1/12/2015
1) Portable Fire Extinguishers
Water (Red) – Class A fire
Foam (Cream) – Class A & B
Dry Chemical Powder – A,B,C, E
Carbon Dioxide – B & E
Located not more than 20m from potential fire.
2) External Fire Hydrant System
Pillar Hydrant located not more than 30m away from the breeching inlet. Not less than 6m from
the high rise building.
Hydrants spaced not more than 90m apart
Hydrants with twin outlets should be providing 1000 l/min with running pressure 4 bars and less
than 7 bars (instantaneous coupling). 65mm dia
Threaded type hydrant outlet can have pressure exceed 7 bars.
Hydrant pump – deliver 3000l/min with running pressure >4 bars.
Standby hydrant pump operated with diesel engine drive, operate up to 2 hours.
Fire water storage tank – capacity 135,000 litres.
3) Hose Reel System
Hose reel placed at area within 30m hose coverage. One hose reel should be provided for 800 sq
metres floor space.
Each hose reel discharge min 30 l/min, and within 6 metres range. 30m in length and 25mm dia.
Hose reel pump deliver water at 120 l/min, >2 bars pressure.
Hose reel tanks – sized 2275 litres for first hose reel.
4) Dry Riser System
A form of internal hydrant required for building where topmost floor is higher than 18.3m and
less than 30.5m
Two way breeching inlet for 100mm dia riser, and 4 way breeching inlet for 150mm dia riser.
5) Wet Riser System
Required for buildings where topmost floor is higher than 30.5m
Wet riser pump – within 45m coverage from landing valve. One riser each floor and distance
apart between risers should not exceed 60m.
Riser pipe diameter 150mm galvanized iron class C.
Riser pump capacity 1500 l/min with running pressure >4, <7 bars.
Wet riser tanks – sized minimum capacity of 45,500 litres.
Landing valve: installed not more than 0.75m from floor. (Pressure not less than 4 bars and not
more than 7 bars.)
6) Downcomer System
4 way breeching inlet.
Water tank – sized for min capacity of 45,500 litres.
Spaced within 45m coverage from landing valve. One riser each floor and distance apart
between risers should not exceed 60m.
7) Automatic Sprinkler System
Various type of sprinkler system:
a) Wet pipe installation
b) Dry pipe installation
c) Pre action installation
d) Deluge installation – no bulb
Installed 17m and above the floor
8) Automatic CO2 Extinguishing system
Used in electrical transformer rooms, switchrooms, generator room
The space should protected by two or more heat or smoke detectors.
CO2 cylinder should be suitable for pressure of 59 bars at 21C.
9) Automatic Fire Detection and Alarm system
To provide warning of the outbreak fire.
10) Pressurization systems in building
To keep protected escape route clear of smoke by introducing sufficient fresh air.
Pressurizing staircase – 50 Pa pressure level higher than accommodation space.
Pressurizing staircase and lobby – lobby shall be pressurized independently of staircase.
– Pressure level at staircase 50 Pa higher, for lobby/corridor is
45 Pa higher
Pressurizing staircase, lobby and corridor
Type of staircase pressurization design: - Fixed air supply pressure relief dampers.
- Variable air supply motorized by-pass damper
- Variable speed fan
11) Smoke control system
To ensure adequate fire safety within a building.
Methods of smoke control:
- Smoke containment
- Smoke dilution: mix smoky gases with enough clear air to increase visibility and reduce toxic.
- Smoke reservoir exhaust ventilation: separation between upper layer of smoke and lower
layer. Extract smoke using ventilators or exhaust fans.
- Depressurisation: using pressure differential.
Applications:
- Basement smoke control:
MS1780: Smoke control system.