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Funciones del "Simple Past" en Inglés

The document discusses the simple past tense in English. It states that the simple past is used to talk about actions that were completed in the past, regardless of duration. It then provides examples of the simple past, discusses how it is used with time expressions, and how it is formed both regularly and irregularly for different verbs. Key points include that the simple past can refer to recent or distant past actions, and that it is always used to talk about when something occurred.

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16 views4 pages

Funciones del "Simple Past" en Inglés

The document discusses the simple past tense in English. It states that the simple past is used to talk about actions that were completed in the past, regardless of duration. It then provides examples of the simple past, discusses how it is used with time expressions, and how it is formed both regularly and irregularly for different verbs. Key points include that the simple past can refer to recent or distant past actions, and that it is always used to talk about when something occurred.

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sid dor
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
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FUNCIONES DEL "SIMPLE PAST"

El "simple past" se utiliza para hablar de una acción que concluyó en un tiempo anterior al
actual. La duración no es relevante. El tiempo en que se sitúa la acción puede ser el pasado
reciente o un pasado lejano.

EJEMPLOS
 John Cabot sailed to America in 1498.
 My father died last year.
 He lived in Fiji in 1976.
 We crossed the Channel yesterday.

Siempre se utiliza el "simple past" para referirse a cuándo ocurrió algo, de modo que va
asociado a ciertas expresiones temporales que indican:

 frecuencia: often, sometimes, always


I sometimes walked home at lunchtime.
I often brought my lunch to school.
 un tiempo determinado: last week, when I was a child, yesterday, six weeks ago
We saw a good film last week.
Yesterday, I arrived in Geneva.
She finished her work atseven o'clock
I went to the theatre last night
 un tiempo indeterminado: the other day, ages ago, a long time ago People lived in
caves a long time ago.
 She played the piano when she was a child.

Nota: el término ago es útil para expresar distancia temporal en el pasado. Se


coloca después del periodo de tiempo de que se trate: a week ago, three years ago, a minute
ago.

Cuidado: el "simple past" del inglés puede parecerse a un tiempo verbal de tu propio idioma y,
sin embargo, su significado puede ser distinto.

FORMACIÓN DEL "SIMPLE PAST"


FORMACIÓN DEL "SIMPLE PAST" CON VERBOS REGULARES

Afirmativa

Sujeto + raíz + ed

I skipped.

Negativa
Sujeto + did not + infinitivo sin to

They didn't go.

Interrogativa

Did + sujeto + infinitivo sin to

Did she arrive?

Interrogativa negativa

Did not + sujeto + infinitivo sin to

Didn't you play?

TO WALK

Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa

I walked I didn't walk Did I walk?

You walked You didn't walk Did you walk?

He walked He didn't walk Did he walk?

We walked We didn't walk Did we walk?

They walked They didn't walk Did they walk?

"SIMPLE PAST" DE LOS VERBOS TO BE, TO HAVE, TO DO

Sujeto Verbo
Sujeto Verbo

Be Have

I was had

You were had

He/She/It was had

We were had

You were had

They were had

NOTAS SOBRE LAS CONSTRUCCIONES


AFIRMATIVA, NEGATIVA E INTERROGATIVA
AFIRMATIVA
La forma afirmativa del "simple past" es sencilla.

 I was in Japan last year


 She had a headache yesterday.
 We did our homework last night.

NEGATIVA E INTERROGATIVA
Para las formas negativa e interrogativa del "simple past" del verbo "do" como verbo ordinario,
se emplea como auxiliar "do", e.g. We didn't do our homework last night.
La forma negativa del verbo "have" en "simple past" suele construirse utilizando el auxiliar "do",
aunque en ocasiones solo se añade not o la contracción "n't".

La forma interrogativa del verbo "have" en "simple past" suele emplear el auxiliar "do".

EJEMPLOS
 They weren't in Rio last summer.
 We didn't have any money.
 We didn't have time to visit the Eiffel Tower.
 We didn't do our exercises this morning.
 Were they in Iceland last January?
 Did you have a bicycle when you were young?
 Did you do much climbing in Switzerland?

Nota: para construir las formas negativa e interrogativa de todos los verbos en "simple past",
se utiliza siempre el auxiliar 'did''.

"SIMPLE PAST": VERBOS IRREGULARES


Algunos verbos hacen el "simple past" de forma irregular. Estos son los más comunes.

TO GO

 He went to a club last night.


 Did he go to the cinema last night?
 He didn't go to bed early last night.

TO GIVE

 We gave her a doll for her birthday.


 They didn't give John their new address.
 Did Barry give you my passport?

TO COME

 My parents came to visit me last July.


 We didn't come because it was raining.
 Did he come to your party last week?

Common questions

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In the simple past tense, the auxiliary "did" is crucial for forming negative and interrogative constructions. For negative forms, "did" combines with "not" to create "did not" or "didn't," which precedes the base form of the main verb, as in "They didn't go." For interrogative sentences, "did" is placed at the beginning, followed by the subject and the base form of the verb, e.g., "Did she arrive?" This use of "did" ensures that the simple past tense is distinct from present tense forms and maintains the correct verb structure needed for past tense questions and negations.

Translating the simple past tense from English into a language with a different past tense structure can pose significant challenges, such as differing verb conjugation patterns and temporal expressions. Some languages may not differentiate between completed and ongoing past actions, leading to potential misunderstandings about whether an action is viewed as complete. Furthermore, languages that do not use auxiliaries like "did" for forming questions and negatives may require additional context or restructuring for accurate translation. These issues can lead to confusion regarding the time relationship between actions and possibly alter the intended meaning.

Time expressions such as "yesterday" or "six weeks ago" help to situate an action firmly in the past, which necessitates the use of the simple past tense for accurate grammatical construction. These time expressions clearly define the temporal context, ensuring that the action is perceived as completed in the past. For instance, when stating "We saw a good film last week," the time expression "last week" indicates a time period that has concluded, thus requiring the verb to be in the simple past.

For the verb "to be" in the simple past tense, the auxiliary "did" is not used in negative and interrogative forms. Instead, the verb "to be" changes form to "was" or "were" depending on the subject. In negative sentences, "was not" or "were not" is used, as in "They weren't in Rio last summer." For interrogative sentences, the verb is placed before the subject, such as in "Were they in Iceland last January?" This construction differs from other verbs where "did" is necessary.

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