Problem:

 1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of
1.1 Age
1.2 Sex
1.3 Status/Position
1.4 Etc….

2. What are the problem encountered by the respondents in terms of

Indicating all the possible problem encountered by the respondents why they’re
creating a study

3. What are the benefits and opportunities of the respondent in using the
software in terms of
Indicating all the benefits derived from the software products.

4. What is the software evaluation of the respondent with respect to

Give at least 10 software criteria:

Other possible problem that is possible included in this statement…

1.1 Hypothesis
(2spaces)

It is a simple guess about the project outcome/output to be accepted if found true as per the
data obtained, and rejected if found otherwise.

In creating the hypothesis the proponent choose two problems stated on their statement of
the problem and try to evaluate it through analysis and using their statistical treatment to evaluate
the hypothesis. The result of the hypothesis is base on the evaluation of the respondents through
survey questionnaires. And also this is included in the Chapter 4 after the result of the statement of
the problem.

This is an intelligent statement of the prediction expressed in a form of declarative sentence,

presented and analyzed using statistical tools in order to accept or reject the findings of the study. It
is defined as a conjectural statement of the relationship between two or more variables. )Mercado,
1997) Moreover, a hypothesis is an inference which has proven. It is a tentative formulation or
explanation about the expected outcome of the study presented in a null form. It expresses the
existence, attributes or significant relationship between variables included in the research. It
predicts what data will show and will give an acceptable reasons for the performance.

It is taken the specific problem of the study. It is a testable statement. It may be expressed in
two way namely:

The null hypothesis, which is a denial of an attributes, an existence, a difference or an

effect or relationship expressed in negative statement.

Example:
 “There is no significant difference between the problem
encountered by the respondents with respect to….

The alternative or operational form of hypothesis which affirm the existence of phenomenon.
Acceptance of the attributes of relationship effect and differences.

Examples:
“there is a significant difference between the problem encountered
by the respondents with respect to…

The use of the null hypothesis has become very popular in the thesis and dissertation because it
is easier to disprove. However, the recent trend is towards the use of the alternative hypothesis. It
provides a better modification to carry out the study.

Characteristics of a good hypothesis

1. It must be stated based on the specific question or problem of the study
2. It must be testable.
3. It must have a valid and acceptable conclusion.
4. It must be expressed in terms of cause and effect or comparative relationship among variables in
the study.

1.1 Assumption

It is the supposition that something is true (Webster, 1988). It is a statement that taken for
granted and not given attention in the discussion of the study. It is also a statement related to the
problem and presumed to be true and correct on the basis of experience or observation. It is used
when the researcher would just like to present statement about the expected outcome of the study.
This does not need to be proven using statistical computation to analyze the result.

An example of hypothesis and assumption are presented based on the

statement of the problem or objectives.

1.2 Significance of the Study

(2spaces)

In this section of the thesis, the author expresses the value or the importance of the research
study. It is where the significant contribution of the result of the study is enumerated. Such contribution
may be viewed from the point of the target beneficiaries like the researcher himself, service providers,
client, society etc.

It may also be view the contribution to the accumulation of knowledge, solving a problem
which improves certain conditions, refinement of concepts and theories, improvement of research
instrument and methods and meeting the priorities of instructions.

It indicate who are the different groups of beneficiaries, how will each group benefit from use
of study of software?

1.3 Scope and Limitation

(2spaces)

The scope and limitation includes the brief statement of the general purpose of the study and the
subject matter and topic studies and discussed. Also the population or universe from which the
respondents are selected. This must be a large enough to make generalization significant. Under
limitation of the study include the weaknesses of the study beyond the control of the proponents.

The scope identifies the boundaries or coverage of the study in terms of subject, facilities,
objectives, area, time duration of the issues to which the research is focused.

The limitation of the study defines the constraints or weakness of which are not within the
control of the writer, therefore they are not expected to be covered by the study.

1.4 Definition of Terms

(2spaces)

This section of the thesis includes important or key term that should be substantially and clearly
define according to how they are used in the study in order to facilitate understanding of the problem
and avoid ambiguous meaning to term which can be otherwise interpreted in different ways.

1.8.1 Operational Terms

- Terms related to study (ALPHABETICAL ORDER)
- It expresses the m`eaning of the term a used in a particular field of the study.
1.8.2 Technical Terms
- Computer terms (ALPHABETICAL ORDER)
- It usually taken from the books which carries a universal meaning easily
understood by people.

Chapter II
Review of Related Studies and Literature
(3 Single spaces)
 It is presented in topical form irrespective of whether they are local or foreign source, and not
necessary arrange in chronological order. The proponents of the thesis should give a brief summary of
the written literature and studies that have relationship with the present study.

2.1 Related Studies (Foreign and Local)

(2 spaces)

This are investigations that are usually unpublished materials like manuscripts, thesis and
dissertation’s which conducted previously to which the present study has similarity and relatedness.

note:
- Related Study must be written per paragraph.
- Have at least 5 local and 5 foreign sources.
- Give complete Title, Author and Year(studies)
- Give summary of previous studies, remember to indicate important points like objective
of the study, importance of the study, intended beneficiaries).
- Indicate mode of thesis presentation – language, methodology, type of technology
applied (i.e. multimedia), and type of software developed (i.e. expert system, utility, web
base, etc.)
- Indicate what were the conclusion/findings, possible recommendation made, etc. in the
chapter 5 of previous studies.
- Indicate what did the study have to say concerning the use of computers as applied to a
specific field.

2.2 Related Literature (Foreign and Local)

(2 spaces)

It is a written materials, information or article found in books, magazines, periodicals,

encyclopedias, journals, newspaper and other publication; speeches, letter, diaries, bulletins circular,
report that meet the required expression qualities to be called literature.

note:
- Related Literature must be written per paragraph
- Have at least 5 local and 5 foreign sources.
- Give complete Title, Author and Year (Literature)
- Give summary of previous studies, remember to indicate important points like objective
of the study, importance of the study, intended beneficiaries).
- Indicate mode of thesis presentation – language, methodology type of technology
applied (i.e. multimedia), type of software developed (i.e. expert system, utility, web
base, etc.)
- Indicate what were the conclusions/findings, possible recommendations made, etc. in
the chapter 5 of previous studies.
- Indicate what did the study have to say concerning the use of computers as applied to a
specific field.

2.3 Synthesis
(2spaces)
 This is the portion of the Review of Related Studies and Literature that presents the relationship
of the present study to the investigations being reviews. It summarized the emphasizes its relevance to
the current study.

Note:
Related Studies and Literature composed with at least 20 pages and above.

Chapter III
Research Methodology
(3 single spaces)
 It contains the comprehensive description of the research design, the research locals, the
samples and sampling techniques used, instrument and complete statistical analysis of the data to be
presented in the study.

3.1Research Design
(2 spaces)

It is detailed plan of action of how the research will be conducted. It refers to the scheme or
action plan used to meet the research objectives of the study. It contains a brief description of the
research design used and including the justification on why it is best method for the study. It is detailed
plan of action of how the research will be conducted. It refers to the scheme of action plan used to meet
the research objectives of the study. The quality of research output depends upon the research design or
methods used in the study.

Any research should, therefore, exercise a great level of judgment in selecting the appropriate
and effective methods of research in order to ensure the success of the attainment of the specific
objectives of the study.

Any or a combination of the following research design could be utilized depending on its
appropriateness to the study to be conducted. It contains a brief description of the research design to be
used and including the justification on why it is best method for the study, all AMACC thesis are either
under Descriptive Development Methods and Experimental Research Method for BS Computer
Science course. For BS Information Technology course it is best to used Descriptive Case Study
Method and Descriptive Feasibility Methods or choose on the methods used by the Bs Computer
Science Course.

Three Types of Research Methods

1. Descriptive Research Methodology

It is a general procedure employed in the studies that have for their chief purposes the
description of phenomena (Good, 1973). Travers (1978) refers this to a design which describes the
nature of a situation as it exist at the time of the study and to explore the course of a particular
phenomena.

This method is used to discover facts on which professional judgment could be based. It
involves the description, recording, analysis and interpretation of what it is. It is used in many fields
of investigation due to its applicability to solve different kinds of problem

Types of Descriptive Research

a. Survey – It is a systematic examination of the condition, situation or value in order to collect
data for the analysis of some aspect are or group. It is the investigation of the population or
group in terms of their economic, social, political, opinion and their knowledge, comments and
behavior towards a certain phenomenon.
b. Content Analysis – It is the objectives, systematic and quantitative evaluation of the content of
the document under study. It is otherwise known as “documentary analysis”. Using this method
will not entail the use of questionnaire or interview to gather the needed data. Data could be
taken from the document such as minutes of the meeting, business records, speeches,
newspaper, bulletin , journals and magazine. It is used in the research study, this research design
 could be called “Descriptive Content Analysis Methods”.
c. Case Study – It is a comprehensive, extensive and through study of an individual group,
institution or situation involved in the study over given period of time. This method requires
objectivity of fairness in presenting analyzing the findings of the study. The researcher should
act as a keen observer to the action that take place as a good recorder of the significant events
based on their observation. The used design could be “Descriptive Case Study Method”.
d. Feasibility Study – It is a systematic analysis of all factors needed to find the viability or
possibility of success of proposed undertaking like establishment of an institution, development
plan, management system, program marketing or teaching strategies etc. This design called
“Descriptive Feasibility Study”.
e. Developmental Method – It is a comprehensive, extensive and systematic developmental
analysis of all factors needed to find the viability of a certain phenomenon. This method
requires the validity of the objectives to develop a certain phenomenon to answer the problem
on the research study. This design called “Descriptive Developmental Study”.

1. Experimental Research Methodology

This research methods design used to discover information by utilizing experimentation.

It describes and analyzes variable to know the occurrence of a particular event. It is the most
prestigious methods in advancing scientific knowledge. This method used to manipulate and
control one or more variable used in the experiment. This method could be performed outside or
inside the laboratory condition.

Experimental Methods usually uses two (2) groups of subjects

a. Experimental Group – Subjected to the experimental Process.

b. Control Group – Not subjected to any experiment but they have some qualities that
otherwise similar to the experimental group in all significant aspects.

Experimental Design is always performed in replicates. This means that there are always two or
more set-up composed of the control of the group and experimental group.

1. Historical Method

Design which involves a critical writing of past experience, events and development in
order to provide helpful information and direction for present and future actions, it will enable
us to appreciate and understood ourselves as a people. Also enable to avoid our mistakes
committed in the past and serve as a guide in performing our work at present and in the future.

Historical data may be classified into two: namely document and relic
(Good and Gates, 1972)

1.2 Method Used in Developing and Evaluating the Software Product

(2 spaces)

It discuss the software paradigm used in implementing the software and explains how
 these paradigm steps were incorporated in developing the study and the software product as
well.

Also it will discuss what the software is by describing general features of

the software, intended users, operating environment required (DOS/Windows,
indicate version number).

Explain the language behind your program. Describe features of this language and why you
choose it above other languages. State that the complete source code could be found in the
corresponding section of the Appendixes.

1.3 Respondents Distribution

(2 spaces)

Provide the table for the breakdown of respondents; It includes the frequency distribution of the
respondents according to sex, age, profession or the course, and it gives narrative description and
explanation. This data will serves, as the qualified population of the whole universe and it is
responsible to answer and evaluate the research study.

1.4 Data Gathering Tools

(2 spaces)

Discusses the tools used in gathering of the data. The design follows the utilizing the
questionnaires and interview guide and the collection of the data through researching from the other
schools, library, museum and others to gathered an information suitable for the study.

It is also the basic information regarding the problem on hand may be taken from resource
person who are expert and knowledgeable about the problem, books, manual, magazine, bulletin,
newspaper, published and unpublished thesis and dissertion available in the library are also important
source of ideas. Broadcast media are also good source of data on the problem on hand. The data may be
gathered from these sources should be related and relevant to the existing problem.

1.5 Instruments Used

(2 spaces)

Discuss the sets of questionnaires used in the study based on its components and criteria. It is
set or orderly-arranged questions prepared to answers the specific problem of the study. It also discuss
the validity of the questionnaire to be answered by the respondents.

1.6 Administration and Retrieval

(2 spaces)

It discuss/describe how the proponent went about with the surveys and interviews to come-up
with the validity of the study. It describes the activity in presenting the study and the software to the
qualified respondents.

3.7 Population and Samples

(2 spaces)

The population covered in the study are those who are qualified respondents. Gets total
population of each beneficiary and determine samples size of respondents from given population. The
sample will represent the total universe of the population.

You can use the S lovin formula or Pagoso et al formula, to determine the sample size or by
putting a percentage for the total population.

Slovin (1960) presents a formula to determine the size of sample as follows

In your study, the size of your population is 10,000. What is the size of your sample if
you allow 2% margin of error? Using the above captioned formula the sample size could be computed
as follows:
N
n = ---------------------
1 + (N) (e) 2
Where:
n is the sample size
N is the population size
e is desired margin of error

example:

In your study, the size of your population is 10,000. What is the size of your sample if
you allow 2% margin of error? Using the above captioned formula the sample size could be computed
as follows:

10,000
n = -----------------------------
1 + 10,000 (0.02) 2

10,000
= ---------------------------
1 + 10,000 (0.0004)

10,000
= ---------------------------
1+4

10,000
= --------------------------
5
n = 2,000
 Therefore your representative sample is 2,000 out of 10,000.

3.8Statistical Treatment
(2 spaces)

It is the process of numerical presentation and analysis of the data gathered in consonance with
the specific problem or answering the hypothesis. Of the study. A careful choice of the appropriate
statistical tools is based on the hypothesis or specific problem for which the researcher is designed.

It discusses the statistical method used and why it was used in order to meet the applied
questionnaire in answering the stated problem and hypothesis.

It is possible to use any of the following statistical method based on the questionnaire and stated
problem given on the study.

1. Percentage methods
2. Weighted mean(using Lickert Scale)
3. Ranking (used for percentage and Weighted mean)
4. Test of the Significant like:
a. Z-test
b. T-test for independent Sample Means
c. T-test for dependent Sample Means
d. F-test (One way ANOVA)
e. Two-Way ANOVA
f. The Correlation
g. Chi-Square Test

Chapter IV
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
(3 single spaces)
 This chapter presents, analyzes and interprets the data gathered out of the instrument used in the
study presented according to the specific problem and answering the test of the hypothesis.

Data are factual information used as a basis for discussion or reasoning. They are also used to
strengthen the findings of the study. In thesis and dissertation writing these Information obtained as
products of the procedures In the methodology presented as the results of the study. The presentation is
usually guided by the specific objectives or problem of the research study.

The result of the study are presented using the data in the form of statistical tables called
TABULAR PRESENTATION, In the form graphs called GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION, and in the
form of sentences or statement called TEXTUAL PRESENTATION. It includes plain presentation of
figures in the table or the graphs.

Tabular Presentation is a method of presenting data using statistical table derived from
tabulation diagram or ‘talligram” which is contraption of “tally” and “diagram”. Tabulation diagram is
a horizontal and vertical lines forming a number of desired columns, which are systematically
determined out of the classes and sub classes involved in the study. After making tally, the statistical
table is finally presented purposely to facilitate easy analysis and Interpretation of data.

The statistical table should have the following part; the table number which is usually written in
Arabic is place at the center, above the title numbered consecutively throughout the research. Written
below the table number describing the subject matter or content or the data presented in the table. The
title is presented in V-shape or inverted pyramid form. The tables are presented in narrative form

Graphical Presentation is a diagram consisting of the line or lines showing the variation,
changes or relationship of the data in a most attractive, effective an convincing way. It is presented
according to their qualitative, geographical, chronological attributes and classified as follows:

1. BAR GRAPHS presented in a form of histogram or single horizontal or single vertical bar
graphs.

2. LINEAR GRAPHS presented in the form of band frequency polygon, etc

[Link], etc.

It includes the number usually as “Figures #” at the bottom of the graph, the title of the graph,
the scale which indicates the length or height unit representing a certain amount of the variables being
used in the graph. The source is usually written below the chart indicating the origin of the graph. Then
the presentations of the graph usually presented or explain in narrative form.

Textual Presentation uses statement or sentences with numeral in order to described the data
purposely to invite attention to some significant data. This presentation usually precedes that table or
the graph with mixture or words and numbers in statements. It includes comparative statement of the
finding of other studies to make some generalizations. This presentation is always strengthen by the
studies and literature presented in Chapter II and by the result of the interviews and observations.
 Table # 1.
Problem Encountered by the Student
In terms of Facilities

ITEM PERCENTAGE RANK INTERPRETATION

[Link] of available room 4.52 2 Strongly Agree
[Link] of laboratory equipment 4.40 3 Strongly Agree
[Link] of books available in 4.62 1 Strongly Agree
the library
Average Mean 4.51 ------- Strongly Agree

Table # 1. Shows the lack of available books available in the library is rank no.1 it
implies that there are problem encountered therefore…..

Tabular Presentation Textual Presentation

After the table is completed, the data recorded in the table are presented In narrative form the
textual presentation, the user of the following phrase will help in the presentation of table.

From the table it could be seen that…………..

Table__ shows…… or list….. or present
A look at the table indicates that__ ranked….. with a frequency of……..
Toping the list in the table is….. With the rank of…. Or frequency of……
 Figure # 1.
Problem Encountered by the Student
In terms of Facilities

Figure # 1. Shows that the bigger pie goes to lack of available books available In
the library is rank no.1 It Implement that there are problem encountered therefore…..

Graphic Presentation Textual Presentation

The graph maybe presented in a narrative form which are expressed using the following:

Figure__ shows the…….

Figure__ is a……..
Figure__ presents……

Chapter V
Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation
(3 single spaces)
5.1. Summary
( 2 spaces)

It includes the brief and concise statement of the main purpose and the specific problem of the
study, the significance of the study, the methods of research problem of research used, the respondents,
the research instrument and sampling design. It should also include textual and numeral summary of
important data and significant findings specifically those upon which the conclusion is based.

5.2. Conclusion
(2 spaces)

Includes general statement, inferences, and generalizations, implication based on the findings of
the study. It is usually taken on the hypothesis of the study. The conclusion should be guided against
bias, incorrect generalization, deduction and misleading impression.

5.3. Recommendation
(2 spaces)

It is usually states the solution to the issues of the problem presented and discuss in the study.
All recommendation enumerated in the study should be practical, specific, feasible, attainable, logical
and valid. Recommendations for further study on similar topic in other areas to verify or amplify the
result of the study.

Bibliography
(3 spaces)

Includes the books, unpublished materials, magazines WEB sites, etc. It specify the name of the
books and the author as well. It also includes the publication, location and the year.

Examples:
Books

Berry, Leonard L. & George, Wiliam R. “Marketing the University, Opportunity in the Era of Crisis”,
in Marketing in Nonprofit Organizations, edited by Patrick Montana, New York: AMACOM, 1978

Camarao, F.C. Technology Education in the Philippines . Manila: National Books Store. 1991.

Estolas, Josefina V. & Boquiren, Daisy T. Fundamentals of Research. Manila: G. Miranda and Sons.
Inc., 1991

Unpublished Materials

Alonzo, Nimpa A. “The Marketing Practice of Technical and Vocational Schools

operating in the National Capital Region” Unpublished MBA Thesis, University
of Perpetual Help System, Biñan, Laguna, 1995.

Barachina, Arthur S. “An Analysis on the Needs and Demands of Computer Science
Course in Selected College in Calamba, Laguna” Unpublished MBA Thesis,
AMA Computer College, Makati City, 2000

Basco, Bienvenido “Marketing Practice of Private School in Batangas City”

Unpublished MBA Thesis, Ateneo de Manila University, Makati City. 1974

Espino, Paul Gerald D. “Tweak It, A Utility Software for Window 9X” Unpublished BSCS Thesis,
AMA Computer College, Makati City, 2002

Magazines & Publications & Software

Winks version 4.5, Personal Editions Software, TexaSoft 1991-97

The Manila Standard, August 1996
Asia Week, July 1997

APPENDICES

a. Letters – all approved letter, including the letter if the considerations, changing of titles,
software, and version. And letter for the respondents for evaluating the study.
b. Thesis A Proposal – the original copy of thesis proposal approved by the thesis committee.
(See Proposal Format)
c. Sample Questionnaires – copy of the blank questionnaires.
d. Answered Questionnaires – copy of the questionnaires answered by the respondents.
e. HIPO/IPO of the Software- the of the HIPO and IPO chart illustrating the software and the
algorithm of the program.
f. Sample Output – the layout of the outcome of the software product.
g. User’s Manual – it includes the software description, software feature, system requirement,
the security and back-up plan, the hardware specification. (see User’s Manual Format.)
h. Program Listing
i. Curriculum Vitae
j. Registration Form, Thesis A Grade sheet, Final Permit