Fig 2; Manner of conducting studies

Fig 3; Flow chart depicting study methods.

Fig 4; Report on relevance of Mars Mission (NASA)

Fig 5; Earth – Mars comparisons

Fig 6; Earth – Mars comparisons (NASA)

Fig 7; Gravity influence on buildings

Fig 8; Gravity influence on buildings

Fig 9; Dynamic temperature protection system

Fig 10; Solar flares

Fig 11; galactic cosmic rays

Fig 13; radiation protection system

Fig 14; atmosphere facts (NASA)

Fig 15: The dust partitions in Martian atmosphere color the sky pinkish (NASA

Fig 16; Height – pressure chart

Fig 17; pressure load on building

Fig 18; A wind developing (Curiosity 2013)

Fig 19; wind load on the base

Fig 20; Clouds over Noctis Labyrinthus on Mars (Los Alamos National Laboratory)

Fig 21: The map of water occurrence (Viking Orbiter Views of Mars, NASA)

Fig 22: Ice cap on the south pole (NASA/JPL/MSSS)

Fig 23: Ice cap 200m thick covering a Martian crater (ESA)

Fig 24; wind load on the base

Fig 25: A basalt rock Adirondack , a shot taken by Spirita (NASA)

Fig 26: Hematite in Martian Ground (NASA)

Fig 27: In a glutinous Martian ground clear tracks of a rover have been created (NASA/JPL)
Fig 28: report on martian regolith (Popular Science)

Fig 29: Mineral composition table

Fig 30: Olympus Mons – Martian volcano (NASA)

Fig 31: Martian volcano

Fig 32: Hellas Planitia (NASA

Fig 33: Lunae Planum (NASA

Fig 34: Vallis: Section, axonometry

Fig 35: Dao and Niger Valles (ESA)

Fig 36: Chasma: Section, axonometry

Fig 37: Coprates Chasma (ESA)

Fig 38: Fossa: Section, axonometry

Fig 39: Claritas Fossae (ESA)

Fig 40: Chaos: Section, axonometry

Fig 41: Aureum Chaos: perspective of a piece of an area(ESA)

Fig 42: Rupes: Section, axonometry

Fig 43: Rupes on Claritas Fossae (ESA)

Fig 44: Scopulus: Section, axonometry

Fig 45: Scopulus on Mars (NASA)

Fig 46: Small mensa on Mars (ESA)

Fig 47: Hills: Section, axonometry

Fig 48: Hills of Crater Hale (ESA)

Fig 49: Large crater: section,

Fig 50: Crater Dunefield (ESA) Axonometry

Fig 52Martian slopes (ESA)

Fig 53: Examples of Martian craters (on the left by NASA, on the right by ESA)

Fig 54; Study concepts of multi-storey base located within a slope,An entrance atop or at the foothill

Fig 55; Outline concepts of multi-storey base located in a hill

Fig 56; Outline concepts of bases located in a crater and in a valley

Fig 57; Outline concepts of bases located in a chaotic terrain

Fig 58; Different cases of architecture referring to landscape: A) a base located within an existing
landscape, B) one put within a transformed landscape, C) one independent of a landscape

Fig 59: Space suit and planned Martian suit (David 2005)

Fig 60: The Moon vehicle of Apollo 15 mission (NASA)

Fig 61: A model of Polish mpv vehicle (Mars Society Poland)

Fig 62; reliance of LSS subsystems

Fig 63; self-sufficiency diagram

Fig 64: The whole wall space in ISS is covered with sophisticated Apparatus (NASA)

Fig 65: People are squeezing between lots of LSS and monitoring instruments, and research equipment
(NASA)

Fig 66: Common Cabin Air Assembly

Fig 67: Intermodule Ventilation Fan

Fig 68: Bacteria Filter

Fig 69: RCRS (HSSSI)

Fig 70; BIOS II Plan

Fig 71; BIOS II , a cross sectional view

Fig 72: Bios-3 scheme

Fig 73: Private room([Link])

Fig 74; LSS module attached to the base

Fig 75; Illustration of a martian feeling depressed

Fig 77; Psychological threats

Fig 78: Conflict reliance to the number of members of in an isolated group (Dudley-Rowley and others
2004

Fig 79; Adventure

Fig 80; Entertainment activities

Fig 81; Windows in Martian habitats

sports, illustration

Fig 82; intimacy gradient

Fig 83; Sports and leisure activities in Martian habitat

Fig 83; solutions for solving psychological issues

Fig 84; comfort diagram

Fig 85;indoor comfort diagram

Fig 86: Private room at ISS (JSC, NASA)

Fig 87: A shower at the Space

station Skylab (NASA)

Fig 88: An annex with a sink in

a module LMLSTP (JSC NASA)

Fig 89:illustration showing space confinement in mars

Fig 90:placement of common area

Fig 91: home environment

Fig 92:indoor illustrations

Fig 93:illustrations of martian interiors

Fig 94: Martian view of home

Fig 96: room program

Fig 97: illustrations of windows in the Martian habitat

Fig 98: The view of Halley IV made from metal tubes before covering the with snow (British Antarctic
Survey)

Fig 97; layout of Halley station VI

Fig 98; sectional view, Halley station VI

Fig 99 ; design sketches, Halley station VI

Fig 100; layout of Halley station VI: Aquarius: the outside view(NOAA/UNCW)

Fig 102; informal settlement, Dharavi

Fig 103; axonometric view, typical dwelling

Fig 104; Diogene House, view

Fig 105; Diogene house, sectional view

Fig 106; Diogene house, illustrated view

Fig 107: a bird's eye view of Matmata,

Tunisia, with many courtyard subterranean

habitats (Temeemi i Harris 2004)

Fig 110: A multi-functional courtyard:

cultivation terraces, a well to draw water in

the middle (Matmata, Tunezja)

Fig 111: Entrance to the second floor is possible with the foot-holes cut out in rock (A)

or stairs carved out in rock (B) (Matmata, Tunis)

Fig 112; Matmata, Tunis,Plan

Fig 113: A house of J. Barnard (Temeemi and Harris 2004)

Fig 113: A subterranean house in the

slope (Pawłowski 2004)

house by Pawłowski (2004)

Fig 115: The kinds of subterranean

buildings by Pawłowski (2004)

Fig 116; ISS, Sectional view

Fig 117; International Space Station

Fig 118: The photos of the insides of the ISS habitat (NASA)

Fig 119: The pictures of the insides of the Space Shuttle: A) astronauts

sleeping B) astronauts sharing a meal (NASA)

Fig 120; The Lunar

Module of Apollomission (NASA)

Fig 121; Astronauts sleeping in the

Apollo LM (NASA)

Fig 122: MDRS

Fig 123: MDRS, Plan

Fig 124; Metal constructions plans: packed and after being assembled: A) oneelement module , B)
detachable module, C) hybrid module, D) assembled multielement construction, E) skeletal structure
construction

Fig 125: The construction assembled from panels with edges adapted to slip into another one: A) Brzezicki's
idea, B), C), D), E) other methods of adapting panel's edges to slide into: the author's concepts

Fig 126: Folding multilateral element(Hedgepeth)

Fig 127: Expandable Hoberman Dome(Hoberman )

Fig 128: Hoberman Arch (Wikipedia)

Fig 129: Connectingjoint of foldingstructures

Fig 130: Tent, folding structure (Hoberman 1991b)

Fig 131: Hoberman sphere (1991b)

Fig 132: The folding module of the Sun aerial, designed to use the Space

Shuttle crane to mount it. (Hedgepeth and Miller 1987)

Fig 134: ICSID Congress pneumatic city in Ibiza (Muire 1971) A) view, B) plan

Fig 135: Inflatable multi-air-bag cover(type II)(Tarczewski)

Fig 136: An inflatable rib-construction magazine (type III) (Tarczewski)

Fig 137: An inflatable display pavilion made from inflatable bar and pole truss elements

Fig 138: Eden Project: metal construction with inflatable panels (Eden Project Ltd.)

Fig 139: Typical cross-sections of mining excavations A-F, and G and H show parallel excavations
(Muller-Salzburg 1978)

Fig 140 : Drilling vehicle (Deilmann- Haniel mining systems)

Fig 141: Worker installing a gabion (BMTG)

Fig 142: Excavator loading gabions(BMTG)

Fig 143: A machine to product earth blocks (AECT) Fig 145: A cutting machine tomake earth blocks
(AECT) Fig 146: A house built from CEBs ([Link])

Fig 147:Interiors of the house built from CEBs (E. Hunting)

Fig 148: Different types of pressing layed with stone construction (described in the text)

Fig 149: Corbel arch Picture 6.49: Barrel arch Picture 6.50: Slanting barrel arch

Fig 150: The stages of building slanted barrel arch (Petrov 2004)
Fig 151: Super Adobe construction during building (Cal-Earth)

Fig 152: Super Adobe ready building (Cal-Earth)

Fig 153: Construction made from multi-chamber bags supported on arches.

Fig 154: Ballasted construction made from multi-chamber bags with a ceiling.

Fig 155: Multichamber bags with firming supporters: up—unfolded, down—folded.

Fig 156: Igloo

Fig 157: Ice Hotel in Quebec, outside view (IceHotel 2007)

Fig 158: Ice Hotel in Jukkasjarvi, a corridor (Gadomska 1999)

Fig 159: Basic streamlined forms: A) sphere, B) cylinder, C) torus; D) dome, E) arch/vault, F) cut of torus

Fig 160: Outlines of different solutions with the use of spheric-like forms to plan Martian base: A) adjacent

forms, B) a complex of buildings under one cover, C) multi-modular complex

Fig 161: Concept outline of Martian base: different combinations of spheric-like forms

Fig 162: Curves of A) sphere, B)torus, and C) cylinder

Fig 163: Curves on different floors

Fig 164:Case A separation from curves

Fig 165: Case B—'straightening'curves

Fig 166: Example 1, basic units

Fig 167: illustration 1

Fig 168: Example 1, illustration 2

Fig 170: Example 2, illustration 1

Fig 171: Example 2, illustration 2

Fig 172: Example 2, illustration 3

Fig 173: Different kinds of exits to surface form hermetic Martian base:A) on surface (typical airlock)and
B,C) underground (communication route inside habitable space or independent)

Fig 174: Communication (in red) outside route: A,B) cross-sections and examples: C) pneumatic city Ibiza
City (Muire 1971),underground base—KBOM project (Anatoly Zak, [Link])

Fig 175: Communication (in red) intersecting modules: A,B) cross-sections and examples: C) multi-
modular base (Sabouni and others 1991), D) base in an iceblock (R&Sie 2002)

Fig 176: Peripheral communication (in red): A,B,C) cross-sections and examples: D) brick base
(MacKenzie), E) inflatable base (Chow and Lee)

Fig 177: Vegetative spaces, illustration

Fig 178:zoning concepts

Fig 179: Spaces in F-MARS for exercising