PREVENTIVE & SOCIAL MEDICINE

Screening tests Disease screened

Pap smear test Cervical cancer
Breast self examination Breast cancer
Mammography Breast cancer
Bimanual oral examination Oral cancer
ELISA,RAPID,SIMPLE HIV
Urine for sugar/random blood sugar T2DM
AFP Developmental anomalies in fetus
Digital rectal examination Prostate cancer
Prostate specific antigen Prostate cancer
fecal occult blood Colorectal cancer
Disease Exposure
Anthracosis Coal dust
Level of Intelligence IQ range
Asbestosis - Asbestos dust/
Idiot 0-24
Base of lung Mesothilioma
Imbecile 25-49
Byssinosis Cotton fiber
Moron 50-69
Bagassosis Sugarcane
Borderline 70-79
Berylliosis Beryllium
Low normal 80-89
Farmer's lung Mouldy hay
Normal 90-109
Silicosis - TB Sand/Silica dust
Superior 110-119
Upper lobe Xray-eggshell
Very superior 120-139
calcification
Near genius 140 & over
Siderosis Iron dust
Vital event Registration to be done within
Birth 21 days

Typhoid 1st week - Blood culture Death 21 days

2nd week - widal Marriage 30 days
3rd week - Stool culture Pregnancy No legislation yet
4th week - Urine culture

Disease Causative organism Incubation period

Chicken pox Human herpes virus 3 14-16 days
Measles(rubeolla) RNA paramyxovirus 10-14 days
Rubella german measles RNA togavirus 14-21 days
Mumps RNA myxovirus 14-21 days
Influenza Orthomyxovirus 18-72 hrs
Diptheria Cornybacterium diptheria 2-6 days
Pertussis Bordetella pertusis
Yellow fever Flavivirus fibricus 2-6 days
Japanese encephalitis Group A Arbovirus
KFD Arbovirus
Rabies Lyssavirus type-1 3-8 weeks
Cholera Vibrio cholera 1-2 days
Lymphatic filariasis Wucheria bancrofti
Small pox Variola virus 7-17 days
Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Weeks-years
Polio myelitis Polio virus 7-14 days
Typhoid fever Salmonella typhi 10-14 days
Dengue Arbovirus 3-15 days
Malaria Plasmodium vivax 8-17 days
Malaria Plasmodium falciparum 9-14 days
Malaria PlasmodiumMalariae 18-40 days
Malaria Plasmodium ovale 16-18 days
[Link] poisoning Staph aureus 1-6 hrs
Tetanus Clostridium tetani 6-10 days
HIV/AIDS HIV/HTLV-iii/LAV Months-10 yrs
Leishmaniasis [Link] 1-4 months
Plague/pnemonic Yersinia pestis 2-7 days/1-3 days
Ascariasis Ascaris lumbricoides 2 months
Group discussion : People interacting face to face
Panel discussion : 4-8 persons talking in front of an audience.
Symposium : series of speeches on a selected subject by different persons in a single meet
Workshop : series of more than 4 meetings usually meant for a training.
Level of free residual chlorine : Drinking water -residual chlorine >0.5mg/litre
Swimming pool sanitation - >1.0 mg/liter
Drinking water to kill cyclops >2.0 mg/liter

Vectors Disease transmitted

House fly (musca domestica) Anthrax,Yaws,Trachoma
Sand fly (phlebotamus argentipes) Kala Azar,Oriental sore
Tse-Tse fly (glossina palpalis) Sleeping sickness of Africa
Reduvig bug (triatominae) Chagas disease
Black fly(simulum) Onchocerciasis(river blindness)
Soft tick KFD(outside India),Q fever,Relapsing fever
Hard tick KFD(in India),Indian tick typhus
Flea Plague,Murine typhus
Mite Scrub typhus,Ricketsial pox
Louse Epidemic typhus,trench fever,relapsing fever
Aedes mosquito Dengue,DHF,Yellow fever,chickuguniya
Anopheles mosquito Malaria,filaria
Horse fly Loa loa
Culex mosquito Bancroftian filariasis,[Link],
west nile fever,viral arthritis

Under weight - <18.5

Normal BMI - 18.5-25
Pre-obese - 25-30
Obesity - >30
BMI = weight in Kg/Height2 in metre2
Period of communicability : Chicken pox - 2days -rash - 5 days
Measels - 4 days - rash - 5 days
H1N1 - 1 day - symptoms - 7 days
 Influenza - 1 day - symptoms - 1 day
Diptheria - 14 - 28 days or Termination of carrier state
Scarlet fever - till termination of carrier state
Tetunus - None
HIV - Life long

Live vaccine -OPV -(Sabin) Killed vaccine - IPV-( Salk )

Mumps /Measels /Rubella/OPV Cholera /Plague / IPV(Polio)
Yellow fever /Typhoid /BCG Hepatitis A /Pertusis /Rabies
Chicken pox /Flu /Influenza Meningococcal /killed plague /
Plague /varicella / Epidemic typhus killedInfluenza /japanese encephalitis
Kyasanur forest disease
Toxoid : Diptheria toxoid /Tetanus toxoid
Combination vaccines : DPT/DT/MMR/TAB/DPTP

Triage - Rapidly classifying the injured on the basis of the severity of their injury & the
likelyhood of the surveillance
Triage RED - Immediate medical attention ( life or limb saving surgery)
Triage YELLOW - Medium priority ( can survive 4 - 6 hrs without medical attention )
Triage GREEN - Ambulatory patients ( Walking wounded)
Triage BLACK - Dead patients.
Epidemic - occurance of a disease clearly in excess of usual or expected frequency
Endemic - constant presence of a disease in a area
Pandemic - an epidemic usually occuring over a very large geographical area
Exotic - disease not present in a country & brought from outside

Important Days of Public health importance

30th jan - Anti leprosy day

2nd Wednesday of march - No Smoking day
8th March - International womens day
15th march - world disabled day
24th march - Anti TB day
7th April - World health day
8th May - World red cross day
31st May - No Tobacco day
5th June - World environment day
26th june - [Link] against drug abuse&illicit trafficking
1st july - Doctors day
11th july - World population day
8th september - world literacy day
1st october - [Link] for older persons/Voluntary Blood donation day
2nd Wednesday of October - world disaster reduction day
9th october - World sight day
10th october - world mental health day
24th october -UN day
10th November - Universal immunization day
25th november - [Link] elimination of violence against women
1st December - World AIDS day
3rd December - [Link] for disabled persons
10th december - Human rights day

Formulas

Infant mortality rate = [Link] infant deaths x 1000 - rate

[Link] Live births

Maternal mortality rate = [Link] maternal deaths x 100000 - Ratio

[Link] Live births

Sex ratio = [Link] females x 1000 - Ratio

[Link] males

Incidence = [Link] new cases x 1000 - Rate

Total population
Prevalence = [Link] new+ old cases x 100 - Proportion
Total population
Case fatality rate = [Link] deaths x 100 - Proportion
[Link] cases

Relative risk = Incidence among exposed - Ratio

Incidence among non-exposed

1. Total iron requirement in pregnancy - 600mg

2. Increased requirement of calories in lactating mother - 500 - 600 cal/day
3. Most common cause of maternal mortality in India is - Haemorrhage
4. Egg protein quality is - 100% /Highest quality of protein - Egg
5. Highest quantity of protein - Soya bean 43%
6. Daily protein requirement - 0.83gms/kg/day
7. Most repeated value is known as - Mode
8. Sum of all values divided by no. Of values - Mean
9. Middle value or average of the 2 most middle values - Median
10. Age at which a person is considered as dependent is - Age below15 & above 65
11. Human development index includes-Literacy/life expectancy at Birth/income index
12. Incubation period of yellow fever is - 2-6 days
13. Disease notifiable to WHO is - Cholera / Plague / Yellow fever
14. Infective period of chicken pox is - 2 days prior & 5days after appearance of rash
15. Small pox was eradicated in - May 1980
16. Recently eliminated from India - Yaws 2007& leprosy 2005,guinea worm
(Dracunculosis)2000.
17. Indicator of socio economic development - Infant mortality rate
18. Millenium development goals have to be achieved by - 2015
19. Sentinel surveilance is used to assess - Hidden/missing cases
20. Most Important function of sentinel surveilance is-find total amount of disease in a
population
21. Chronic carrier state is seen in - Typhoid/Hep.B/Dysentry/Meningitis/Malaria/Gonorhea
22. Sullivan index provides - Life expectancy minus probable duration of bed disability &
 inability to perform major activities
23. Severity of the disease best assessed by - case fatality rate
24. Sullivan index is the measure of - Disability rate
25. Killing power of a disease is - case fatality rate
26. Attack rate is - Incidense of the disease
27. Surveillance is - continuous scrutiny of factors affecting a disease
28. Physical quality of life index(PQLI)includes - IMR/literacy rate/life exp at age1 yr
29. MC Neonatal disorder to be screened is - Neonatal hypothyroidism
30. Person cannot perform daily life activities which is 2 b normal for his age- Disability
31. Impairement - Anatomical structural or functional loss
32. Handicap - Loss of social role suppose to play in society
33. Disease - any abnormal condition of an organism that impairs function
34. Correct sequence -disease-impairement-disability-handicap
35. Obesity is measured in terms of - BMI = weight in kg/height in metre2
36. BMI<18 - under wgt/18-24 normal/25-29 -pre obese/gr-1 -30-34/gr-2-35-39/gr-3>40
37. Silent epidemic of century - Alzheimers disease
38. Measels-Koplik spots-incubation period-10-14 days-RNA paramyxovirus.
39. MC complication of measles - Otitis media/least Complication-SSPE
40. Incubation period of measles - 10 days
41. Respirable dust,responsible for pneumoconiosis,has a size limit of - <5 microns
42. Pneumoconiosis - occupational lung dis -inhalation of dust particles <5 microns
causing fibrosis of lung tissue
43. MC pneumoconiosis in India - Silicosis
44. MC lung Ca in pneumoconiosis - Asbestosis
45. Mid day meals should provide - 1/3 calories & 1/2 proteins
46. Which of d following doesn't multiply but completes its developmental cycle in the host -
Microfilaria
47. Amplifier host of Japanese encephalitis/KFD - Pigs
48. Host for chicken guniya - Man
49. Exclusive breast feeding recommended in India upto - 6 months
50. Disinfecting action of chlorine on water in mainly due to - Hypochlorus acid
51. Disease occuring before the age of 65 yrs - Pre senile.
52. Sensitivity is measured by - True positive
53. Specificity is measured by - True negative
54. Best method for prevention of infection by medical professional in a hospital setup
-Hand washing.
55. FAST questionare is used to diagnose - Alcoholic
56. Programme designed for the benefit for pregnant woman & infant - Janani suraksha
yojna
57. Best indicator of socio economic development of a country is - IMR
58. MCC of Infant mortality rate(IMR) in India - Low birth weight & prematurity
59. Health assistant should visit to subcenters once in - every week
60. Who will prepare malarial parasite smear slide - Health assistant(male)
61. Chandler's index is used for - Hook worm - Ankylostoma duodenale - [Link] hookworm
eggs per gram of stool - 250 eggs is dangerous
62. Socially attained behaviour is – Culture

63. For determination of socio economic status of urban population

- modified kuppusamy scale
64. Human developement index(HDI) - life expectancy at birth/
Value ranges bet 0-1 Income per capita/ Literacy rate
65. Prevention of risk factor development of CAD - primordial level of prevention
66. Pt is made to walk early after surgery,this is an example of -rehablitation
67. Endemic of a disease means - is constantly present in population
68. Most important function of sentinel surveilance - to find total amount of disease in a
population
69. Bhopal gas tragedy is - single exposure point source epidemic
70. Modified kuppusamy scale
- education status of head of family/occupation status of head of family/
income per capita per month.
71. Case fatality rate = total [Link] deaths due to a disease x 100
[Link] cases due to a disease
72. Epidemiological triad are - Host/environmental factors/agent
73. When a child lost in hands & unable to do routine works called as - Impairment
74. Natural history of disease is studied by - Longitudinal study
75. Disease elimination means - preventing the transmission chain
76. Leprosy is considered a public health problem if the prevalence of leprosy
77. In India which disease is near to eradication - Polio
78. Which is primary prevention - Support
79. Iodine salt supplementation is - Specific protection
80. Water borne disease - Amoebiasis
81. Chemoprophylaxis is prevention of - Primary
82. Surveilance is - Scrutiny of factors
83. Morbidity is measured by - Active surveilance
84. PTB-drug-rifampicin225mg-pyranzinamide750mg-isoniazid150mg-ethambutol 400mg
85. Serial interval is - Time gap between primary & secondary case
86. Hypothesis is a - variable to be tested
87. Case fatality rate is a method measuring - Virulence
88. A graph shows uniform curve i no secondary curves - pointed epidemic
89. Rapid rise & fall in epidemic curve without any secondary waves is seen in
- point source epidemic
90. Case control study is a type of - Analytical study
91. Recall bias is most commonly associated i which study -case control study
92. Incidence rate is measured by - cohort study
93. Incidence rate is calculated by - prospective study
94. Incidence rate is defined as - [Link] new cases of a disease in a community
95. Relative risk is -
incidense of disease among exposed/incidence of disease among non-exposed
96. Relative risk is calculated by - cohort studies
97. Prevalence is a - Proportion & calculated by -cross sectional study
98. Odd's ratio is calculated by - case control study
99. Odd's ratio is derived from /estimate of - relative risk
[Link] of alcohol intake for 10 yrs & occuring of hepatic disease type of study - cohort
[Link] blind study means
- both observer & person or group being observed is blind about the study
[Link] acquired infection of surgical wound is mostly by - Instruments
[Link] interval means - difference between primary case & secondary cases
[Link] based study is - Cross over study
[Link] immunity is seen in - polio/measles/diptheria/pertusis/mumps/rubella/smallpox.
[Link] immunity is not seen in - Tetanus
[Link] most commonly associated with allergic reaction & shock - DPT
[Link] Live vaccines & meningococcal r contraindicated in pregnancy
[Link] sholud be given - immediately after birth
[Link] B vaccine should be given as - 0,1,6 months
[Link] dose of vit A given under national immun. Shcedule - 9 lacIU
[Link] exposure Rabies vac schedule - 0-3-7-14-28-90
[Link]/[Link]/yellow fever is diluted i - NS
[Link]/MMR vaccine is diluted with - Distilled water/sterile water
[Link] A should be given at the age of - 6-9 months
[Link] vaccine is prepared from - Fixed virus
[Link] is obtained from - Horse
[Link] immunization of the Baby - Colostrum
[Link] of which vaccine can result in paralysis in children - Sabin polio vaccine
120.9 month old un-immunized child was brought to dispensary,vaccine should be given to
this baby first - OPV+BCG+DPT+Measles
[Link] commonly spreads by - Milk
[Link] fever vaccination starts protection after how many days of injection - 10 days
[Link] vaccination is - given around 100 yards of a case detected
124.A full course of immunization against tetanus with 3 doses of TT confers immunity for
how many years - 5 yrs
[Link] administered as Nose drops - Influenza
[Link] between two live vaccines - 4 weeks
[Link] is given - Intra dermal
[Link] way to sterilise glass syringes is - Hot air
[Link] sterilization is done by - Ionizing radiation
[Link] blades are best sterilised by - Autoclave
[Link] optic scopes are sterilised by - Glutaraldehyde
[Link] positive rate of a screening test is - 1- false negative.
[Link] used for screening cases of tuberculosis in India - sputum smear examination
[Link] of a screening test is - true positive
[Link] test preferred for T2DM in India - Fasting blood sugar
[Link] test for Tuberculosis in India - AFB in sputum
[Link] negatives are detected by - specificity
[Link] false positive cases signify that disease has - high incidence & low prevalence
[Link] negative means - person has disease but shows negative test result
[Link] false positive in a test is due to - high sensitivity
[Link] predict value of a test depends upon - prevalence of disease
[Link] GTT-glucose tolerance test DM is diagnosed if vein plasma glucose level is-200mg
[Link]. To WHO blindness is inability to count fingers at a distance - 3 metres
[Link] letter arrangement of bacilli under microscope - cornybacterium diptheriae
[Link] specimen for diagnosis of rabies in living person-biopsy of skin follicles on neck
[Link] spots r seen in - Measles
[Link] bodies/Hydrophobia is seen in - Rabies
[Link] neck appearance is seen in - Diptheria
[Link] sclerosing pan encephalitis is a complication of - Measles
[Link] azar is transmitted by - sand fly
[Link] transmission of Hepatitis B is max in - 3rd trimester
[Link] dengue diagnosis,[Link] petechial spots per squarer inch in cubital fossa is - >20
[Link] oppurtunistic infection in AIDS is - pneumocystis carnii pneumonia
[Link] for a pregnant lady with cerebral malaria - Quinine
[Link] for chickun guinya - Primate
[Link] site for Hydatid cyst in human body is - right postero superior lobe of liver
[Link] of LGV - Doxycycline
[Link] indicator of HIV progression in body is - CD4:CD8 ratio
[Link] of rabies immunoglobulin is - 20 IU/kg body weight
[Link] are found in the life cycle of - Dracunculiasis
[Link]'s index is used for - Hook worm
[Link] for dengue fever is - Aedes
[Link] side effect of streptomycin - Oto-toxicity
[Link] side effect of rifampicin - Hepatitis
[Link] side effect of ethambutol - colour blindness/optic neuritis
[Link] A defeciency - Night blindness
[Link] fever is caused by - Salmonella typhi
[Link] cause of blindness in India - Cataract
[Link] for cholera in Adults - Doxycycline
[Link] ulcer perforates in - 3rd week
[Link] causing rabies in man - street virus
172.Q-fever is caused by - coxiella burnetti
[Link] transmits - Rocky mountain spotted fever
[Link] is transmitted by - Faecal oral route
[Link] cancer world wide is - Lung cancer
[Link] of yellow fever is valid for duration of - 10 yrs
[Link] - Surgery/Antibiotics/Face washing/Environmental improvment
[Link] of the following hepatitis is associated with higher mortality in pregnancy
- Hepatitis E
[Link] for measles - Man / Incubation period - 10 days
[Link] spots appear in - Prodromal stage in measles
[Link] complication of Mumps in children - Aseptic meningitis
[Link] carrier r diagnosed by - throat culture
[Link] test indicates - carrier for - diptheria
[Link] for pertussis children - prophylactic antibiotic for 10 days
[Link] with pertussis should be isolated for 3-4 weeks
[Link] for meningococcal meningitis - Rifampicin
[Link] TB a case is - sputum positive
[Link] is due to - Virus
[Link] -ORS - Na+-90mleq/lit/Glucose-111,kcl-1.5g,Nacl-3.5g,[Link]-2.9g,
pot bicarb-2.5g,K+-20meq,Tot millimoles - 311
[Link] oral vaccine is given - 1,3,5 days
[Link] for cholera chemoprophylaxis - Tetracyclines
[Link] worm infestation is common in workers of - step wells
[Link] level of Health care is - Tertiary care
[Link] period of dengue fever - 10-20 days
[Link] s transmitted by - Female Anopheles stephensi(urban malaria),anopheles dirus
[Link] parasite in India are - vivax/falciparum/malariae
[Link] malaria month - June
[Link] organism of Malaria - Plasmodium
[Link] for transmission of Bancroftian filaria - Culex fatigans
[Link] incubation period of Filariasis is - 8 - 16 months
[Link] case of dog bite the biting animal should be observed for atleast - 10 days
[Link] India Rabies free zone is - Lakshadweep
[Link] of Yellow fever is - 17D
[Link] fever vaccination starts protection after how many days of injection - 10 days
[Link] fever vaccination is valid till - 10 years
[Link] encephalitis - Culex - Rice field - horse shoe symptom
[Link] is transmitted by - Ticks
[Link] explosiveness of plague is determined by - Cheopsis index - is ave no of cheopsis
per rat
[Link] infectious clinical form of plague is - Pneumonic plague
[Link] of Equine anti-rabies immunoglobin - 40IU per kg of body weight
[Link] is caused by - Rat flea
[Link] typhus is transmitted by - Mite
[Link] typhus is transmitted by - Louse
[Link] of transmission of Q fever - Aerosols
[Link] is transmitted by - Louse
[Link] starting peripherally is a feature of - Q-fever
[Link]-azar - sandfly - man is the reservoir - aldehyde test is positive
[Link] commonly spreads by - Droplet
[Link] nerve involved in leprosy - Ulnar nerve
[Link] lepromatous leprosy the single drug Dapsone is continue for - 180 days
[Link] test is valuable for - Prognosis of disease
[Link] attenuated yellow fever vaccine is - 17-D
[Link] of MDT to resolve paucibacillary leprosy - 6 months
[Link] of MDT to resolve Multi paucibacillary leprosy - 12 months
[Link] in India can be carried out till - 20 weeks period of gestation
[Link] AIDS day is on - 1st december
[Link] mode of HIV transmission in INdia is - Sexual transmission - Age group -30-44yrs
[Link] HIV infected child which vaccine should not be given - OPV
[Link] case of AIDS was reported in - 1984
[Link] mode of transmission from mother to child - Perinatal
[Link] is caused by - Sarcoptes Scabei
[Link] period of Chancroid - less than 7 days
[Link] period of Syphillis - 9-90 days
[Link] period for HIV infection is - 3-12w
[Link] testing used in the detection of - STD
[Link] period less than few hours - Food poisoning
[Link] disease - yellow fever,japanese encephalitis,dengue,chickungunya
[Link] subacute sclerosing pan-encephalitis is associated with - Measles
[Link] is associated with - Measles & Diarhea
[Link] to man transmission is seen in - Rabies,japanese encephalitis
[Link] borne disease - epidemic typhus,KFD,japanese encephalitis
[Link] documented to cause fetal damage - parvovirus,varicella
[Link] period less than one week - cholera
[Link] incubation period is associated with - Influenza than cholera
[Link] can be used in bioterrorism - Plague
[Link] features of Botulism - constipation,ocular nerve paralysis,blurring of vision
[Link] is seen in - Chicken pox
[Link] transmitted by water - Polio
[Link] ictero haemorhagic infection is transmitted by - Rats
[Link] is an intermediate host for Guinea worm
[Link] is not useful in - Polio
[Link]-borne disease is - Tularemia
[Link] period in staphylococcal food poisoning - 1-6 hrs
[Link] is dead end for - Rabies , Tetanus,japanese encephalitis
[Link] shift & drift occurs in - measles
[Link] caused by - treponesoma pertenue
[Link] phenonmenon is seen in - HTN,Leprosy,Tuberculosis
[Link] is - Meta-zoonosis
[Link] cancer among females - Cervical
[Link] cancer worldwide - Lung
[Link] carcinogenesis is seen in - Head & neck carcinoma
[Link] cancer affecting indian urban women - Breast ca
[Link] Ca can be prevented by screening - cervix/breast/prostate/colon
[Link] indices - Broca's/ponderal/quetelet/corpulence/lorentz
[Link] is also known as - Quetelet index
[Link] fat accumilation is assessed by waist to hip ratio
[Link] cause of blindness in India - cataract
[Link] defines blindness if the visual acquity is less than - 3/60
[Link] cause of ocular morbidity in India - Refraction error
[Link] common cause of heart disease in India - Congenital
[Link] is associated with - LDL
[Link] haemoglobin reflects the mean blood glucose level of previous - 3 months
[Link] - 1 per 1000 population-female aged 25-45yrs-min educated till 8th class-NRHM -
 provides primary medical care for minor ailment
[Link] dose of Nevirapine therapy is used for prevention of mother to child transmission
of HIV - should be administered within - 72 hrs to child/onset of labour pain to mother
200mg
[Link]-A prophylaxis is given to infants every - 6 months
[Link] massive dose of vit.A for preventing defeciency in preschool children aged 1-6yrs
for every 6 months - 200000 IU
[Link] of glucose recomended by WHO standard oral glucose tolerance test - 75 grams
[Link] in ORS to increase - Na+ absorption
[Link] to Indian blindness definition finger counting is done at distance of - 6 meters
[Link] carbohydrate amount provided in Mid day meal scheme is - 300grams
[Link] on DOTS category 1 should visit for follow up at - 2,4,6 months
[Link] single drug treatment - Azithromycin
[Link] to registration of Births & Deaths act 1969, the birth & death are to be
registered,respectively in - 21days & 21 days
[Link]-tubercular drug contraindicated during pregnancy - Streptomycin
[Link] is associated with - red,green colour blindness-not given to children<6yrs
[Link] opaque material in copper-T - Barium sulphate
[Link] polio immunization covers - 0-5 yrs children
[Link] dose of Folic acid for pregnant women - 400mg
[Link] for AIDS can be reached by dialling - 1097
[Link] in pregnancy should be treated by – chloroquine

[Link] control programme single dose chloroquine 600mg is given after taking blood
smear
[Link] level of Iodine in iodized salt - 15ppm
[Link] health policy is based on - Primary health care
[Link] to Blood banks is given by - Drugs controller general of India
[Link] day cough is - whooping cough - in Pertussis
[Link] birth weight is - <2.5kg
[Link] release - 65mcg/day progesterone
[Link] complaint of IUD insertion is - Bleeding.
[Link] disorder to be screened in neonates - Neonatal Hypothyroidism
[Link] age - <16yrs for male & <18yrs for female
[Link] requirement 1gm/kg/day
[Link] important essential fatty acid - linoleic acid
[Link] source of Vit .A/D - Halibut liver oil
[Link] source of vit.c - Amla
[Link] pregnant female are anemic if - Hb is less than 11gm%
[Link] level of fluorine intake is - 0.5-0.8ppm
[Link] = mental age/chronological age x 100
[Link] level of chlorine in water - 0.5mg
[Link] seal in sanitary latrine is - 2 cms
[Link] occupational cancer - Skin cancer
[Link] takes place every - 10 yrs
312.1 PHC is for a population of 30,000
313.8th day disease - Tetanus neonaturum
[Link] is poor in - Vitamin C & iron
[Link] - niacin defeciency
[Link] larva rest parallel to under surface of water
[Link] larvae breed in artificial collection of water
[Link] purpose workers where introduced by - kartar singh commitee
[Link] commitee - 1946
[Link] rate of condom - 2-14 per HWY
[Link] ratio is calculated as - [Link] females/[Link] males x 1000
[Link] death rate is - [Link] deaths / total mid year population x 1000
[Link] ratio of india is - 933
[Link] rate of India (annual) is - 1.93%
[Link] fertility rate is - completed family size
[Link] couple is - married couple with wife in reproductive age group
[Link] defines adolescenes as between - 10-19 yrs age
328.A disease occuring before the age 65 yrs is - Pre-senile
[Link] which stage of the demographic cycle is India currently - Late expanding
[Link] in crude death & crude birth rate - Mid year population
[Link] in pearl index is - [Link] accidental gestations
[Link],according to WHO is - < 20 million sperms per HPF
[Link] for conventional contraception - Condoms
[Link] method of contraception include - rhythm method/coitus interuptus/ breast
 feeding/calendar method/billing method/symptothermic method/basal body temperature
[Link] of sperm is - Azoospermia
[Link] side effect of IUD insertion - Bleeding
[Link] contraceptive method of choice in 37yr well educated woman - Diaphragm
[Link] contraceptives are those which - require action at time of intercourse
[Link] protect against - Fibroadenoma breast,iron deficiency anemia,ovarian ca.
[Link] effects of OCP - liver disease,breast cancer,thromboembolism
[Link] index is normally used for studying - effectiveness of contraceptive
[Link] index is used to evaluate - contraceptive methods
[Link] method of contraception is most effective - Symptothermic method
[Link] methods - Diaphragm/Foam tablets/ vaginal sponge.
[Link] used in the contraceptive - 9- nonoxynol
[Link] - T is preferably inserted postnatal,after - 8 weeks
[Link] T 380 A IUCD should be replaced every 10 yrs
[Link] T has - Silver core
[Link] contraindication of IUCD is - PID
[Link] complication of oral contraceptives - Leg vein thrombosis
[Link] - N - norethisterone - 1mg/ethinyl estradiol -30mcg
[Link] effect of Mini pill - irregular bleeding, depression
[Link] pill contains - only progesterone in small quantity
[Link] coital contraceptives - OCP,RU-486,copper-T
[Link] cost effective contraceptive is - Vasectomy
[Link] feeding must be initiated within after normal delivery - 1 hour,LSCS -4 hrs
[Link] recomendation for initiating breast feed - as early as possible
[Link] health examination must be done every - 6 months
[Link] door&windows area in a class must be - 25%
[Link] to protocol for uncomplicated pregnancy [Link] minimum visits must be - 3
361.'' '' '' '' '' '' '' ideal visits must be - 13-14
[Link] of pediatric iron folic acid - iron-20mg,folic acid-100mcg
[Link] of neonatal meningitis in India - Group B streptococcus
[Link] birth weight in India defined as - birth weight less than 2500 grams
[Link] of new born triples at the age of - 1 yr
[Link] of malnutrition is done by - mid arm circumference,BMI,wgt for age
[Link] status of a child is assessed by - Mid arm circumference
[Link] term pregnancy - >42 weeks period of gestation
[Link] feeding is contraindicated in - Open TB
[Link] of newborn doubles at - 4 yrs
[Link] immunoglobulin is present in Breast milk - Ig A
[Link] of neonatal mortality in India - Low birth weight & prematurity
[Link] Maternal mortality in India - Haemorhage
[Link] requirement of Iron during pregnancy is - 38 mg/day
[Link] test is done in neonates for mass screening of - Phenylketonuria
[Link] of caloreis & proteins received by a preg woman frm anganwadi worker
- 500cals,25gm protein
[Link] birth,care of eye of newborn is by - AgNo3 eye drop
[Link] daily energy requirement during 1st 6 mon for a lactating woman is-550Kcal
[Link] babies - born before 37 weeks
[Link] acid supplementation during lactation period - 150mcg
[Link] iron supplementation in Iron defeciency anemia - 100-150mg
[Link] in pregnancy &lactation is best treated by - Vit D & calcium
[Link] need of calories in pregnancy is - 2500 Kcal
[Link] period extends for - 6 weeks
[Link] mortality rate includes death in 28 weeks to 1st week after birth
[Link] birth - 1000grams baby weight
[Link] of maternal mortality rate - 1000 live birth
[Link] cause of perinatal mortality in iIndia - Prematurity
[Link] referance growth chart lower curve - 3rd percentile
[Link] in growth chart is - 50th percentile
[Link] parameter for assessment for chronic malnutrition - Height for age
[Link] arm circumference is constant during - 1-5 yrs
[Link] to anganwadi centre - 1000MTP is allowed upto 20 weeks
[Link] of milk is determined by - phosphatase test
[Link] & casal's necklace is seen in - defeciency of Vit B3 niacin
[Link] tablets should never be given along with - Milk
[Link] of vitamin A prophylaxis required by a 9 month old child - 1,00,000 IU
[Link] total requirement of iodine by an adult - 150 mcg
[Link] oxidant vitamins include - vit A,C,E
[Link] in 100 ml breast milk - 75 Kcal
[Link] PUFA content is found in - Soyabean oil
[Link] K is given to every child - At birth
[Link] for iron deficiency anemia - serrum ferritin
[Link] essential fatty acid - linoleic acid
[Link] acid found exclusively in breast milk - Docosa hexanoic acid
[Link] content of breast milk in 100ml - 1.1 gm
[Link] D defeciency in children - rickets/in adults - osteomalacia
[Link] daily energy intake of an adult woman with heavy work is - 2900 Kcal
[Link] sole syndrome is seen in defeciency of - pantothenic acid
[Link] fortified salt contains - Iodine + iron

[Link]'s tape is a useful method employed in the field to measure

- mid arm circumference
[Link] technique is used for - defluoridation of water
[Link] much amount of energy is yielded by 1 ml of alcohol in the body - 7 cal
[Link] adult indian male daily requirement of protein is expressed as - 1gm/kg body wgt.
[Link] is defecient in - Wheat
[Link] amino acid in wheat - Lysine
[Link] is defecient in - Methionene
[Link] feature of vitamin A defeciency - dryness of conjunctiva
[Link] prevent congenital neural tube defect - Folic acid
[Link] requirement of vit D in children - 200IU
[Link] disease occurs in maize eating population - Pellagra -niacin-vitB3
[Link] requirement of Iodine for adults is placed - 150 microgram
[Link] of fluoride in drinking water - 0.5-0.8 mg / litre
[Link] of fluorine in drinking water associated with dental fluorosis - 2.0 mg/l
[Link] associated with rash & diarhea - Zinc
[Link] Egg white contributes - 58%
[Link] are reference protein because - increased biological value & NPU
[Link] is defecient in - Carbohydrate
[Link] egg yield about Kcal of energy- 70
[Link] is exclusively fed on cow's milk defeciency seen is - Iron
[Link] with cow's milk,mothers milk has more - lactose
[Link] are rich in - Oxalic acid
[Link] calcium is seen in - Ragi
[Link] boiling of rice reduces - Beri-beri
[Link] are rich source of - Iron
[Link] calorie content is found in - Banana
[Link] calories per 100gm are in - Jaggery
[Link] dropsy is caused by - Sanguinarine
[Link] source of cholesterol is - Egg
[Link] referance man is - 60 kg
[Link] carries is due to defeciency of - Fluorine
[Link] anemia - B12 defeciency
[Link] attained behaviour is - Culture
[Link] line can be defined in terms of - daily calorie intake
[Link] means - culture contact
[Link] is a - system of relation between individuals
[Link] mental retardation children has IQ - 20-34
[Link]=35-47 - profound mental retardation
[Link] of 42 falls in - moderate mental retard
[Link] with 62 will come under - Mild MR
[Link] mental retardation - IQ35-49
[Link] mosquito - aedes
[Link] of bleaching powder required for disinfection of 1000 litre of water - 2.5 grams
[Link] for daily use of water in rural areas in India is - 40 litres per capita
[Link] type of biological transmission - plague
[Link] type of transmission - malaria
[Link] developmental biological transmission - filariasis
[Link] recomended residual chlorine level in drinking water - 0.5 ppm - 1 hour
[Link] required for Swimming pool sanitation - 1.0 mg/litre
[Link] required for Drinking water to kill cyclops - 2.0 md per litre
[Link] - adult mosquito insecticide - DDT
[Link] parallel to under surface of water - Anopheles
[Link] perpendicular to under surface of water - Culex
[Link] in dark bottom corners - Aedes
[Link] attached to rootlets of plants - Mansonia
[Link] thermometer is used to assess - air cooling power
[Link] in drinking water indicates - remote pollution
[Link] permissible dose of radiation exposure for human beings
- 5 rad per person per year
[Link] hardness of water is due to presence of - Ca+ & Mg Bicarbonates
[Link] reliable evidence of fecal contamination of water is provided by - Coliform
bacteria
[Link] undesirable metal in drinking water is - Lead
[Link] for scabies - 5% permethrin
[Link] life span of mosquito is - 8-34 days
[Link] waste from kitchen is called - Garbage
[Link] water in nature is - Rain water
[Link]-toludine test is done to detect - free & combined chlorine in water
[Link] fresh bleaching powder available chlorine is - 33%
[Link] tablet of chlorine is effective to disinfect how much quantity of water - 20L
[Link] for safe drinking water - pH 6.5-8.5
[Link] for problem village - no water source in a distance of 1.6km from
community/water is more than depth of 15 metre/there is no excess of Na+,K+,F+.
[Link] demand is measured by - Horrock's apparatus
[Link] hardness of water - 50-150
[Link] of air changes in one hour in a drawing room should be atleast - 2
[Link] parameter to measure air pollution - SO2
[Link] air pollution carbon monoxide is produced by
-stove/gas heater/combustion equipment
[Link] decibels above which auditory fatigue occurs - 85db
[Link] to noise above which decibels cause permanent loss of hearing - 160 db
[Link] noise level is - 85 dB
[Link] in the ear occurs at - 140dB
[Link] exposure to which decibels cause permanent deafness - 100dB
[Link] limit of exposure to noise upto which there is no damage to hearing - 100dB
[Link] water without human excreta is called - sullage
[Link] sewage ground water is disposed by - Activated sludge process
[Link] land is available the ideal method of disposal is - Controlled tipping
[Link] filter is used in - secondary treatment of sewage
[Link] in rural area is disposed by - Gobar gas plant
[Link] not containing faeces - Sullage
[Link] transmitted by louse - epidemic typhus/trench fever
[Link] egypti transmits - dengue/filaria/yellow fever
[Link] borne disease - typhus/dengue/J.E
[Link] infection transmitted by Tick - KFD/Babesiosis
[Link] species found in coastal region - Anopheles stephensi
[Link] least toxic to man & most toxic to insects - Malathion
[Link] is - contact poisons - organo chlorine compound
[Link] fly causes - onchocerciasis
[Link] mosquito transmits - japanese encephalitis
[Link] green is used to eliminate the larva of - Anopheline
[Link] natural insecticide is used for space spray - Pyrethrum
[Link] Tick transmits - Q fever
[Link] is nuisance mosquito - Culex
[Link] d following - disaster impact-response-rehabilitation-mitigation
[Link] disaster commonly reported disease - gastroenteritis
[Link] nuclear explosion - 26th april 1986 - I131,CS134,CS137,Sr90
[Link],vomit,bleu line in gums,wrist/foot drop,pallor poison due to - Inorganic lead
[Link] occupation cancer in India - Skin
[Link]'s line is seen in - Lead poisoning
[Link] dyes are associated with - Ca bladder
[Link] is caused by - sugarcane dust
[Link] is due to - cotton dust
[Link] fingers may result from which occupational hazards- vibration
[Link] dust,responsible for pnemoconioses has size limit of - < 5 microns
[Link] more prone to develop tuberculosis - Silicosis
[Link] ESI act sickness benefit is given for a period of - 91 days
[Link] foot syndrome are seen in - Trench foot
[Link] officers has to be appointed in factories where [Link] workers is more than - 1000
[Link] sickness benefit is given for - 309 days
[Link] screening test for lead is measurement of - coproprophyrine in Urine
[Link] working in hot environment who consumes more H2o without salt is likely to
develop - Heat cramps
[Link] constitution has declared that children less than ----yrs should not be employed in
factories or mines - 14yrs
[Link] extended sickness benefit is given for - 309 days
[Link]'s contribution of ESI fund is - 4.75%
[Link] drop may be caused as industrial hazard in - Battery industry
[Link] fever associated with - Byssinosis
[Link] affects - Upper lobes of lungs
[Link] particle in a industry is a - chemical hazard
[Link] to detect chromosomal abnormalities can be done as early as
- 14th week of gestation
[Link] abused agent in India - Tobacco
[Link] loss of DALY occurs in which psychiatric disorder - Depression
[Link] method of teaching an urban slum about ORS - Demonstration
[Link] towers of disease - Large hospitals
541.3-Million plan was proposed by - Bhore committee
[Link] was introduced as result of report - Bhore committee
543.3 months training in PSM during internship is recommended by - Bhore committee
[Link] subcenter 1 male & 1 female health worker is recommended by-Kartar singh com
[Link] sequence - planning-objective-goal-evaluation
[Link] cycle - analysis of existing health situation-assessment of resource -
programming & implementation-monitoring & evaluation
[Link] sequence for communicating process - Sender-message-channel-receiver-
feedback
[Link] worker scheme in India was introduced by - Kartar singh committee
[Link] is a technique for - Network analysis
[Link] referral unit is - CHC
[Link] PHC is for population - 30,000
[Link] - centre is fro population- 5000
[Link] is for population - 1,20,000
[Link] is for population - 1000
[Link] guide works at the level of - Village for population of - 1000
[Link] birth attendant is for a population of - 1000
[Link] beds in a community health center is - 30
[Link] slides for Malaria is performed only by - male MPW
[Link] couple regiter is maintained at - Subcentre
[Link] covered by PHCs in hilly(tribal) area - 20,000
[Link] deals with the health of - Travellers
[Link] free country is - Australia
[Link] of the following is used to present qualitative data - Pie chart
[Link] of the following is used to present quantitative data - Histogram
[Link] way to study relationship between two variables - Scatter diagramcentile divides
data into - 100 equal parts
[Link],Median,mode are measures of central tendency

Bhore committee - Health survey & Development committee

Mudaliar committee - Health survey & Planning committee
Jungalwallah committee - Committee on integration of Health services
Kartar singh committee - Committee on MPWs under health & family planning
Srivastava committee - Group on Medical education & support manpower
Krishnan committee - Integration of PHCs

Triage Colour Priority Inclusion

Category coding
1 Red Highest Immediate resuscitation,Limb/life saving
surgeries on 0-6 hours
2 Blue/Yellow High Possible resuscitation,limb/life saving surgeries
on 6-24 hrs
3 Green Low Minor(non-life threatening) injuries
4 Black Least Dead persons,moribund persons
Vitamin Chemical name Deficiency Daily requirement
Vit A Retinol,retinoid, Xerophthalmia 600 mcg retinol
carotenoid
Vit B1 Thiamine Beri-beri,wernickes 0.5 mg per 1000kcal of
korasoff psychosis energy intake
Vit B2 Riboflavin Ariboflavinos 0.5 mg per 1000 kcal
Vit B3 Niacin,niacinamide Pellagra 6.6 mg per 1000kcal
Vit B5 Pantothenic acid Burning feet syndrome 10 mg
Vit B6 Pyridoxine, Anemia 2 mg
pyridoxamine,
pyridoxal
Vit B7 Biotin Dermatitis,enteritis
Vit B9 Folic acid Megaloblastic anemia, 100 mcg
neural tube defects
Vit B12 Cyanocobalamin Megaloblastic anemia 1 mcg
Methylcobalamin
Vit C Ascorbic acid Scurvy
Vit D Ergocalciferol Rickets,osteomalacia 100IU(25mcg calciferol)
Cholecalciferol
Vit E Tocopherols Hemolytic anemia in 0.8 mg per gram
newborn
Vit K Phylloquinone Hemorhagic disease of 0.03 mg per kg
newborn
 Disease Exposure source
Silicosis Silica dust
Anthracosis Coal dust
Asbestosis Asbestos dust
Byssinosis Cotton fibre
Bagassosis Sugar cane
Berylliosis Beryllium
Farmer's lung Mouldy hay
Siderosis Iron dust
Stannosis Tin dust
Bird fancier's lung Avian/bird droppings
Compost lung compost

Biomedical waste Treatment/disposal

Human anatomical waste Incineration / deep burial
Animal waste Incineration / deep burial
Microbiology/biotechnology waste Local autoclaving/microwave/incineration
Waste sharps Chemical treatment/autoclaving/
microwave&mutilation/shredding
Discarded medicines&Cytotoxic drugs Incineration/destruction/secured landfills
Soiled waste Incineration/auto claving/microwave
Solid waste Chemical treatment/autoclaving/
Microwvae&mutilation/shredding
Liquid waste Chemical treatment
Incineration Ash Sanitary landfill
Chemical waste Chemical treatment&secured landfill

Agent Cancer caused

Asbestos Mesothelioma
Arsenic Skin,[Link]
Benzene Leukemia
Benzidine Urinary bladder
Beryllium Lung
Cadmium Lung
Chromium Nasal sinus,lung
Ethylene oxide Leukemia
Ionizing radiation Skin,thyroid,lung
Nickel Nasal sinus, lung
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Skin,scrotum,lung
Radon Lung
Silica Lung
Vinyl chloride Liver
Wood dust Nasal sinus