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Lecture Note
CHAPTER 1:
LECTURE NOTES
CHAPTER
2:SEMICONDUCTOR
CHAPTER 3: DIODE
Chapter 2: Contents
CHAPTER 4:
TRANSISTOR BJT
CHAPTER 5: 2.1 Bohr’s Atomic Theory
TRANSISTOR FET
2.2 Periodic Table
CHAPTER 6:
PERANTI 2.3 Material Classification
ELEKTRONIK
2.4.1 Conductor
CHAPTER 7:
DIGITAL 2.4.2 Insulator
ELECTRONICS
2.4.3 Semiconductor
Coursemate 2.4 Energy Band
Staff Info 2.5 Semiconductor
2.5.1 Atomic Structure
MyGuru2 Wiki
2.5.2 Covalent Bond
Online Evaluation/Survey
2.5.3 Intrinsic Semiconductor
Web Conferencing 2.5.4 Extrinsic Semiconductor
2.6 Doping Process
2.6.1 P-type
2.6.2 N-type VET3083: Elektronik (Electronics) 0
2.1 Bohr’s Atomic Theory
• According to Bohr, atoms
have a planetary
structure that consists of
a central nucleus,
surrounded by orbiting
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•
electrons.
Nucleus contains protons
and neutrons.
• Electrons orbit the
nucleus.
• The ability of a material to
conduct current is based
on its atomic structure.
VET3083: Elektronik (Electronics) 0
2.1 Bohr’s Atomic Theory
• The orbit paths of the
electrons surrounding the
nucleus are called shells.
• Each shell has a defined
number of electrons it will
hold (2n2).
• n=1, 2, 3, …
• Example:
– Copper: [Link]
– Electron valence: 1
VET3083: Elektronik (Electronics) 0
2.1 Bohr’s Atomic Theory
• The outer shell is called
the valence shell and
electrons at this layer are
called valence electrons.
• Maximum number of
Loading… valence electron is 8.
• The material is more
conductive if less electron
valence orbiting the outer
shell.
VET3083: Elektronik (Electronics) 0
2.2 Periodic Table
VET3083: Elektronik (Electronics) 0
2.2 Periodic Table
VET3083: Elektronik (Electronics) 0
2.3 Material Classification
VET3083: Elektronik (Electronics) 0
2.3 Material Classification
VET3083: Elektronik (Electronics) 0
2.3 Material Classification
2.3.1 Conductor
• Low resistance which allows electrical
current flow
• Charge flows freely
• Copper, silver, gold, aluminum, nickel etc.
VET3083: Elektronik (Electronics) 0
2.3 Material Classification
2.3.2 Insulator
• High resistance which suppresses
electrical current flow
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• Almost no charge flows
• Glass, ceramic, plastic, wood etc.
VET3083: Elektronik (Electronics) 0
2.3 Material Classification
2.3.3 Semiconductor
• Can allow or suppress electrical current
flow
• Conductivity lies between conductor and
insulator
• Carbon, silicon, germanium etc.
VET3083: Elektronik (Electronics) 0
2.4 Energy Band
VET3083: Elektronik (Electronics) 0
2.4 Energy Band
• Valence band – filled with
electrons.
• Conduction band – empty.
• Electrons are unable to gain
enough energy to jump from
the valence band to the
conduction band.
VET3083: Elektronik (Electronics) 0
2.4 Energy Band
• Enables some electrons with enough
energy to jump from the valence
band to the conduction band easily.
• At low temperature – no free electron
in the conduction band.
• When potential difference is
connected, the holes and electrons
move in opposite directions.
• Temperature ↑, electric conductivity
↑.
• Large number of electrons being
excited into the conduction band,
leaving a large number of holes in
the valence band.
VET3083: Elektronik (Electronics) 0
2.4 Energy Band
• Occupied by many conduction
electrons, causing metal to
become good electric
conductor.
VET3083: Elektronik (Electronics) 0
2.5 Semiconductor
2.5.1 Atomic Structure
VET3083: Elektronik (Electronics) 0
2.5 Semiconductor
2.5.2 Covalent Bond
VET3083: Elektronik (Electronics) 0
2.5 Semiconductor
VET3083: Elektronik (Electronics) 0
2.5 Semiconductor
2.5.3 Intrinsic Semiconductor
An intrinsic semiconductor, also called
an undoped semiconductor or i-type
semiconductor, is a pure semiconductor
without any significant dopant species
present.
VET3083: Elektronik (Electronics) 0
2.5 Semiconductor
2.5.3 Intrinsic Semiconductor
VET3083: Elektronik (Electronics) 0
2.5 Semiconductor
2.5.4 Extrinsic Semiconductor
An extrinsic semiconductor is one that has
been doped, that is, into which a doping
agent has been introduced, giving it
different electrical properties than the
intrinsic (pure) semiconductor.
VET3083: Elektronik (Electronics) 0
2.5 Semiconductor
2.5.4 Extrinsic Semiconductor
VET3083: Elektronik (Electronics) 0
2.5 Semiconductor
2.6.4 Extrinsic Semiconductor
VET3083: Elektronik (Electronics) 0
2.6 Doping Process
2.6.1 N-type
VET3083: Elektronik (Electronics) 0
2.6 Doping Process
2.6.1 N-type
VET3083: Elektronik (Electronics) 0
2.6 Doping Process