21

CHAPTER 5

DESIGN OF R.C.C TEE BEAM BRIDGE

5.1 DESIGN OF DECK SLAB

5.1.1 DATA

Clear width of roadway = 7.5m

Span of the bridge = 16m

Average thickness of the wearing coat = 80mm

Grade of concrete = M25

Grade of steel = Fe415

(It is a two lane traffic road = 7.5m,Foot path can be provided as 1 to 1.5m)

PLAN
1m

7.5 m

Kerb 600 x 300

300 mm

200 mm

DECK SLAB
80WC

600 mm
1400

1850 2500 300 2500 1850

Cross Section of Bridge - Deck

Cross Girder
2.5 m

Longitudinal Girder
m
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Cross Girder

2.5 m
Longitudinal Girder

2.5 m
4m 4m 4m 4m

Plan of Bridge - Deck

Fig 5.1 Tee Beam and Slab Bridge Deck

5.1.2PERMISSIBLE STRESSES

=8N/

= 200N/

m=10

j= 0.9

Q=1.1

5.1.3CROSS–SECTION OF DECK

Assume the thickness of slab = 200mm

Depth of girder = 100mm/m span

=16x100

=1600mm

Depth of rib = 1600-200 = 1400mm

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5.1.4 DESIGN OF INTERIOR SLAB PANEL:

[Link] BENDING MOMENTS

Dead load:

Dead weight of slab = 0.2x25

=5KN/m2

Dead weight of wearing coat = 0.08 x 22

=1.76KN/m2

Total dead load = 6.76KN/m2

Live Load:

Consider one panel of the bridge & make the one track of the wheel at the
center of the panel.

L=4m v

0.85m

B=2.5m

Fig 5.1 Position of wheel load for maximum bending moment

 24

u = 0.85 + (2 x 0.08) = 1.01m

v = 3.6 + (2 x 0.08) = 3.76m

B = 2.5m

L = 4m

K = B/L = 2.5/4 = 0.625

U/B = 1.01/2.5 = 0.404

V/L = 3.76/4 = 0.94

Referring to Pigeaud’s curves

For k = 0.625, See in k = 0.6

m1 = 8.5 x 10-2

m2 = 2.4 x 10-2

µ = 0.15 (always)

MB = w(m1 +µm2) (shorted direction B.M)

W = 350kN weight of one wheel

MB = 350 (8.5 x 10-2 + 0.15 x 10-2)

= 31.01KN.m

ML = w (m2 + µm1)

=350(2.4 x 10-2 + 0.15 x 8.5 x 10-2)

=12.86 kNm
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[Link] SHEAR FORCES

0.705m

80
200mm

1..4m

2.2m
0.3m
2.5m

Fig5.2 Position of wheel for maximum shear

Dispersion in the direction of the span = 0.85+2(0.08+0.2) = 1.41m

For maximum shear, Load is kept such that the whole dispersion is in the span.
The Load is kept at 1.41/2 = 0.705KN from the edge of the beam as shown in
figure.

Effective width of slab,

be = kx(1- X/L) + bw

Breadth of cross girder = 300mm

Clear length of panel = 2.2m

K = B/L = longer direction/shorter direction

=3.7/2.2

=1.68

K = continuous beam (since T-beam)

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bw = 3.6 + (2 x 0.08)=3.76m

Therefore, be = 2.52 x 0.705(1-0.705/2.2) + 3.6 + (2 x 0.08)=5m

be = effective width of dispersion = 5m

Load / m width = Load/be = 350/5 =70KN

Maximum shear force ,RA = 70(2.2 – 0.705/2.2) = 47.60KN

Shear force with impact for 2.2m span 25% = 1.25 x 47.6

=59.50KN

[Link] IMPACT ALLOWANCE

0 – 5m = 25 %

5 – 9m = 10 %

Here consider only the span of the panel

Impact allowance = 25 %

Impact factor = 1.25 (1 + 25/100)

= (w + 25/100 x w)

= (w + 0.25w)

=1.25w

Since the cable is continuous, take the continuity effect.

Continuity factor = 0.8

80 % of B.M of S.S is taken for continuous beam, on taking into account of

I.F & C.F
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[Link] DEAD LOAD BENDING MOMENTS AND SHEAR FORCE:

DL=6.76KN/ m2

K = B/L = 2.5/4 = 0.625

1/K = 1/0.625 = 1.6

From Pigeaud’s curve

m1 = 4.9 x 10-2

m2 = 1.5 x 10-2

Here only continuous factor & no impact factor for dead load B.M

Dead Load = 6.76kN/m2

Total dead load = 6.76 x 4 x 2.5

=67.6kN = w

MB = w (m1 + m2µ)

= 67.6(4.9 x 10-2 + 0.15 x 1.5 x 10-2)

= 3.46kNm

ML = w (m2 + µm1)

= 67.6(1.5 x 10-2 + 0.15 x 4.9 x 10-2)

=1.51kNm

With continuity factor of C.F = 0.8

D.L MB = 3.46 x 0.8

= 2.77KN.m
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D.L ML = 1.51 x 0.8

=1.208KN.m

=1.21KN.m

Dead Load S.F = wl/2

=6.76 x 2.2/2

=7.44KN

[Link] DESIGN MOMENTS AND SHEAR

Total MB = L.L + D.L

=31.01 + 2.77

= 33.78KN.m

Total ML = L.L + D.L

= 12.86 + 1.21

= 14.07KN.m

Total shear force = D.L SF + L.L SF

= 59.50 + 7.44

= 66.94KN

5.1.4.6DESIGN OF SECTION

Effective depth , d = √

Q= xjxk= x 0.9 x 0.3

= 1.1
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d= √

= 175mm

Hence safe.

SHORTER SPAN:

Ast = M/(σst x j x d)

=33.78 x 106/(200 x 0.9 x 175)

=1072mm2

Using 16 mm dia bars,

Spacing = 180mm

LONGER SPAN:

Effective depth = (175 - 8 - 10/2)

= 162mm

Ast = (14.07 x 106)/(200 x 0.9 x 162)

=482mm2

Using 10mm dia bars,

Spacing = 160mm

[Link] CHECKFOR SHEAR

Nominal shear stress , τ = v/bd

= 66.76 x 103/175 x 103

= 0.38N/mm2
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k1 = (1.14-0.7*0.175) = 1.0175 ≥ 0.5

k2 = (0.5+ 0.25 )

where = (100A/bd) and As = 1341mm2

= (100*1341)/(103*175) = 0.766

k2 = (0.5 + 0.25*0.766) = 0.69 ≥ 1

For M25 Grade Concrete , = 0.40 N/mm2

= k1k2

= (1.0175 * 1* 0.40) = 0.407 N/mm2

Since < , shear stresses are within safe permissible limits

5.2 DESIGN OF LONGITUDINAL GIRDER

Distribution of live loads among the longitudinal girder can be estimated by any
one of the following rational method

 Courbon’s method
 Hendry-Jaegar method
 Guyon-Massonet method

Conditions to be satisfied for adapting courbon’s method

1. The ratio of span to width of deck is greater than 2 but less than 4.
2. The longitudinal girders are inter connected by atleast 5 symmetrically
spaced cross girder.
3. The cross girders extend to a depth of atleast 0.75 of the depth of the
longitudinal girder.

Formula by Courbon’s method

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= [ ]

= Reaction factor for girder under consideration

I= Moment of inertia of each longitudinal girder

=distance of the girder under consideration from the central axis of thebridge

n= number of longitudinal girders

e= eccentricity of live load with respect to the axis of the bridge

= total load (350 KN+ 350KN) of two wheels

4.35
7.5m
1.2m 0.85 0.6 e=1.1m

0.6 1.25 2.5m 2.5m 1.25 0.6m

1.85 8.7m

Fig5.3 Position of Live Loads for Maximum BM in Girder

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5.2.1 REACTION FACTORS

Using Courbon’s theory, the IRC class AA loads are arranged for maximum
eccentricity as shown in fig

 Reaction factor at outer girder(A)

= * +

= 1.107

 Reaction factor at inner girder (B)

= * +

If w = axle load + 700KN

Where = 0.5w

= 1.107*0.5w

= 0.5536w [reaction factor =0.5536]

= 0.3333w
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5.2.2 DEAD LOAD FROM SLAB FOR GIRDER

Take the cantilever part

Parapet
railing

0.3m
kerb

0.3m
80mm

0.2m 200m

600mm 1100mm

1.25

Fig5.4 Details of Deck Slab Kerb and Parapet

Dead load of the deck slab

Parapet railing - 0.7 KN/mupto1KN/m

Wearing coat =(22*1.1*0.08) - 1.936 KN/m

Deck slab =(24*1.1*0.2) - 5.28 KN/m

Kerb = (24*0.6*0.5) - 7.2 KN/m

Total load - 15.116 KN/m

Total dead load of deck = (2*15.116) + (6.76*5.3)

= 66.06 KN/m

It is assumed that the dead load is shared equally by all the girders.
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Considering the girder to be rigid

Dead load / girder = 66.06/3

= 22.02 KN/m

5.2.3 LIVE LOAD BENDING MOMENT IN GIRDER

Span of the girder = 16m

}= 10%

The live load is placed centrally on the span.

Bending moment = ( )700

= 2485 KN-m

Area of one side = [ ]

= 6.39

Area of two side = 2* 6.39

= 12.78 m

M max = *12.78

= 2485 KN-m

Bending moment including impact and reaction factor for outer girder A

= 2485 * 1.1 * 0.5536

= 1513KN-m
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Bending moment including impact and reaction factor of inner girder B

= 2485 * 1.1 * 0.3333

= 912KN-m

5.2.4 LIVE LOAD SHEAR IN GIRDER

For estimating the maximum Live load shear in th girder, the IRC class AA
loads are placed as shown in fig

Reaction of on girder B =

= 63 KN

Reaction of on girder A =

= 287 KN

Total load on girder B = 350+63

= 413 KN

Total load on girder A = 350-63

= 287 KN

Maximum reaction in

Girder B

Reaction on girder B =

= 366 KN
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Girder A

Reaction on girder A =

= 255 KN

Maximum Live load shear with impact factor in

Inner girder B = 366 * 1.1 =402.6 KN

Outer girder A = 255*1.1 = 280.5 KN

5.2.5 DEAD LOAD MOMENTS AND SHEAR FORCE IN MAIN

GIRDER

The depth of girder is assumed as 1600mm (100mm for every meter of span).

Depth of rib = 1.4m

Width of rib = 0.3m

Weight of rib/m = 24 * 1.4 * 0.3 = 10.08 KN/m

The cross girder is assumed to have the same cross section dimensions of the
main girder.

Weight of cross girder = 10.08 KN/m

Reaction on main girder = 10.08 * 2.5

= 25.2KN/m

Reaction from the deck slab = 22.02KN/m

Total dead load / m on girder = 22.02+10.5

= 32.52 KN/m
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Total downward load = (25.2*5) + (32.52*16)

= 646.32 KN

= = = 323.16 KN

M max at center = (32.52*162 )/8+(25.2*16)/4+(25.2*16)/4 = 1242.24 KN-m

Dead load shear at the support = (32.52*16)/2+25.2+(25.2/2)=297.96 KN

Design moments and shear force

B.M DL B.M LL B.M TOTAL B.M

Outer girder 1242.24KN-m 1513 KN-m 2755.24 KN-m
Inner girder 1242.24 KN-m 912 KN-m 2154.24 KN-m
S.F DL S.F LL S.F TOTAL S.F
Outer girder 297.96 KN 280.5 KN 578.46 KN
Inner girder 297.96KN 402.6 KN 700.56KN

Max B.M = 2755.24KN-m

Max S.F = 700.56KN-m

Effective depth = 1450mm

Approximate Lever arm = 1450-200/2

= 1350mm

Ast = = 10204.59

Provide 32mm ϕ bars

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No of bars = = 12

5.2.6 DESIGN OF SECTION FOR MAXIMUM B.M AND S.F

Nominal shear stress, =

= 1.6N/mm

= = 2.35

= 0.82 N/

= 2.8 N/

Hence safe provide shear reinforcement

Assume 2 bars of 32mm is bent up

Us= (sin

α = 45

Us = 200*2* * *
√

= 227.36 KN

Balance shear = 730.64-227.36

= 503.28KN
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Using 10mm ϕ , 4 legged stirrups

= 170mm

Provide 10mm 4 legged stirrups at 150mm c/c

5.3 DESIGN OF CROSS GIRDER

5.3.1 DEAD LOAD CALCULATION

4m

1.25
45°

1.25
4m

Fig5.5 Loads on Cross Girders

Self-weight of the cross girder(same as longitudinal girder size) = 10.5KN/m

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Dead load from slab = 2* *2.5*1.25*6.76

= 21.125KN

Uniformly distributed load =

= 8.45KN/m

Total load on cross girder = 10.08+8.45

= 18.53 KN/m

Assuming the cross girder to be rigid

Reaction on each cross girder =

Dead load shear = 30.88KN

5.3.2 LIVE LOAD CALCULATION

4m

1.8m
1.8m
4m

2.05m

Fig5.6 Position of Live load for Maximum B.M in Cross Girder

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For maximum B.M in the cross girder, the loads of irc class AA should be
placed as show in fig

Load coming on the cross girder = ( )

=271.25KN

Reaction on 1 =

= 135.6KN

Reaction on 2 =

= 135.6KN

Total reaction on cross girder = 135.6*2

= 271.2KN

Assuming the cross girder as rigid, reaction on each longitudinal girder is

=180.53KN

Live load bending moment including impact = 1.25*266.7

{ ⁄ } = 333.3KN-m

Dead load bending moment at 1.475m from support

= 30.88*1.475 – (18.53*1.475)*( ) = 25.39 KN-m

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}= *1.25

= 226.04KN

Dead load shear = 30.88KN

Total shear = 226.04+30.88

= 256.92KN

5.3.3 DESIGN MOMENTS AND SHEAR FORCE

Max B.M = 359.26KN-m

Max S.F = 256.92KN

Effective depth = 1450mm

Approximate lever arm = 1450-(200/2)

= 1350mm

Ast =

= 1330.59

Provide 32 mm bars

No of bars =

=2
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5.3.4 DESIGN OF SHEAR

Nominal shear stress, =

= 0.6 ⁄

= = 0.31

= 0.39 N/

= 2.8N/

Hence safe provide shear reinforcement

Assume 2 bars of 32mm is bent up

Us= (in

α = 45

Us = 200*2* * *
√

= 227.36 KN

Balance shear = 256.92-227.36

= 29.56KN
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Using 10mm ϕ, 4 legged stirrups

= 354mm

Provide 10mm 4 legged stirrups at 350mm c/c