As defined by the United Nations, “Culture of Peace” is a “set of values, attitudes, modes of
behavior and ways of life that reject violence and prevent conflicts by tackling their root
causes to solve problems through dialogue and negotiation among individuals groups
and nations.”
The term culture war or culture conflict has different meanings depending on the time and
place where it is used, as it relates to conflicts relevant to a specific area and era. Originally,
it refers to the conflict between traditionalist, classical liberal, or conservative values and
social democratic, progressive or social liberal values in the Western world, as well as other
countries. Culture wars have influenced the debate over history, science and other curricula
in all societies around the world.
The 7 principles of public life apply to anyone who works as a public office-holder. This
includes people who are elected or appointed to public office, nationally and locally, and all
people appointed to work in:
the civil service
local government
the police
the courts and probation services
non-departmental public bodies
health, education, social and care services
The principles also apply to all those in other sectors that deliver public services.
They were first set out by Lord Nolan in 1995 and they are included in the Ministerial code.
1. Authentic Leaders Have Insight
Sometimes we refer to this as vision, but that usually has exclusive reference to the future.
While leaders must have vision, they need more.
In one passage, the Bible talks about the soldiers in King David’s army. About the men of
Issachar, it says they “understood the times and knew what Israel should do” (1 Chronicles
12:32). This is what I mean by insight.
Leaders need wisdom and discernment for the present. They need to be able to look at
complex situations, gain clarity, and determine a course of action.
Steve Jobs stands as one of the best examples of this in recent decades. When he returned as
CEO of Apple, Jobs inherited a mess. But he had the necessary insight to reboot the business
and dominate the industry.
2. Authentic Leaders Demonstrate Initiative
Leaders go first. They don’t sit on the sidelines. They don’t ask others to do what they are
unwilling to do themselves. Instead, they lead by example. This is what distinguishes leaders
from theoreticians and armchair quarterbacks.
I had a sales job in college. Our trainer taught us everything we needed to know. But when it
came time to hit the street and try out what we had learned, he wouldn’t join his students. It
turned out he had never sold a thing in his life.
When I think of a leader that really took initiative, I think of Lt. Col. Hal Moore. Famously
depicted by Mel Gibson in the movie, We Were Soldiers Moore told his troops, before leaving
for Vietnam,
We are going into battle against a tough and determined enemy. I can’t promise you that I
will bring you all home alive. But this I swear, before you and before Almighty God: that when
we go into battle, I will be the first to set foot on the field, and I’ll be the last to step off. And I
will leave no one behind. Dead or alive, we will all come home together, so help me God.
This kind of initiative is indispensable because it instills confidence and courage and
communicates the kind of dedication that earns trust.
3. Authentic Leaders Exert Influence
It’s no coincidence that influence and influenza come from the same root word. Real leaders
are contagious. People “catch” what they have.
People are drawn to their vision and their values. They are able to gather a following and
move people to act.
My friend Robert D. Smith demonstrates this. Robert is Andy Andrews’ manager, and he’s
the kind of person who owns a room when he walks in. Not because he’s loud or boisterous;
he just has that thing.
Besides my wife, Gail, he’s the most positive person I know, and he has the power to persuade
others to his point of view like very few people I’ve ever met.
Switching my metaphor, I think of Robert and others with this skill as human wave pools,
creating a ripple effect wherever they go. And more influence they exert, the higher and
further the waves go.
4. Authentic Leaders Have Impact
The measure of leadership cannot be found in the leader. It’s found in the impact the leader
has on his or her followers.
At the end of the day, leaders make a difference. They’re either instrumental in creating real
and lasting change, or they’re not leaders. They’re just entertainers.
Think about the extraordinary impact of Martin Luther King Jr. He took over Dexter Avenue
Baptist Church in Montgomery Alabama in 1954. In one decade he had turned the nation
upside down.
Throughout the 1950s and early ’60s, King mobilized activists, organized leaders, rallied
supporters, and helped secure passage of the most sweeping civil rights legislation to date—
not to mention changing countless hearts and minds.
King had enormous impact on all of our lives.
5. Authentic Leaders Exercise Integrity
Not every leader is benevolent. We can all think of leaders in business, politics, or ministry
that have insight, initiative, influence, and impact. But when we look at their lives and
legacies, we can see something is still missing—something big.
What is it? Their lives are not integrated with the highest values. Integrity—or the lack
thereof—ultimately determines the quality of a person’s impact. In a sense, this is the
foundation of authentic leadership.
I saw this modeled early in my career by one of my bosses. He hired me at $27,000 with the
understanding I’d get bumped to $30,000 after ninety days. All I had to do was kill it. And I
did. I hustled like never before.
But when it came time for the raise, the company had instituted a wage freeze. I was crushed.
Here’s how much integrity this boss had: He paid me the raise out of his own pocket rather
than renege on the agreement.
It begins by considering the four most common theories of punishment: retribution,
deterrence, rehabilitation, and incapacitation. Attention then turns to physical punishments,
with an emphasis on the death penalty, and removal of an offender from a territory through
banishment.
Types of justice[edit]
Distributive justice
Environmental justice
Injustice
Occupational injustice
Open justice
Organizational justice
Poetic justice
Social justice
Spatial justice