GRID AND PERVASIVE COMPUTING
Dhivyalakshmy.C.R ,Swathi.S,
[Link] IInd year
Institute of Road and Transport Technology,Erode
Email-id: dhivya1995@[Link]
Contact phone no: 9488981336, 9566615624
ABSTRACT: Fig.1 Grid computing
The objective of this paper is to bring to light Technology behind grid computing
the concepts of grid computing, pervasive
computing, intersection of pervasiveness in
Computers within a grid system can be either
grids .
hardwired together or run on open systems
Keywords-Computational grids-nodes- that connect with each other via the web.
ubiquitous computing. They can also run on the same operating
INTRODUCTION: system (homogenous system) or on different
operating systems (heterogeneous system).
[Link] COMPUTING:
The Basic idea between Grid Computing is Networks are constructed with the aid of
to utilize the ideal CPU cycles and storage of general-purpose grid software libraries
million of computer systems across a (“middleware”) that allow computers the
worldwide network function as a flexible, ability to run a process or series of
pervasive, and inexpensive accessible pool
that could be harnessed by anyone who needs applications across an entire network of
it. machines. Without it, communication across
the system would be impossible.
There’s also at least one machine, referred to
as the “control node,””Super virtual
computers” which prioritizes and schedules
tasks across the entire network. It determines
what resources each task will be allowed to
access and monitors the system to make sure
that everything doesn’t become overloaded.
Advantages :
- Collaboration: grid offers a federated advanced middleware, operating
platform for distributed and collective work. system, sensors, microprocessors,
- Ownership : resource providers maintain new I/O and user interfaces, networks,
ownership of the resources they contribute to mobile protocols, location and positioning
the grid and new materials.
- Transparency: the technologies used are This new paradigm is also described
open source, encouraging trust and as pervasive computing, ambient
transparency. intelligence or 'everyware' Each term
- Resilience: grids are located at multiple emphasizes slightly different aspects. When
sites, reducing the risk in case of a failure at primarily concerning the objects involved, it
one site that removes significant resources is also known as physical computing,
from the infrastructure. the Internet of Things, haptic computing and
Disadvantages: 'things that think'. Rather than propose a
- Reliability: grids rely on distributed single definition for ubiquitous computing
services maintained by distributed staff, often and for these related terms, a taxonomy of
resulting in inconsistency in reliability across properties for ubiquitous computing has been
individual sites, although the service itself is proposed, from which different kinds or
always available. flavors of ubiquitous systems and
- Complexity: grids are complicated to build applications can be described.
and use, and currently users require some
level of expertise. Ubiquitous computing touches on a wide
- Commercial: grids are generally only range of research topics,
available for not-for-profit work, and for including distributed computing, mobile
proof of concept in the commercial sphere computing, location computing, mobile
Outlook networking, context-aware
Standardized protocols and tools still need to computing, sensor networks, human-
be agreed upon. As a result, the concept is computer interaction, and artificial
still being perfected. Many agree, though, intelligence.
that the potential for grid computing systems
is limitless.
[Link] GRIDS:
[Link] COMPUTING:
A sensor grid integrates wireless sensor
Pervasive computing (or) Ubiquitous networks with grid computing concepts to
computing (ubicomp) is a concept where enable real-time sensor data collection and
computing is made to appear everywhere and the sharing of computational and storage
anywhere. In contrast to desktop computing, resources for sensor data processing and
ubiquitous computing can occur using any management. It is an enabling technology for
device, in any location, and in any format. building large-scale infrastructures,
Technologies supporting ubiquitous integrating heterogeneous
computing include Internet,
sensor, data and computational resources
deployed over a wide area, to undertake
complicated surveillance tasks such
as environmental monitoring.
Sensor Grid is characterized by:
Distributed Sensor Data Access and
Integration: relating to both the
heterogeneity and geographic distribution
of the sensors within a sensor grid and
how sensors can be located, accessed and
integrated within a particular study.
Fig.2 Sensor Grid
Large Data Set Storage and
Advanced techniques in artificial
Management: relating to the sizes of data intelligence, data fusion, data mining, and
being collected and analyzed by multiple distributed database processing can be
users at different locations for different applied to make sense of the sensor data and
purposes. generate new knowledge of the environment.
The results can in turn be used to optimize
Distributed Reference Data Access and the operation of the sensors, or influence the
Integration: relating to the need for operation of actuators to change the
integrating the analysis data collected environment. Thus, sensor grids are well
from a Sensor Grid with other forms of suited for adaptive and pervasive
data available of the Internet. computing applications.
Intensive and Open Data Analysis
Computation: relating to the need for MERGING OF PERVASIVE COMPUTING
using a multitude of analysis components AND GRID COMPUTING:
such as statistical, clustering, Nowadays, we are experiencing an
visualization and data classification tools increasing use of mobile and embedded
devices. These devices, aided by the
that could be executing remotely on high emergence of new wireless technologies and
performance computing servers on a software paradigms, among other
computational Grid. technological conquests, are providing means
to accomplish the vision of a new era in
computer science..” Their sizes were
reduced, cables were substituted by wireless
connections, and they are becoming part of
everyday objects, such as clothes,
automobiles, and domestic equipments. This
paradigm of computation is known as
pervasive computing (Weiser, 1991). It is
mainly characterized by the use of portable
devices that interact with other portable
devices and resources from wired networks Srinivasan, S.H. ; Appl. Res. Group, Satyam
to offer personalized services to the users. Comput. Services Ltd., Bangalore, India
The major problems arise from the
limitations of the devices. At the same time [4] Economic-based Distributed Resource
that pervasive computing was attaining space Management and Scheduling for Grid
within the research community, the field of
grid computing (Foster, Kesselman, & Computing, Monash University, Melbourne,
Tuecke, 2001) was also gaining growing Australia, April 2002
importance. More than just a low cost
platform for high performance computing,
grid computing emerges as a solution for
virtualization and sharing of computational
resources. In the context of virtual
organizations, both grid and pervasive
computing assemble a number of features
that are quite desirable for several scenarios
within this field, notably the exchanging of
.
information and computational resources
among environments and organizations. The
features of these technologies are enabling
system designers to provide newer and
enhanced kinds of services such as industry,
marketing, commerce, education, businesses,
and [Link] have made
attempts of extracting and incorporating the
better of the two technologies, thus fostering
the evolution of existing solutions and the
development of new applications. On the one
hand, pervasive computing researchers are
essentially interested in using wired grids to
hide the limitations of mobile devices. On the
other hand, grid computing researchers are
broadening the diversity of resources
adhered to the grid by incorporating mobile
devices.
CONCLUSION:
The combination of both these domains
provide enhanced user utilities and
advantages like extending access control for
restricted capabilities of thin
[Link] grids pave a bright way for
future innovations.
REFERENCES:
[1] Pervasive and Grid Computing Merging
Loreno Oliveira
[2] The Ubiquitous Grid
Patricia Sedlar , (Johannes Kepler University,
Austria)
[3]Pervasive wireless Grid architecture