REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS AND

HIGHWAYS

PASIG-MARIKINA RIVER CHANNEL

IMPROVEMENT PROJECT
(PHASE IV)

SUPPLEMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

IN ACCORDANCE WITH
JICA GUIDELINES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL AND
SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS

JUNE 2018
 Cainta
Floodgate

Taytay Floodgate

PROJECT LOCATION MAP

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Project Location Map

List of Tables
List of Figures
Abbreviations and Measurement Units
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………….. ........1
1.1 Background..............................................................................................................................1
1.2 Necessity of Review and Updating EIS Prepared in 1998 ......................................................2
1.3 Scope of Work .........................................................................................................................2
CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...........................................................................4
2.1 Project Information ..................................................................................................................4
2.2 Project Location and Area .......................................................................................................4
2.3 Project Plan ..............................................................................................................................7
2.3.1 Components of the Project .............................................................................................7
2.3.2 Design Criteria for River Channel Improvement ...........................................................7
2.3.3 Project Facility Plan and Works......................................................................................8
2.4 Project Phases and Construction Plan ...................................................................................24
2.4.1 Project Phases ...............................................................................................................24
2.4.2 Construction Plan and Schedule ...................................................................................24
2.5 Comparison with Project Plans in EIS (1998) .......................................................................32
CHAPTER 3 REVIEW OF ECC and EIS (1998) .............................................................33
3.1 Validity of ECC .....................................................................................................................33
3.2 Compatibility of EIS (1998) with PEISS Requirements .......................................................33
3.3 Compatibility of EIS (1998) with JICA Guidelines ..............................................................33
3.3.1 Overall Compatibility of EIS (1998) with JICA Guidelines .......................................33
3.3.2 Comparison of Scopes among Environmental Study and Monitoring .........................34
CHAPTER 4 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION .........................................................36
4.1 Previous Consultation and Scoping .......................................................................................36
4.2 Stakeholder and Public Consultation Meetings .....................................................................37
CHAPTER 5 CURRENT LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF THE PHILIPPINE EIS
SYSTEM ......................................................................................................44
5.1 Legal Framework .................................................................................................................44
5.2 Procedures of PEISS ..............................................................................................................45
5.3 Projects Covered by PEISS ...................................................................................................46
5.4 Required Documents under PEISS ......................................................................................47
5.5 Public Participation in PEISS ..............................................................................................49
5.6 Responsibility of Relevant Organizations .............................................................................50
5.6.1 DENR-EMB .................................................................................................................50

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 5.6.2 DENR-EMB-NCR ........................................................................................................51
5.6.3 DPWH-ESSD ..............................................................................................................52
5.7 Regal Framework on Environmental and Social Considerations ..........................................53
5.7.1 Environmental Protection and Quality Standards.........................................................53
5.7.2 Solid Waste Management and Disposal ......................................................................54
5.7.3 Protected Areas and Protected Species .......................................................................54
5.7.4 River Area, Land Acquisition and Resettlement .........................................................55
CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE CONDITIONS.....................................57
6.1 Scope of Updated Environmental Baseline Conditions.........................................................57
6.1.1 Scope of Environmental Components .........................................................................57
6.1.2 Objective Area of Environmental Survey .....................................................................58
6.2 Physio-chemical Environment ...............................................................................................62
6.2.1 Air Quality ..................................................................................................................62
6.2.2 Noise ...........................................................................................................................65
6.2.3 River Water Quality ....................................................................................................67
6.2.4 River Sediment Quality ...............................................................................................73
6.2.5 Solid Waste .................................................................................................................79
6.2.6 Land Subsidence .........................................................................................................82
6.2.7 Offensive Odor .............................................................................................................83
6.3 Natural Environment ............................................................................................................84
6.3.1 Meteorology and Climate .............................................................................................84
6.3.2 Pedology, Topography and Geology .............................................................................88
6.3.3 Hydrology .....................................................................................................................99
6.3.4 Terrestrial Flora .........................................................................................................104
6.3.5 Terrestrial Fauna .........................................................................................................108
6.3.6 Aquatic Biota ............................................................................................................ 111
6.3.7 Protected Areas and Environmentally Critical Areas ................................................ 117
6.4 Socio-economic Environment ............................................................................................ 119
6.4.1 Administrative Boundary............................................................................................ 119
6.4.2 Demography ............................................................................................................... 119
6.4.3 Land Use ...................................................................................................................121
6.4.4 Infrastructure and Social Services .............................................................................128
6.4.5 Socio-economic and Livelihood Conditions ..............................................................133
6.4.6 Water Use ..................................................................................................................144
6.4.7 River Dependency .....................................................................................................145
6.4.8 Cultural and Historical Heritage ...............................................................................148
6.4.9 Social Issues ..............................................................................................................150

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 6.4.10 Religion and Worship ...............................................................................................153
6.4.11 Public Health and Infectious Diseases including HIV/AIDS ..................................156
6.4.12 Gender, Vulnerable People and Rights of Children ................................................159
6.4.13 Ethnic Minority and Indigenous People ...................................................................160
6.4.14 Perception of Local People for PMRCIP..................................................................161
CHAPTER 7 POTENTIAL IMPACTS WITHOUT MITIGATION .............................167
7.1 Potential Negative Impacts without Mitigations .................................................................167
7.1.1 Physio-chemical Environment (Pollution) ................................................................167
7.1.2 Natural Environment .................................................................................................171
7.1.3 Socio-economic Environment ...................................................................................177
7.1.4 Summary of Potential Negative Impacts ..................................................................181
7.2 Overall Evaluation on Potential Negative Impacts ............................................................186
CHAPTER 8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ......................................187
8.1 Mitigation Measures Proposed in EIS (1998) .....................................................................187
8.2 Environmental Management Plan for Potential Negative Impacts ......................................187
8.3 Compliance with ECC Conditions ......................................................................................200
8.4 Possible Required Environmental Permission for Phase IV ..............................................203
8.5 Information Disclosure and Implementation of IEC ..........................................................204
8.6 Institutional Plan for Environmental Management and Monitoring ....................................207
CHAPTER 9 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ............................................210
9.1 Overview of Environmental Monitoring for Phase IV .......................................................210
9.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan .........................................................................................210
CHAPTER 10 PRELIMINARY ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY FOR DISAPOSAL
SITE FOR EXCAVATED/ DREDGED MATERIALS ............................220
10.1 Necessity of Environmental Impact Assessment for the Disposal Site ..............................220
10.2 Candidate Areas for Disposal Site ....................................................................................220
10.3 Laws and Regulations related to Dredged Materials ........................................................220
10.4 Environmental Issues on the Disposal Site .......................................................................221
10.4.1 General Issues on Environmental Impacts of Disposal Site ...................................221
10.4.2 Status of Riverbed Sediment Quality ......................................................................222
10.5 Process and Scope for Environmental Impact Assessment for Disposal Site ....................222
10.6 Implementation Schedule .................................................................................................224
CHAPTER 11 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................225
CHAPTER 12 ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLIST .........................................................226

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ANNEX
ANNEX-1 : Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) for Pasig-Marikina
River Channel Improvement Project (1998) ........................................... A-1
ANNEX-2 : Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) for Proposed Backfill
Site for the Dredged Materials of Pasig-Marikina River
Channel Improvement Project Phase III (2013) ..................................... A-5
ANNEX-3 : Terrestrial Flora and Fauna Species Identified in the Survey ................. A-13
ANNEX-4 : Questionnaire of Perception Survey ..................................................... A-18
ANNEX-5 : Record of Public Consultation Meetings .............................................. A-43
ANNEX-6 : Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) for Proposed Backfill
Site along Laguna Lakeshore area in Taytay Municipality .................... A-75
ANNEX-7 : Application to Certificate of Non-Coverage for Cainta and Taytay
Floodgate Construction ......................................................................... A-85
ANNEX-8 : Present Conditions of Natural Environment of the Laguna de Bay ....... A-89
ANNEX-9 : Draft Environmental Monitoring Form .................................................. A-95

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 LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1.1 Implementation Phase of PMRCIP .............................................................................2
Table 2.1.1 Project Information .....................................................................................................4
Table 2.1.2 Proponent Profile.........................................................................................................4
Table 2.3.1 Specification of Project Facility/Works of Phase IV ...................................................8
Table 2.3.2 Summary of Proposed Drainage Facilities for Phase IV ...........................................20
Table 2.4.1 Work Quantities of Major Construction Works for Full Scheme ..............................25
Table 2.4.2 Possible Access to Construction Sites .......................................................................25
Table 2.4.3 Comparison of MCGS Construction Method ............................................................28
Table 3.3.1 Comparison of Scopes between EIS (1998) and JICA Guidelines............................34
Table 5.1.1 List of Laws and Regulations/Guidelines for PEISS ................................................44
Table 5.3.1 Summary of Environmentally Critical Projects (ECPs) ............................................46
Table 5.3.2 Summary of Environmentally Critical Areas (ECAs) .............................................46
Table 5.4.1 Project Groups for EIA under PEISS .......................................................................47
Table 5.4.2 EIS Outline based DAO No.2003-30 ......................................................................48
Table 6.1.1 Scope of Environmental Components Reviewed/Updated ......................................57
Table 6.2.1 National Ambient Air Quality Guideline (NAAQG) for Criteria Pollutants ...........62
Table 6.2.2 Baseline Condition of Ambient Air Quality ............................................................62
Table 6.2.3 Results of Air Quality Monitoring for the Phase II (2009 - 2013) ...........................63
Table 6.2.4 Results of Air Quality Monitoring for the Phase III (2014) .....................................63
Table 6.2.5 TSP Level in Metro Manila (Monitoring Results of DENR-EMB) .........................64
Table 6.2.6 Standards for Noise Level in General Areas ............................................................65
Table 6.2.7 Baseline Condition of Ambient Noise .......................................................................65
Table 6.2.8 Results of Noise Level Monitoring for the Phase II (2009-2013) ...........................66
Table 6.2.9 Result of Noise Level Monitoring for the Phase III (2014) .....................................66
Table 6.2.10 Water Quality Criteria for Fresh Waters of Class C ...............................................67
Table 6.2.11 Baseline Condition of River Water Quality ...........................................................68
Table 6.2.12 Source of Secondary Data for River Water Quality ...............................................69
Table 6.2.13 Monitoring Results of Water Quality along the Pasig-Marikina River
(2001) ....................................................................................................................70
Table 6.2.14 Monitoring Results of Water Quality along the Pasig River (2009-2013) ..............71
Table 6.2.15 Monitoring Results of Water Quality along the Lower Marikina River
(2014) ...................................................................................................................72
Table 6.2.16 Monitoring Results of Water Quality at Marikina Bridge by PRRC .....................72
Table 6.2.17 Evaluation of Updated Baseline Condition ...........................................................73
Table 6.2.18 Quality Standard for Toxic Substances in the River Water .....................................74
Table 6.2.19 Quality Standard for Toxic Substances on Hazardous Wastes ................................74
Table 6.2.20 Baseline Condition of Riverbed Sediment Quality (Elutriate Test) .......................75
Table 6.2.21 Baseline Condition of Riverbed Sediment Quality (TCLP Test) ............................76
Table 6.2.22 Results of Elutriate Analysis during D/D Study (2001) .........................................76
Table 6.2.23 Results of Elutriate Test for Phase III River Stretches (2012) ...............................77
Table 6.2.24 Results of TCLP Test for Phase III River Stretches (2014) ...................................78
Table 6.2.25 Evaluation of Updated Baseline Condition ...........................................................78
Table 6.2.26 Households by Usual Manner of Garbage Disposal (2010) ..................................80
Table 6.3.1 Monthly Rainfall and Rainy Days at Three Stations (Normal Values) ....................85
Table 6.3.2 Average Temperature at Three Stations (Normal Values) ........................................86
Table 6.3.3 Relative Humidity at Three Stations (Normal Values) ............................................86
Table 6.3.4 Prevailing Wind Direction and Speed at Three Stations (Normal Values) ..............86
Table 6.3.5 Projected Changes of Rainfall and Temperature in Metro Manila ............................87
Table 6.3.6 Five Year Averages of Recorded Maximum Daily Rainfall .....................................87
Table 6.3.7 Slope Distribution in Project Phase IV Area ............................................................90
Table 6.3.8 Geological Units within Project Phase IV Area .......................................................93
Table 6.3.9 Annual Average and Maximum Discharge at St. Niño Station ..............................100
Table 6.3.10 Monthly Average Discharge at St. Niño Station during Recent

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 Three Years ........................................................................................................101
Table 6.3.11 Destructive Typhoons/Storms Hit NCR in Recent Five Years
(2009 – 2013) .....................................................................................................101
Table 6.3.12 Threatened Flora Species Recorded along the Phase IV Section ..........................106
Table 6.3.13 Summary of Survey on Terrestrial Flora along the Pasig River ..........................106
Table 6.3.14 List of Threatened Fauna in and around Metro Manila Area ............................... 110
Table 6.3.15 Identified Phytoplankton Species in the Marikina River ..................................... 113
Table 6.3.16 Identified Zooplankton Species in the Marikina River ........................................ 113
Table 6.3.17 Result of Aquatic Biota Monitoring in the Pasig River (Phase II) ...................... 114
Table 6.3.18 Moitoring Result of Phytoplankton in Dec. 2013 (Phase III) ............................... 115
Table 6.3.19 Monitoring Result of Zooplankton in Dec. 2013 (Phase III) ............................... 115
Table 6.3.20 Monitoring Result of Macrobenthos in Dec. 2013 (Phase III) ............................ 115
Table 6.4.1 LGUs Covering the Project Phase IV Area ............................................................ 119
Table 6.4.2 Population for the Philippines, NCR and Cities in the Phase IV Area ..................120
Table 6.4.3 Household Data for the Philippines, NCR and Cities in the Phase IV
Area .....................................................................................................................120
Table 6.4.4 Population by Barangay in the Phase IV Area .......................................................120
Table 6.4.5 Existing Land Use in Barangays of Pasig City in the Phase IV Area......................123
Table 6.4.6 Existing Land Use in Barangays of Quezon City in the Phase IV Area ................125
Table 6.4.7 Existing Land Use in Barangays of Marikina City in the Phase IV Area ..............126
Table 6.4.8 Major Infrastructures Located along the Marikina River (Phase IV) ....................128
Table 6.4.9 Major Social Service Facilities Located along the Marikina River
(Phase IV) .............................................................................................................130
Table 6.4.10 Population by Age Group and Dependency Ratio in Pasig City ...........................133
Table 6.4.11 Number of Business Establishments by Sector and Type in Pasig City ................134
Table 6.4.12 Numberof Household Units by Construction Materials in Pasig City .................135
Tabl6 6.4.13 Household Income and Expenditure in Pasig City (2000-2006) .........................135
Table 6.4.14 Consumption Pattern of All Families and Low-income Families in NCR ............136
Table 6.4.15 Population by Age Group and Dependency Ratio in Quezon City .......................136
Table 6.4.16 Registered Business Establishments in Quezon City ...........................................137
Table 6.4.17 Business Establishments in Phase IV Area in Quezon City ................................137
Table 6.4.18 Number of Household Units by Construction Materials in Quezon City ............138
Table 6.4.19 Household Income and Expenditure in Quezon City (2000-2006) ......................138
Table 6.4.20 Number of Families by Income Class in Quezon City ........................................139
Table 6.4.21 Family Expenses by Expenditure Item ................................................................139
Table 6.4.22 Population by Age Group and Dependency Ratio in Marikina City ....................140
Table 6.4.23 Number of Unemployed People of Labor Force by Barangay in Phase
IV Area ..............................................................................................................140
Table 6.4.24 Registered Business Establishments in Marikina City ........................................141
Table 6.4.25 Number of Registered Manufacturing Firms by Type in Marikina City ...............141
Table 6.4.26 Number of Household Units by Construction Materials in Marikina City ...........142
Table 6.4.27 Household Income and Expenditure in Marikina City (2000-2006) .....................142
Table 6.4.28 Number of Waged People and Wages by Barangay in Phase IV Area ..................143
Table 6.4.29 Number of Households below Poverty Threshold by Barangay in Phase
IV Area ................................................................................................................143
Table 6.4.30 Households by Source of Water Supply for Drinking ...........................................144
Table 6.4.31 Local Heritage Sites Located near the Marikina River (Phase IV) .......................148
Table 6.4.32 Magnitude of Informal Settlers by Area Classification .........................................150
Table 6.4.33 Police and Fire Stations within One-km Distance from Phase IV Area ................151
Table 6.4.34 Population by Religion in Pasig, Marikina and Quezon City ..............................154
Table 6.4.35 Population by Religion by Barangay in Phase IV Area (Pasig City) ....................154
Table 6.4.36 Population by Religion by Barangay in Phase IV Area (Marikina City ................155
Table 6.4.37 Hospital and Health Center by LGU in Phase IV Area .......................................156
Table 6.4.38 Morbidity and Mortality Cases in the Philippines ...............................................156
Table 6.4.39 Morbidity and Mortality Cases in Quezon City ....................................................157

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Table 6.4.40 Morbidity and Mortality Cases in Pasig City ......................................................157
Table 6.4.41 Morbidity and Mortality Cases in Marikina City ................................................157
Table 6.4.42 STD Cases in the Philippines (2013) ...................................................................158
Table 6.4.43 Occurrence of HIV/AIDS by City in Phase IV Area ...........................................158
Table 6.4.44 Gender Distribution with HIV/AIDS Infection ...................................................159
Table 6.4.45 HIV/AIDS Cases per Age Group, 1984-Present ..................................................159
Table 6.4.46 Population by Ethnicity in Pasig, Marikina and Quezon City...............................161
Table 6.4.47 Number of the Respondents by Barangay and by Project Phase .........................162
Table 6.4.48 Awareness of the Project ......................................................................................162
Table 6.4.49 Source of Information about the Project ..............................................................163
Table 6.4.50 Positive Effects of the Project ..............................................................................163
Table 6.4.51 Negative Effects of the Project ............................................................................163
Table 6.4.52 Benefits of the Project to the Community .............................................................164
Table 6.4.53 If Support for the Project .....................................................................................165
Table 6.4.54 Reason for Supporting for the Project ...................................................................165
Table 6.4.55 Reason for Not Supporting for the Project ..........................................................165
Table 6.4.56 Comparison on Perception for the Project between EIA Study (1998) and
the Review Study (2014) ...................................................................................166
Table 7.1.1 Projection of Noise Level from Individual Equipment and Vehicle ......................169
Table 7.1.2 Projection of Vibration Level from Individual Equipment and Vehicle ..................170
Table 7.1.3 Number of Project Affected Residential Buildings, Informal Settler
Families and Business Establishments in the Phase IV Area ................................177
Table 7.1.4 Project- Affected Area by LGUs in the Phase IV Area ..........................................178
Table 7.1.5 Potential Negative Impacts without Mitigation .....................................................182
Table 8.1.1 Mitigation Measures in EIS (1998) .......................................................................187
Table 8.2.1 Environmental Management Plan for Potential Negative Impacts
on Physical-Chemical Environment ......................................................................188
Table 8.2.2 Environmental Management Plan for Potential Negative Impacts
on Natural Environment ......................................................................................191
Table 8.2.3 Environmental Management Plan for Potential Negative Impacts
on Social Environment ........................................................................................193
Table 8.3.1 List of ECC Conditions and Action to be Taken for Compliance ..........................200
Table 8.4.1 Environmental Permissions to be Possibly Required ............................................203
Table 8.5.1 Record of Stakeholder Meetings (Including Both Phase IV and V) .......................204
Table 8.5.2 Summary of Public Consultation Meetings (PCM) for Phase IV ...........................205
Table 8.6.1 Expected MMT Constituents...................................................................................209
Table 9.2.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan for Physical-Chemical Environment ................... 211
Table 9.2.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan for Natural Environment .....................................214
Table 9.2.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan for Socio-economic Environment........................215
Table 10.3.1 List of Related Laws and Regulations on Disposal Site ......................................221
Table 10.4.1 Possible Environmental Issues on the Disposal Site .............................................221
Table 10.5.1 Process of EIA to be Applied for Disposal Site ...................................................223
Table 10.5.2 Proposed Scope of Works for Survey and Analysis in EIA Study for
Disposal Site .........................................................................................................223
Table 10.6.1 Proposed Implementation Schedule of EIA Study for Disposal Site ...................224
Table 12.1 JICA Environmental Checklist for Phase IV ............................................................226

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.2.1 Locations of Proposed Cainta and Taytay Floodgates ...............................................5
Figure 2.2.2 Current Status of River Channel Alignment of Project Phase IV Section .................6
Figure 2.3.1 Design Discharge of the Marikina River ...................................................................7
Figure 2.3.2 Plan of Phase IV Section (1) ....................................................................................10
Figure 2.3.3 Plan of Phase IV Section (2) .................................................................................... 11

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Figure 2.3.4 Plan of Phase IV Section (3) ....................................................................................12
Figure 2.3.5 Typical Cross Section in Phase IV Section (1) ........................................................13
Figure 2.3.6 Typical Cross Section in Phase IV Section (2) ........................................................14
Figure 2.3.7 Typical Cross Section in Phase IV Section (3) ........................................................15
Figure 2.3.8 Typical Cross Section in Phase IV Section (4) ........................................................16
Figure 2.3.9 Typical Cross Section in Phase IV Section (5) ........................................................17
Figure 2.3.10 Location of Marikina Control Gate Structure ........................................................18
Figure 2.3.11 Layout Plan and Cross Section of MCGS..............................................................19
Figure 2.3.12 Layout Plan and Cross Section of Manalo Bridge .................................................20
Figure 2.3.13 Proposed Cainta Floodgate Site .............................................................................21
Figure 2.3.14 Proposed Taytay Floodgate Site.............................................................................21
Figure 2.3.15 Plan of Cainta Floodgate .......................................................................................22
Figure 2.3.16 Plan of Taytay Floodgate .......................................................................................23
Figure 2.4.1 Candidate Location of Access Roads to Construction Sites ....................................26
Figure 2.4.2 New Disposal Site of 4 ha in Taytay Municipality ..................................................27
Figure 2.4.3 Construction Plans of MCGS ..................................................................................29
Figure 2.4.4 Updated Implementation Schedule of PMRCIP Phase IV .......................................31
Figure 5.2.1 Summary Flowchart of EIA Process ........................................................................45
Figure 5.6.1 Organization Chart of DENR-EMB Central Office.................................................50
Figure 5.6.2 Organization Chart of DENR-EMB-NCR ...............................................................51
Figure 5.6.3 Organizational Chart of DPWH-ESSD....................................................................52
Figure 6.1.1 LGUs along the Marikina River in Affected Area of the Phase IV .........................58
Figure 6.1.2 Environmental Monitoring Stations for the PMRCIP, Phase II and III ...................59
Figure 6.1.3 Sampling Locations for Primary Data on Air Quality, Noise, Water
quality and Riverbed Sediment Quality for Phase IV ...........................................60
Figure 6.1.4 Sampling Locations and Survey Area for Primary Data on Terrestrial
Flora and Fauna, and Aquatic Biota for Phase IV .................................................61
Figure 6.2.1 Land Subsidence Map of Metro Manila and Nearby Areas .....................................82
Figure 6.3.1 Climate Map of the Philippines ...............................................................................85
Figure 6.3.2 Pedology Map of Project Phase IV Area .................................................................89
Figure 6.3.3 Landform and Elevation in the Project Phase IV Area ............................................91
Figure 6.3.4 Slope Map of Project Phase IV Area .......................................................................92
Figure 6.3.5 Geological Map of Metro Manila and Nearby Areas...............................................94
Figure 6.3.6 Active Faults and Seismicity in Metro Manila and Southern Luzon .......................95
Figure 6.3.7 Liquefaction Hazard Map of Metro Manila and Nearby Areas ...............................97
Figure 6.3.8 Flooding and Landslide Hazard Map of Metro Manila and Nearby Areas ..............98
Figure 6.3.9 Watershed of the Pasig-Marikina River .................................................................100
Figure 6.3.10 Inundation Area due to Tropical Storm Ondoy, Sep., 2009 .................................103
Figure 6.3.11 Some Flora Species Recorded along Phase IV Area (1) ......................................105
Figure 6.3.12 Some Flora Species Recorded along Phase IV Area (2) ......................................105
Figure 6.3.13 Some Fauna Species Observed along Phase IV Area ..........................................109
Figure 6.3.14 Fish Species Caught in Pasig-Marikina River (Dec. 2013) ................................. 116
Figure 6.3.15 Location Map of Protected Areas near Phase IV Area......................................... 118
Figure 6.4.1 Land Use Map of Phase IV Area ...........................................................................122
Figure 6.4.2 Location of Major Infrastructures within Phase IV Are ........................................129
Figure 6.4.3 Location of Major Social Service Facilities within Phase IV Area .......................132
Figure 6.4.4 Location of Local Cultural and Historical Heritages within Phase IV Area ..........149
Figure 7.1.1 Design Flood Discharge Distribution for River Improvement (30-Year Return
Period) .................................................................................................................172
Figure 7.1.2 Additional Rising of Water Level in the Laguna de Bay .......................................173
Figure 8.6.1 Institutional Relationship for Environmental Management and Monitoring
for PMRCIP, Phase IV ........................................................................................208

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 ABBREVIATIONS

ADB : Asian Development Bank

AIDS : Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
AO : Administrative Order
ARAP : Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan
BOD : Biochemical Oxygen Demand
CCA : Climate Change Adaptation
CCEP : Construction Contractor’s Environmental Program
CENRO : Community Environment and Natural Resources Office
CITES : Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
CLENRO : City Local Environment and Natural Resource Office, LGU
CLUP : Comprehensive Land Use Plan
CNC : Certificate of Non-Coverage
COD : Chemical Oxygen Demand
C/S : Construction Supervision
CTI : Construction Technology Institute (Consultant)
DAO : DENR Administrative Order
dBA : A-Weighted Decibel (Unit of Noise Level)
D/D : Detailed Design
DENR : Department of Environment and Natural Resources
DO : Dissolved Oxygen
DOH : Department of Health
DOLE : Department of Labor and Employment
DPWH : Department of Public Works and Highways
DRR : Disaster Risk Reduction
DSWD : Department of Social Welfare and Development
DTI : Department of Trade and Industry
EC : Electric Conductivity
ECA : Environmentally Critical Area
ECC : Environmental Compliance Certificate
ECP : Environmentally Critical Project
EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment
EIS : Environmental Impact Statement
EISS : Environmental Impact Statement System
EMB : Environmental Management Bureau
EMoP : Environmental Monitoring Plan
EMP : Environmental Management Plan
U.S. EPA : Environmental Protection Agency, USA
EPRMP : Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan
ESSD : Environmental and Social Safeguard Division, DPWH
ESSO : Environmental Social Services Office, DPWH
FCMC : Flood Control Management Cluster
F/S : Feasibility Study
GA : Government Agency
GOJ : Government of Japan
GOP : Government of the Philippines
HIV : Human Immunodeficiency Virus

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HH : Household
ICC : Indigenous Cultural Communities
ICP : Information Campaign and Publicity
IEC : Information Education and Campaign/Communication
IEE : Initial Environmental Examination
IP : Indigenous People
IUCN : International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
ISF : Informal Settler Family
JBIC : Japan Bank for International Cooperation
JICA : Japan International Cooperation Agency
LGU : Local Government Unit
LIAC : Local Inter-Agency Committee
LLDA : Laguna Lake Development Authority
MCGS : Marikina Control Gate Structure
MGB : Mines and Geosciences Bureau
MMDA : Metro Manila Development Authority
MMT : Multipartite Monitoring Team
MOA : Memorandum of Agreement
MPN : Most Probable Number
M/P : Master Plan
MWCI : Manila Water Company Incorporated
MWSI : Maynilad Water Services Incorporated
N/A : Not Applicable
NAAQS : National Ambient Air Quality Standard
NAIA : Ninoy Aquino International Airport
NCIP : National Commission of Indigenous People
NCR : National Capital Region
ND : Not Detected
NEDA : National Economic Development Agency
NGO : Non-Government Organization
NHA : National Housing Authority
NHCS : Napindan Hydraulic Control Structure
NIPAS : National Integrated Protected Area System
NPCC : National Pollution Control Commission
NSO : National Statistics Office
NTU : Nephelometric Turbidity Unit
ODA : Official Development Assistance
PAF : Project Affected Families
PAGASA : Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
PMRCIP : Pasig Marikina River Channel Improvement Project
PAP : Project Affected People/Person
PAWB : Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau
PD : Presidential Decree
PDR : Project Description Report
PEISS : Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System
PEPRMP : Programmatic Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan
PHIVOLCS : Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
PM10 : Particulate matter with diameter of not less than 10 microns

x
PMRCIP : Pasig-Marikina River Channel Improvement Project
PRRC : Pasig River Rehabilitation Commission
PVC : Polyvinyl Chloride
RA : Republic Act
RAP : Resettlement Action Plan
RCBC : Reinforced Concrete Box Culvert
RCP : Reinforced Concrete Pipe
ROW : Right of Way
SAPROF : Special Assistance for Project Formation, JICA
SM : Shoemart (retail store)
SSP : Steel Sheet Pile
STD : Sexually Transmitted Disease
STP : Sewage Treatment Plant
T-C : Total Coliform
TCLP : Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure
TDS : Total Dissolved Solids
TESDA : Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
TOR : Terms of Reference
TSP : Total Suspended Particulates
TSS : Total Suspended Solids
UPMO : Unified Project Management Office
VAT : Value Added Tax
µg/NCM : Micro gram per normal cubic meter
µS/cm : micro Siemens per centimeter

xi
 MEASUREMENT UNITS

(Length) (Time)
mm : millimeter(s) s, sec : second(s)
cm : centimeter(s) min : minute(s)
m : meter(s) h, hr : hour(s)
km : kilometer(s) d, dy : day(s)
y, yr : year(s)
(Area)
mm2 : square millimeter(s) (Volume)
cm2 : square centimeter(s) cm3 : cubic centimeter(s)
m2 : square meter(s) m3 : cubic meter(s)
km2 : square kilometer(s) l, ltr : liter(s)
ha : hectare(s) mcm : million cubic meter(s)

(Weight) (Speed/Velocity)
g, gr : gram(s) cm/s : centimeter per second
kg : kilogram(s) m/s : meter per second
ton : ton(s) km/h : kilometer per hour

xii
 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
The Pasig-Marikina River Channel Improvement Project (hereafter “the Project” or “PMRCIP”) was
formulated through the update/review of the master plan and feasibility study (JICA, 1990) under
the Special Assistance for Project Formation (SAPROF) (JBIC, 1998). The project implementation
has been programmed in the following four phases under the financial assistance of Japanese ODA:
1) Phase I: Detailed Design for the Overall Project (from Delpan Bridge to Marikina Bridge:
29.7 km) completed in July 2002
2) Phase II: Construction of Stage I: Channel Improvement Works for Pasig River (from Delpan
Bridge to immediate vicinity of Napindan Hydraulic Control Structure-NHCS: 16.4 km)
completed in May 2013
3) Phase III: Construction of Stage II: Channel Improvement Works for Lower Marikina River
including Construction of Marikina Control Gate Structure (MCGS) (Junction with Napindan
Channel to Manggahan Floodway: 7.2 km)
4) Phase IV: Construction of Stage III: Channel Improvement Works for Upper Marikina River
(Manggahan Floodway to Marikina Bridge; 6.1 km)
During the Phase I above, the feasibility study of the channel improvement works for the Upper
Marikina River section from Marikina Bridge (upper end of Phase IV) to San Mateo Bridge was
conducted under PMRCIP Phase I in the 2002 D/D (Detailed Design) . This improvement works is
tentatively called as “Phase V”.
As for the aspect of environmental consideration, environmental impact statement (EIS) was
prepared for the Project in June 1998 (hereafter “EIS (1998)”). Environmental Compliance
Certificate (ECC) for the PMRCIP was granted in the same year, dated Dec. 14, 1998, with an official
code of “ECC-98-NCR-301, 9807-128-120,” as attached in ANNEX-1.
During the construction phase of the Project Phase II, environmental management and monitoring
were undertaken following the condition of the said ECC (1998). In 2010, JICA preparatory survey
was conducted for reviewing the river improvement plan of the Phase III, where the rehabilitation
and repair of 16.4 km of Pasig River which was damaged by Tropical Storm "Ondoy” as well as the
sections not covered by Phase II were included. The construction of MCGS was moved into Phase
IV at the same time.
Supplemental environmental study for reviewing the EIS (1998) was conducted focusing on the
Phase III stretch, which prepared the “Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (Aug. 2011).”
In the following year, the D/D Study for Phase III was undertaken with a grant from JICA and
completed on March 2013, in which EIA Study was also conducted for the proposed disposal site for
dredged materials as part of compliance with the ECC issued in 1998 for PMRCIP. DENR-EMB-
NCR granted the ECC (ECC-NCR-1301-0035) to DPWH-PMO-MFCP (refer to in ANNEX-2).
In the meantime, the riverine areas along the Upper Marikina River have been urbanized and
occupied by a lot of houses/buildings. The developments of roadways and sub-divisions are
programmed by LGUs and private entities. Due to the expansion of urbanization and industrial
development along the Upper Marikina River, the flooding may bring about bigger damages and
impacts to the economy and environment in Metro Manila. Therefore, the implementation of Phase
IV shall be expedited especially after the experience of the flooding disaster due to the Tropical
Storm “Ondoy” in September 2009.
Further, the flood damage has increased with urbanization in low-lying areas adjacent to the junctions
of Cainta and Taytay rivers along the East Bank of Mangahan Floodway due to backflows from the
Floodway. The construction of floodgate to prevent the backflows at the junctions are therefor

1
included in the works of Phase IV since the construction of MCGS may increase the backflow
discharges.
To realize the full objective of the Pasig-Marikina River Channel Improvement Project, it is urgently
necessary to complete the overall scheme of PMRCIP to protect Metro Manila and surrounding areas
together with the feasibility study for Marikina Dam and Retarding Basin without a lapse of time.
Extending the improvement work of PMRCIP up to San Mateo Bridge, the implementation phasing
has been revised as follows:
Table 1.1.1 Implementation Phase of PMRCIP
Implementing Length to be Improved
Works
Phase (Design Discharge)
II1/ Pasig River Channel Improvement (1) 13.1 km on both banks
(Delpan Bridge to Napindan Channel) (1,200/600 m3/s)
III1/ Lower Marikina River Channel Improvement 5.4 km channel length
(Napindan Channel to downstream of MCGS) (550 m3/s)
Pasig River Channel Improvement (2) 9.9 km on both banks
(Remaining Sections between Delpan Bridge and (1,200/600 m3/s)
Napindan Channel)
IV Lower/Middle Marikina River Improvement & 8.0 km channel length
Construction of MCGS (2,900 m3/s)
(Lower Marikina R. (Sta.5+400) - Marikina Bridge)
Construction of Cainta and Taytay Floodgates
V2/ Upper Marikina River 5.8 km channel length
(Marikina Bridge – San Mateo Bridge) (2,900 m3/s)
1/
: Completed, 2/: On-going

1.2 Necessity of Review and Updating EIS Prepared in 1998

As described in the previous section, EIS was prepared for the Project in June 1998 and ECC for the
Project was granted in the same year, dated December 14, 1998. After the issuance of ECC,
construction works commenced form the river stretch of the Pasig River (Phase II) in 2009 and
proceeded to the river stretches of the Lower Marikina River (Phase III) in April 2013, and the
construction works was commenced in 2014 and completed in March 2018.
After twenty (20) years have passed from the issuance of ECC, the environmental status along the
river has drastically changed due to the expansion of urbanization and industrial development along
the Marikina River. It is, therefore, necessary to review and update the EIS (1998) for the river stretch
of the Middle Marikina River (Phase IV). It is also aimed to comply with JICA Guidelines for
Environmental and Social Considerations (revised in April 2010 and hereafter “JICA Guidelines”)
for the proposed implementation of Phase IV of the PMRCIP.
The said EIS and its ECC (December 14, 1998) may not cover the construction of Cainta and Taytay,
so that the application for ECC will be separately undertaken from that of PMRCIP Phase IV.
1.3 Scope of Work
The EIS and ECC (1998) were reviewed and updating baseline conditions survey and impact analysis
were conducted in this Study for the Phase IV of the Project. The review and updating survey and
analysis are conducted focusing on following:
1) Validity of ECC,
2) Compatibility of the EIS (1998) with current Philippines’ regulatory requirements,
3) Compatibility of the EIS (1998) with JICA Guidelines, and
4) Providing reviewed and updated information in accordance with JICA Guidelines for EIS
(1998), if necessary, for implementation of Phase IV:
• Baseline conditions of environment and society of concerned area,
• Philippines’ legal and policy framework,

2
• Environmental impact assessment,
• Alternatives,
• Environmental management plan (Mitigation measures),
• Environmental monitoring plan,
• Stakeholder meeting, and
• Preparation of environmental checklist.

3
 CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.1 Project Information

Basic information about the Project (PMRCIP, Phase IV) is presented in the Table 2.1.1 and 2.1.2
below.
Table 2.1.1 Project Information
Project Middle Marikina River Improvement Project (PMRCIP, Phase IV)
Administrative Area of Pasig City, Marikina City, and Quezon City, NCR, and
the Project Municipalities of Cainta and Taytay, Rizal Province, Region IV-A
due to additional works of construction of Cainta and Taytay
Floodgates, including the following barangays:
Pasig City: Rosario, Manggahan, and Santolan;
Marikina City: Industrial Valley, Barangka, Tañong, Jesus De La
Peña, Calumpang, San Roque, Santa Elena (Pob.), and Santo Niño.;
and
Quezon City: Ugong Norte, Bagumbayan, Libis, and Blue Ridge B.
Cainta: San Andres
Taytay: Santa Ana
Nature of the Project Flood control
Scope of Work Construction of parapet wall/revetment, piling work, gate structure
(Marikina Control Gate Structure) and drainage outlets,
dredging/excavation of river channel/riverbanks, and replacement of
Manalo Bridge*
Construction of two floodgates
Limits River stretch from upstream of Rosario Bridge to Marikina Bridge
with a total length of approx. 8.0 km.
Junctions of Cainta and Taytay rivers to the Mangahan Floodway
*: Replacement of Manalo Bridge is implemented by the Government of the Philippines as its urgency,
therefore, it is not included as a project component of the Project.

Table 2.1.2 Proponent Profile

Proponent Department of Public Works and Highways, Unified Project
Management Office, Flood Control Management Cluster (DPWH-
UPMO-FCMC)
Address 2nd Street, Port Area, Manila
Authorized Signatory /Representative to Apply for ECC and/or Certificate of Non-Coverage
(CNC) for the construction of Cainta and Taytay Floodgates
Contact Person Mr. Patrick C. Gatan
Designation Project Director, UPMO-FCMC
Contact Details Landline No: 02-304-3813 Fax No: 02-304-3829
Email: mfcdp_2@[Link]

4
2.2 Project Location and Area
The project area is located in the Pasig-Marikina River basin, which is situated in the eastern and
central Metro Manila (refer to PROJECT LOCATION MAP) The Pasig-Marikina River has a
catchment area of 639 km2 (the whole watershed area). The river originates from the Sierra Madre
mountain range at the highest elevation of about 1,380m in the municipality of Rodriguez (formerly
Montalban), Rizal, and flows down to the south through the Municipality of San Mateo, Rizal and
Metro Manila, and finally empties into Manila Bay.
Target site of the Pasig-Marikina River Channel Improvement Project (PMRCIP) is the river stretch
from upstream of Rosario Bridge with a length of approx. 8.0 km to Marikina Bridge, which is named
as Phase IV section of the Project as presented in Figure 2.2.2. In this document, the river stretch is
also referred to as “the Middle Marikina River.” Further, the two sites for floodgate construction are
located at the junctions of Cainta and Taytay Rivers to the Mangahan Floodway, as shown in Figure
2.2.1, below:

Cainta Floodgate
& Cainta Bridge

Taytay
Floodgate

Figure 2.2.1 Locations of Proposed Cainta and Taytay Floodgates

5
 Macapagal Bridge
LRT2 Bridge

Marcos Bridge
Rosario Bridge
Sta.5+400

Rosario Weir

Sta.13+350

Mangahan
Floodway Manalo Bridge

Marikina Bridge

Phase IV Section
L=8.0km
Major structures and facilities

Figure 2.2.2 Current Status of River Channel Alignment of Project Phase IV Section

6
2.3 Project Plan
2.3.1 Components of the Project
The components of the Project, Phase IV are as follows:
• Dredging/Excavation of river channel and riverbanks;
• Earth embankment dike;
• Construction of parapet wall and revetment;
• Construction of MCGS (Marikina Control Gate Structure);
• Construction of drainage outlets; and
• Construction of Cainta and Taytay Floodgates and Replacement of Cainta Bridge
2.3.2 Design Criteria for River Channel Improvement
(1) Design Discharge
The design discharge of the objective river sections of Phase IV stretch is 2,900 m3/s
upstream of Rosario Weir, 2,400 m3/s on the Manggahan Floodway and 500 m3/s at the
downstream stretch of Manggahan Floodway, of which flood scale is updated to be a 30-
year return period as shown in Figure 2.3.1:

UPPERMARIKINA
UPPER MARIKINA RIVER
RIVER

2,300

Rodriguez
RodriguezBridgeBridge

2,600

San Mateo
San BridgeBridge
Mateo
PHASE V Section

560
700 Nangka
Nangka River
River
5.8 km

2,900

Marikina
MarikinaBridgeBridge

2,900
PHASE IV Section
9.2 km

Mangahan FloodwayFloodway
Manggahan
8.0 km

2,400

500

ProposedMCGS
Proposed MCGS
550
500

Rosario BridgeBridge
Rosario Values are the proposed
design discharge in m3/sec

Figure 2.3.1 Design Discharge of the Marikina River

7
 (2) River Channel Alignment
The current river channel is adjacent to residential areas in Metro Manila. The river channel
alignment, therefore, basically follows the existing alignment since a drastic change in
alignment is not possible due to the difficulty of land acquisition and house relocation,
except for such river stretches that enlarging the river flow capacity is needed and where
there are encroachments of the river area.
(3) Longitudinal Riverbed Profile
Design longitudinal riverbed profile of the Middle Marikina River is basically determined
on the basis of existing riverbed profile. The stretches where the flow capacity is
insufficient have to be enlarged by dredging/excavation.
(4) Design Flood Level (DFL)
The Design Flood Level (DFL) is ideally set at the level equal to or lower than the existing
ground level so as to minimize the flood damage potential and not to create drainage
problems inside the embankment, except in low-lying areas where the highwater level of
the river cannot be lower than the ground elevation.
(5) Channel Cross Section
Cross section of the river channel is to be determined based on the flow capacity. The design
minimum width of Lower Marikina River (the stretch of Phase III) is 40 m considering the
existing width. The designed minimum cross section of Middle Marikina River (Phase IV)
is 90 m wide for the low water channel.
(6) Design Freeboard
Design freeboard above the design high water level for the structures such as dike,
floodwall, bridge, etc., is determined in accordance with the “Design Guidelines, Criteria
and Standard” of DPWH. The value of design freeboard of the Middle Marikina River
stretch is set at 1.2 m.
2.3.3 Project Facility Plan and Works
The main works of the Project, Phase IV are the river channel improvement consisting of
dredging/excavation, construction of parapet wall/ revetment, drainage outlet works and
their related works. The quantity of each work is summarized in the table below and
facility plan is described in the following sections:
Table 2.3.1 Specification of Project Facility/Works of Phase IV
Works/ Facility Volume Remarks
Dredging/ Excavation 1,673,500 m3 1,360,000 m3 **
Earth embankment 164,000 m3
SSP 10.8 km
RC Flood Wall (new construction) 8.4 km
Marikina Control Gate Structure (MCGS) 1 site
Replacement of Manalo Bridge* 1 site By GOP
Drainage outlet 218 nos.
Cainta and Taytay Floodgates and Replacement
2 sites
of Cainta Bridge
Note) *: Due to the urgency, DPWH is implementing the work.
**: Additional dredging work has been undertaken for the heavily silted section from
Sta. 5+400 (Upper end of Phase III) to Sta. 6+750 (Rosario Weir) under Phase
III.

8
 (1) General Layout Plan
Based on the design criteria described in the previous section, the proposed plan of river
improvement is shown on Figure 2.3.2 to Figure 2.3.4.
(2) Typical Cross Section
Based on the design criteria for the channel cross section described in the previous
section, proposed typical cross sections are shown in Figure 2.3.5 to Figure 2.3.8, with
the following features:
• Since the width of existing channel between Sta. 6+700 (diversion point of Manggahan
Floodway) and Sta. 7+400 is only 70 m, widening of channel by 20 m is needed.
• Typical channel width between Rosario Weir and SM City Marikina is 90 m for the
low water channel and total river width required ranges between 130 m and 160 m.
• In the upstream section (SM City Marikina to Marikina Bridge), 80 m wide low water
channel is planned.
• There is an S-curved channel in the upstream of Marcos Bridge. Channel width at the
curves should be wider than design width as much as possible to flow smoothly.
• No high floodwall is provided along the both banks of Marikina River in the immediate
downstream of Marikina Bridge. It is aimed to consider the current status that residents
and establishments therein accept a temporal flooding rather than being aparted from
the river, and a 6-m high floodwall would become an obstacle for easy access to the
river, if constructed.
• Clearance above the calculated a highwater level of Marcos Bridge and Marikina
Bridge is 0.87 m and 1.01 m, respectively. This is lower than required design freeboard
of 1.2 m. According to the design freeboard, reconstruction of said two bridges is
necessary to secure the clearance of 1.2 m. However, it is deemed that there will be no
reconstruction in this Project considering the difficulty in bridge construction activities
due to heavy traffic volume.
(3) Structural Design
Since the project site is located in the congested urban area in Metro Manila, it is very
difficult to acquire land space for dike embankment. In this case, alternatively, dike is
constructed using steel and/or reinforced concrete to minimize space requirements. Thus,
reinforced concrete floodwall on steel sheet piling is proposed in the downstream portion
from Sta. 6+700 to Sta. 11+000 around.
In the upstream portion, steel sheet piling is proposed for construction of low water channel.
Overflow on right bank is protected by strengthening the existing wall and/or construction
of new reinforced concrete wall.
Floodwall on steel sheet piling is supported by embankment. A paved maintenance road
with 3 m width is provided on this embankment for river patrol/inspection.
(4) Dredging and Excavation Works1
Dredging and excavation works will be applied for the riverbed and riverbanks to secure
the necessary river flow capacity based on the hydraulic analysis. The depth and area of
necessary dredging and excavation works are shown on Figure 2.3.5 to Figure 2.3.8. The
total volume of the dredged/excavated materials is calculated to be approx. 1,680,000 m3.

1
Due to heavy siltation upper and lower sections of confluence with the Mangahan Floodway, dredging work has been
undertaken from Sta. 5+400 (Upper end of Phase III) to Sta. 6+750 (Rosario Weir) under Phase III. Total dredging
volume is estimated at approx. 320,000 m3, then the dredged/excavated material under Phase IV will be approx..
1,360,000 m3.

9
Figure 2.3.2 Plan of Phase IV Section (1)

10
Figure 2.3.3 Plan of Phase IV Section (2)

11
Figure 2.3.4 Plan of Phase IV Section (3)

12
Figure 2.3.5 Typical Cross Section in Phase IV Section (1)

13
Figure 2.3.6 Typical Cross Section in Phase IV Section (2)

14
Figure 2.3.7 Typical Cross Section in Phase IV Section (3)

15
Figure 2.3.8 Typical Cross Section in Phase IV Section (4)

16
Figure 2.3.9 Typical Cross Section in Phase IV Section (5)

17
(5) Marikina Control Gate Structure (MCGS)
MCGS will be constructed on the Lower Marikina River downstream of Rosario Weir to
control the flood diversion discharge through the operation of floodgate. Among the several
alternative locations, ALT2 shown on Figure 2.3.10 was selected considering the result of
hydraulic analysis on backwater effect, operational performance together with Rosario Weir,
cost effectiveness, social environment impact, etc.
Design of MCGS has the following dimensions and elevations based on the detailed design
in 2002:
 Sill elevation : EL +8.00 m;
 Crest elevation of gate (closed condition) : EL +19.00 m;
 Type of gate : Roller Gate;
 Height of gate (DL+19.00 m-DL+8.00 m) : 11.00 m;
 Width of gate : 20.00 m width x 2 gates;
 Design Water Level (Upstream side) : EL.17.40 m; and
 Design water level (downstream side) : EL.15.00 m.
River channel profile and subsoil condition at the changed location for MCGS is the same
as the conditions of original location as a result of topographic survey and soil investigation
conducted in the study (2015). Therefore, original design of MCGS conducted in D/D
Study in 2002 can be used in this study. Figure 2.3.11 shows the proposed profiles of MCGS.

Figure 2.3.10 Location of Marikina Control Gate Structure (MCGS)

18
Figure 2.3.11 Layout Plan and Cross Section of MCGS

19
(6) Replacement of Manalo Bridge
The replacement of Manalo Bridge will be implemented by the Government of the
Philippines because of its urgency, therefore, the replacement work is not included as a
component of the Phase IV.
The widening of river channel is required to secure the necessary river flow capacity of
2,900 m3/s as design discharge of the river section. The replacement plan of Manalo
Bridge with the layout plan and cross-section are presented on Figure 2.3.12.

Figure 2.3.12 Layout Plan and Cross Section of Manalo Bridge

(7) Drainage Facility

Drainage facility to discharge inland water during rain events will be constructed/
improved. The design scale of the drainage facility of the Project, Phase IV is in
accordance with DPWH Memorandum, issued in June 2011. Table 2.3.2 summarizes
the drainage facility plan.
Table 2.3.2 Summary of Proposed Drainage Facilities for Phase IV
Proposed Facility Quantity Dimension
Outlet 98 RCP Locations 910 mm ~ 1800 mm
18 RCBC Locations 1620 mm x 1700 mm ~ 2770 mm x 6000 mm
Manhole 253 Locations Varying dimensions
Collector Pipe:
RCP 975 m 910 mm
PVC 1160 m 150 mm ~300 mm
Flap Gate 102 Locations Circular type: 910 mm ~ 1520 mm
Rectangular type: 1200 mm x 1200 mm ~2000
mm x 2000 mm

20
(8) Construction of Cainta and Taytay Floodgates
Floodgates will be provided to prevent backflows from the Floodway at the junctions of
Cainta and Taytay rivers. The floodgates at Cainta River and Taytay River are to be
closed when the water levels of the Floodway is higher those of Cainta River and Taytay
River, respectively. With the construction of Cainta Floodgate, the existing Cainta
Bridge (tentative name) crossing Cainta River along the East Bank road will be replaced.
The construction site and required area for Cainta Floodgate which are in the Mangahan
Floodway area as shown below:

Cainta River

Mangahan
Floodway

Figure 2.3.13 Proposed Cainta Floodgate Site

Taytay

Mangahan
Floodway

Figure 2.3.14 Proposed Taytay Floodgate Site

Cainta Floodgate has a total width for water flow estimated at 24 m because of
the river width of 20 m to 25 m. The dimensions of the floodgate is 4 gates x
6.0 m wide x 7.6 m high of a roller gate as shown in Figure 2.3.15. Cainta Bridge
is of PC girder with 1 span x 10m (width) x 40m (length).
Taytay Floodgate is to adjust the existing three-ream box culvert, the dimensions
of roller gate is 3 gates x 2.5 m wide x 2.0 m high of a roller gate as shown in
Figure 2.3.16.

21
 CAINTA BRIDGE WILL
BE REPLACED

Figure 2.3.15 Plan of Cainta Floodgate

22
Figure 2.3.16 Plan of Taytay Floodgate

23
2.4 Project Phases and Construction Plan
2.4.1 Project Phases
(1) Planning Phase
The Supplemental EIS was prepared under the Supplemental Agreement No. 1 (S.A.
No. 1) for the Consulting Engineering Services for Assistance to Procurement of Civil
Works and Construction Supervision on the JICA-Assisted Pasig-Marikina River
Improvement Project, Phase III (PH-252), which was carried out from July 2014 to June
2015. S.A. No. 1 included river surveys and investigations, and review of the river
channel improvement plan which was conducted in 2002 D/D.
(2) Detailed Design Phase
After the procurement of the Consultant for detailed design and construction supervision,
the detailed design will be started in 2020 and completed in 2021. Resettlement Action
Plan of the Project Affected Families (PAFs) living in the Project Phase IV area will be
updated in this stage based on the parcellary survey for the affected areas. Resettlement
of Project Affected Families (PAFs) will commence in this stage based on the RAP for
Marikina River. Land acquisition of ROW will be also conducted as well in this phase.
(3) Preparation Phase for Construction Work
Procurement of Construction Contractor will be conducted in this phase. This phase is
expected to be carried out starting in the end of detailed design until in mid-2022.
(4) Construction Phase
Procurement of Construction Contractor will commence in early 2020. Construction
works of the Project will commence in mid-2022 and completed within 2026. The
construction works is to be divided into several packages as follows:
Contract package 1: Construction of MCGS and revetment near the gate (Sta. 5+400
– Sta. 6+700): 1.3 km
Contract package 2: Construction of SSP Revetment/Floodwall (Sta. 6+700 to Sta.
8+200): 1.5 km
Contract package 3: Construction of SSP Revetment/Floodwall (Sta. 8+200 to
Macapagal Bridge): 1.7 km
Contract package 4: Construction of SSP Revetment/Floodwall (Macapagal Bridge
to Marikina Bridge): 3.4 km
Contract package 5: Construction of Cainta Floodgate and Taytay Floodgate
including replacement of Cainta Bridge
(5) Operation Phase
Upon the completion of project facilities and works, the operation and maintenance may
be implemented by MMDA based on the agreement between DPWH and MMDA on 09
July 2002.
2.4.2 Construction Plan and Schedule
(1) Major Construction Works
The Project, Phase IV includes the following construction works:
 Steel sheet piling work and construction of parapet wall / revetment;
 Dredging / Excavation works;
 Construction of Marikina Control Gate Structure (MCGS);
 Drainage outlet works; and
 Construction of Cainta and Taytay Floodgates and replacement of Cainta Bridge

24
(2) Construction Site
The construction site is from upstream point of Rosario Bridge (Sta.5+400) to Marikina
Bridge (Sta.13+370) for river channel improvement of the Middle Marikina River with
a length of about 8.0 km inclusive of the site for Marikina Control Gate Structure
(MCGS) is at Sta.6+065 (ALT-2), and two sites along the East Bank in the Mangahan
Floodway for construction of Cainta and Taytay Floodgates.
(3) Quantity of Major Works
The principal quantities of major works are summarized in Table 2.4.1.
Table 2.4.1 Work Quantities of Major Construction Works for Full Scheme
No. Major Work Item Component Work Quantity
1 SSP Revetment and a) SSP with H-beam a) 7.8 km
RC Floodwall b) SSP w/o H-beam b) 3.0 km
c) Coping Concrete c) 10.8 km (17,000 m3)
d) RC Floodwall d) 8.4 km (11,800 m3)
e) Riprap e) 10.8 km (203,800 m3)
2 Reinforcement of a) RC Floodwall a) 6.1 km (13,000 m3)
Existing Floodwall
3 Channel Dredging/ a) Dredging a) 180,000 m3
Excavation b) Excavation b) 1,180,000 m3
4 Maintenance Road a) Earth Embankment a) 164,000 m3
b) Concrete Pavement b) 8.9 km (22,100 m2)
c) Concrete Block for Slope c) 5.4 km
d) Drainage Ditch d) 5.9 km
5 Drainage Outlet a) Box Culvert with Sluice Gate a) 18 Locations
b) Drainage Outlet with Flap Gate b) 102 Locations
c) Drainage Outlet w/o Flap Gate c) 98 Locations
6 MCGS a) Foundation Piles a) 460 pieces
b) RC Works b) 14,500 m3
c) Mechanical and Electrical Work c) 1 lump sum
7 Cainta and Taytay a) Foundation Piles a) 200 pieces (Cainta)
Floodgates including 45 pieces (Taytay)
Replacement of b) RC Works b) 5,200 m3 (Cainta)
Cainta Bridge 700 m3 (Taytay)
c) Hydromechanical Works c) 200 m2 (Cainta)
20 m2 (Taytay)
d) Bridge Works d) 1 span (40 m long)
PC beam

(4) Possible Access Roads to Construction Sites

Accessible routes to the construction site are summarized in the Table 2.4.2 and Figure
2.4.1.
Table 2.4.2 Possible Access to Construction Sites
No. Location Accessibility
Endpoint of Phase III to Manalo Bridge: Accessible from area of Rosario Weir via river
1
1.8 km from Sta.5+400 to Sta.7+200 channel or from vacant area on left bank.
On the right bank, it is accessible from one public
Manalo Bridge to Military Camp (Camp
road. On the left bank, it is accessible from some
2 Atienza）:1.8 km from Sta.7+200 to
private roads. Also temporary embankment road is
Sta.9+000
necessary in channel.
Military Camp to Marikina Bridge: 4.4 Accessible to any sites from public road because
3
km from Sta.9+000 to 13+400 there are a lot of vacant area along the river banks.

25
 Marikina Bridge

Marcos Bridge

: Access Road
: Anywhere Accessible

Manalo Bridge

MCGS

Rosario Weir

Figure 2.4.1 Candidate Location of Access Roads to Construction Sites

26
(5) Disposal Site
There are several candidates of disposal sites for excess excavated materials. Those are
located in San Mateo, upper Marikina River area, Antipolo and Laguna Lakeshore area.
The one at Laguna Lakeshore is most feasible and estimated distance from construction
site is about 12 km.
As a part of possible disposal site along Laguna Lakeshore area, the 4 ha in Taytay
Municipality was identified for disposal site of dredged material from the on-going
dredging work under PMRCIP Phase III (refer to Figure 2.4.2). On April 23, 2018 the
ECC was issued (see ANNEX-6).

Figure 2.4.2 New Disposal Site of 4 ha in Taytay Municipality

(6) Construction Method
1) Piling Work
Steel sheet pile with H-beam has to be driven into hard strata. Therefore, special
technology, i.e., the vibro-hammer together with water jet, will be applied for the smooth
implementation of the construction works and minimize the construction noise and
vibration. For harder strata, CRID Method which is an advanced method of Down-the-
Hole will be employed. Estimated accomplishment is 10 sheets (20 m) per day according
to the experience in Phase II and Phase III. Since the river channel is shallow for the
construction activities on boats/barges, the construction work is carried out on
temporary construction road embankment in the channel along the banks.
The top elevation of steel sheet piling is designed to be above the normal water level so
that the pile driving and coping concrete works can be conducted at any time.
2) Floodwall and Drainage Outlet Works
After the piling works and the coping concrete are completed, the earth backfilling
works, and inclined wall rebar installation and concrete works will follow. In parallel,
the drainage outlet work is executed. The drainage improvement work consists of the
drainage outlet with/without gate, collector pipe and junction manhole. Normally a

27
 temporary linear cofferdam with dewatering for dry work will be carried out in front
of the proposed drainage outlet prior to the major works.
3) Dredging and Excavation Works
Dredging/excavation works shall consist of removal of all sediment/soil materials
along the river channel in accordance with the designed lines and grades. For this type
of work, 1-unit of backhoe shall be positioned on a barge to dredge the river bottom up
to the design depth as specified on the plan. The dredged soil shall then be dumped into
a scow (flat hull pontoon or barge).
4) Transportation of Dredge/ Excavated Materials
The collected sediment/soil materials are transported to the Laguna Lakeshore using a
motorized barge and transferred to the location (upstream site) of Rosario Weir through
the channel of Marikina River. Then, the materials will then be transported by dump
truck through the Manggahan Floodway to the disposal site to be located around the
Laguna Lakeshore area near the Floodway mouth.
5) Construction of Maintenance Road
Behind the flood wall of high water channel, maintenance road of 3 m width and
concrete block or asphalt pavement shall be provided. Embankment works shall consist
of a bulldozer for laying/leveling while compaction works is performed by tire roller.
The embankment crest will be covered by concrete block pavement. The sidewalk of
4 m width shall be provided along both sides of proposed low water channel. The
sidewalk shall be paved with concrete paving block.
6) Construction Work of Marikina Control Gate Structure (MCGS)
Construction work of MCGS shall be executed on condition that (1) the construction
site is dry, (2) the existing flood carrying capacity is maintained, and (3) the
maintenance flow is assured in the downstream section of construction site to avoid
adverse river water quality. There are four (4) options of construction method as below:
Table 2.4.3 Comparison of MCGS Construction Method
Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4
Construction Total closer of river Hal closure of river MCGS is Total closure by
Method by cofferdam and by cofferdam – constructed on cofferdam with
installation of pipe multistage newly-diverted diversion channel
for maintenance construction river and filling
flow the existing river
Construction 5-6 years 7 years 3 years 3-4 years
Period (Non-flood season) (Non-flood season) (Whole year) (Whole year)
Area of 2 ha 2 ha 15 ha (including 10 ha (including
Construction Yard stockpile yard) stockpile yard)
Estimated Cost for PHP 50 mil. x 5 PHP 81 mil. x 7
Temporary Work times = times =
PHP 250 mil. PHP 567 mil. PHP 386 mil. PHP 278 mil.
Issues Risk of work Complicated Necessary Necessary permit
suspension due to construction permits of land of land owner to
unexpected floods procedure and owner to rent land for
construction joints acquire/swap land diversion channel
for new river and stockpile yard
Evaluation Recommended Fair Fair Recommended

As of May 2018, Option 1 and 4 have been recommended, while Option 4 is shorter
construction period and less risk comparing to Option 1.
Four (4) Options are shown in Figure 2.4.3 below:

28
 Option 1: Total Closure of River Option 2: Half Closure of River

Option 3: New Short-cut River Option 4: Temporary Diversion Channel

Figure 2.4.3 Construction Plans of MCGS

(7) Construction Equipment
Major categories of construction equipment required for the Project works are
classified as follows in line with the construction method described above:
• Earthmoving equipment;
• Pile driving/drilling/extracting equipment;
• Equipment for concrete works; and
• Lifting equipment.
Pile driving works need to utilize crawler crane, vibro-hammer, generator, truck
mounted crane, etc. Concrete pump, transit mixer and internal vibrator are adopted for
concrete works. Special driving equipment such as earth-drilling machine to penetrate
hard core strata (Guadalupe Formation) may be procured abroad.
Dredging and excavation work require the use of backhoe mounted on barge, scows
(flat hull pontoon) serving as material barge and tugged by motorized banca to transfer
dredged materials to the river bank and loaded to dump trucks. Concreting works will
use ready mixed concrete to maintain good quality mix. All construction equipment
can be procured in Metro Manila.

29
(8) Construction Materials
Most of the construction materials, such as reinforcing bars, ready-mixed concrete,
aggregates, cement, and formwork materials can be procured in Metro Manila or the
surrounding areas.
Filling or backfilling materials are selected from the excavated materials or purchased.
Most of the selected earth materials are available from suppliers in Metro Manila. Rock
materials are used for riprap, wet stone masonry and repair of existing flood dike.
Suppliers for small volume works can be found easily in Metro Manila. Big volume of
rocks is available/ transportable from the Bataan area, which is 50 km from the
construction site.
Materials of steel sheet piles for revetment/floodwall, such as steel sheet piles with H-
beam, are to be imported from abroad, especially, Japan. Mechanical and electrical
works for MCGS and Cainta/Taytay Floodgates are also imported from Japan. In
addition, flap gates to be installed at designated drainage outlets will be imported from
Japan to insure the quality and durability.
(9) Implementation Schedule
Figure 2.4.4 presents the updated implementation schedule of PMRCIP, Phase IV.

30
Figure 2.4.4 Updated Implementation Schedule of PMRCIP Phase IV
31
2.5 Comparison with Project Plans in EIS (1998)
The design discharge of the objective river sections of the Phase IV is the same as that in the
SAPROF (1998) on which EIS was prepared for ECC (1998).
Regarding project components, proposed facilities/works included in the original plan during
SAPROF are basically the same in the reviewed plan although the details of the facilities and work
volumes are examined in detail and provided in the design review. There is, however, a couple of
differences: the one is replacement of Manalo Bridge instead of one span extension, which was not
included in the plan incorporated in the EIS (1998). The other is the location of MCGS, which is
shifted to upstream point. This revision is not significant but minor one in terms of environmental
and social considerations.
Consequently, it is concluded that the reviewed design discharge, facility components and project
works are basically the same except for the expansion of one span of Manalo Bridge.
In addition to the above scope of Phase IV, the construction of Cainta and Taytay Floodgates is
included in Phase IV. The environmental impacts of the additional floodgates will be assumed as
the project of CNC (Certificate of Non-Coverage) since (1) Locations of the proposed floodgates
are in the Mangahan Floodway, and (2) Objectives of the Floodgates are to prevent the backflows
from the Floodway to mitigate the flood damage in the low-lying area adjacent to the floodgates.

32
 CHAPTER 3 REVIEW OF ECC AND EIS (1998)

3.1 Validity of ECC

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the Pasig-Marikina River Channel Improvement Project
was conducted in 1998. An Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC-98-NCR-301-9807-128-
120) was granted on December 14, 1998 to the Project Proponent (DPWH) based on the submitted
EIS (refer to ANNEX-1 showing copy of ECC). Ten years after the ECC was issued, when the
Phase II proceeded to construction phase, the validity of the ECC was confirmed by Department of
Environment and Natural Resources - Environmental Management Bureau (DENR-EMB) on
March 7, 2008.
Once a project is implemented, the ECC remains valid and applicable for the life time of the Project,
if the Project contents were basically not changed. The conditions and commitments stated in the
ECC are permanently relieved from compliance only upon validation of the EMB of the successful
implementation of the Abandonment/Rehabilitation/Decommissioning Plan. The ECC
automatically expires if a project has not been implemented within five (5) years from ECC
issuance, or if the ECC was not requested for extension within three (3) months from the expiration
of its validity.
3.2 Compatibility of EIS (1998) with PEISS Requirements
The EIS (1998) has some lacks of information such as Social Development Framework;
Information Education Campaign (IEC) Framework; Emergency Response Policy and Generic
Guidelines; Engineering Geological and Geohazard Assessment; Promotion of Disaster Risk
Reduction (DRR) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA); Environmental Monitoring Plan; Self-
Monitoring Plan; Multi-sectoral Monitoring Framework; Environmental Guarantee and Monitoring
Fund Commitment; and the attached documents hereinafter of Impact Assessment and
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Supportive Information.
However, these missing parts of EIS document are included in two supplemental documents/reports
prepared when the Project, Phase II and Phase III had entered to the construction phase. These two
items are (1) Construction Contractor’s Environmental Program (CCEP) and (2) Environmental
Monitoring and Management Reports (to be submitted quarterly and semi-annual) to the competent
authority, or DENR-EMB-NCR. Hence the gaps between the EIS (1998) and PEISS requirements
are eliminated throughout the actual construction phases. Thus, The EIS (1998) along with
supplemental documents/reports satisfies PEISS requirements.
3.3 Compatibility of EIS (1998) with JICA Guidelines
3.3.1 Overall Compatibility of EIS (1998) with JICA Guidelines
The EIS (1998) lacks some requirements given by the JICA Guidelines for Environmental and
Social Considerations (2010).
The following items of JICA Guidelines are lacking in the EIS (1998):
1) Legal Framework of Environmental and Social Considerations;
2) Alternative Study of Project Components; and
3) Involuntary Resettlement.
The following items of JICA Guidelines are not always described enough in terms of scope of
environmental components, and depth and detail of examination:
1) Description of environmental standards stipulated by laws and regulations;
2) Study on environmental baseline and impacts assessment of the following components;
3) Environmental Pollution such as land subsidence; offensive odor;

33
 4) Natural environment such as coastal zone; protected area; global warming; and
5) Social Environment such as poverty group; ethnic minority/indigenous people; social
institutions; misdistribution of benefits and damage; cultural heritage, historical and
religious sites; rights of children; infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS; and labor
environment.
However, these lacks, or insufficient components were examined and described in the CCEP or
Environmental Monitoring and Management Reports of Phase II and III. In addition, a study for
Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) was carried out focusing on Phase III by
JICA (2011) to cover these lacks or insufficient components. Thus, the overall contents of the EIS
(1998) including the supplemental documents basically meet the requirements of the JICA
Guidelines (2010), and it is, therefore, not necessary that the EIS (1998) be totally revised.
3.3.2 Comparison of Scopes among Environmental Study and Monitoring
The following table shows overall comparison results for environmental items to be assessed
between the EIS (1998) and the JICA Guidelines.
Table 3.3.1 Comparison of Scopes between EIS (1998) and JICA Guidelines
Phase of the Project Phase II Phase III Phase IV
EIS (1998)* (Environmental Monitoring and (Supplemental EIS, 2011
Method of
JICA Guideline Items Management, 2008-2013) RAP and D/D Study, 2013) Examination
review/ updating
1 Air Pollution +/- +/- +/- ✓ ◎
2 Water Pollution Water pollution due to Water pollution during Water pollution during
✓ ◎
dredging work construction works. construction works.
3 Solid Wastes (including Generation and disposal Generation of excavated Generation of dredged
Environmental Pollution

✓ ◎
dredged material) of dredged material materials materials
4 Soil Contamination Possibility of soil Possibility of soil
+/- contamination at disposal site contamination at backfill ✓ ◎
of excavated materials site of dredged materials
5 Noise and Vibration Generation of noise and Generation of noise and
Noise pollution due to
vibration form construction vibration form construction ✓ ◎
construction works
work sites work sites.
6 Land Subsidence N/A N/A No impact ✓ ○
7 Offensive Odor Generation of offensive
+/- N/A ✓ ◎
odor during dredging work
8 Riverbed Sediment +/- Generation of dredged
N/A ✓ ◎
materials
1 Topography and
+/- N/A +/- ✓ ◎
Geographical Features
2 Soil Erosion +/- N/A No impact ✓ ○
Natural Environment

3 Groundwater +/- N/A No impact ✓ ○

4 Hydrological Regime Improve river flow
No negative impact on
conditions and prevent N/A ✓ ○
hydrological regime
flooding
5 Coastal zone N/A N/A No impact N/A -
6 Flora, Fauna and Minor impact to cut/trim trees Minor impact to cut/trim
+/- ✓ ◎
Biodiversity for construction work trees for construction work
7 Protected Area N/A N/A No impact ✓ ○
8 Meteorology +/- N/A +/- ✓ ○
9 Global Warming N/A N/A N/A N/A -
1 Involuntary Resettlement Relocation of ISFs Relocation of ISFs was done There are 95 ISFs to be
without any big problem. relocated due to the ✓ ◎
Project.
2 Poverty Group No poor people who owes
Social Environment:

N/A N/A ✓ 〇
their livelihood to the river.
3 Ethnic Minority / No indigenous or minority in
N/A N/A ✓ ○
Indigenous People the project area.
4 Local Economy such as Income increase by Not monitored. No negative impact.
Employment and Livelihood employment as ✓ ◎
construction workers
5 Land Use and Utilization of Increase of land value Not monitored. No negative impact
✓ ○
Local Resources
6 Water Use / River Impact on river navigation No significant impact on river No people who depends on
Dependency including navigation was detected the river water. ✓ ◎
Water Rights

34
 Phase of the Project Phase II Phase III Phase IV
EIS (1998)* (Environmental Monitoring and (Supplemental EIS, 2011
Method of
JICA Guideline Items Management, 2008-2013) RAP and D/D Study, 2013) Examination
review/ updating
7 Existing Social Intense usage due to No significant impact was River navigation and
Infrastructures and Services influx of labor detected through IEC activity existing river parks might be ✓ ○
Influx of ISFs of the Project. affected.
8 Social Institutions such as No negative impact
Social Infrastructure and
N/A N/A ✓ ○
Local Decision - making
Institutions
9 Misdistribution of Benefits No negative impact
N/A N/A ✓ ◎
and Damage (Social Cost)
10 Local Conflicts of Interest Housing/Influx of labor / No significant impact was No negative impact
squatter detected through IEC activity ✓ ◎
of the Project.
11 Cultural Heritage, Historical No negative impact
and Religious Sites +/- N/A ✓ ○
(Sensitive Facilities)
12 Landscape +/- N/A No negative impact ✓ ◎
13 Gender / Socially Vulnerable No significant impact was
Group detected through IEC activity
+/- N/A ✓ ○
of the Project.

14 Rights of Children N/A N/A N/A ✓ ○

15 Infectious Diseases such as Not monitored No impact
N/A ✓ ○
HIV/AIDS
16 Labor Environment Possibility of construction
(Including Occupational N/A N/A related accidents ✓ ○
Safety)
*EIS (1998) did not use JICA’s method to evaluate the impact using A,B,C, and D, +/-; Minor impact, N/A: Not discussed, ✓: To be applied in this study
◎: Data collected from primary data collection by field survey, sampling and laboratory analysis.
○: Secondary data, general information, literature/published data.

35
 CHAPTER 4 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION
4.1 Previous Consultation and Scoping
The JICA Guidelines require that “Consultations with relevant stakeholders, such as local residents,
should take place if necessary throughout the preparation and implementation stages of a project.
Holding consultations is highly desirable, especially when the items to be considered in the EIA
are being selected (in scoping session), and when the draft report is being prepared (Appendix 2 of
JICA Guidelines).”
(1) Public Consultations
The scoping of the Project was done through several consultation meetings in 1998 when EIS
(1998) was prepared.
a) 1st Consultation
An initial scoping session was held with DPWH-NCR office in February 26, 1998, prior to the
scoping session which was opened to other stakeholders. The initial scoping session was carried
out by DPWH, JBIC SAPROF Study Team, and representatives of DENR-NCR EIA division.
The purpose of the initial scoping session was to obtain DENR’s concerns which must be addressed
in the EIS. A scoping matrix being prepared by JBIC SAPROF Study Team was used as a base of
the discussion.
b) 2nd Consultation
The second scoping session was held on February 27, 2008 with concerned government agencies,
LGUs, and NGOs in DPWH Training Room. In this session, various concerns and suggestions were
given to the DPWH and SAPROF Team. The participants were from DPWH, SAPROF Team,
MMDA, NGOs and other interest groups.
c) Other Meetings
In addition to the two aforementioned consultation meetings, a KICK-OFF MEETING (February
11, 1998), a STEERING COMMITTEE MEETING (April 20, 1998), and a SEMINAR (May 10,
1998) were held, mostly for government agencies and other interest groups.
Most of the concerns of the above meetings were regarding social and environmental impacts via
dredging activities, impacts on Laguna Lake and Manila Bay by operation of MCGS, and informal
settlers situating along the Project sites (the Pasig-Marikina River and Manggahan Floodway).
Through the scoping session, a scoping matrix was formed for major concerns that were raised by
the attendances.
As DAO 96-37 ordered, and as the DENR emphasized in the initial scoping meeting public
participation, obtaining full support from the public is very critical to carrying out the Project
successfully. However, names of Barangay captains and ordinary persons who live in the areas
where the Project takes place and might be relocated for the Project were not listed on the
attendance sheets.
Although two consultation meetings were held (which was the minimum number of meetings
required by the World Bank’s standard), none of them were about the EIS Final Report.
(2) Scoping
Both the possible positive and negative significant environmental impacts were identified through
the scoping sessions. Agreed-upon items of concern with possible negative impacts were (1)
dredging activities, (2) construction of the river improvement works along the banks (construction
of revetments and river walls), (3) construction of the MCGS, (4) operation of the MCGS, and (5)
operation of the Rosario Weir.

36
(3) Information Disclosure
DAO 2003-30, Section 5.3 defines a public hearing as part of EIS review, i.e. information
disclosure. For those who did not participate in public hearings and scoping sessions, DAO 97-
24 assures the provision of “public access to all official data or information.” However, the general
public faces difficulty in accessing EIS Reports because DAO 97-24 Section 3.1.5 treats some of
these reports as “Confidential” and forbids their review.
There is weak evidence in the EIS (1998) regarding the social and environmental concern were
disclosed properly and adequately in accordance with JICA guidelines:
1) An information dissemination meeting was held at the Bayview Hotel in Manila in 1998.
Most of the people who attended the meeting were those of the government agencies, LGUs,
ADB, and SAPROF. No residents of areas affected by the project were included.
2) The EIS (1998) was written in English which is an official language of the Philippines. Since
most of the people living in the Project Affected Area use either non-English (52%
Households in directly affected area use only Tagalog) or a mixture of some English (48%
use mixture of Tagalog or Filipino and non-standard English) with native tongue, it is
deemed to be not easily accessible to the information in the EIS.
4.2 Stakeholder and Public Consultation Meetings
The review and update of EIS for the PMRCIP Phase IV engineering plans and project alignment,
in this Supplemental EIS have been achieved through close collaboration and consultation with the
LGUs of Marikina City, Pasig City and Quezon City. Moreover, each LGU’s development plans,
land use plans as well as natural conditions were reviewed, along with ocular inspections of
construction sites.
A series of joint ocular surveys with representatives of the three LGUs indicated the initial degree
of impact in each area. Afterwards, rigorous consultation dialogues and meetings with the residents
and local officials in Marikina and Quezon cities were undertaken where inputs from the
participants were considered to minimize the environmental impacts, as enumerated below.
For residents in Brgy. Santolan, the stakeholder meeting for PMRCIP Phase IV was postponed to
avoid misinformation on the floodwall construction being undertaken by Pasig City. Since the
construction of floodwall has been continued by Pasig City, DPWH has agreed to convene the
stakeholder meeting for residents in Santolan after the design to modify the constructed floodwall,
while stakeholder meeting for PMRCIP Phase IV with 8 business-establishments to be affected and
subject to land acquisition/compensation in Brgys. Santolan and Mangahan was undertaken on
August 31, 2018.
In the stakeholder meeting, twelve seven (7) representatives of 8 business-establishments attended
with the representatives of DPWH-UPMO-FCMC, Pasig City LGU and the Consultant. After
presentations of PMRCIP Phase IV and Legal Background/Current Practice for Land
Acquisition/Compensation, the meeting has proceeded for open discussion which the stakeholders
conveyed their queries and suggestions, and DPWH made clarifications and answers to them.
Summarizing the discussion, main points were:
(a) Plan and design of PMRCIP Phase IV will be finalized in the detailed engineering design
which is scheduled in 2019-2020.
(b) During the detailed engineering design, the consultation meeting with the stakeholders
will be convened to minimize social impacts such as land acquisition and compensation
for smooth implementation of the Project.
(c) On the other hand, it is assured that the business/income loss to be caused by the land
acquisition and relocation of structures will be compensated.
(d) The construction of floodwall by Pasig City LGU will be well adjusted and coordinated.

37
 (e) Any progress of the project development and related information shall be well
disseminated to the stakeholders.
(2) 1st PCM at Barangay Jesus De La Peña, Marikina City
Venue: Barangay Jesus dela Pena, Multipurpose Hall
Time: June 01, 2015
Participants: 69 (Local Residents: 55, Proponents: 14)
Topic Comment/
Name/Position Remarks
No. Answer
1 Comment/ Ma. Corazon P. Lim/ Ms. Cora asked the estimated budget of the Project. She
Question Secretary of Provident also queried how the loan of the Project will be done.
Village She expressed concern since it is the future generation
who will be paying for this loan.
Answer Proponent The unofficial estimate is around PHP14 Billion, and
may increase or decrease depending upon the results of
the detailed design. The loan agreement will be entered
between the Philippine Government and JICA and will
be finalized early next year based from the tentative
schedule.
2 Comment/ Ma. Corazon P. Lim/ She also asked if the bicycle/jogging lane along
Question Secretary Provident Marikina River will be affected by the project.

Answer Proponent The jogging lane along the Marikina River will not be
removed totally. There will be some sections though
that will be affected.
3 Comment/ Ma. Corazon P. Lim/ She inquired if the water lilies at the Marikina River
Question Secretary Provident will be removed during project implementation as
these pose as an obstacle to the river flow.
(Note: people normally refer to water lily and water
hyacinth as one; water lily was the actual term used,
this should be water hyacinth instead)
Answer Proponent In case the water lilies will pose as a problem during
construction, these will be removed. Water lilies
normally live in dirty water not in clean water. They do
not survive in salt water too, the reason why there are
no water lilies in Manila de Bay. So if the Marikina
River will be cleaned up, water lilies will not thrive. It
is necessary then that people should also help in
cleaning up the river to address the problem with water
lilies.
4 Comment/ Jeorge Milla/ Provident Mr. Jeorge inquired if the project construction would
Question Village Resident be 24/7(continuous for 24 hours in a day and 7 days in
a week).
Answer Proponent Construction works will not be entirely 24/7. There will
be times when work will still continue beyond the
regular working hours as needed.
5 Comment/ Jeorge Milla/ Provident Regarding the proposed additional vertical wall, he
Question Village Resident raised the concerned about their assurance of the
strength of the heightening of the wall. Based from
experience with Typhoon Ondoy, the river dike with a
width of 1 meter was destroyed.
Answer Proponent The heightening of the vertical wall will be based on
the difference of the height of the existing wall to the
height of the designed flood level.
For the structural strength, the proposed design is
double walling following the required standards.

38
Topic Comment/
Name/Position Remarks
No. Answer
6 Comment/ Jeorge Milla/ Provident Security in the area was raised during the construction
Question Village Resident phase. He inquired if the road to be built can help
address the congestion problem in their area.
Answer Proponent Regarding security, there will be a temporary security
fence to be placed. For the congestion problem, the
road to be built will just be a maintenance road and not
meant for vehicular traffic.
7 Comment/ Manny Sarmiento He suggested that Contractors should get working
Question /Barangay Captain of J. permit in their Barangay for the proper identification of
Dela Peña workers and for security purposes.
Answer Proponent The suggestion was considered. Workers will get
barangay permit, and workers will have proper uniform
to facilitate their identification.
8 Comment/ Roche Rigos/ Provident He inquired if there is any improvement or restoration
Question Village Resident of the Old Wawa Dam.
Proponent Wawa Dam is no longer operational. As part of the
flood control system, there is a proposed Marikina
Dam.
Comment/ Roche Rigos/ Provident He asked the exact location of the Marikina Dam.
Question Village Resident
Answer Proponent There is no exact location yet for the planned Marikina
Dam but it will be somewhere near the current Wawa
Dam.
9 Comment/ Marie Angelie She asked if there have been dredging activities being
Question Tan/Marikina City done by the Proponent as she observed some big trucks
Planning Development in the Jogging Lane area. The drivers of those trucks
identified DPWH as the Proponent of the project.
Answer Proponent The dredging in that area is not part of PMRCIP Phase
IV, it might be from the DPWH District Office.
10 Comment/ Ma. Corazon P. Lim/ She asked clarification regarding the height of the flood
Question Secretary Provident wall being proposed.
Answer Proponent The maximum elevation of the flood wall in the
Nangka area is more than 23 meters.
[Note: Nangka area is part of Phase V.
Comment/ Ma. Corazon P. Lim/ Based from Typhoon Ondoy experience, the flood in
Question Secretary Provident Provident Village reached the 2nd floor of most houses.
She raised concern whether the Project considered this
in the design.
Proponent The ground elevation should first be determined in
order to compare the house level with the design flood
level.
[Note: There was confusion in this part as Ms. Lim
asserted that the flood level during Ondoy reached 23ft.
Based from news articles, it was 23m and not 23ft.]
11 Comment/ Jeorge Milla/ Provident He queried if there will be noise barriers to be installed
Question Village Resident during construction.
Answer Proponent Noise barriers will be needed depending upon the
equipment to be used. Maintenance of the construction
equipment is part of the Environmental Management
Plan to mitigate the impact of noise.
12 Comment/ Roche Rigos/ Provident He raised the possibility of noise coming from the pile
Question Village Resident hammer during construction.
Answer Proponent Ordinary pile driver (hammer) will not be used in the
construction. A pile vibratory hammer will be used
instead similar to Phase III as this produces less noise.

39
(3) 2nd PCM at Barangay Kalumpang, Marikina City
Venue: Barangay Kalumpang, Multipurpose Hall
Time: June 03, 2015
Participants: 63 (Local Residents: 48, Proponents: 15)
Topic Comment/
Name/Position Remarks
No. Answer
1 Comment/ Bernardo B. He inquired if the ongoing dredging activities in their area
Question Santos/Resident of Brgy. is being facilitated by the DPWH or the DENR.
Kalumpang
Answer Proponent The on-going dredging activities along Marikina River is
not part of the PMRCIP Phase IV since the Project will still
commence in 2018.
The on-going river dredging is facilitated by the DPWH
Engineering District and is funded locally.
2 Comment/ Nikki S. Reas/Brgy. He asked for the distinction between the DPWH Main
Question Kalumpang Councilor Office from the District Office in order for them to
determine which office to proceed to seek help whenever
necessary.
Answer Proponent PMRCIP Phase IV is under the Unified Project
Management Office Flood Control Management Cluster of
the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH-
UPMO-FCMC). The office is located at the Port Area and
is under the office of Director Patrick Gatan as stated in the
brochures distributed. The on-going dredging activities
mentioned is under the DPWH District Engineering Office.
3 Comment/ Kaye Noll Andres- She expressed concern that people might be affected by the
Question Garcia/ Brgy. Project. In addition, she queried about the Project
Kalumpang Brgy. Capt. engineering details such as the river width incorporated in
the design.

Answer Proponent PMRCIP Phase IV river channel width is 90 meters. There

was no Project Affected People (PAP) identified in
Marikina City for Phase IV. The only area with PAPs in
Phase IV are in Barangay Bagumbayan which is located in
Quezon City.
4 Comment/ Nikki S. Reas/Kagawad He queried how the existing sheet piles along the river will
Question be affected.
Answer Proponent The existing sheet piles at the right side of the river has
already been considered in the proposed Detailed Design.
There are some sheet piles though that will be removed due
to some excavation works. Removed sheet piles in good
working conditions will be re-used in the Project.

5 Comment/ Bernardo B. Santos He raised concern about the existing “strong” river dike
Question which was constructed in 1954. With the Project, the
strength of the dike might be compromised due to the
vibration during the construction phase.
Answer Proponent The height of the existing river dike is actually below the
proposed design flood level. The height of the flood wall
will be increased if it is determined to be structurally sound,
otherwise it will be replaced totally.
6 Comment/ Ardi Gonzaga/ He asked clarification if the on-going project of the DPWH
Question Brgy. Kalumpang District Office will be stopped when PMRCIP Phase IV
Resident will be implemented. Further, he asked if the Project is

40
 Topic Comment/
Name/Position Remarks
No. Answer
funded by the LGU of Marikina City.
Answer Proponent Normally the timeline of DPWH projects are posted near
the project site. Construction works for PMRCIP Phase IV
on the other hand will still start in 2018, so most likely the
contract of the on-going dredging works may have been
finished by then.
For the source of funds of the on-going project, since it is
the Project of the DPWH District Office, it is still within
DPWH, and therefore from the National Government.
Comment Kennedy Sueno/ For clarification, there is an on-going project being
Marikina City Engineer implemented by the Park Development Office, funded by
the Marikina City Hall, which is separate from the on-going
dredging works, a Project of DPWH under First Metro
Manila District Engineering Office.

7 Comment Salome Aquino She suggested that the on-going DPWH dredging activities
should be finished immediately as the upcoming rainy
season will erode the soil that was removed from the river.
Proponent This concern will be forwarded to the DPWH First Metro
District Office.

(4) 3rd PCM at Barangay Bagumbayang, Quezon City

Venue: Barangay Bagumbayang, Multipurpose Hall
Time: June 05, 2015
Participants: 112 (Local Residents: 102, Proponents: 10)
Comment/
Topic No. Name/Position Remarks
Answer
1 Comment/ Jose Mendiola/ He asked the extent of the parapet wall that will be
Question Bagumbayan Deputy constructed as a component of the project.
Brgy. Peace & Security
Officer
Answer Proponent [The lay-out plan of the Project was flashed in the screen]
A new floodwall will be constructed from Rosario Weir up
to Marcos Bridge, and from that area up to Marikina
Bridge there will be heightening of the existing floodwall.
The parapet wall will be the structure on top of the
revetment.
2 Comment/ Ms. Leny Pasco/ Brgy. Someone from the DPWH said that they will not be
Question Capt. of Brgy. Libis affected by the ongoing project of the 51 st Brigade on the
retaining wall located near the creek between Brgy.
Bagumbayan and Brgy. Libis.
Answer Proponent That scope of work is beyond PMRCIP Phase IV.
3 Comment/ Rizaldy Masangkay/ He asked how many families will be affected and where
Question Brgy. Bagumbayan will be the relocation site be possibly located. There are
Resident talks it is located in Bulacan.
Answer Proponent The official results are not yet out, but once the report is
finished, it will be presented to the Quezon City
government.
For the relocation site, it cannot be confirmed as it is the
NHA (National Housing Authority) who has the authority
to decide on such matters.

41
 Comment/
Topic No. Name/Position Remarks
Answer
4 Comment/ Gil Ofina/ He asked if the Project will only involve dredging but not
Question Ortigas North widening of the river.
Association Can the industries along Marikina River have a discussion
Representative with DPWH to address the sustainable development of the
area?
Answer Proponent Regarding the first question some portions of the river
may be widened following the 90-m river channel width.
Aside from dredging, there will be construction of flood
wall along the river.
For the second question, several meetings will be held
after this public consultation, and the suggestion to have a
meeting with DPWH to promote sustainable development
in the area would be taken into consideration while the
detailed design is being finalized.

5 Comment/ Alex Cruz/ Brgy. In what station will the construction start? How will the
Question Bagumbayan Kagawad boundary/starting point of construction be determined?
Answer Proponent The construction program is not yet finalized, but the
proposed scheme is from downstream going to upstream.
The other specifications may be determined once the
detailed engineering design is done.
6 Comment/ Mr. Elmer Maturan/ He wanted to request DPWH –ESSD that all affected
Question Brgy. Captain, Brgy Informal Settler Families (ISFs) be given a good
Bagumbayan relocation site with basic social services such as electricity
and water.
Further, he hoped that this Project is also anchored with
the preparations being done to reduce the disaster risks
related to the movement of the West Valley Fault. In case
of an earthquake which will most likely affect the
structures of Angat Dam, will the Project be able to
withstand the flood caused by the bursting of Angat Dam?
Answer Proponent Regarding the resettlement of ISFs, the guidelines
specified by the existing laws on resettlement and
relocation shall be followed.
Regarding Angat Dam, this is located in Bulacan and in
case it will be affected by the earthquake, the water will
be directed towards Novaliches, Quezon City. It will not
have an effect to the Pasig-Marikina River. The only dam
connected with Marikina River is the Wawa Dam which is
located in Montalban, Rizal [Rodriguez is the new name
of Montalban]. This dam however is currently non-
functional.
7 Comment/ Jeanette E. Celmar/Brgy. If the situation will call for a resettlement, she suggested
Question Bagumbayan Resident that the house be big enough so she can put a sari-sari
store. In addition, she hoped there will be a nearby school
so her children’s education will not be affected.

Answer Proponent These suggestions will be taken into consideration

following the resettlement guidelines imposed by our
existing laws.
8 Comment/ Nilo Jovero/ Alcos He queried if the design of the flood control structure be
Question Global Corporation altered so as to avoid the existing structure currently
Representative occupied by the company he is working at.
Answer Proponent The answer could not be provided as the Project is not yet
done with the detailed design stage.

42
 Comment/
Topic No. Name/Position Remarks
Answer
9 Comment/ Mr. Elmer Maturan/ He asked for clarification how to avoid duplication of
Question Brgy. Capt., Brgy. data in the census survey. There was a case about a house
Bagumbayan owner who went out of town during the conduct of the
census survey due to an emergency reason. The owner
wanted his/her name to be reflected in the census survey
and not the name of the house care-taker who was present
during the survey.
Answer Proponent Pertinent documents are normally presented to show the
authenticity of the ownership of the house. Validation and
documentation are done to establish the proper ownership
of the house.

43
 CHAPTER 5 CURRENT LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF THE
PHILIPPINE EIS SYSTEM

5.1 Legal Framework

In the Philippines, any project or activity that may potentially have a negative impact on the
environment is subject to an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) under the Philippine
Environmental Impact Statement System (PEISS). The PEISS was initially set up by Presidential
Decree (PD) No. 1151 in 1977, known as the Philippine Environmental Policy. It stipulates the
necessity of the preparation of EIS for the proposed project and/or undertakings which might cause
significant environmental impacts. In the following year, PD No. 1586 was promulgated to
formalize the EIS System under the PD No. 1151.
The EIS process applies to proposed projects that are identified as Environmentally Critical Projects
(ECPs) and proposed projects to be located in Environmentally Critical Areas (ECAs), two of
which are presumed to have significant impacts on the environment. The ECPs and ECAs have
been defined and identified in the Presidential Proclamation (PP) No. 2146 (1981) and PP No. 803
(1996). The implementing rules of the EIS System was stipulated in the DENR Administrative
Order No. 37 in 1996 (DAO No. 96-37), which was revised to partly simplify the procedures by
AO No. 42 (2002) and DAO No.03-30 (2003). In November 2011, Memorandum Circular 005 was
issued by DENR-EMB to streamline EIA requirements and include climate change adaptation and
disaster risk reduction into the EIA. In 2014, another Memorandum Circular (2014-005) was issued
by DENR-EMB, in which coverage screening and standardized requirements were updated. Table
5.1.1 summarizes the legal framework of the PEISS.
Table 5.1.1 List of Laws and Regulations/Guidelines for PEISS
No./Title of laws,
Contents / Points related to the Project
Subject/Coverage regulations or
(PMRCIP)
administrative order
1 PEISS (Philippine Environmental Impact An act establishing and centralizing the
Environmental Statement System (EISS), Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
Impact Statement Presidential Decree No. System
System) 1586 (1978)
2 Screening Process of Presidential Proclamation Environmentally Critical Projects (ECPs) to
PEISS No. 2146 (1981) and No. cause significant impact on the quality of
803 (1996) environment and Environmentally Critical
Areas (ECAs)
3 Further strengthening DENR Administrative Emphasis on promoting maximum public
of PEISS Order No. 37 Series of 1996 participation in EIA process for social
(DAO 96-37) acceptability of the project.
4 Timeframe of PEISS Administrative Order (AO) Streamlining the ECC application processing
No. 42 (2002) procedures and strengthening the
implementation of the PEISS
5 Implementation DENR Administrative Implementation rules and regulations of
Rules and Order No. 30 Series of 2003 Presidential Decree No. 1586 (above).
Procedures of PEISS (DAO 03-30), Revised Also, provided detailed definitions of
Procedural Manual (2007) technical terms and detailed information
regarding procedures, related laws and
regulations
6 Climate change DENR-EMB Memorandum Promotion of Climate Change Adaptation
adaption and disaster Circular 005 (2011) (CCA) and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)
risk reduction and streamlining EIA Requirements.

44
 No./Title of laws,
Contents / Points related to the Project
Subject/Coverage regulations or
(PMRCIP)
administrative order
7 Coverage Screening DENR-EMB Memorandum Providing project types within the ECP
and Standardized Circular 005 (2014) category as well as clearer and updated
Requirements technical definition of ECAs description of
activities / undertakings.

5.2 Procedures of PEISS

As shown in Figure 5.2.1, the procedures of EIA can be grouped into three major stages, including
(1) pre-study stage (screening and scoping), (2) EIA study stage and (3) post-study stage (review,
decision-making and monitoring).

Project

EIA Required No EIA

Pre-Study Stage
EIA Study Scoping

EIA Study/ Report Preparation

by the Project Proponent as
a requirement for ECC application

Change of

Public Involvement
Project Review and Evaluation of EIA
EIA Study Stage plan/ facilitated by DENR-EMB
Relocation

Issuance of ECC w/ recommendations to

Denial of ECC
other entitles w/ mandate on the project

Secure necessary permits / clearances from other EMB

Divisions, DENR Bureaus, other GAs and LGUs

Expansion/Project modifications Implementation

Post-Study Stage Environmental Impact Monitoring and Evaluation/Audit

Legend:
Proponent driven
DENR-EMB driven
Proponent driven but the EIA process as
requirements are under the mandate of
other entities

Source: Revised Procedural Manual for DENR Administrative Order No. 30 Series of 2003 (DAO 03-
30)(2007)

Figure 5.2.1 Summary Flowchart of EIA Process

45
5.3 Projects Covered by PEISS
The four (4) ECP project types and twelve (12) ECA categories declared under Proclamation No.
2146 (1981) and Proclamation No. 803 (1996) are summarized in Table 5.3.1 and Table 5.3.2,
respectively.
Table 5.3.1 Summary of Environmentally Critical Projects (ECPs)
Main Categories Sub Category
I. Heavy Industries Non-Ferrous Metal Industries,
Iron and Steel Mills,
Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries,
Smelting Plants.
II. Resource Extractive Mining and Quarrying Projects,
Industries Forestry Projects,
Dikes for /and Fishpond Development Projects.
III. Infrastructure Projects Dams,
Power Plants,
Reclamation Projects,
Road and Bridges.
IV. Golf Course Projects Golf Course
Source: Revised Guidelines for Coverage Screening and Standardized Requirements under PEISS, EMB
Memorandum Circular , 004, July 2014

Table 5.3.2 Summary of Environmentally Critical Areas (ECAs)

ECA Categories Examples
- Areas declared as such under Republic Act No. 7586 or National
Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act,
1. Areas declared by law as national
- Areas declared as such through other issuances from pertinent
parks, watershed reserves, wildlife
national and local government agencies such as presidential
preserves, and sanctuaries
proclamations and executive orders, local ordinances and
international commitments and declarations.
- Aesthetic potential tourist spots declared and reserved by the LGU,
DOT or other appropriate authorities for tourism development,
2. Areas set aside as aesthetic,
- Class 1 and 2 cases as cited in EMB MC 2014-004 and defined
potential tourist spots
under DENR MC 2012-03 and significant cases as may be
determined by BMB and EMB.
- Areas identified as key biodiversity areas (KBAs) by BMB,
3. Areas which constitute the habitat
- Areas declared as Local Conservation Areas (LCA) through
for any endangered or threatened
issuances from pertinent national and local government agencies
species of indigenous Philippine
such as presidential proclamations and executive orders, local
wildlife (flora and fauna)
ordinances and international commitments and declarations.
- All areas declared as historic site under RA 10066 by NHCP,
- The whole barangay or municipality, as may be applicable, where
archaeological, paleontological and anthropological sites/
4. Areas of unique historic, reservations are located as proclaimed by the National Museum.
archeological, geological, or - The whole barangay or municipality, as may be applicable, of
scientific interests cultural and scientific significance to be the nation as recognized
through national or local laws or ordinances (e.g. declared geological
monuments and scientific research areas and areas with cultural
heritage significance as declared by the LGUs or NCCA).
- Areas issued Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT) or
Certificate of Ancestral Land Title (CALT) by National Commission
on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP),
5. Areas which are traditionally
- Areas issued Certificate of Ancestral Domain Claim (CADC) or
occupied by cultural communities
Certificated Ancestral Land Claim (CALC) by the DENR,
or tribes
- Areas that are historically/ traditionally occupied as ancestral lands
or ancestral domains by indigenous communities as documented in
reputable publications or certified by NCIP.
6. Areas frequently visited and or The areas shall be so characterized if any of the following conditions
hard-hit by natural calamities exist:
(geologic hazards, floods, 6.1 Geologic hazard areas:
typhoons, volcanic activity, etc. - Areas classified by the MGB as susceptible to landslide;

46
 - Areas identified as prone to land subsidence and ground settling;
areas with sinkholes and sags as determined by the MGB or as
certified by other competent authorities.
6.2 Flood-prone areas:
- Areas with identified or classified by MGB or PAGASA as
susceptible or prone to flood.
6.3 Areas frequently visited or hard-hit by typhoons:
- For purposes of coverage, depressions, storms and typhoons will be
covered in the category;
- This shall refer to all provinces affected by a tropical cyclone in the
past.
6.4 Areas prone to volcanic activities/ earthquakes:
- This refers to all areas around active volcanoes designated by
Philippine institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)
as Permanent Danger Zone as well as areas delineated to be prone
to pyroclastic flow hazard, lava flow hazard, lahar hazard and other
volcanic hazard as found applicable per active volcano.
- This refers to all areas identified by Philippine institute of
Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) to be transected by
active faults and their corresponding recommended buffer zones, as
well as areas delineated to be prone to ground-shaking hazard,
liquefaction hazard, earthquake-triggered landslide hazard and
tsunami hazard.
This shall refer to all lands with slope of 50% or more as determined
7. Areas with critical slope
from the latest official topographic map from NAMRIA.
Prime Agricultural lands shall refer to lands that can be used for various
8. Areas classified as prime or specific agricultural activities and can provide optimum sustainable
agricultural lands yield with a minimum of inputs and developments costs as determined
by DA, NIA or concerned LGU through their zoning ordinance.
- Recharge areas of aquifers shall refer to sources of water
replenishment where rainwater or seepage actually enters the
9. Recharged areas of aquifers aquifers.
- Areas under this classification shall be limited to all local or non-
national watersheds and geothermal reservations.
All natural water bodies (e.g., rivers, lake, bay) that have been
10. Water bodies
classified or not.
11. Mangrove Areas Mangrove areas as mapped identified by DENR.
12. Coral Reefs Coral reefs as mapped or identified by DENR and/or DA-BFAR.
Source: Revised Guidelines for Coverage Screening and Standardized Requirements under PEISS, EMB
Memorandum Circular , 004, July 2014

The PMRCIP belongs to the infrastructure category in the Table 5.3.1 (ECPs). However, this
Project is not included in the sub-category of the table. On the other hand, the Project is included
in Category 6 (sub-categories of 6.2 and 6.3) and 10 in Table 5.3.2 (ECAs).
5.4 Required Documents under PEISS
Projects are classified into five major groups depending on the type and location of the project as
shown in table below:
Table 5.4.1 Project Groups for EIA under PEISS
Group Definition
I Environmentally Critical Projects (ECPs) in both Environmentally Critical Areas
(ECAs) and Non-Environmentally Critical Areas (Non-ECAs)
II Non-Environmentally Critical Projects in Environmentally Critical Areas
III Non-Environmentally Critical Projects in Non-Environmentally Critical Areas.
IV Co-located projects in either Environmentally Critical Areas (ECAs) or Non-
Environmentally Critical Areas (Non-ECAs); A group of single projects, under one (1)
or more Proponents/Locators, which are located in a contiguous area and managed by
one (1) Administrator, who is also the ECC Applicant (e.g., Economic Zones)
V Unclassified projects which are not listed in any of the groups above, e.g., projects
using new processes/ technologies with uncertain impacts (interim category)
Source: Revised Procedural Manual for DENR Administrative Order No. 30 Series of 2003 (DAO
03-30)(2007)

47
There are seven different types of reports required under the PEISS, including:
1) Environmental Impact Statement (EIS),
2) Programmatic EIS (PEIS),
3) Initial Environmental Examination Report (IEER),
4) Initial Environmental Examination Checklist (IEEC),
5) Project Description Report (PDR),
6) Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan (EPRMP), and
7) Programmatic EPRMP (PEPRMP).
For new projects, EIA-covered projects in Group I, II and IV in Table 5.4.1 are required either of
EIS, PEIS, IEER or IEEC. For non-covered projects in Group II and III, PDR is the appropriate
document to secure a Certificate of Non-Coverage (CNC) from DENR-EMB.
For operating projects with an existing Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) but planning
to modify/expand or re-start operations, the requirement is EPRMP for a single project and
PEPRMP for co-located project is applied.
The following is the outline of the EIS according to Revised Procedural Manual of DENR
Administrative Order No. 30 Series of 2003:

Table 5.4.2 EIS Outline based DAO No. 2003-30

Project Fact Sheet

Table of Contents
Executive Summary
1) Brief Project Description
2) Brief Summary of Project’s EIA Process
3) Summary of Baseline Characterization
4) Summary of Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Plan
5) Summary of Environmental Monitoring Plan
6) EMF and EGF Commitments
DRAFT MAIN EIS
1. BASIC PROJECT INFORMATION
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT’S EIA PROCESS
2.1. Terms of Reference of the EIA Study
2.2. EIA Team
2.3. EIA Study Schedule
2.4. EIA Study Area
2.5. EIA Methodology
2.6. Public Participation
3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
3.1. Project Location and Area
3.2. Project Rationale
3.3. Project Alternatives
3.4. Project Development Plan, Process/Technology Options and Project Components
3.5. Description of Project Phases (Activities/Environmental Aspects, Associated Wastes and Built-in Pollution
Control Measures)
3.5.1. Pre-construction/ Pre-operational phase
3.5.2. Construction/Development phase
3.5.3. Operational phase
3.5.4. Abandonment phase
3.6. Manpower Requirements
3.7. Project Cost
3.8. Project Duration and Schedule
4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION
4.1. The Land (Discuss only relevant modules)
4.1.1. Land Use and Classification
4.1.2. Pedology
4.1.3. Geology and Geomorphology
4.1.4. Terrestrial Biology
4.2. The Water (Discuss only relevant modules)
4.2.1. Hydrology & Hydrogeology
4.2.2. Oceanography
4.2.3. Water Quality

48
 4.2.4. Freshwater Biology
4.2.5. Marine Biology
4.3. The Air (Discuss only relevant modules)
4.3.1. Meteorology
4.3.2. Air Quality and Noise
4.4. The People
5. ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT (WHEN APPLICABLE)
6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
6.1. Impacts Management Plan
6.2. Social Development Framework
6.3. IEC Framework
6.4. Emergency Response Policy and Generic Guidelines
6.5. Abandonment /Decommissioning /Rehabilitation Policies and Generic Guidelines
6.6. Environmental Monitoring Plan
6.6.1. Self-Monitoring Plan
6.6.1. Multi-sectoral Monitoring Framework
6.6.1. Environmental Guarantee and Monitoring Fund Commitment
6.7. Institutional Plan for EMP Implementation
7. BIBLIOGRAPHY/REFERENCES
8. ANNEXES
8.1. Scoping Checklist
8.2. Original Sworn Accountability Statement of Proponent
8.3. Original Sworn Accountability Statement of Key EIS Consultants
8.4. Proof of Public Participation
8.5. Baseline Study Support Information
8.6. Impact Assessment and EMP Support Information
Source: Revised Procedural Manual for DENR Administrative Order No. 30 Series of 2003 (DAO 03-30)(2007)

5.5 Public Participation in PEISS

(1) Information, Education and Communication (IEC) and Public Scoping
DENR Administrative Order No. 30 Series of 2003 (DAO 03-30) states that an IEC of Local
Government Unit (LGU) is required at the minimum of EIS-based applications as part of the social
preparation process at Pre-Scoping. IEC serves as a basis for preliminary identification of
stakeholders and related issues in preparation for the Public Scoping. For EIS-based applications,
Public Scoping is one of the processes to obtain community inputs prior to the technical scoping of
EIA Review Team with the proponent, conducted before signing-off of the Scoping Checklist
mentioned, which comprises the final TOR of the EIA Study.
(2) Public Hearing/Consultation
For the disclosure of the EIA findings, Public Hearings shall be required for all new ECPs for which
Public Scoping was undertaken. A waiver of the Public Hearing requested by the Proponent may
be granted by the DENR-EMB if there is no mounting opposition or written request for one with
valid basis. In such cases, a Public Consultation might be conducted instead.
(3) Participation of Indigenous Peoples for Decision-making Process
In 2006, NCIP Administrative Order No.1, namely, the Free and Prior Informed Consent (FPIC)
guidelines, was promulgated by the National Commission of Indigenous People (NCIP). The
objective of the guideline is to ensure genuine participation of Indigenous Cultural Communities
(ICC) and Indigenous Peoples (IPs) in decision-making as well as to protect the rights of ICCs/IPs
in the introduction and implementation of activities that will impact upon their Ancestral
Domains/Lands (ADs/ALs).
The guideline also details the process for conducting Field Based Investigation (FBI) and obtaining
the Certification Precondition from the NCIP attesting that the applicant has complied with the
requirements for securing the affected ICC/IP’s FCIP. It is required for the EIS (Environment
Impact Statement)-based projects which can affect the ADs to follow the FCIP procedures.
NCIP regional office is responsible for receiving applications for the issuance of Certificate
Precondition as well as implementing FBI and overseeing the process to obtain the FPIC from the
IPs/ICCs.

49
5.6 Responsibility of Relevant Organizations
5.6.1 DENR-EMB
The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) is responsible for the conservation,
management, and development of the environment and natural resources in the Philippines. As
the main government agency tasked to promote sustainable development, its core function is to
formulate and implement environmental policies or guidelines for environmental management, as
well as pollution prevention and control. The DENR also regulates the exploration, development,
extraction and disposition of natural resources in the Philippines, which includes water bodies,
forests, lands, minerals and wildlife.
Pollution prevention and control, environmental protection and environmental impact assessments
are carried out by DENR through its line bureau, the DENR Environmental Management Bureau
(DENR-EMB). The DENR-EMB is mandated to implement national environmental laws, namely,
the Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) System (PD 1586), Toxic Substances and Hazardous
and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990 (RA 6969), Clean Air Act of 1999 (RA 8749), Ecological
Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (RA 9003), Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 (RA 9275),
and the Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008 (RA 9512). Technical and
regulatory assistance is provided by DENR-EMB, which includes the issuance of environmental
permits, clearances and environmental compliance monitoring. Various environmental
parameters, including air quality, water quality and noise, are monitored and assessed using
environmental standards set by the DENR-EMB. In line with its mandate of implementing the
EIS System, the issuance of an ECC for proposed projects that will pose significant risks or impacts
on the environment, such as mining, agricultural or infrastructure projects, including flood risk
management projects.
The DENR-EMB operates at the central, regional, provincial and community level. It is headed by
the DENR-EMB Director at the national level and supported by seven divisions. The secretariats
for the National Solid Waste Management Commission and the Pollution Adjudication Board are
under the DENR-EMB. Regional DENR-EMB offices have five supporting divisions that allow
each region to function independently.
Office of the Director

Office of the Assistant Director

National Solid Waste

Pollution Adjudication
Management Commission
Board Secretariat
Secretariat

Environmental Impact Research and Environmental Environmental

Environmental Administrative and
Assessment and Development Education and Planning and Policy Legal Division
Quality Division Finance Division
Management Division Division Information Division Division

Planning and Personnel Legal Research

Review and Air Quality Pollution
Education Program Section and Advisory
Evaluation Management Research
Section Evaluation Section
Section Section Section
Section
Records Section
Prosecution
Systems Coordination Water Quality Laboratory Section
Information Policy Review and
Planning and Management Services Property Section
Section Analysis Section
Management Section Section Section

Accounting Hearing Section

Institutional Section
Monitoring and Chemicals Information
Coordination and
Validation Management Technology and
Documentation
Section Section Statistics Section Budget Section
Section

Hazardous
Waste Cashier Section
Management EMB – Regional Offices
Section

- Proposed structure per DAO 2002-17 and AO 42

Administrative Legal and Environmental Planning &

- Existing EMB structure Environmental
and Finance Environmental Impact Assessment Programming, MIS &
Quality Division
Division Education Division Division Statistics Division

Figure 5.6.1 Organization Chart of DENR-EMB Central Office

50
5.6.2 DENR-EMB-NCR
EMB-NCR is headed by a Regional Director who manages and sets direction to the over-all
operation of the Regional Office. She is backed up with four (4) Divisions, namely the Pollution
Control Division (PCD), the Environmental Impact Assessment and Management Division
(EIAMD), the Administrative and Finance Division (AFD) and the Planning and Programming,
Management Information System and Statistics Division (PPMISSD), all of which are composed
of several sections. The EIAMD, AFD, and PPMISSD are ad hoc Division headed by the regular
personnel whose position items belong to the Environmental Quality Division (EQD), which is the
lone regular division created under Executive Order 192. The ad hoc divisions were created in the
consonance with converted the EMB from a staff bureau to a line bureau.
The main task of the Regional Office involves enforcement of environmental laws within Metro
Manila. It however, has no Legal Division. Legal Officers hired under a “Contract of Service” term
provides legal assistance in the pursuance of cases involving violation of environmental laws.
Penalties for violation of Presidential Decree 1586 are imposed strictly based on set guidelines in
the Procedural Manual prepared specifically for PD 1586 implementation.
Other critical ECC related cases are endorsed to EMB-Central Office Legal Division. Cases
involving non-compliance to the provision of RA 6969 are as much as possible resolved through
the conduct of technical conferences within the regional office. On the other hand, cases involving
violation of the Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act are endorsed to the Pollution Adjudication Board
(PAB). The Environmental Education Unit which is mandated to undertake information
dissemination on environmental issues and concerns reports directly to the Regional Director. It
regularly conducts seminar/ lectures to various stakeholders of the region.

Regional Director

Legal Consultant SCPMO

Administrative and Finance Environmental Impact

Pollution Control Division Planning, Programming
Division Assessment Management
MIS and Statistics Division
Division

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Management

Personnel Section
Management Section Section Information System
Section
Budget Section Water Quality Review and
Management Section Assessment Section EEI Section
Cashier Section
Hazardous Waste Solid Waste
Management Section Management Section Planning Section
Accounting Section
Chemical
Management Section
Records Section

General Services LS Section

Section

Figure 5.6.2 Organizational Chart of DENR-EMB-NCR

51
5.6.3 DPWH-ESSD
Formerly known as the Environmental and Social Service Office of the Department of Public Works
and Highways (DWPH-ESSO), the Environmental and Social Safeguard Division (DPWH-ESSD)
is under the Planning Service of the DPWH Assistant Secretary. The DWPH-ESSD oversees
environmental and social considerations for proposed DPWH projects and has worked with
international donors like JICA, ADB and WB, for various development projects. Aside from
fulfilling requirements from international aid donors, DPWH-ESSD uses the Philippine EIS as a
guide to understand environmental and social conditions at proposed project sites. More specifically,
DPWH-ESSD performs the following:
 Assessments for environmental and social impacts, as well as land acquisition.
 Preparation of various documents required by the PEISS for proposed projects, including
reports for IEE, EIA, Environmental Management Plans (EMP) and Resettlement Action Plans
(RAP).
 Monitoring for environmental parameters, RAP implementation and post-project
implementation.
 Guidance for DPWH-PMO regional and district offices for the preparation of the
abovementioned PEISS documents, project monitoring and implementation
 Facilitation of consultations and information dissemination to project stakeholders.
 Maintenance and update of Geographical Information System (GIS) and data bank.
 Training at the regional, district and local level for environmental and social consultation, RAP
implementation, environmental management planning, monitoring, and other EIA tools.
 Coordination with other DPWH Offices, government agencies, LGUs, NGOs and other
stakeholders regarding environmental concerns on DPWH projects.
The organizational structure of DPWH-ESSD is found under Figure 5.6.3. There are three offices
supporting DPHW-ESSD, including the National Sewerage and Septage Management (NSSM)
Office, the Environmental Section and Social and Gender Section.

Figure 5.6.3 Organizational Chart of DPWH-ESSD

52
5.7 Regal Framework on Environmental and Social Considerations
5.7.1 Environmental Protection and Quality Standards
(a) Presidential Decree (PD) No. 984 (1976): Pollution Control Law
The Act serves as the foundation for managing industrial activities which deteriorate air
and water quality. It empowers the DENR to impose ex-parte cease and desist orders
(CDO) on the grounds of immediate threat to life, public health, safety or welfare, or to
animal or plant life when wastes or discharges exceed the normal amounts. Penalties for
the National Pollution Control Commission (NPCC) of the prohibited acts are also
stipulated including fines, imprisonment, closure or stoppage of operations as well as
payment of damages.
(b) Presidential Decree (PD) No. 1152 (1977): Philippine Environmental Code
The Decree is known as the Philippine Environment Code, and it launches a
comprehensive program on environmental protection and management. It also provides
for air, water quality, land use, natural resources and waste management for fisheries and
aquatic resources; wildlife; forestry and soil conservation; flood control and natural
calamities; energy development; conservation and utilization of surface and ground
water and mineral resources.
(c) Republic Act (RA) No. 8749 (1999): Clean Air Act
The Act outlines the government’s measures to reduce air pollution and incorporate
environmental protection into its development plans. It relies heavily on the polluter pays
principle and other market-based instruments to promote self-regulation among the
population. It sets emission standards for all motor vehicles and issues pollutant
limitations for industry. It also imposes the appropriate punishments for violators of the
law.
(d) Republic Act (RA) No. 9275 (2004): Clean Water Act
The Act aims to protect the country’s water bodies (natural and manmade) of fresh,
brackish, and saline waters, and includes but not limited to aquifers, groundwater,
springs, creeks, streams, rivers, ponds, lagoons, water reservoirs, lakes, bays, estuarine,
coastal and marine waters. It provides for a comprehensive and integrated strategy to
prevent and minimize pollution through a multi-sectoral and participatory approach
involving all the stakeholders.
(e) DAO No. 2000-81: Implementing Rules of Regulations for RA No. 8749
DAO No.2000-81 is IRR for RA No. 8749, known as the “Philippine Clean Air Act of
1999.” It provides the National Ambient Air Quality Guideline Values necessary to
protect public health and safety and general welfare.
(f) Memorandum Circular of National Pollution Control Commission (NPCC), 1980
The Memorandum Circular provides the ambient noise level by category of areas, i.e.,
the section or area which requires quietness, residential, commercial, light industrial and
heavy industrial areas, and by time regime in a day, i.e., morning, daytime, evening and
night time.
(g) DAO No. 1990-34: Revised Water Usage and Classification/Water Quality Criteria
DAO No. 1990-34 provides water usages and classification for Fresh Surface Waters
(rivers, lakes, reservoirs, etc.) and Coastal and Marine Waters (Section 68), and Water
Quality Criteria for Fresh Waters (the same) and Coastal and Marine Waters Criteria
(Section 69).

53
 (h) DAO No.1990-35: Revised Effluent Regulations of 1990, Revising and Amending the
Effluent Regulations of 1982
DAO No. 1990-35 apples to all industrial and municipal wastewater effluents. It provides
effluent standards, or maximum limits, of toxic and other deleterious substances for the
protection of public health, and of conventional and other pollutants, etc.
5.7.2 Solid Waste Management and Disposal
(a) Presidential Decrees (PD) No.856 (1975): Code on Sanitation of the Philippines
PD No. 856, known as “Code on Sanitation of the Philippines,” prescribes guidelines,
requirements and restrictions to ensure cleanliness in various establishments such as
restaurants, hospitals, hotels, funeral parlors etc. The purpose of the law is to promote
the health of the people and to codify and integrate the scattered sanitary laws to ensure
that they are in keeping with modern standards of sanitation.
(b) Presidential Decrees (PD) No.1152 (1977): Philippine Environmental Code
PD No. 1152, known as “Philippine Environment Code,” defines the policy objectives
and the strategies for the various aspects of environmental management, including waste
management. It gives the Department of Internal and Local Government (DILG) the task
of promulgating guidelines for the formation and establishment of waste management
programs. Further, it mandates each local government unit to provide measures to
facilitate the collection, transportation, processing and disposal of waste within its
jurisdiction in coordination with other government agencies concerned.
(c) Republic Act (RA) 6969 (1990): Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes
Control Act
The Act, known as “Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act,”
covers the importation, manufacture, processing, handling, storage, transportation, sale,
distribution, use and disposal of all unregulated chemical substances and mixtures in the
Philippines, including the entry, even in transit, as well as the keeping or storage and
disposal of hazardous and nuclear wastes into the country for whatever purpose.
(d) Republic Act (RA) No.9003 (2001): Ecological Solid Waste Management Act
The Act, known as“Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000, ” seeks to adopt
a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste management program. It
stipulates guidelines and targets for solid waste avoidance and volume reduction through
source reduction and waste minimization measures, including composting, recycling,
reuse, recovery, green charcoal process, and others, before collection, treatment and
disposal. The Act also ensures the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage,
treatment and disposal of solid waste. The LGUs shall be primarily responsible for the
Act.
(e) DAO No. 2013-22, DAO 36 Series of 2004 (DAO 04-36): Procedural Manual on
Hazardous Wastes
DAO No. 04-36 is a procedural manual on hazardous wastes of DAO No.92-29,
Implementing Rules and Regulations of RA 6969. DAO No. 2013-22 is a revised
procedural manual on hazardous wastes of DAO No. 04-36, which provides a table for
the classification of hazardous waste and lays down the requirements for proper
hazardous waste management.
5.7.3 Protected Areas and Protected Species
(a) Republic Act (RA) No. 7586 (1992): National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS)
The Act, known as National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS), aims to protect
and maintain the natural biological and physical diversities of the environment, notably
areas with biologically unique features to sustain human life and development as well as

54
 plant and animal life. It establishes a comprehensive system of integrated protected areas
to encompass (1) outstandingly remarkable areas and biologically important public lands
that are habitations of rare and endangered species of plants and animals, (2) bio-
geographic zones and (3) related ecosystems, whether terrestrial, wetland or marine.
(b) DAO No. 2008-26 Revised IRR of RA No. 7586
The DAO is the Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations of the NIPAS Act of 1992,
stipulates the procedures for the establishment, administration, management and
development of the System. It sets the categories and criteria in the determination of
appropriate category of a protected area, including strict nature reserve, natural par,
natural monument, wildlife sanctuary, protected landscape and seascape, resource
reserve, natural biotic areas, and other categories.
(c) Republic Act (RA) No.9147 (2001): Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act
The Act, known as the "Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act," provide
for the conservation and protection of wildlife resources and their habitats, appropriating
funds therefore and for other purposes. The provisions of this Act shall be enforceable
for all wildlife species found in areas of the country, including protected areas under RA
No. 7586 (NIPAS). This Act shall also apply to exotic species which are subject to trade,
are cultured, maintained and/or bred in captivity or propagated in the country.
(d) DAO No. 2004-15: List of Threatened Species and Other Wildlife
The DAO establishes a list of terrestrial threatened species and their categories, and the
list of other wildlife species pursuant to Republic Act No. 9147, otherwise known as the
Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act of 2001 (listed above).
(e) DAO No. 2007-01: Protected Species
The DAO establishes a list of threatened Philippines plants and their categories, and the
list of other wildlife species, pursuant to Republic Act No. 9147, otherwise known as the
Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act of 2001 (listed above).
5.7.4 River Area, Land Acquisition and Resettlement
(a) The Water Code (Presidential Decree No. 1067, 1976)
The Code covers underground water, water above the ground, water in the atmosphere
and the waters of the sea within the territorial jurisdiction of the Philippines. It establishes
the basic principles and framework relating to the appropriation, control and
conservation of water resources to achieve the optimum development and rational
utilization of these resources. The Code administers river areas in Article No. 51 as
follows: The banks of rivers and streams and the shores of the seas and lakes throughout
their entire length and within a zone of three (3) meters in urban areas, 20m in agricultural
areas, and 40m in forest areas along their margins, are subject to the easement of public
use. No person shall be allowed to build structures of any kind or to stay in this zone
longer than necessary for recreation, navigation, floatage, fishing, or salvage
(b) Urban Development and Housing Act (UDHA) (RA 7279, 1992)
The Act is a piece of legislation that essentially calls for the provision for a
comprehensive and continuing urban development and housing program, and to establish
the mechanism for its implementation. Also informally known as the Lina Law after its
author, former senator Jose D. Lina, the law mandates the local governments, with the
support of the national government, to undertake urban development and renewal, paying
attention to underprivileged and homeless citizens. It also sets the guidelines and the
procedures in the eviction of informal settlers and demolition of their dwellings (Section
28) and resettlement (Section 22, 23 and 29).

55
(c) An Act to Facilitate the Acquisition of Right-Of-Way (ROW), Site or Location for
National Government Infrastructure Projects and for other Purposes (RA 8974, 2000)
The Act is aiming at facilitating the acquisition of real property needed as right-of-way,
site or relocation for any national government infrastructure project through donation,
negotiated sales, expropriation or any other mode of acquisition as provided by law
(Section 3). The law and its IRR also prescribe that the valuation of improvements and/or
structures shall be determined using the replacement cost method (Section 5).
(d) Executive Order No. 708 (2008) – Amending EO 152, s. 2002
The Order devolves the functions of the Presidential Commission for the Urban Poor
(PCUP) as the clearing house for the conduct of demolition and eviction activities
involving the homeless and underprivileged citizens to the local government units
(LGUs) (Section 1), mandates the creation of Local Housing Boards by virtue of a local
ordinance (Section 2) and the PCUP retaining its monitoring and reporting units (Section
3).
(e) Executive Order No. 69 (2012). Strengthening the Presidential Commission for the Urban
Poor
The Order and its IRR is aimed to strengthen the Presidential Commission for the Urban
Poor (PCUP), by transferring the PCUP under the Office of the President of the
Philippines to effectively coordinate, formulate, and evaluate policies and programs
concerning the urban poor (Section 1), to undertake social preparation activities related
to the urban poor(Section 2), and to designates the PCUP as a member of the Local Inter
Agency Committee (LIAC), the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council
(HUDCC), the Local Housing Board and other key shelter agencies (Section 3).

56
 CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE CONDITIONS

6.1 Scope of Updated Environmental Baseline Conditions

6.1.1 Scope of Environmental Components
Seventeen (17) years have passed since the EIS (1998) was prepared for this Project. Hence the
environmental and social situations in the project areas of Phase IV have changed due to the
urbanization along the Marikina River. Some of such changes are estimated to affect the
appropriateness of the results of environmental impact assessment and the Environmental
Management Plan (EMP) developed in the EIS (1998). In order to prepare the proper way for
impact prediction and assessment as well as to cope with the anticipated negative impacts, it is
necessary to review/ update the environmental baseline conditions, on which the environmental
impact shall be conducted. Scope of the reviewing/ updating components of the baseline conditions
are listed in the table below. The key points of the survey are as follows:
 Focusing on the areas to be affected by construction works and flood control structures of the
Project, Phase IV, which may cause potential negative impacts.
 Focusing on the current status of environmental and social conditions which have changed
from the time when EIS was prepared (1998) in the potential impact areas mentioned above,
 Updating and adding some information that can be used to anticipate environmental and social
impacts by the implementation of the Project.
Table 6.1.1 Scope of Environmental Components Reviewed/ Updated
No. Category Components
1 Physical-chemical Environment Air quality,
Noise,
River water quality,
Riverbed sediment quality,
Solid waste,
Land subsidence,
Offensive odor.
2 Natural Environment Meteorology and climate,
Pedology, topography and geology,
Hydrology,
Terrestrial flora,
Terrestrial fauna,
Aquatic biota,
Protected areas and Environmentally Critical Areas (ECAs).
3 Socio-economic Environment Demography,
Land use,
Infrastructure and social services,
Socio-economic and livelihood conditions,
Water use,
River dependency,
Cultural and historical heritage,
Social issues,
Religion and worship,
Public health and infectious diseases including HIV/AIDS,
Gender, vulnerable people and rights of children,
Ethnic minority and indigenous people,
Perception of Location People for PMRCIP.
Note) Components listed in this table are not exactly correspondent to those listed in Table 3.3.1. These components
will be discussed in Section 6.1 Potential Negative Impacts without Mitigation.

57
6.1.2 Objective Area of Environmental Survey
The LGUs that cover the riverine area facing to the Middle Marikina River are chosen as a project-
affected area of the Project, Phase IV. These LGUs are shown within the boundary line in Figure
6.1.1.

Figure 6.1.1 LGUs along the Marikina River in Affected Area of the Phase IV

58
Regarding the Project, Phase II, construction works for river channel improvement of the Pasig
River were continued from 2009 to 2013. During the construction stage, necessary environmental
measures were taken. Environmental monitoring was also conducted in timely manner and
inspected by Multi-partite Monitoring Team (MMT) consisting of the stakeholders, including
DPWH (Proponent), DENR-NCR, LGUs, LLDA, MMDA and NGOs.
As for the Project, Phase III, consisting of the two packages; Contract Package 01 (CP-1) covering
the Pasig River and Contract Package 02 (CP-2) covering the Lower Marikina River, construction
works have commenced in 2014 and will be completed in 2017. The baseline environmental
condition surveys were conducted from July 2014.
Environmental monitoring locations, including air quality, noise, water quality and aquatic biota in
the Phase II and III are shown in Figure 6.1.2. Figure 6.1.3 and 6.1.4 show the sampling locations
and survey area of primary data for the review / updating of EIS (1998) for Phase IV.

Figure 6.1.2 Environmental Monitoring Stations for the PMRCIP, Phase II and III
Laguna Lake is connected to Marikina River by the Mangahan Floodway and has been used as a
buffer to temporarily store the major part of flood discharge from Marikina River. The construction
of MCGS which is a significant component of Phase IV will regulate the flood diversion, and hence
bring more flood discharge to the Lake. Although it is evaluated that the environmental impacts
to the Lake by MCGS are minimal and negligible, the present environmental conditions of Laguna
Lake is given in Annex – 8 as a reference.

59
 WQ-3
AQN-3

SQ-9

AQN-2

SQ-7
WQ-2

SQ-6
SQ-8

SQ-5

SQ-4 AQN-1

SQ-2

WQ-1 SQ-3

SQ-1

Legend
AQN: Air Quality and Noise
WQ: Water Quality
SQ: Riverbed Sediment Quality

Figure 6.1.3 Sampling Locations for Primary Data on Air Quality, Noise,
Water quality and Riverbed Sediment Quality for Phase IV

60
 V-2

AB-1

TF-2

V-1 UV-1

SN-1

TF-1

Legend
V: Flora Sampling
TF: Fauna Line Transect
SN: Fauna Sweep Net Sampling
UV: Fauna Light Trap Sampling
AB: Aquatic Biota Sampling

Figure 6.1.4 Sampling Locations and Survey Area for Primary Data on
Terrestrial Flora and Fauna, Aquatic Biota for Phase IV

61
6.2 Physio-chemical Environment
6.2.1 Air Quality
(1) Environmental Standard
Quality standard of ambient air quality is shown in Table 6.2.1 as National Ambient Air Quality
Guideline (NAAQG) for Criteria Pollutants provided by the DENR.
Table 6.2.1 National Ambient Air Quality Guideline (NAAQG) for Criteria Pollutants
Short Term (a) Long Term (b)
Pollutant
g/NCM ppm Ave. Time g/NCM ppm Ave. Time
Suspended Particulate Matter (e)
TSP 230 (f) 24 hours 90 -- 1 year (c)
PM-10 150 (g) 24 hours 60 -- 1 year (c)
Sulfur Dioxide (S02) (e) 180 0.07 24 hours 80 0.03 1 year
Nitrogen Dioxide (N02) 150 0.08 24 hours -- -- --
Photochemical Oxidants 140 0.07 1 hour -- -- --
As Ozone 60 0.03 8 hours -- -- --
35 mg/NCM 30 1 hour -- -- --
Carbon Monoxide
10 mg/NCM 9 8 hours -- -- --
Lead (d) 1.5 -- 3 mo. (d) 1.0 -- 1 year
Note) (a) Maximum limits represented by (98%) values not to be exceeded more than once a year,
(b) Arithmetic Mean,
(c) Annual Geometric Mean,
(d) Evaluation of this guideline is carried out for 24- hours averaging time and averaged over three moving
calendar months,
(e) SO2 and Suspended Particulates are sampled once every 6-days when using the manual method,
(f) With mass median diameter less than 25-50 m,
(g) With mass median less than 10 m.
Source: National Ambient Air Quality Guideline values stipulated by DAO No. 81 series of 2000.

(2) Baseline Condition

a. Primary data
Baseline condition of ambient air quality was monitored on Sep. 6 and Oct. 13, 2014 at three
stations as follows and shown on Figure 6.1.3:
• AQN-1: Residential area in Barangay Santolan, Pasig City,
• AQN-2: Residential area in Barangay Tañong, Marikina City, and
• AQN-3: Residential area near Marikina Bridge in Barangay Jesus De La Peña, Marikina City.
Monitoring results of ambient air quality are summarized in the table below, indicated that the
concentration of SO2, NO2 and TSP (dust) are complied with the quality standards (NAAQG)
stipulated by DAO No. 81 series of 2000.
Table 6.2.2 Baseline Condition of Ambient Air Quality
Monitored value (µg/Nm3)
Location
SO2 NO2 TSP
AQN-1: Residential area in Barangay Santolan 2.83 <0.01 199
AQN-2: Residential area in Barangay Tañong 0.45 6.3 126
AQN-3: Residential area near Marikina Bridge 1.41 11.3 181
Quality Standards (NAAQG) 180 150 230
Note) 1) Sampling date: Sep. 6, 2014 (AQN-2, AQN-3) and Oct. 13 (AQN-1)
2) Monitored value: Results of 24-hour continuous monitoring.
3) Quality Standards (NAAQG) are representative of the short-term 24-hours average time in µg/Nm3.
Source: Primary data obtained in this survey, 2014

62
b. Secondary data
Table 6.2.3 and 6.2.4 show the monitoring results of ambient air quality during the implementation
of the Project, Phase II and Phase III, respectively, at the monitoring stations shown on Figure 6.1.2.
Based on the monitoring results of Phase II, it is indicated that the NO2 and SO2 are well below the
standard values stipulated by DAO No. 2000-81 while most of monitored values of TSP (Dust)
exceeded the standard value during the construction stage of the Project, Phase II. The main cause
of the air pollution is estimated to be brought about by daily economic activities, including
transportation by vehicles, construction works, re-suspension of soil particles, etc.
Monitoring results along the Lower Marikina River of the Project, Phase III showed that all the
monitored values are well within the standard values, including those of TSP, which is not
consistent with the situation of the Phase II.
Table 6.2.3 Results of Air Quality Monitoring for the Phase II (2009 - 2013)
Apr-
Sta. Quality May Nov-Dec Jun Nov Jun-Jul Dev-Dec May
Parameter May Ave.
No. Standard 2009 2009 2010 2010 2011 2011 2013
2012
SO2 180 - - 111 94 53 110 65 50.9 81
AN-1 NO2 150 - - 83 81 17 61 38 33.6 52
TSP 230 233 256 496 388 337 339 299 267 327
SO2 180 - - 96 89 40 98 62 38.7 71
AN-2 NO2 150 - - 59 77 15 59 35 23.4 45
TSP 230 196 215 316 271 240 207 234 181 233
SO2 180 - - 106 101 47 104 83 64.1 84
AN-3 NO2 150 - - 74 73 19 73 50 45.2 56
TSP 230 438 229 402 376 368 470 462 497 405
SO2 180 - - 112 112 61 134 88 59.6 94
AN-4 NO2 150 - - 81 90 22 89 48 38.8 61
TSP 230 180 308 583 575 484 556 470 301 432
Note)
1) Station: AN-1) Coast guard checking point, AN-2) No. 361 Matienza Street, AN-3) Trabajo-Sultana Street, AN-4)
Ojales Pharmacy - Coronado Street (Refer to Figure 6.1.2).
2) Quality Standard: National Ambient Air Quality Guideline values stipulated by DAO No. 81 series of 2000.
3) Bold figures show non-compliance with the quality standard.
Source: Completion Report, Environmental Monitoring and Management, PMRCIP, Phase II, 2013

Table 6.2.4 Results of Air Quality Monitoring for the Phase III (2014)
Environmental Range
Parameter AN-5 AN-6 AN-7 Average
Standard (min. – max.)
SO2 180 14.2 8.9 15.7 8.9 – 15.7 12.9
NO2 150 13.9 9.6 12.1 9.6 – 13.9 11.9
TSP 230 184.6 135.2 125.5 125.5 – 184.6 148.4
Note)
1) Station: AN-5) Near Rizal High School (near Vargas Bridge), AN-6) At Alfonso-Sandoval Bridge, AN-7)
Downstream of Rosario Bridge (Refer to Figure 6.1.2).
2) Quality Standard: National Ambient Air Quality Guideline Values stipulated by DAO No. 81 series of 2000.
Source: Environmental Management and Monitoring, Baseline Condition, PMRCIP, Phase III, Contract Package 02,
2014.

63
Table 6.2.5 shows the ambient air quality monitoring results obtained by DENR-EMB. The
monitored values of TSP in NCR show inconsistency with the standard values, which is the similar
situation as that obtained by the Project, Phase II described above in terms of the consistency with
the quality standard of TSP.
Table 6.2.5 TSP Level in Metro Manila (Monitoring Results of DENR-EMB)
Stations/ Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
1 Valenzuela 220 169 191 146 156 164 162 121
2 Edsa NPO 169 169 144 125 144 89 152 103
3 [EDSA] East Ave. Q.C. 188 136 105 102 107 90 105 74
4 Ateneo KAT., Q.C. 106 87 80 65 74 62 79 58
5 Mandaluyong 141 130 121 134 125 104 138 136
6 Pasig 116 109 94 92 84 126 ND ND
7 Makati 211 183 153 146 134 145 160 128
8 EDSA, Mrt 236 323 316 257 282 283 294 219
9 Marikina - - - - - 121 125 125
10 Manila, Rizal Ave. 148 150 111 110 138 103 132 101
Average 171 162 146 131 138 129 150 118
Note)
1) TSP National Ambient Air Quality Guideline values for one (1) year averaging time (long term) – 90 µg/NCM,
2) Bold figures show non-compliance with the quality standard.
Source: CY 2011 Accomplishment Report, DENR-EMB

(3) Evaluation of Baseline Condition

Based on the primary and secondary data, baseline condition of ambient air quality along the
Marikina River and its surrounding area is summarized as follows:
• Monitored values (primary data) of SO2, NO2 and TSP (dust) at all the locations are complied
with the quality standards (NAAQG) stipulated by DAO No. 81 series of 2000.
• SO2 and NO2 are complied with the quality standards at all the monitored locations along the
Pasig-Marikina River during the Project, Phase II and III.
• TSP (Dust) is not complied with the quality standard at most of the monitored locations of the
Project, Phase II and III, and the data of DENR-EMB.
In the EIS (1998), no detailed description on ambient air quality was provided with showing the
monitored value. The description in EIS (1998) was such that there was an increasing trend of
suspended particulate matter which was beyond the standard level, and that SO2 had decreasing
trend.
In this survey, it was revealed that all the values of SO2 and NO2 were complied with the quality
standards in both the primary and secondary data. As for TSP (dust), the primary data were
complied with the standard while the secondary ones were not. This is attributed to that the
monitoring stations of primary data are located less urbanized area compared with those of
secondary data.

64
6.2.2 Noise
(1) Environmental Standard
Quality standard of ambient noise is provided by the DENR as shown in Table 6.2.6.
Table 6.2.6 Standards for Noise Level in General Areas
Unit: dBA
Class
Time regime
AA A B C D
0500H (05:00 am) to 0900H (09:00 am) : morning 45 50 60 65 70
0900H (09:00 am) to 1800H (06:00 pm) : daytime 50 55 65 70 75
1800H (06:00 pm) to 1000H (10:00 pm) : evening 45 50 60 65 70
1000H (10:00 pm) to 0500H (05:00 am) : night time 40 45 55 60 65
Note) Class AA: a section of contiguous area which requires quietness, such as areas within 100 meters from school
sites, nursery schools, hospitals and special homes for the aged,
Class A: a section or contiguous area which is primarily used for residential purposes,
Class B: a section or contiguous area which is primarily a commercial area,
Class C: a section primarily zoned or used as light industrial area,
Class D: a section which is primarily reserved, zoned or used as a heavy industrial area.
Source: Memorandum Circular of the National Pollution Control Commission (NPCC), 1980.

(2) Baseline Condition

a. Primary data
Baseline condition of ambient noise level was monitored on Sep. 6 and Oct. 13, 2014 at three
stations as follows and shown on Figure 6.1.3:
• AQN-1: Residential area in Barangay Santolan, Pasig City,
• AQN-2: Residential area in Barangay Tañong, Marikina City, and
• AQN-3: Residential area near Marikina Bridge in Barangay Jesus De La Peña, Marikina City.
Monitoring results of noise level are summarized in the table below, indicated that the noise levels
are not complied with quality standards except for those of Morning and Daytime at the monitoring
station QAN-2.
Table 6.2.7 Baseline Condition of Ambient Noise
Unit Quality Standard
Time Regime AQN-1 AQN-2 AQN-3
(noise level) (Class A)
Morning (05:00 – 09:00) dBA 50 58.5 49.4 62.0
Daytime (09:00 – 18:00) dBA 55 59.6 54.2 63.0
Evening (18:00 – 22:00) dBA 50 60.2 56.8 62.2
Nighttime (22:00 – 05:00) dBA 45 56.7 49.3 61.2
Note) 1) Monitoring date: Sep. 6, 2014 (AQN-2, AN-3) and Oct. 13 (AQN-1)
2) Monitoring locations: AQN-1) Barangay Santolan, AQN-2) Barangay Tañong, AQN-3) Residential area near
Marikina Bridge (Figure 6.1.3).
3) Quality Standard: Memorandum Circular of the National Pollution Control Commission (NPCC), 1980.
4) Class A: A section or contiguous area which is primary used for residential purposes.
Source: Primary data obtained in this survey, 2014

b. Secondary data
Table 6.2.8 and 6.2.9 show the monitoring results of ambient noise level during the implementation
of the Project, Phase II and Phase III, respectively. Monitored locations are the same as those of air
quality monitoring described in the previous section as shown on Figure 6.1.2.
The monitoring results indicate that all the monitored noise levels were not complied with the
quality standard in residential areas along the Pasig River and Lower Marikina River. The main
cause of the noise pollution is estimated to be brought about by daily economic activities, including

65
 transportation by vehicles, barges and ferry boats, daily activities of the people near the monitoring
locations.
Table 6.2.8 Results of Noise Level Monitoring for the Phase II (2009-2013)
Quality
24-Hour Unit May Jun Jun-Jul Apr-May May
Station Standard Ave.
Period (noise level) 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
(Class A)
Morning dBA 50 75.5 61.7 62.2 59.5 57.2 63.2

Coast guard Daytime dBA 55 68.5 65.2 64.0 61.7 58.1 63.5
checking point Evening dBA 50 71.6 65.4 64.3 62.3 62.9 65.3
(AN-1) Nighttime dBA 45 80.5 62.3 60.0 58.7 56.1 63.5
Average 74.0 63.7 62.6 60.6 58.3 63.8
Morning dBA 50 73.6 56.3 55.6 56.7 57.8 60.0

No. 361 Daytime dBA 55 83.7 57.2 58.8 58.3 56.7 62.9
Matienza Street Evening dBA 50 72.5 58.3 57.7 56.2 58.7 60.7
(AN-2) Nighttime dBA 45 70.1 56.3 53.4 48.7 56.0 56.9
Average 75.0 57.0 56.4 55.0 57.3 60.1
Morning dBA 50 72.0 65.1 61.2 63.7 60.1 64.4
Daytime dBA 55 78.4 66.5 62.9 66.3 63.1 67.4
Trabajo-Sultana
Evening dBA 50 66.6 64.5 61.1 62.2 64.3 63.7
Street (AN-3)
Nighttime dBA 45 66.9 60.6 57.5 62.4 57.4 61.0
Average 71.0 64.2 60.7 63.7 61.2 64.2
Morning dBA 50 72.2 67.5 63.1 64.4 59.8 67.6

Ojales Pharmacy Daytime dBA 55 82.2 69.0 67.3 68.7 62.3 69.9
- Coronado Evening dBA 50 74.2 69.5 66.0 66.0 65.6 68.3
Street (AN-4) Nighttime dBA 45 76.9 63.4 61.0 62.6 56.7 67.8
Average 76.4 67.4 64.4 65.4 61.2 65.4
Note)
1) Monitoring locations are shown on Figure 6.1.2.
2) Quality Standard: Memorandum Circular of the National Pollution Control Commission (NPCC), 1980.
3) Class A: a section or contiguous area which is primary used for residential purposes.
Source: Completion Report, Environmental Monitoring and Management, PMRCIP, Phase II, 2013

Table 6.2.9 Result of Noise Level Monitoring for the Phase III (2014)
Unit Quality Standard
Time Regime AN-5 AN-6 AN-7 Ave.
(noise level) (Class A)
Morning (05:00 – 09:00) dBA 50 65.1 52.8 62.4 60.1
Daytime (09:00 – 18:00) dBA 55 66.5 62.9 67.5 65.6
Evening (18:00 – 22:00) dBA 50 66.5 61.7 67.0 65.1
Nighttime (22:00 – 05:00) dBA 45 64.7 50.8 65.5 60.3
Average 65.7 57.1 65.6 62.8
Note)
1) Monitoring locations: AN-5) Near Rizal High School (near Vargas Bridge), AN-6) At Alfonso-Sandoval Bridge, AN-7)
Downstream of Rosario Bridge (Refer to Figure 6.1.2).
2) Quality Standard: Memorandum Circular of the National Pollution Control Commission (NPCC), 1980.
3) Class A: a section or contiguous area which is primary used for residential purposes.
Source: Environmental Management and Monitoring, Baseline Condition, PMRCIP, Phase III, Contract Package 02,
2014

66
(3) Evaluation of Baseline Condition
Based on the primary and secondary data, baseline condition of ambient noise level along the
Marikina River and its surrounding area is summarized as follows:
• Primary data of ambient noise level along the Marikina River stretch of the Project, Phase
IV showed that ambient noise level does not comply with environmental standard in almost
all the time regime in a day.
• Monitoring results during the Project, Phase II and III along the Pasig-Marikina River
stretch also showed the same situation, exceeding the quality standard.
In the EIS (1998), no description of baseline data on ambient noise was provided. Comparison or
trend analysis, therefore, is not always applicable between the EIS (1998) and the updated data.
Most the updated data of both primary and secondary ones in this survey indicated that ambient
noise level is not complied with the standard value. Considering the basic feature of ambient noise,
the updated data is estimated to have increased than 1998 along with the increased economic
activities in recent years.
6.2.3 River Water Quality
(1) Environmental Standard
The Marikina River is classified as Class C Fresh Water bases on DAO No. 08 series of 20162, of
which Water Usage and Classification are listed as below:
1) Fishery Water for the propagation and growth of fish and other aquatic resources,
2) Recreational Water Class II (Boating, etc.),
3) Industrial Water Supply Class I (For manufacturing processes after treatment).
Quality standard of Fresh Water Class C is stipulated as shown in Table 6.2.10.
Table 6.2.10 Water Quality Criteria for Fresh Waters of Class C
Parameter Unit Class C Remarks
Color PCU (c) ( c ) means no abnormal discoloration from natural causes
Allowable temperature rises over the average ambient
Temperature C temperature for each month. Its rise shall be the average of
3
(max. rise in C) maximum daily temperature readings recorded at the site but
Rise
upstream of the mixing zone over a period of one month.
pH (range) 6.5 – 8.5
Dissolved Oxygen % satn 60 Sampling taken between 9:00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m.
(minimum) mg/L 5.0
5-Day 20 C BOD mg/L 7(10) Values enclosed in the parenthesis are maximum values.
Total Suspended Solids mg/L (g) (g) means not more than 30 mg/L increase
Total Dissolved Solids mg/L - No limit specified
Surfactants (MBAS) mg/L 0.5
Oil/Grease
mg/L 2
(Petroleum Ether Extracts)
Applicable only to lakes or reservoirs and similarly impounded
Nitrate as Nitrogen mg/L 10
water.
When applied to lakes or reservoirs, the Phosphate as P
Phosphate as Phosphorus mg/L 0.4 concentration should not exceed an average of 0.05 mg/L nor a
maximum of 0.1 mg/L.
Phenolic Substances as Not present in concentrations to affect fish flavors/taste
mg/L 0.02
Phenols
These values refer to the geometric mean of the most probable
MPN/ number of coliform organism during a 3-month period and that
Total Coliform 5,000
100 ml the limit indicated should not be exceeded in 20% of the samples
taken during the same period.

2The environmental standards for river water quality was the amended from DAO 34 and DAO 35 series of 1990 to
DAO No. 08 series of 2016 effective on June 14, 2016.

67
 Chloride as Cl mg/L 350
Copper mg/L 0.05 Limit is in terms of dissolved copper
Do not apply if natural background is higher in concentration.
Arsenic mg/L 0.05
The latter will prevail and will be used as baseline.
Do not apply if natural background is higher in concentration.
Cadmium mg/L 0.01
The latter will prevail and will be used as baseline.
Do not apply if natural background is higher in concentration.
Chromium (Hexavalent) mg/L 0.05
The latter will prevail and will be used as baseline.
Cyanide mg/L 0.05
Do not apply if natural background is higher in concentration.
Lead mg/L 0.05
The latter will prevail and will be used as baseline.
Do not apply if natural background is higher in concentration.
Total Mercury mg/L 0.002
The latter will prevail and will be used as baseline.
Extremely low concentration and not detectable by existing
Organophosphate mg/L nil
equipment.
Source: DAO No. 34 Series of 1990

(2) Baseline Condition

a. Primary data
Baseline condition of water quality in the Marikina River was monitored on Aug. 29, 2014 at three
stations as follows and shown on Figure 6.1.3:
• WQ-1: Manalo Bridge
• WQ -2: Marcos Bridge, and
• WQ -3: Marikina Bridge.
Monitoring results of river water quality are summarized in the table below, indicated that the
monitored values are complied with quality standards except for DO at WQ-1 and WQ-2, and total
coliform at all locations. Inconsistency of DO with quality standard, i.e., the deficit of dissolved
oxygen indicates the water quality is not appropriate for aquatic biota. As for total coliform,
monitored values are the extremely high comparing with the quality standard, which indicates that
river water contains high number of bacteria/ micro-organisms. Presence of bacteria is common
and is not always harmful, but their presence suggests that pathogenic micro-organisms might also
be present and pose a health risk.
These monitoring results are consistent with secondary data as described below although the
parameters of non-compliance with the quality standards are limited to only DO and total coliform.
Regarding toxic substance such as heavy metals, no contamination was detected, which is
consistent with the secondary data.
Table 6.2.11 Baseline Condition of River Water Quality
Quality
Range
Parameter Unit Standard WQ-1 WQ-2 WQ-3 Ave.
(min.-max.)
(Class C)
pH -- 6.5 - 8.5 7.0 7.1 7.1 7.0 – 7.1 7.1
o
Temperature C Rise 3 20.3 19.4 20.8 19.4 – 20.8 20.2
Color PCU (c) 25 25 40 25 - 40 30
Turbidity NTU - 40 39 29 29 – 40 36
Conductivity µS/cm - 375 372 367 367 – 375 371
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/L 5.0 3.1 3.7 5.8 3.1 – 5.8 4.2
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
mg/L <10 3 5 3 3–5 4.8
(BOD)
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) mg/L - 278 276 262 262 – 278 272
Surfactants (MBAS) mg/L 0.5 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02
Phenols mg/L 0.02 < 0.0006 < 0.0006 < 0.0006 < 0.0006 < 0.0006
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L (g) 32 24 23 23 – 32 26
Oil & Grease mg/L 2 1.7 1.8 1.4 1.4 – 1.8 1.6

68
 Quality
Range
Parameter Unit Standard WQ-1 WQ-2 WQ-3 Ave.
(min.-max.)
(Class C)
Nitrate as Nitrogen (NO3-N) mg/L 10 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 – 0.9 0.8
Phosphate as Phosphorus (PO4-P) mg/L 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.08 0.08 – 0.1 0.1
Salinity as NaCl mg/L 350 14 8.3 13 8.3 – 14 11.8
Total Coliform MPN/ 100 ml 5,000 9.2x105 1.6x106 9.2x105 9.2x105 – 1.6 x106 1.2x106
Hexavalent Chromium (Cr6+) mg/L 0.05 < 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.003 < 0.003
Cyanide (CN) mg/L 0.05 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02
Arsenic (As) mg/L 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01
Cadmium (Cd) mg/L 0.01 < 0.006 < 0.006 < 0.006 < 0.006 < 0.006
Lead (Pb) mg/L 0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
Mercury (T-Hg) mg/L 0.002 < 0.0001 < 0.0001 < 0.0001 < 0.0001 < 0.0001
Note)
1) Sampling date: Aug. 29, 2014.
2) Monitoring locations: QW-1) Manalo Bridge, QW-2) Marcos Bridge, QW-3) Marikina Bridge (Figure 6.1.3).
3) Quality Standard: Class C waters of DAO No. 34 series of 1990
4) (g): Not more than 30 mg/L increase.
5) Bold figures show non-compliance with the quality standard.
Source: Primary data obtained in this survey, 2014

b. Secondary data
There are several major secondary data sets providing river water quality of the Pasig-Marikina
River such as those obtained under PMRCIP and other government organizations (GOs).
Regarding the data sets under PMRCIP, the first one is the data obtained during D/D Study for the
whole PMRCIP conducted in 2001, and the second one is those obtained during construction stage
of the Phase II from 2009 to 2013, and the third one is those obtained during construction stage of
the Phase III which started in 2014. These three data sets cover the river sections listed below:
Table 6.2.12 Source of Secondary Data for River Water Quality
Monitored Pasig Lower Marikina Middle to Upper
No. Data source
year River River Marikina River
Environmental Survey Report, Water Quality and
1 2001 ✓ ✓ ✓
Riverbed Materials, D/D, PMRCIP, Dec. 2001
Completion Report, Environmental Monitoring
2 2009-2013 ✓
and Management, PMRCIP, Phase II, 2013
Environmental Management and Monitoring,
3 2014 ✓
Baseline Condition, PMRCIP, Phase III, 2014

Tables 6.2.13 to 6.2.15 show monitored values of typical parameters of river water quality.
Monitoring results of the three data sets are summarized as below:
Pasig River: Monitoring results indicate that the river water is suffering from organic pollutants
being characterized by high coliform counts, high BOD and TSS, and low DO, most of which
exceeds the quality standards. Coliform counts are extremely high exceeding 105 MPN/100ml. The
level of the water pollution is such that the river water is not adequate for aquatic biota, and for
water use such as washing, bathing, or recreation activities. River water often generates offensive
odor, or obnoxious smell and show high turbidity in terms of aesthetics. Oil and grease occasionally
shows high value exceeding the quality standard, and nutrient salts of Phosphate as Phosphorus
(PO4-P) also showed high concentration exceeding the quality standard in 2001 but decreased in
recent years. The main cause of the water pollution (pollution source) is brought about by direct
drainage of waste water from individual houses and factories located along the river. It is also
observed that the garbage is thrown directly into the river from riparian people.
However, the concentration of toxic substances including Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Hexavalent
Chromium (Cr6+), Cyanide (CN), Lead (Pb), Total Mercury (T-Hg), and Organophosphate in the

69
river water are far below the quality standards at almost all the monitored cases according to the
monitoring results.
Marikina River: Monitoring results indicate the similar situation to that of the Pasig River; the river
is suffering from organic pollutants, which are indicated by high BOD and TSS, low DO and
extremely high coliform counts. Most of monitored values of these parameters exceeded the quality
standards. Oil and grease, Nutrient salts of Nitrate as Nitrogen (NO3-N) and Phosphate as
Phosphorus (PO4-P) also shows similar situation as the Pasig River. All these pollutants are
estimated to attribute to the sewerage from individual households without treatment which is the
same as the Pasig River.
As for the toxic substances the monitored values are all below the detection limits indicating far
below the quality standards at almost all the monitored cases, which is the same situation as the
Pasig River.
Table 6.2.13 Monitoring Results of Water Quality along the Pasig-Marikina River (2001)
Environmenta Dry season Wet season
Parameter Unit l Standard
(Class C) (min. – max.) Average (min. – max.) Average
(1) Pasig River
pH -- 6.5 - 8.5 7..0 – 7.21 7.16 7.17 – 8.25 7.49
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/L 5.0 0.29 – 2.22 1.62 2.29 – 4.59 3.18
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) mg/L <10 ND – 4.7 2.0 2-5 3.3
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L (g) 11 - 127 35 5 - 73 39
Oil & Grease mg/L 2 0.8 – 10.60 5.1 0.4 – 2.0 0.9
Nitrate as Nitrogen (NO3-N) mg/L 10 0.93 – 2.5 1.7 0.3 – 7.5 4.0
Phosphate as Phosphorus (PO4-P) mg/L 0.4 3.0 – 10.11 5.4 0.03 – 1.8 1.1
3 5 4 5
Total Coliform MPN/100 ml 5,000 35x10 - 30x10 66x10 800 - 50x10 13x105
(2) Lower Marikina River
pH -- 6.5 - 8.5 7..0 – 7.41 7.12 7.22 – 7.36 7.31
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/L 5.0 0.27 – 3.37 1.75 1.38 – 2.63 2.17
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) mg/L <10 ND – 3.4 1.3 4-5 4.4
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L (g) 26 - 86 39 10 - 21 14
Oil & Grease mg/L 2 0.8 – 10.9 4.3 0.4 – 1.1 0.6
Nitrate as Nitrogen (NO3-N) mg/L 10 1.1 – 3.0 2.1 1.2 – 6.1 3.5
Phosphate as Phosphorus (PO4-P) mg/L 0.4 4.0 – 9.2 5.7 0.91 – 1.18 1.0
2 5 5 3 4
Total Coliform MPN/100 ml 5,000 30x10 - 16x10 5.2x10 24x10 - 10x10 42x103
(3) Upper Marikina River
pH -- 6.5 - 8.5 7..0 – 7.44 7.23 6.89 – 8.34 7.32
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/L 5.0 0.57 – 5.63 2.56 1.49 – 4.67 2.92
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) mg/L <10 ND – 7.5 2.1 1.0 - 23 9.8
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L (g) 14 - 79 45 8 - 57 26
Oil & Grease mg/L 2 0.6 – 22.0 5.5 0.4 – 2.8 1.2
Nitrate as Nitrogen (NO3-N) mg/L 10 0.4 – 2.8 2.0 0.2 – 18.1 4.5
Phosphate as Phosphorus (PO4-P) mg/L 0.4 <0.001 – 10.83 5.5 0.49 – 5.30 1.6
2 4 4 2 5
Total Coliform MPN/100 ml 5,000 24x10 - 90x10 18x10 50x10 - 70x10 93x104
Note) 1) Environmental standard: Class C waters of DAO No. 34 series of 1990.
2) (g): Not more than 30 mg/L increase.
3) Data of Pasig River consist of those at 9 stations with an interval of 2.0 km from the river mouth to Napindan channel.
4) Data of Lower Marikina River consist of those at 7 stations with an interval of 1.0 km from Napindan channel to Rosario weir.
5) Data of Middle to Upper Marikina River consists of those at 17 stations with an interval of 1.0 to 2.0 km from Rosario weir up
to 26.8 km point from the river mouth.
6) Bold figures show non-compliance with the quality standard.
Source: Environmental Survey Report, Water Quality and Riverbed Materials, D/D Study, PMRCIP, Dec. 2001.

70
 Table 6.2.14 Monitoring Results of Water Quality along the Pasig River (2009-2013)
Environment
Feb. Feb Feb Feb May
Station / Parameter Unit al Standard Min-Max Ave.
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
(Class C)
(1) Jones Bridge Station (WA-1)
pH -- 6.5 - 8.5 7.5 6.9 7.1 7.7 7.7 6.9-7.7 7.4
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/L 5.0 2.1 1.26 1.86 1.44 6.0 1.26-6.0 2.53
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) mg/L <10 12 20 16 4 50 4-50 20.4
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L (g) 88 100 31 104 7 7-104 66
Oil & Grease mg/L 2 <1.0 4.4 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0-4.4 <1.7
Nitrate as Nitrogen (NO3-N) mg/L 10 0.44 <0.01 0.10 0.34 0.01 <0.01-0.44 <0.18
Phosphate as Phosphorus (PO4-P) mg/L 0.4 0.28 0.14 0.39 0.27 0.58 0.14-0.58 0.33
Total Coliform MPN/100 ml 5,000 35x103 23x104 79x105 17x104 35x104 135x103-79x105 17x104
(2) Pandacan-Zamora Bridge Station (WA-2)
pH -- 6.5 - 8.5 6.8 7.5 6.7 7.7 7.6 6.7-7.7 7.3
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/L 5.0 1.8 2.07 1.62 2.10 4.0 1.62-4.0 2.3
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) mg/L <10 7 7 24 4 16 4-24 11.6
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L (g) 76 172 31 106 24 24-172 82
Oil & Grease mg/L 2 1.4 4.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0-4.3 <1.7
Nitrate as Nitrogen (NO3-N) mg/L 10 0.66 <0.01 0.07 0.49 <0.01 <0.01-0.66 <0.25
Phosphate as Phosphorus (PO4-P) mg/L 0.4 0.26 0.12 0.27 0.29 0.92 0.12-0.92 0.37
Total Coliform MPN/100 ml 5,000 54x104 33x104 23x104 11x104 92x104 11x104-92x104 43x104
(3) Lambingan Bridge Station (WA-3)
pH -- 6.5 - 8.5 6.8 7.6 6.7 8.0 7.9 6.7-8.0 7.4
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/L 5.0 3.0 2.16 1.92 2.31 6.0 1.92-6.0 3.1
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) mg/L <10 8 8 24 4 29 4-29 14.6
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L (g) 60 127 28 82 19 19-127 63
Oil & Grease mg/L 2 <1.0 3.3 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 <1.0-3.3 <1.5
Nitrate as Nitrogen (NO3-N) mg/L 10 0.57 <0.01 0.02 0.53 0.19 <0.01-0.57 <0.26
Phosphate as Phosphorus (PO4-P) mg/L 0.4 0.19 0.10 0.21 0.27 1.00 0.10-1.00 0.35
Total Coliform MPN/100 ml 5,000 92x103 23x104 23x104 49x104 54x104 92x103-54x104 32x104
(4) Guadalupe Bridge Station (WA-4)
pH -- 6.5 - 8.5 7.2 8.1 6.6 7.9 7.9 6.6-8.1 7.5
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/L 5.0 2.6 2.69 3.07 2.96 5.0 2.6-5.0 3.3
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) mg/L <10 16 7 14 3 50 3-50 18.0
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L (g) 71 106 30 73 96 30-106 75.2
Oil & Grease mg/L 2 <1.0 2.9 <1.0 <1.0 1.5 <1.0-2.9 <1.5
Nitrate as Nitrogen (NO3-N) mg/L 10 0.15 <0.01 0.08 0.53 <0.01 <0.01-0.53 <0.16
Phosphate as Phosphorus (PO4-P) mg/L 0.4 0.49 0.04 0.17 0.25 1.25 0.04-1.25 0.44
Total Coliform MPN/100 ml 5,000 35x104 11 x 104 49x104 11 x 104 24x104 11x104-49x104 26x104
Note)
1) Environmental standard: Class C waters of DAO No. 34 series of 1990.
2) (g): Not more than 30 mg/L increase.
3) Monitoring locations are shown on Figure 6.1.2.
4) Bold figures show non-compliance with the quality standard.
Source: Completion Report, Environmental Monitoring and Management, PMRCIP, Phase II, 2013

71
Table 6.2.15 Monitoring Results of Water Quality along the Lower Marikina River (2014)
Environmental
Parameter Unit Standard WA-5 WA-6 WA-7 Min-Max Ave.
(Class C)
pH -- 6.5 - 8.5 7.0 6.9 6.9 6.9 -7.0 6.9
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/L 5.0 2.1 2.6 2.9 2.1 - 2.9 2.5
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) mg/L <10 11 15 15 11 - 15 14
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L (g) 38 58 20 20 - 58 39
Oil & Grease mg/L 2 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.9 – 1.1 1.0
Nitrate as Nitrogen (NO3-N) mg/L 10 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 < 0.02 < 0.02
Phosphate as Phosphorus (PO4-P) mg/L 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 – 0.4 0.3
5 4 4 4 5
Total Coliform MPN/ 100 ml 5,000 92x10 24x10 35x10 24x10 - 92x10 33x105
Note)
1) Environmental standard: Class C waters of DAO No. 34 series of 1990.
2) (g): Not more than 30 mg/L increase.
3) Monitoring stations: WA -5: Vargas Bridge, WA-6: Alfonso-Sandoval Bridge, WA-7: Rosario Bridge (Refer to Figure 6.1.2.)
Sampling date: Jul. 9, 2014
4) Bold figures show non-compliance with the quality standard.
Source: Environmental Management and Monitoring, Baseline Condition, PMRCIP, Phase III, Contract Package 02, 2014

Among the secondary data of river water quality of other GOs, the representative one is those
monitored by Pasig River Rehabilitation Commission (PRRC). Table below shows river water
quality from 2009 to 2013 at the Marikina Bridge. The monitored data shows that most of
parameters are not complied with quality standards, which is the same status as that monitored
under the PMRCIP as presented in the previous section. The data, however, showed that the
concentrations of Oil and grease, and nutrient salts (NO3-N and PO4-P) are higher than those
monitored under PMRCIP (Phase II and III) as a whole.

Table 6.2.16 Monitoring Results of River Water Quality at Marikina Bridge by PRRC
Environmenta
Parameter Unit l Standard 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Min-Max Ave.
(Class C)
pH -- 6.5 - 8.5 7.84 7.75 7.23 7.07 7.43 7.07 - 7.84 7.46
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/L 5.0 5.22 3.93 3.04 3.94 3.22 3.04 – 5.22 3.87
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
mg/L <10 14.50 10.29 11.44 7.33 14.92 7.33 – 14.92 11.70
(BOD)
Total Suspended Solids (TSS) mg/L (g) 27.57 132.0 9.25 11.67 13.58 9.25 – 132.0 38.8
Oil & Grease mg/L 2 2.11 1.65 2.19 1.48 1.11 1.11 – 2.19 1.71
Nitrate as Nitrogen (NO3-N) mg/L 10 10.10 2.24 2.16 2.60 2.98 2.16 – 10.10 4.02
Phosphate as Phosphorus
mg/L 0.4 1.14 0.48 7.75 6.20 6.20 0.48 – 7.75 4.35
(PO4-P)
5
MPN/ 3.04x10 -
Total Coliform 5,000 3.04x105 4.03x106 1.12x107 1.30x106 3.63x107 1.06x107
100 ml 3.63x107
Note)
1) Environmental standard: Class C waters of DAO No. 34 series of 1990.
2) (g): Not more than 30 mg/L increase.
3) Bold figures show non-compliance with the quality standard.
Source: Pasig River Unified Monitoring, Pasig River Rehabilitation Commission (PRRC), 2009 - 2013

72
(3) Evaluation of Baseline Condition
Updated water quality of the Marikina River based on the primary and secondary data is
summarized by the following features:
• River water is suffering from organic pollutants being characterized by high BOD and TSS,
and low DO, most of which do not comply with quality standards.
• High concentration of compounds of nutrient salts showed high concentration during D/D
study in 2001, exceeding quality standards but decreased within the standard values in 2012.
• Extremely high coliform counts suggest the pollution of pathogenic bacteria in the river water.
• No contamination by toxic substances such as heavy metals.
Table 6.2.17 shows the comparison of baseline condition of river water quality between EIS (1998)
and recent years, indicating that there is no significant change, meaning the same situation as EIS
(1998).
Table 6.2.17 Evaluation of Updated Baseline Condition
Viewpoints of Baseline condition, Updated baseline condition Comparison /
comparison EIS (1998) by this study Evaluation
Pollution source Liquid and solid domestic Waste water from individual Almost same
wastes, and industrial wastes houses and factories, as well situation
as direct dumping of garbage
Water quality (basic Not complying (exceeding) Exceeding the quality Almost same
parameters such as DO, the quality standards at most standards in most of cases situation
BOD, pH, Total of monitored cases except for except for pH
Coliform) pH
Contamination by toxic Heavy metals were not Toxic substances are not Almost same
substances (heavy detected in suspended in the detected or far below the situation
metals) river water quality standard.

6.2.4 Riverbed Sediment Quality

(1) Environmental Criteria
a. Criteria to evaluate sediment quality
No environmental standards for the degree of contents of toxic substances in the sediment or soil
are stipulated by law or regulation in the Philippines. Instead, sediment quality is evaluated in terms
of contamination risk during dredging of the sediment in the water body, or contamination risk of
surface water or groundwater at the disposal site of the sediment.
Regarding the former risk, i.e., the contamination risk during the dredging of sediment, “Elutriate
Test” is applied for the sediment materials, and the test results are to be evaluated with standard
values provided in DAO No. 93-34 or DAO No.93-35.
As for the latter risk, i.e., the contamination risk of the surface water, groundwater, or soil at the
disposal site, “TCLP Test” is applied for the sediment materials, and the test results are to be
evaluated with the standard values provided in DAO No.13-22: Revised Procedural Manual on
Hazardous Waste DAO No. 04-36.

73
Tables 6.2.18 and 6.2.19 show the standard values for toxic substances stipulated in these
administrative orders.
Table 6.2.18 Quality Standard for Toxic Substances in the River Water
Quality Standard* Quality Standard*
Parameter Unit
(Class C, DAO 90-34) (Class C, DAO 90-35)
Arsenic (As) mg/L 0.05 0.2
Cadmium (Cd) mg/L 0.01 0.05
Lead (Pb) mg/L 0.05 0.3
Total Mercury (T-Hg) mg/L 0.002 0.005
Cyanide (CN-) mg/L 0.05 0.2
Chromium (Hexavalent) (Cr ) 6+
mg/L 0.05 0.1
PCBs mg/L - 0.003
Organophosphate pesticide (OPP) mg/L nil -
Formaldehyde mg/L - 1.0
Note: * Environmental standard: Class C waters of DAO No. 90-34 series and DAO No. 90-35 series of 1990
-: Not stipulated, nil: Extremely low concentration and not detectable by existing equipment

Table 6.2.19 Quality Standard for Toxic Substances on Hazardous Wastes

Quality Standard*
Parameter Unit
(DAO No. 04-36 / DAO No.13-22)
Arsenic (As) mg/L 1
Cadmium (Cd) mg/L 0.3
Lead (Pb) mg/L 1
Total Mercury (T-Hg) mg/L 0.1
Total Chromium (T-Cr) mg/L 5
Note: * Environmental standard: DAO No.2013-22: Revised Procedural Manual on Hazardous Waste
DAO No. 2004-36

b. Description of Elutriate Test and TCLP tests

The Elutriate Test was originally developed by the Engineers of U.S. Army Corps to simulate a
situation that occurs during the dredging work by testing if the target parameters will be leached
out in the process. It is, therefore, often used as an extraction method to predict the potential release
of contaminants from sediment at the point of dredging the riverbed sediments; and at confined
disposal area when the materials touch with water or rain.
The TCLP Test, on the other hand, is as shown in the U.S. EPA Method for Evaluating Solid Waste
(SW-846) - Method 1311. It is an extraction method for chemical analysis that simulates leaching
in a landfill during backfilling / reclamation process of materials (sediments). It aims, therefore, to
determine if the waste to be disposed of is characteristically hazardous or not, or whether these
wastes need further treatment before disposal.
(2) Current Status
a. Primary data
i) Methodology
Baseline condition of riverbed sediment quality in the Marikina River was monitored on Sep. 17,
18 and Oct. 9, 2014 at nine (9) stations as follows and shown on Figure 6.1.3:
• SQ -1: River channel at downstream end of the Phase IV stretch,
• SQ -2: River bank at Barangay Bagumbayan,
• SQ -3: River bank at downstream of Manalo Bridge,

74
 • SQ -4: River bank at downstream of Barangay Santolan,
• SQ -5: River bank at upstream of Barangay Santolan,
• SQ -6: River bank between Marcos and Diosdado Macapagal Bridge,
• SQ -7: River bank at Marikina Riverbanks Mall,
• SQ -8: River bank at Barangay Calumpang,, and
• SQ -9: River channel at downstream of Marikina Bridge.
Riverbed sediment was taken from riverbank (right or left) or the river channel. As for sampling at
the riverbank, sediment samples were taken at the surface of river bank and at 1-m depth and then
mixed them as sediment samples for laboratory analysis. As for sampling at river channel, sediment
samples were taken at the riverbed surface at the center of river channel for laboratory analysis.
ii) Survey Results
Monitoring results of Elutriate Test for riverbed sediment quality are summarized in Table 6.2.20.
Monitoring results present that all the monitored values are below the Method Detection Limit
(MDL) being complied with quality standards. All these results are complied with quality standards
and indicate that the contamination risk during the dredging of riverbed sediment will be minimal.
Table 6.2.20 Baseline Condition of Riverbed Sediment Quality (Elutriate Test)
Total Hexavalent
Location Arsenic Cadmium Lead Cyanide PCBs OPP
Mercury Chromium
SQ -1 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
SQ -2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
SQ -3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
SQ -4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
SQ -5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
SQ -6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
SQ -7 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
SQ -8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
SQ -9 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Method Detection 0.0005 – 0.001 –
0.01 0.006 0.05 0.0001 0.02 0.003
Limits (MDL) 0.001 0.002
Quality Standard
(Class C, DAO 90- 0.05 0.01 0.05 0.002 0.05 0.05 - nil
34)
Quality Standard
(Class C, DAO 90- 0.2 0.05 0.3 0.005 0.2 0.1 0.003 -
35)
Note) Unit: mg/L
1) ND: Not detected (below MDL).
2) Sampling date: Sep. 17, 18 and Oct. 9, 2014.
3) Monitoring locations shown on Figure 6.1.3.
Source: Primary data obtained in this survey, 2014

Monitoring results of TCLP Test for riverbed sediment quality are summarized in Table 6.2.21.
Monitoring results present that all the monitored values are below the Method Detection Limit
(MDL) of the laboratory test except for Arsenic (As) at SQ-5. All these results are complied with
quality standards including Arsenic (As) at SQ-5. The test results indicate that the contamination
risk of the surface water or groundwater at the disposal site will be minimal.

75
 Table 6.2.21 Baseline Condition of Riverbed Sediment Quality (TCLP Test)
Total Total
Arsenic Cadmium Lead
Location Mercury Chromium
(mg/L) (mg/L) (mg/L)
(mg/L) (mg/L)
SQ -1 ND ND ND ND ND
SQ -2 ND ND ND ND ND
SQ -3 ND ND ND ND ND
SQ -4 ND ND ND ND ND
SQ -5 0.003 ND ND ND ND
SQ -6 ND ND ND ND ND
SQ -7 ND ND ND ND ND
SQ -8 ND ND ND ND ND
SQ -9 ND ND ND ND ND
Method Detection Limits (MDL) 0.001 0.006 0.05 0.0001 0.02
Quality Standard
1 0.3 1 0.1 5
(DAO No. 04-36 / No. 13-22)
Note)
1) ND: Not detected (below MDL).
2) Sampling date: Sep. 17, 18 and Oct. 9, 2014.
3) Monitoring locations shown on Figure 6.1.3.
Source: Primary data obtained in this survey, 2014

b. Secondary data
There are two major sets of secondary data on riverbed sediment quality of the Pasig-Marikina
River. One is the data obtained during D/D Study for the whole PMRCIP conducted in 2001, and
the other is those obtained during D/D Study for Phase III in 2012 and its monitoring results during
construction stage from 2014.
Riverbed sediment analysis conducted during D/D Study in 2001 consists of content test and
elutriate test for the sediment samples taken from the river mouth (Pasig River) up to 26.8 km point
(Upper Marikina River).
The results of content tests were evaluated as the following: In the absence of guidelines or
standards in the Philippines relating to contaminated sediment or dredged materials disposal, it is
difficult to make any generalization or judgment to analysis results under Philippine conditions.
However, while the sediment analysis results show that the riverbed sediment of the Pasig-Marikina
River contain some heavy metals, they are not in such excessive quantities as to go beyond the
maximum tolerable limits set by other countries.
The results of elutriate tests, which are summarized in Table 6.2.22, are evaluated as the following:
The concentration of the analyzed toxic substances in the sediment samples from the Pasig-
Marikina River stretches are well within the maximum allowable limit of the DENR DAO No. 90-
35. The very low concentration of the substances indicates that the probability that these toxic
substances may leach out from the sediment and contaminate the river water during dredging or
construction works may be considered minimal or negligible. Hence, it may be considered that the
sediments, when dredged or excavated are safe for use as filling materials unless the river
conditions are changed until the actual dredging / excavation operation.
Table 6.2.22 Results of Elutriate Analysis during D/D Study (2001)
Quality Standard Lower Upper
Pasig River
Parameter Unit (Class C, DAO 90- Marikina River Marikina River
(min. – max.)
35) (min. – max.) (min. – max.)
Alkyl Mercury mg/L NA ND ND --
Total Mercury (T-Hg) mg/L 0.005 nil nil nil
Cadmium (Cd) mg/L 0.05 0.0002 - 0.0025 0.0003 - 0.0022 0.0003 - 0.0026
Lead (Pb) mg/L 0.3 nil - 0.0231 nil - 0.0993 nil - 0.1552
Chromium (Hexavalent) (Cr6+) mg/L 0.1 <0.001 - 0.0223 <0.001 - 0.0033 <0.001 - 0.0090
Copper (Cu) mg/L NA nil - 0.0404 nil - 0.0222 0.0040 - 0.1196

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 Quality Standard Lower Upper
Pasig River
Parameter Unit (Class C, DAO 90- Marikina River Marikina River
(min. – max.)
35) (min. – max.) (min. – max.)
Arsenic (As) mg/L 0.2 nil - 0.0022 nil - 0.0028 nil - 0.0020
Cyanide (CN) mg/L 0.2 nil - 0.028 nil - 0.020 nil - 0.0040
Zinc (Zn) mg/L NA 0.0088 - 0.2575 0.0127 - 0.1814 0.0127 - 0.3904
Organophosphate (OPP) mg/L NA ND ND ND
PCBs mg/L 0.003 ND ND ND
Formaldehyde mg/L 1.0 ND ND ND
Note)
1) Environmental standard: Class C waters of DAO No. 90-35 series of 1990.
2) Data of Pasig River consists of those at 9 stations with an interval of 2.0 km from the river mouth up to Napindan channel.
3) Data of Lower Marikina River consists of those at 7 stations with an interval of 1.0 km from Napindan channel to Rosario weir.
4) Data of Upper Marikina River consists of those at 17 stations with an interval of 1.0 to 2.0 km from Rosario weir up to 26.8 km.
5) ND: Not Detected, NA: Not Applicable, --: Test was not required.
Source: Environmental Survey Report, Water Quality and Riverbed Materials, D/D Study, PMRCIP, Dec. 2001.

The other data sets obtained during D/D Study specified for Phase III river stretch in 2012 and
monitoring during the construction stage in 2014 are shown in Table 6.2.23 and 6.2.24. Both of
which carried out the sediment sampling at 100 m interval along the river. Monitored values of
toxic substances in the riverbed sediment applied with both elutriate and TCLP tests showed that
all the parameters were not detected (ND) or far below the standard values stipulated in Class C
waters of DAO No. 90-34 and 90-35 for elutriate test results, and DAO No. 04-36 and DAO No.13-
22 for TCLP test results. These monitored results were consistent with the analysis results obtained
during D/D Study in 2001.
Based on these results, it is concluded that there will be no probability of toxic substances in the
toxic substances in the riverbed sediment to leach out during the dredging operation or at the site
of filling / disposal site and to contaminate the water of Pasig-Marikina River or the surrounding
areas of filling / disposal site.
Table 6.2.23 Results of Elutriate Test for Project Phase III (2012)
Quality Lower Marikina River
Quality Standard Lower Marikina River
Standard Construction stage,
Parameter Unit (Class C, D/D Study, 2012
(Class C, 2014
DAO 90-34) (min. – max.)
DAO 90-35) (min. – max.)
Arsenic (As) mg/L 0.05 0.2 ND ND
Cadmium (Cd) mg/L 0.01 0.05 ND ND
Lead (Pb) mg/L 0.05 0.3 ND ND
Total Mercury (T-Hg) mg/L 0.002 0.005 ND – 0.0009 ND
st
0.05 0.2 ND – 0.57 (1 test) /
Cyanide (CN-) mg/L ND
ND (re-test)
Chromium (Hexavalent) (Cr6+) mg/L 0.05 0.1 ND ND
PCBs mg/L - 0.003 ND ND
st
Organophosphate pesticide nil - ND – 4.5 (1 test) /
mg/L ND
(OPP) ND (re-test)
Note)
1) Environmental standard: Class C waters of DAO No. 90-34 series and DAO No. 90-35 series of 1990.
2) ND: Not Detected, -: Not stipulated.
Source: Completion Report on Environmental and Social Considerations, The Detailed Design of Pasig-Marikina River
Channel Improvement Project (Phase III). Jan. 2013

77
 Table 6.2.24 Results of TCLP Test for the Project Phase III (2014)
Lower Marikina River Lower Marikina River
Quality Standard
Parameter Unit D/D Study, 2012 Construction stage, 2014
(DAO 2004-36/ 2013-22 )
(min. – max.) (min. – max.)
Arsenic (As) mg/L 1 ND – 0.008 ND – 0.008
Cadmium (Cd) mg/L 0.3 ND ND
Lead (Pb) mg/L 1 ND ND
Total Mercury (T-Hg) mg/L 0.1 ND – 0.0003 ND
Total Chromium (T-Cr) mg/L 5 ND ND
Note)
1) Environmental standard: DAO No.2013-22: Revised Procedural Manual on Hazardous Waste DAO No. 2004-36,
2) ND: Not Detected
Source: Environmental Test Results for Dredged Materials at Lower Marikina River, PMRCIP (Phase III), Construction,
Package 2.

(3) Evaluation of Baseline Condition

Updated riverbed sediment quality of the Marikina River stretches of the Project, Phase IV based
on the primary and secondary data is summarized by the following features:
• Results of elutriate and TCLP tests for toxic substances shows that the concentration of
leachate water were ND (not detected) or far below the standard values.
• These test results indicate that the possibility of the toxic parameters to leach out to the
environment during dredging operation or at disposal site is minimal.
• The test results also indicate the dredged materials are not categorized as hazardous materials
based on DAO No. 04-36/ No. 13-22 and can be utilized as filling material.
Table 6.2.25 shows the comparison of baseline condition of riverbed sediment quality between EIS
(1998) and recent years, indicating that the updated condition is the same situation, or showing that
the riverbed sediment is categorized as non-hazardous based on this study.
Table 6.2.25 Evaluation of Updated Baseline Condition
Viewpoints of Baseline condition, Updated baseline condition Comparison /
comparison EIS (1998) by this study Evaluation
Results of Elutriate test Test results showed the Test results showed the Same situation
concentration of toxic concentration of toxic
substances were ND (not substances were ND (not
detected) or below the detected) or far below the
standard value. standard value.
Results of TCLP test TCLP test was not applied Test results showed the Not available for
in EIS (1998) concentration of toxic comparison but
substances were ND (not updated results
detected) or far below the show that the
standard value. riverbed sediment is
non-hazardous.

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6.2.5 Solid Waste
(1) Legal Basis
Among relevant regulations of solid waste and hazardous waste management in the Philippines,
the following two are the most important ones.
Republic Act No.9003 (2001); Ecological Solid Waste Management Act:
The Act, known as “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000,” seeks to adopt a systematic,
comprehensive and ecological solid waste management program. The implementing rules and
regulations (IRRs) of RA No.9003 were issued in Dec. 2001 as DENR Administrative Order
No.2001-34. It stipulates guidelines and targets for solid waste avoidance and volume reduction
through source reduction and waste minimization measures, including composting, recycling,
reuse, recovery, green charcoal process, and others, before collection, treatment and disposal. The
Act also ensures the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment and disposal of
solid waste.
According to the Act, different levels of local government are responsible for various aspects of
waste management. The barangays are responsible for ensuring segregation at source, collection of
the bio-degradable and recyclable components, and setting up materials-recovery facilities. The
city or municipality takes care of collecting the residual non-biodegradable and hazardous waste,
and its final disposal, except in Metro Manila where disposal is within the mandate of the Metro
Manila Development Authority.
RA No.6969 (1990); Toxic Substances, Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act:
The Act, known as “Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act,” covers the
importation, manufacture, processing, handling, storage, transportation, sale, distribution, use and
disposal of all unregulated chemical substances and mixtures in the Philippines, including the entry,
even in transit, as well as the keeping or storage and disposal of toxic substances, hazardous and
nuclear wastes into the country for whatever purpose. Under the Act, the hazardous waste are
defined as;
1) Substances that are without any safe commercial, industrial, agricultural or economic usage and
are shipped, transported or brought from the country of origin for dumping or disposal into or in
transit through any part of the territory of the Philippines.
2) By-products, side-products, process residues, spent reaction media, contaminated plant or
equipment or other substances from manufacturing operations, and as consumer discards of
manufactured products.
In addition, the criteria of hazardous wastes are provided in DAO No. 2013-22 and DAO No. 2004-
36: Procedural Manual on Hazardous Wastes. DAO No. 2004-36 is a procedural manual on
hazardous wastes of DAO No.92-29, Implementing Rules and Regulations of RA 6969. DAO No.
2013-22 is a revised procedural manual on hazardous wastes of DAO No. 04-36, which provides a
table for the classification of hazardous waste and lays down the requirements for proper hazardous
waste management. The excavated/dredged materials in the river can be evaluated based on these
regulations.
(2) Current Status
a. Collection, Transportation and Disposal System
As described above (Section (1) Legal Basis), LGUs are responsible for collection, transportation
and disposal of solid wastes based on RA No. 9003 (2001). The collection of city/municipal solid
wastes is done in two ways, either by self-administration or through private contractors. According
to the Brown Report 2005-2007, out of the 17 LGUs in Metro Manila, 11 have contracted
collection. The collection service covers between 80%-100% of their respective jurisdiction, with
some barangays and subdivisions having their own collection regimens. The most common form
of collection is through door to door wherein the collection trucks pass through a designated
community route or via curbside collection. As shown in Table 6.2.26, the collection efficiency in

79
NCR is approx. 97%, meaning almost all of the people utilize the garbage collection system
provided by respective LGUs.
Regarding the disposal of solid wastes, LGUs are still operating their open dumpsites, even though
it is prohibited by RA No.9003. According to National Solid Waste Management Commission
(2011), there are 790 were open dump sites, notwithstanding that these are usually located along
river banks which are considered as inappropriate location for a disposal facility and cause pollution
problems of contamination of soil and water. In Metro Manila, however, no open dumpsite is
reported to locate.
b. Garbage Disposal in NCR
Table 6.2.26 shows the household number by usual manner of garbage disposal in 2010. It indicates
that more than 98% of all the households in the three cities of Pasig, Marikina and Quezon are
categorized as “picked up by garbage truck,” meaning almost all households utilize the garbage
disposal system provided by the ULGs. Others are very few percentages. Comparing with the figure
of NCR (96.69%), the ratios of “picked up by garbage truck” are higher in the three cities, meaning
that garbage disposal system well works in the three cities although the deviation is very little. The
second category is “dumping in individual pit (not burned),” indicating that there still throwing the
garbage in the pit set in individual houses.
Table 6.2.26 Households by Usual Manner of Garbage Disposal (2010)
Usual Manner of Garbage Pasig City Marikina City Quezon City NCR
Disposal Number % Number % Number % Number %
Picked up by garbage truck 152,847 98.63 91,181 99.75 626,077 98.70 2,668,519 96.69
Dumping in individual pit
1,606 1.04 171 0.19 4,677 0.74 52,532 1.90
(not burned)
Burning 274 0.18 39 0.04 2,419 0.38 23,506 0.85
Composting 34 0.02 - - 298 0.05 2,304 0.08
Burying 6 0.00 5 0.01 141 0.02 2,812 0.10
Feeding to animals 127 0.08 6 0.01 466 0.07 3,013 0.11
Others 76 0.05 12 0.01 269 0.04 7,149 0.26
Total Households 154,970 100.0 91,414 100.0 634,346 100.0 2,759,829 100.0
Note) Figures are based on 20-percent sample households. Details may not add up to total due to rounding off.
Source: National Statistics Office (NSO), 2010

c. Result of Interview with Local People

Results of perception survey conducted in the course of this environmental survey along the
Marikina River in Oct. 2014 indicate that 97.5% of respondents are using the Solid Waste
Collection and Disposal System made available to them by their distinct LGU. But there are some
people who are directly dumping into nearby open space or the river although they are very few
(1.5%) (Ref. ANNEX-4: Perception Survey).
d. Solid Waste Management Profile by LGU
Pasig City:
Garbage collection is administered by the City Government of Pasig through the private company
IPM Construction and Development Corporation (IPMCDC). The City only provides collecting
trucks to support IPMCDC when needed or requested. IPMCDC is in charge of collecting garbage
from households and business entities, and transportation to their operated Material Recovery
Facilities (MRFs) prior to disposal at a sanitary landfill. Collection and disposal of Industrial waste
is managed by IPMCDC, too. The amount of collection is around 52,000 m3 per month according
to the interview with the city official in charge. Hazardous wastes such as hospital waste are
collected and disposed by another contractor accredited and approved by DENR-CENRO. The
collection was done in daily base.
The garbage is segregated between biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes. Non-
biodegradable waste is further segregated between recyclable and non-recyclable materials. The
IPMCDC operates its own MRF to segregate the collected garbage at household level prior to

80
disposal at landfill. Each barangay additionally operates an MRF to assist in initial garbage
segregation. Private junk shops also serve as function of MRF which provide additional support in
segregation of non-biodegradable waste. The operations of both MRF systems are managed by
Green Heart Savers Program of Pasig City.
Residual waste after segregation is disposed by the contractor (IPMCDC) at the Rodriguez Sanitary
Landfill in Rodriguez, Rizal which is operated by the MMDA. The IPMCDC and Pasig City have
a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with the Municipality of Rodriguez to transport the waste
for disposal to the Rodriguez Sanitary Landfill.
Marikina City:
Garbage collection is administered by the City Government of Marikina through the City
Environmental Management Office (CEMO). All manpower and equipment utilized for the
collection are owned and maintained by the City. The garbage collection is done in the manner of
“door-to door” and in being segregated: biodegradable (twice a week), non-biodegradable (once a
week), used cooking oil (once a month) and kuyagot, or bulky wastes (Sunday, upon requested).
The annual amount of garbage collection in 2013 was 287,764 m3, which has increased from
211,558 m3 in 2003 according to the interview with the city official in charge.
Marikina City, with a policy of “No segregation, No collection,” is among the first to implement a
waste segregation program through Enactment of City Ordinance 046, series of 2002, a local law
which mandates the segregation of biodegradable from the non-biodegradable garbage, and
operation of Materials Recovery Facilities (MRFs), which is the destination for non-biodegradable
wastes for processing, and Transfer Stations, which is the destination for residual and biodegradable
wastes in the city.
Marikina City disposes unprocessed and residual wastes at the Rodriguez Rizal Sanitary Landfill.
The transport and delivery of wastes to the dumpsite is being done through contract. Integrated
Solid Waste International Management Specialists (ISWIMS) is the city waste contractor for the
disposal of waste from MRFs and Transfer Station to the Rodriguez Rizal Sanitary Landfill.
Quezon City:
Garbage collection is administered by the City Government of Quezon through sub-contracting to
the waste hauler to deploy dedicated collection equipment for the separate collection of waste.
Domestic wastes are properly segregated into biodegradable and non-biodegradable prior to
collection from household, commercial, industrial and institutional sources. The collection was
done twice a week for biodegradable wastes, once a week for non-biodegradable wastes, and every
Sunday for bulky wastes. The amount of waste generation in Quezon City is calculated as 2,036
tons per day, which is 0.66 kg per capita per day.
Garbage is segregated between biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste, and non-
biodegradable waste is further segregated between recyclable and non-recyclable materials. City’s
waste composition is such that Biodegradable: 48%, Non-biodegradable: 52%, Recyclable: 39%,
consisting of Plastic: 16%, Paper: 17%, Glass: 3%, Metal: 3%, and Residual: 13%. Material
Recovery Facilities (MRFs) and private junk shops are supporting the segregation and processing
for separating the garbage into recyclable and residual.
Residual wastes are transported and dumped at the Quezon City Sanitary Landfill located in
Barangay Payatas. A new Sanitary Landfill was developed in 2011 and the residual solid wastes
are disposed in the new sanitary landfill.
(2) Evaluation of Updated Baseline Condition
Information on solid wastes including waste collection system, criteria for hazardous wastes, etc.
is not discussed in the EIS (1998). The current status of legal basis, solid waste disposal
performance and issues, and collection systems in the country and relevant LGUs in the Phase IV
area was clarified in this survey and it can be the basis for impact assessment of solid wastes.

81
6.2.6 Land Subsidence
(1) Current Status
Land subsidence is observed mainly attributed to excessive groundwater withdrawal particularly at
the coastal regions surrounding Manila Bay (Rodolfo and Siringan, 2006). These resulted in the
accelerated compaction of underlying sediment materials and consequently, the lowering of
elevation in the affected areas.
A preliminary assessment of land subsidence potential was undertaken between 2003 and 2006 for
Metro Manila and nearby areas (Philippine Science Letters, 2014). Observed subsidence rates were
varied across different locations, according to radar measurements (Philippine Science Letters,
2014). Coastal areas in Metro Manila have recorded a rate of as high as 9 cm/yr., and in Caloocan
City, a subsidence rate of 8 cm/yr. was recorded in 2004 and 2005. The area of the proposed Manila
Bay reclamation project by the Philippine Reclamation Authority (PRA) has recorded a rate of up
to 6 cm/yr.
Figure 6.2.1 presents the areas in Metro Manila and surrounding regions where notable land
subsidence has been observed. Subsidence rate is reported to be highest in the areas of Manila,
Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela and Caloocan, all of which are located in Metro Manila; the cities
of Obando, Marilao, Guiguinto and Malolos, all located in Bulacan Province; and the cities of
Rosario and Kawit in the province of Cavite. All of these affected areas are located along the coast
of Manila Bay.
Other areas with reports of moderate subsidence include the following: Taguig-Pateros, Las Piñas
and Muntinlupa in Metro Manila; Dasmarinas and Cavite City in Cavite Province; and San Pedro-
Binan in Laguna Province.
The area of Project, Phase IV is adjacent to the subsidence-affected area of Taguig-Pateros. It is,
however, classified to have a zero-subsidence potential as it is outside the boundary of the affected
area. There was no sign or report on land subsidence along the Phase IV section of the Middle
Marikina River during field observation.

Project
Phase IV

Source: Lagmay, A (2011) and Eco, et. al., (2013), through Rodolfo, K., Philippine
Science Letters 2014
Figure 6.2.1 Land Subsidence Map of Metro Manila and Nearby Areas

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(2) Evaluation of Updated Baseline Condition
Assessment for land subsidence is not specified as part of requirements of EIS (1998). It was,
however, introduced as part of the Engineering, Geological and Geohazard Assessment Report
(EGGAR) under DAO No. 2000-28. The EGGAR was subsequently required as part of the new
PEISS through DENR Memorandum Circular No. 2007-001. Recent information on land
subsidence presents the absence of its occurrence and low potential in Project, Phase IV area as
described above.
6.2.7 Offensive Odor
In the Philippines, environmental quality guideline, standard or criteria for pollutants/substances or
concentration of offensive odor has yet to be established. Hence, the baseline survey was carried
out focusing on the identification of the sources of and perception on offensive odor along the
Project area.
(1) Current Status
The baseline condition of the generation of offensive odor along the Marikina River was surveyed
through site reconnaissance and observation during field surveys. In addition, gathering of relevant
information on actual generation of offensive odor was performed. The data gathering of baseline
condition are as follows:
• Information gathering on existing offensive odor generating sources along the Marikina River
stretch of Phase IV,
• Observation on odor generation perceived during site reconnaissance along the Marikina River
stretch of Phase IV,
• Observation of odor generation perceived during field surveys, including river water sampling,
aquatic biota sampling and riverbed sediment sampling,
According to the several times of site reconnaissance and field survey, there are sources to generate
offensive odor along the Marikina River stretch of Phase IV, including the following:
• Solid wastes and garbage scattering along the river,
• Small creeks and tributaries of the Marikina River,
• Drains from individual houses and factories at the shore of the Marikina River,
• Marikina River mainstream as a receiver of the above sources of offensive odor.
There are a lot of solid wastes and garbage scattering in and along the Marikina River, some of
which are thrown from nearby residents and the others are drained from upstream area and
accumulated at the river bank of the Project area. These solid wastes and garbage act as source of
offensive odor especially immediately after the heavy rain. Small creeks (estero) and tributaries are
also the source of foul smell because they contain waste water drained from individual houses along
the riverine area without treatment. This situation is also applied with the drains at the river shore
from individual houses and factories. The photos below show such sources of offensive odor. The
Marikina River mainstream also often acts as the source of offensive odor because it receives all
these sources of odor accumulated at the riverbed. The magnitude of offensive odor becomes worse
as it goes to downstream stretch and during the dry season except during the occurrence of “black
turbidity” which cause high level of water pollution immediately after the period of heavy rain.

83
 Solid waste and garbage floating in the Marikina Drains from individual houses and factories at the
River at Rosario weir, shore of the Marikina River

(2) Evaluation of Updated Baseline Condition

The current status of offensive odor is such that there are several sources of the odor perceived
along the Marikina River stretch of Phase IV, including solid waste and garbage, small creeks and
tributaries flowing into the Marikina River, drains from individual houses and factories, and the
Marikina River itself. The offensive odor is perceived worse in the downstream river stretch and
during dry season.
In the EIS (1998), no description of baseline condition on the offensive odor, which, however, does
not always mean that there was no issue or source of offensive odor along the Marikina River. The
status of offensive odor seems not to have changed but to be similar ones between EIS (1998) and
recent years.
6.3 Natural Environment
6.3.1 Meteorology and Climate
(1) Current Status
a. Climate Type
The Philippines is divided into four climatic types, depending on how rainfall is distributed
throughout the year (Refer to Figure 6.3.1).
• Type 1 – Two pronounced seasons, dry from November to April and wet during the rest of the
year.
• Type II – No dry season, with a very pronounced maximum rainfall during the months of
November to December.
• Type III – Seasons not very pronounced, relatively dry from November to April and wet for
the rest of the year.
• Type IV - Rainfall more or less distributed throughout the year.
The western part of Luzon, Palawan, and the Visayas islands have Type I climate, with pronounced
dry and wet seasons. Rainfall in these areas occurs mostly during the southwest monsoon season.
The central areas of Luzon and Visayas islands and Mindanao are classified as Type III climate,
with seasons not very pronounced. According to the map, the watershed of the Pasig-Marikina
River is located in the areas of Type I and partly in the areas of Type III climate.

84
 Source: Philippine Atmospheric, Geographical & Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)
Figure 6.3.1 Climate Map of the Philippines

b. Climate Data
(i) Rainfall
Table 6.3.1 shows the average monthly rainfall (Normal Values) at three (3) stations in Metro
Manila. The driest month, or least rainfall is recorded in Feb. to Mar. while the wettest month, or
most rainfall is recorded in Aug. at the three stations. Annual average rainfall is ranged from 1,767.8
mm at Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA), Pasay City, to 2,574.4 mm at Scientific Garden,
Quezon City. Rainy days records most in Aug. while least in Feb. to Mar. at the three stations.
Table 6.3.1 Monthly Rainfall and Rainy Days at Three Stations (Normal Values)
Station Parameter Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual
Rainfall 17.3 14.2 15.8 23.7 147.2 253.5 420.5 432.4 355.1 234.8 121.7 67.4 2103.6
Port Area
Rainy days 4 3 3 4 10 17 21 21 20 17 12 7 139
Rainfall 18.5 14.6 24.8 40.4 186.7 316.5 493.3 504.2 451.2 296.6 148.8 78.7 2574.4
Scientific Garden
Rainy days 4 3 4 5 12 18 22 23 22 18 14 8 153
Rainfall 6.8 4.2 4.0 16.0 70.4 265.2 316.7 418.4 255.2 283.4 99.0 28.6 1767.8
NAIA
Rainy days 2 1 1 1 6 14 16 19 16 14 8 3 101
Note) Period of data: From 1981 to 2010 (30 years).
Unit: Rainfall; mm, Rainy days: number of days which 0.1 mm of rain is recorded
Source: Philippine Atmospheric, Geographical & Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)

(ii) Temperature
Table 6.3.2 shows the average temperature (Normal Values) at three (3) stations in Metro Manila.
The highest temperature is recorded in Apr. to May while the lowest one is recorded in Jan. Annual
average temperature is ranged from 27.7 oC at Scientific Garden, Quezon City, to 28.4 oC at Port
Area, Manila City.

85
 Table 6.3.2 Average Temperature at Three Stations (Normal Values)
Station Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual
Port Area 26.7 27.4 28.7 30.1 30.0 29.3 28.5 28.3 28.4 28.4 28.0 27.0 28.4
Scientific Garden 25.7 26.0 27.8 29.4 29.7 28.8 29.0 27.8 27.8 27.6 27.1 26.0 27.7
NAIA 26.1 26.7 28.0 29.5 29.7 28.8 28.0 27.7 27.8 27.7 27.4 26.5 27.8
Note) Period of data: From 1981 to 2010 (30 years).
Unit: Temperature; oC
Source: Philippine Atmospheric, Geographical & Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)

(iii) Humidity
Table 6.3.3 shows the average relative humidity (Normal Values) at three (3) stations in Metro
Manila. The highest humidity is recorded from Aug. to Sep. while the lowest humidity is recorded
from Mar. to Apr. Annual average humidity is ranged from 74 % at Port Area, Manila City to 78 %
at Scientific Garden, Quezon City.
Table 6.3.3 Relative Humidity at Three Stations (Normal Values)
Station Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual
Port Area 72 69 67 66 71 76 79 81 80 78 75 74 74
Scientific Garden 76 73 69 67 72 79 83 84 84 83 82 79 78
NAIA 75 72 68 67 72 77 81 83 83 80 78 76 76
Note) Period of data: From 1981 to 2010 (30 years).
Unit: Relative Humidity; %
Source: Philippine Atmospheric, Geographical & Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)

(iv) Wind
Table 6.3.4 shows the wind direction and speed (Normal Values) at three (3) stations in Metro
Manila. The prevailing wind direction of Port Area, Science Garden and Ninoy Aquino
International Airport (NAIA) is South West (SW), North (N) and East (E), respectively. Wind
direction reflects climate of each station: During wet season from Jun. to Sep., prevailing wind
direction is SW or W while it changes to N or E during dry season from Nov. to Apr. Wind speed
of Scientific Garden is lowest ranging from 1 to 2 m/s while it shows relatively high up to 4 m/s at
other two stations.
Table 6.3.4 Prevailing Wind Direction and Speed at Three Stations (Normal Values)
Station Parameter Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual
Direction N E SE SE SW SW SW SW SW SW N N SW
Port Area
Speed 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 2 3
Direction N NE SE SE S SW SW SW SW N N N N
Scientific Garden
Speed 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1
Direction E E E ESE W W W W W E E E E
NAIA
Speed 3 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 3
Note) Period of data: From 1981 to 2010 (30 years).
Unit: Wind speed; m/s
Source: Philippine Atmospheric, Geographical & Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)

c. Climate Change
Climate change is observed at many meteorological stations in the world. In the Philippines,
PAGASA pointed out the increase of annual mean temperature by approx. 0.57oC during the last
59 years. Hot days and warm nights are increasing while cold days and cold nights are decreasing.
Extreme events are also becoming more frequent. These changes are consistent with the global
trends.

86
PAGASA has made a projection on changes of precipitation and temperature by the years 2020 and
2050 for several cities and provinces in the country. The results of projection, focusing on those in
NCR, are shown in the table below.
In 2020 scenario, mean temperature is predicted to rise by 0.9 to 1.1 oC for 2020, and by 1.8 to 2.1
o
C for 2050. As for rainfall, on the other hand, it will increase during JJA and SON, while decrease
in DJF and MAM, meaning that rainfall will increase in wet season and decrease in dry season,
which could cause more extreme climate and water deficit in the future.
Based on PAGASA’s projection, it is very likely that hot temperature will continue to become more
frequent in the future. The number of days with temperature more than 35 oC is expected to increase
in 2020 and further in 2050. Extreme rainfall event with more than 300 mm/day is also predicted
to increase as shown in the table.
Table 6.3.5 Projected Changes of Rainfall and Temperature in Metro Manila
Station Observed baseline Change in 2020 Change in 2050
(1971 – 2000) (2006 -2035) (2036 -2065)
DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON

Mean Temp. (oC) 26.1 28.8 28.0 27.4 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.0 2.0 2.1 1.8 1.9

Rainfall (%) 107.5 198.5 1,170.2 758.7 -12.8 -33.3 8.5 0.0 -17.3 -38.5 21.3 3.7
No. of days w/ Port Area: 299 Port Area: 1,176 Port Area: 2,112
Tmax. >35 oC Science Garden: 1,095 Science Garden: 1,984 Science Garden: 3,126
No. of days w/ Port Area: 12 Port Area: 12 Port Area: 13
Rainfall >300mm Science Garden: 9 Science Garden: 13 Science Garden: 17
Note) DJF: Dec., Jan, and Feb.; MAM: Mar., Apr., and May; JJA: Jun., Jul., and Aug.; SON: Sep., Oct., and Nov.
Source: Philippine Atmospheric, Geographical & Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)
([Link]
projections#Climate Projection for Provinces)

JICA has studied the influence of global climate change, focusing on the maximum daily rainfall.
Table 6.3.6 shows five (5) year averages of maximum daily rainfall based on the result of the JICA
Study. It also shows the projected values for the period from 2045 to 2065. According to the JICA
Study, annual increase of maximum daily rainfall is projected to increase by 0.22 mm / year. This
means that the rainfall intensity is expected to gradually increase in the future, which suggest there
will be severe event of rainfall and high risk of flood.
Table 6.3.6 Five Year Averages of Recorded Maximum Daily Rainfall
Five (5) year averages of
Category Period
maximum daily rainfall (mm/d)
Observed 1971 – 1975 152.3
1976 – 1980 212.5
1981 – 1985 116.3
1986 – 1990 150.1
1991 – 1995 126.6
1996 – 2000 168.7
2001 – 2005 150.4
2006 – 2010 151.8
Projection 2045 – 2050 186.4
2051 – 2055 214.8
2056 – 2060 174.0
2061 – 2066 203.4
Source: Final Report, Pasig-Marikina River Rainfall Analysis, JICA, 2013

87
(2) Evaluation of Updated Baseline Condition
During these 17 years after the preparation of EIS (1998), the annual rainfall is not changed as a
whole, based on the annual rainfall data observed by the meteorological station in NCR. However,
the rainfall intensity in one rain event, especially those with extremely high or maximum daily
rainfall a year has increased supposedly due to the climate change based on the projection by
PAGASA and JICA study.
6.3.2 Pedology, Topography and Geology
(1) Current Status
a. Pedology
The pedology of the Project Phase IV area is represented by four major soil series, namely: the (1)
San Manuel Series, (2) Marikina Series, (3) Burgos Series, and (4) Pinagbuhatan Series, according
to the information from the pedological map of the Bureau of Soils and Water Management (1980).
All four series occur within an alluvial landscape setting. Figure 6.3.2 presents the distribution of
the soil series within Project, Phase IV area. The key features of these series are summarized as
follows:
• The San Manuel Series is represented by San Manuel Clay Loam, present in minor alluvial
plain areas with a slope of 0-2%. These soils are deep, well-drained, and occurring on river
terraces or levees of minor alluvial plains. The upper horizon/layer of this soil is brown, brown
to dark brown, dark yellowish brown, yellowish brown friable to firm clay loam, silty clay
loam, silty clay or silt loam.
This series is represented by two soil mapping units, namely: the (1) SmA (clay loam) and (2)
SmAf1 (slightly flooded clay loam variant). The SmA exists as a strip bordering the east bank
of the Marikina River except at Manggahan area, and at all lowland plains west and north of
the river. The occurrence of SmAf1 is limited at the surrounding area of Rosario Weir.
• The Marikina Series is represented by the Marikina Clay Loam, occurring in minor alluvial
plain areas with 0-2% slope. These soils are deep and poorly drained, occurring on level to
nearly level minor alluvial plains. The upper layer is gray, light gray to gray, greenish gray
clay with strong brown yellowish red, brown to dark brown mottles.
This soil series is represented by three mapping units, namely: the (1) MkA (clay loam), (2)
MkAf1 (slightly flooded clay loam variant), and (3) MkAf2 (moderately flooded clay loam
variant). The MkA is limited at the northeastern part of Manggahan and southeastern part of
Santolan. On the other hand, the MkAf1 is present at the lowlands bordering the eastern
boundary of the San Manuel Series. The MkAf2 is represented at the eastern part of Santolan
and the inner plains south of Calumpang and San Roque.
• The Burgos Series is represented by the Burgos Clay, occurring in alluvial fan terrace areas
bordering some of the escarpments with 0-2% slope. These minor soils develop from
colluvium and normally appear poorly drained. This soil unit is represented by the mapping
unit BgB, and found between the western boundary of San Miguel Series and escarpment
areas.
• The Pinagbuhatan Series is represented by the Pinagbuhatan Clay, occurring in minor alluvial
plains with a slope of 0-2%. These minor soils are developed from alluvium and poorly
drained. In Project, Phase IV area, this soil is represented by mapping unit PgAf1, a slightly
flooded clay loam variant of the series. It is present at the inner section of the land bound by
the Marikina River and Manggahan Floodway.
• The north-south trending escarpment area with slopes of 15% to more than 50% defines the
western boundary of the San Manuel and Burgos Series. It is represented by the mapping unit
Ept.

88
Source: Bureau of Soils and Water Management (BSWM), 1980
Figure 6.3.2 Pedology Map of the Project, Phase IV Area

89
b. Topography
The topography of Project, Phase IV area is expressed into two landform regions, the Marikina
Valley and Diliman Plateau (Figure 6.3.3). The Marikina Valley comprises the north-south oriented
lowland areas traversed by the Marikina River. The entire valley is essentially a wide floodplain
where the Marikina River meanders through the lowland area around the Manggahan Floodway.
The Diliman Plateau, on the other hand, comprises all the rolling hills and low ridges located west
of the Marikina Valley. The boundary of these two land features is defined by the western segment
of the Marikina Valley Fault System (MVFS), marked by sloping terrain (escarpment) and
elevation contrast between the valley and the plateau (Punongbayan, 2003 and Rimando, 2006).
The elevation in the Project, Phase IV area varies from 10-80 meters according to the DPWH Mean
Lower Low Water Level (DPWH-LLWL) standard. Elevation along the Marikina River and lower
floodplains ranges from 10-20 meters. Areas with elevation range of 20-30 meters occur in parts of
Calumpang, San Roque, Santa Elena, Santo Nino, Santolan and Manggahan, as well as the area
between the escarpment region and lower floodplains west of the river. The narrow escarpment
area has an elevation range of 20-40 meters. The Diliman Plateau has a general elevation range of
40-60 meters.
Within the project area, some topographic modification, even though limited area, is observed due
to commercial development along the Marikina and encroachment into the river channel, including
the embankment at Circulo Verde and Olandes Sewerage Treatment Plant.
The slope of the Project, Phase IV area is presented on Figure 6.3.4 and its distribution is
summarized in Table 6.3.7. Level to nearly level slopes (0-2%) exist in the barangays of Santolan,
Manggahan, Santa Elena, San Roque, Calumpang, Santo Niño and Bagumbayan. Areas with 2-5%
slopes include Tañong, Jesus de la Peña and Libis. Barangays with slopes of 5-8% include Rosario,
Barangka, Blue Ridge and Ugong Norte. Gently rolling to rolling slopes (8-15%) exists in the area
of Industrial Valley.
The extensive steep slopes bordering both banks of the Marikina River define the sharp difference
in the elevation between the river channel and the surrounding floodplains and lowlands. The steep
slopes at the western part of the Project, Phase IV area are the escarpments marking the boundary
of the Diliman Plateau and Marikina Valley. This boundary also defines the relative location of the
west segment of the MVFS.
Table 6.3.7 Slope Distribution in Project Phase IV Area
Average Slope Description Barangay
0-2% Level to nearly level Santolan
Manggahan
Santa Elena
San Roque
Calumpang
Santo Niño
Bagumbayan
2-5% Gently sloping to gently Tañong
undulating Jesus de la Peña
Libis
5-8% Undulating to gently rolling Rosario
Barangka
Blue Ridge
Ugong Norte
8-15% Gently rolling to rolling Industrial Valley
Source: Slope analysis in this survey (CTI, 2014)

90
Source : Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) for topographic feature,
Elevation Analysis in this Survey (CTI, 2014).
Figure 6.3.3 Landform and Elevation in the Project Phase IV Area

91
 Source: Slope Analysis in this Survey (CTI, 2014)
Figure 6.3.4 Slope Map of Project Phase IV Area
c. Geology
The Philippine archipelago is situated within the Circum-Pacific Volcanic-Earthquake Belt,
characterized by earthquakes and volcanic activity and defined by key geologic structures across

92
the archipelago (Rangin, 1991). This is marked by the north-northwest trending segment of the
active Philippine Fault Zone (PFZ), with its fault splays traversing across the Sierra Madre
Mountain Range in Luzon, through Samar-Leyte islands and through Mindanao along the Eastern
Mindanao Range. The archipelago is bound by the Manila Trench (MT) and Negros-Panay Trench
to the west, and to the east by East Luzon Trough (ELT) and Philippine Trench. In Luzon, other
active faults include the offshore Lubang Fault about 120 km south of Manila, and the Marikina
Valley Fault System (MVFS), traversing the western and eastern boundaries of the Marikina Valley
(Geotecnica, 2003).
The geology of the Project, Phase IV area is represented by the following geological units, in order
of ascending age: Quaternary Alluvium, Manila Formation, and Guadalupe Formation (Table
6.3.8). Figure 6.3.5 presents the geological map of the Project Phase IV area and adjacent regions
of Metro Manila and Rizal Province.
Table 6.3.8 Geological Units within Project Phase IV Area
Geologic Age Geological Unit Lithology
Holocene Quaternary Alluvium clay, silt and sand
(10,000 years b.p.*) (Marikina Alluvial Plain)
Manila Formation clay, silt, gravelly sand,
tuffaceous silt
Pleistocene Guadalupe Formation (a) Alat Conglomerate
(10,000-1.6 million - conglomerate, sandstone,
years b. p.*) mudstone
(b) Diliman Tuff
- tuff, pyroclastic breccia,
tuffaceous sandstone
Note) b.p.* : before present
Source: Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB), 2010

The Quaternary Alluvium in the Project Phase IV and adjacent areas is represented by the Marikina
Alluvial Plain deposit, consisting of clay, silt and sand material (MGB, 2010). On the other hand,
The Manila Formation refers to the sequence of unconsolidated fluvial, deltaic and marine deposits
overlying the Diliman Tuff. The unconsolidated deposits consist of clay, silt, gravelly sand, and
tuffaceous silt found in the areas of Marikina and Pasig City as well as parts of Rizal.
The Guadalupe Formation refers to the underlying bedrock in most of Metro Manila and adjacent
areas of Bulacan and Rizal Province, consisting of two lithological units, the Diliman Tuff and Alat
Conglomerate (MGB, 2010). The Diliman Tuff is the dominant unit, underlying the areas of Pasig,
Makati and Quezon City, and southern parts of Rizal. It consists of whole sequences of flat-lying,
medium to thin bedded tuff, fine-grained vitric tuffs and welded pyroclastic breccia, with minor
fine-to-medium-grained tuffaceous sandstone. According to previous studies these are most likely
derived from a volcano on the central lobe of Laguna de Bay in the south based on its aerial
distribution pattern and lithological similarity (Wolfe and Self, 1983). The Alat Conglomerate, on
the other hand, underlies parts of northern Quezon City and Bulacan, consisting of a sequence of
conglomerates, sandstones and mudstones.

93
 Project Phase IV

Source: Mines and Geoscience Bureau (MGB), 1983

Figure 6.3.5 Geological Map of Metro Manila and Nearby Areas

d. Geological Hazards
Studies regarding geological hazards within Metro Manila have been conducted by government
agencies such as the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) and the
Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) to provide reference information to the public. The
geological hazards include earthquakes, liquefaction, land subsidence, flooding and landslides.
(i) Earthquake
Metro Manila is susceptible to earthquakes due to the nearby active faults. The location of active
faults and seismicity within the area of Southern Luzon and Metro Manila is presented in Figure
6.3.6. Most of the earthquakes with magnitudes of 4.0 and greater are observed to cluster along the
Lubang Fault and east of the Casiguran Fault. On the other hand, inland earthquakes occur dispersed
at mountain ranges northwest of the Manila Trench.

94
 For Project Phase IV area, the potential seismic sources are the Marikina Valley Fault System
(MVFS), Philippine Fault Zone (PFZ), Lubang Fault, Casiguran Fault, and the Manila Trench
(PHIVOLCS, 2014).
The MVFS is the nearest active fault system to the Project, Phase IV area, consisting of two
northeast-southwest trending structures, the West Marikina Valley Fault (WMVF) and East
Marikina Valley Fault (EMVF) (Remando, et. al., 2004). A rough estimate of possible recurrence
interval for large-magnitude earthquake at least along the northern portion of MVFS is between
200-400 years (Daligdig, et. al., 1997), with high potential to cause earthquakes of magnitude 6-7
(Nelson, et. al., 2000). However, no recent seismic activity has been recorded at the MVFS.
However, in case of a large-magnitude earthquake occurring along any of the MVFS structures, it
may have an impact to the Project, Phase IV and surrounding areas.
The PFZ is a left-lateral strike slip fault and has recorded the highest seismic activity and
historically powerful earthquakes such as the 1990 Luzon (M 7.7, 1990) and Masbate (M 6.2, 2003)
earthquakes. Earthquakes generated from the other active faults (Manila Trench, Lubang and
Casiguran) were similarly recorded with less significant effects to Metro Manila and adjacent areas.

Philippine Fault
Zone (PFZ)
Casiguran
Fault

Marikina Valley
Fault System

Manila
Trench
Project
Phase IV

Lubang
Fault

Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), 2014

Figure 6.3.6 Active Faults and Seismicity in Metro Manila and Southern Luzon

95
(ii) Liquefaction
Liquefaction is a phenomenon wherein soil or ground strength is reduced during an earthquake or
weight loading. It particularly affects water-saturated soils and unconsolidated alluvial sediments.
The map for liquefaction hazard in Metro Manila is presented in Figure 6.3.7. The assessment
identified two general areas with considerable liquefaction potential (MMEIRS, 2004). One of
these is the shoreline area along Manila Bay, and the other is the lowland region of the Marikina
Valley.
Within the Project, Phase IV, all areas east of the Marikina River, as well as the whole of Barangay
Tañong, Jesus de la Peña and the lower half of Barangay Bagumbayan are considered to have
moderate susceptibility to liquefaction. All areas west of the boundary between the Diliman Plateau
and Marikina Valley, however, have low to zero susceptibility (PHIVOLCS, 2010).
(iii) Land Subsidence
According to the preliminary assessment of land subsidence potential undertaken between 2003
and 2006 for Metro Manila and nearby areas (Philippine Science Letters, 2014), the area of the
Project, Phase IV has a zero-land subsidence potential although adjacent Taguig-Pateros is
evaluated as the subsidence-affected area. The details of current status of land subsidence are
discussed in Section 6.2.6 Land Subsidence.

96
 Project Phase IV

Source: Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), 2010

Figure 6.3.7 Liquefaction Hazard Map of Metro Manila and Nearby Areas

97
(iv) Flooding and Landslide
Published flooding and landslide susceptibility maps by MGB (2010) emphasize the flooding risk
at the Marikina Valley where the Project, Phase IV area is located (Figure 6.3.8). Details of flood
disaster records having affected Metro Manila is discussed in Section 6.3.3 Hydrology.
Landslide susceptibility is absent within the Project, Phase IV area since it is largely flat. Low
susceptibility is noted at its west side, which is mainly at the escarpment marking the relative
location of the west segment of the MVFS between Marikina and Quezon City.
Earthquake-induced landslide hazard maps for Metro Manila prepared by PHIVOLCS (2013)
indicates the areas at the boundary of the Diliman Plateau and Marikina Valley as low to moderately
susceptible to such hazard. In the Project, Phase IV, this is located at the escarpment areas at the
western boundary of Libis, Blue Ridge, Industrial Valley and Barangka. These landslide hazard
areas are consistent with those identified by MGB as described above.

LEGEND:

High susceptibility to
landslide

Moderate susceptibility to
landslide

Low susceptibility to
landslide
High susceptibility to
flooding

Low to moderate
susceptibility to flooding

Project Phase IV

Source: Mines and Geoscience Bureau (MGB), 2010

Figure 6.3.8 Flooding and Landslide Hazard Map of Metro Manila and Nearby Areas

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(2) Evaluation of Updated Baseline Condition
Survey results of pedology, topography and geology revealed that the Project, Phase IV area is
represented by four (4) major soil series: San Manuel, Marikina, Burgos and Pinagbuhatan series.
The topography of the project area is composed of two (2) landform regions: Marikina Valley and
Diliman Plateau. The elevation of these landforms is 10 to 30 m along the Marikina River with the
slope of 0 – 5 % at most of the low land area except for the river banks. The project area is
represented by three (3) geological units: Quaternary Alluvium, Manila Formation and Guadalupe
Formation.
Basically there is no change in the status of pedology, topography or geology including the
geological hazards from the EIS (1998), except for limited change in case of development activities
entailing excavation or embankment. Within the project area, topographic modification due to
embankment and encroachment into the river is observed at limited area including embankment at
Circulo Verde commercial development and Olandes Sewerage Treatment Plant.
Assessment for geological hazards is not specified as part of requirements in the EIS (1998). It was,
however, introduced as part of the Engineering, Geological and Geohazard Assessment Report
(EGGAR) under DAO No. 2000-28. The EGGAR was subsequently required in the 2007 Revised
Procedural Manual for DAO No. 2003-30 as part of the new PEISS through DENR Memorandum
Circular No. 2007-001. Based on the survey results, the project area has potential hazards of
earthquake, liquefaction, and flooding.
6.3.3 Hydrology
(1) Current Status
a. Pasig-Marikina River System and Watershed
The Pasig-Marikina River has a catchment area of 635 km2 (the whole catchment area). The river
flows originating from the Sierra Madre mountain range at the highest elevation of approx. 1,380m
in the municipality of Rodriguez (formerly Montalban), Rizal, and flow down to the south through
the Municipality of San Mateo, Rizal and Metro Manila, and finally flows into Manila Bay (Refer
to Figure 6.3.9).
The river has a gentle channel bed slope of 1/46,000 to 1/24,000 along the Pasig River Section.
Riverbed slope increases to 1/4,900 along the Lower Marikina River, and 1/2,800 to 1/1,600 along
the Upper Marikina River.

99
 St. Niño

Source: Final Report, Pasig-Marikina River Rainfall Analysis, JICA, 2013

Figure 6.3.9 Watershed of the Pasig-Marikina River

b. River Discharge
Table 6.3.9 shows the annual average and maximum discharge of the Marikina River at St. Niño
Station (refer to Figure 6.3.9). The annual average discharge during recent 10 years ranges from
40.8 to 175.4 m3/s, while the recorded maximum discharge during the same period also ranges from
438 to 3,511 m3/s in the same period. The highest discharge was recorded during the Tropical Storm
Ondoy in September 2009.
Table 6.3.9 Annual Average and Maximum Discharge at St. Niño Station
Unit: m3/s
Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Ave./Max.
Ave. 40.8 48.0 60.1 49.7 51.8 110.9 80.8 120.9 175.4 112.2 85.1 (Ave.)
Max. 1,906 796 896 1,064 1,012 3,511 438 1,928 2,545 782 3,511 (Max.)
Source: This Study of the Project, Phase IV, 2014

Table 6.3.10 shows the monthly average discharge of the Marikina River at St. Niño Station from
2011 to 2013. River discharge records the minimum in Mar. or May, and then it increases up to
Aug. or Sep. in general. The recorded minimum discharge during recent three years was 6.4 m3/s
in 2011, and recorded maximum one in the same period 542.1 m3/s in 2012.

100
 Table 6.3.10 Monthly Average Discharge at St. Niño Station during Recent Three Years
Unit: m3/s
Month Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.
2011 17.9 16.9 10.8 6.4 42.4 178.8 150.3 210.8 238.1 179.7 155.4 147.4
2012 74.2 47.4 40.6 18.7 12.3 124.6 262.3 542.1 301.1 226.2 144.0 73.2
2013 67.5 63.3 55.3 76.5 65.0 128.6 99.2 99.2 254.0 213.0 - -
Note) -: No available data.
Source: This Study of the Project, Phase IV, 2014

c. Flood Disaster
Lowland areas of the Pasig-Marikina River watershed has high risk of flooding caused by high
water level and overflowing of river banks during heavy rains or typhoons in wet season. High
flood risk areas include the following:
• The alluvial lowland area of Marikina River (Marikina flood plain) with altitude of 5 to 30 m
along the Marikina River, which are bounded by the Sierra Madre mountains to the east down
to Manila Bay. The Project, Phase IV area belongs to this area.
• The low-lying areas along the Pasig River down to Manila Bay with altitude of three (3) meters
at the core of Metro Manila,
• The Laguna Lake Plain which is the marshy land from Rosario Weir through the lowland area
along the Manggahan Floodway to the vast areas around the lake.
Table 6.3.11 summarizes the flooding disasters which caused tremendous damages in NCR during
the recent five (5) years. It indicates that NCR is suffering from flooding disasters every year. The
worst two cases are Tropical Storm Ondoy and Typhoon Pepeng hit in 2009, both of which had
casualties (dead) of more than 460 and affected persons of more than 4 million.
Table 6.3.11 Destructive Typhoons/Storms Hit NCR in Recent Five Years (2009 – 2013)
Disaster Dates Casualties Affected Damaged Houses Cost of Damages
Year
(Dead) (Persons) (Nos.) （PHP）
2009 Typhoon Feria Jun. 23 - 26 17 150,491 1,340 232,073
Tropical Storm Isang Jul. 14 - 18 5 248,057 5 39,531
Typhoon Kiko Aug. 7 27 122,056 443 873,447
Tropical Storm Ondoy Sep. 24 - 27 464 4,901,234 30,082 10,952,198
Typhoon Pepeng Sep. 30 – Oct. 10 465 4,478,284 6,253 27,296,722
Typhoon Santi Oct. 28 – Nov. 1 34 802,155 4,104 704,997
2010 Typhoon Basyang Jul. 12 - 15 102 585,383 73, 286 377,976
Tropical Storm Ester Aug. 7 - 9 2 1045 - -
Typhoon Juan Oct. 16 - 21 31 2,008,984 30,048 12,013,990
Tropical Depression Jun. 14 - 20 2 37,837 8 0
2011
Egay
Tropical Storm Falcon Jun. 21 - 25 12 1,792,376 165 646,852
Tropical Storm Juaning Jul. 25 - 28 77 1,285,906 11,196 4,441,798
Tropical Storm Kabayan Jul. 28 - Aug 5 8 93,888 11 2, 500
Typhoon Mina Aug. 21 - 29 36 411,468 159 2, 089,349
Typhoon Pedring Sep. 24 - 28 85 3,105,355 7,491 15,552,587
Tropical Depression Jul. 28– 31 54 948,696 1,424 728,331
2012
Gener
Tropical Depression Sep. 11 - 15 1 13,033 0 25
Karen
2013 Tropical Storm Maring Aug 17 - 21 32 3,110,218 654 1,394,650
Source: National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council

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Figure 6.3.10 shows the estimated inundation area due to Tropical Storm Ondoy. The inundation
areas are located along the Marikina River until the Laguna Lake, including the Project, Phase IV
area. The maximum depth of inundation was calculated to be more than ten (10) m, having affected
to 4.9 million people, and damaged more than 30,000 houses in total.
(2) Evaluation of Updated Baseline Condition
The Pasig-Marikina river system and hydrological conditions have not been significantly changed
since the preparation of EIS (1998). However, it was pointed out that the rainfall intensity of big
rain events has increased along with the climate change, which was described in Section 6.3.1
Meteorology and Climate. The risk of flood disaster due to a heavy rain, therefore, is supposed to
have increased in recent years. A flood disaster in NCR caused by Tropical Storm Ondoy in
September 2009 is representative one, which had casualties (dead) of more than 460, affected
persons of more than 4 million.

102
Source: Final Report, The Preparatory Study for Pasig-Marikina River Channel Improvement Project (Phase III), 2011
Figure 6.3.10 Inundation Area due to Tropical Storm Ondoy, Sep. 2009

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6.3.4 Terrestrial Flora
(1) Current Status
a. Primary Data
i) Methodology
Baseline condition survey for terrestrial flora was conducted along the Project area, aiming to
describe flora assemblage along the Project area in terms of species richness, abundance,
evenness, diversity and distribution. The survey was conducted on September 30, and October 4
and 5, 2014.
Survey locations: Ocular survey for recording the flora species in and around the project area was
conducted to cover the whole stretch of the Phase IV along the Marikina River. The transect
survey for identifying the flora species in the relatively dense vegetation in detail was conducted
at two (2) locations as shown on Figure 6.1.4.
Survey Method: Ocular survey was carried by walking through the whole stretch of the Project
area along the Marikina River to assess the vegetation community. Common and noteworthy flora
species and composition were noted.
Belt transect method, with a 100-m long and 10-m wide, was applied for sampling of vegetation
for the areas with trees while line transect method, with a 100-m long, was applied to assess
grasses. All flora species were recorded and identified through published taxonomic keys and
filed guides, etc. up to species level or at least genus level.
Calculation of Index:
Biodiversity indices that were used to analyze the collected data are as follows:

Shannon Diversity Index (H) = - Σ (ni/N) ln (ni/N)

Pielou’s Evenness Index (J) = H / ln S

where: ni = the total number of individuals in each species

N = the total number of all individuals
S = total number of species
ii) Survey Result
Vegetation Community: There are three (3) major vegetation communities along the river stretch
of the Phase IV: namely shrub land, urban green spaces (i.e., Marikina River Park) and cultivated
lands. The shrub land is located in a private land along Barangay Manggahan near the Rosario
Weir. The urban green spaces are located along the stretch of the Marikina River from Marikina
Bridge downstream to Barangay Libis, and the cultivated lands are located on the banks of the
Marikina River alongside with the urban green spaces.
Identified Species: There is a total of 54 flora species recorded through ocular survey and belt
transect along the river stretch of Phase IV (refer to ANNEX-3). All of the species were identified
at most to species level except for one alibangbang (Bauhinia sp.) which was only identified to
genus level due to absence of flowers and fruits during the time of survey.
Most of the flora species recorded are introduced (29) followed by native (19), and Philippine
endemic (5). The Philippine endemic species recorded are alagaw (Premna odorata), is-is (Ficus
ulmifolia), Manila palm (Adonidia merrillii), dila-dila (Cynometra cf inaequifolia) and niog-
niogan (Ficus pseudopalma). There was a high number of introduced species recorded along
Phase IV of the Project since a large portion of the river stretch (Marikina River Park) was
deliberately planted by the locals with introduced species and the area is generally located in an
urban setting where source of propagules (e.g. seeds, spores, etc.) are mostly from nearby
introduced species.

104
For the belt transects, the most abundant was the mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) with 46
individuals followed by fire tree (Delonix regia) with 21 individuals, robles (Senna siamea) with
13 individuals and African tulip (Spathodea campanulata) with 13 individuals which are all
introduced species. The other flora species recorded along Phase IV have abundance ranging from
one to nine individuals.

Note) top row (left to right) – Tuai (Bischofia javanica) and Bitaog (Calophyllum inophyllum);
bottom (left to right) – Robles (Senna siamea) and Tangisang-bayawak (Ficus variegata)
Figure 6.3.11 Some Flora Species Recorded along Phase IV Area (1)

Note) top row (left to right) – Mmulberry (Morus alba) and Binuang (Octomeles sumatrana);
bottom (left to right) – Bangkal (Nauclea orientalis) and Is-is (Ficus ulmifolia)
Figure 6.3.12 Some Flora Species Recorded along Phase IV Area (2)
Biodiversity Index: Shannon Diversity Index was calculated as 2.14 and 1.91 for the two belt
transects, indicating low values, which are similar with the overall calculated diversity index
(2.34) for the two belt transects (For Shannon Diversity Index, an index ranging from 2.0 to 2.49
means a low diversity). The low diversity index can be attributed to high abundance of
deliberately planted introduced species compared to other tree species present along Phase IV of

105
the Project. For the Pielou’s Evenness Index, overall calculated evenness index and evenness
index for each of the two belt transects was high ranging from 0.71 to 0.83 (In Pielou’s Evenness
Index, an index of 0.75 to 1.00 means a very high evenness). This is because most of the flora
species recorded along the transects have the abundance range almost similar to each other even
with the presence of several flora species having high abundances.
Threatened Species: There are six (6) threatened species recorded along Phase IV which falls
under threatened categories of the National List of Threatened Philippine Plants and their
Categories and List of Other Wildlife Species (DAO 2007-01), IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species and/or listed in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild
Fauna and Flora (CITES) as listed in Table 6.3.12. Though the introduced species mahogany
(Swietenia macrophylla) was categorized vulnerable under IUCN and listed in the CITES, these
only applies to its home distribution range in the neotropical countries where it is heavily
exploited for commercial timber. It was observed through the survey that among the threatened
species below, only Ficus ulmifolia grows spontaneously under natural condition.
Table 6.3.12 Threatened Flora Species Recorded along the Phase IV Section
Species Name Common name DAO 2007-01 IUCN CITES
Adonidia merrilli Manila palm Endangered Near threatened Not listed
Cynometra cf inaquifolia dila-dila Vulnerable Vulnerable A1d Not listed
Ficus ulmifolia is-is Not included Vulnerable A1cd Not listed
Pterocarpus indicus Narra Critically endangered Vulnerable A1d Not listed
Swietenia macrophylla Mahogany Not included Vulnerable A1cd+2cd Appendix II / NC
Vitex parviflora Molave Endangered Vulnerable A1cd Not listed
Source: Primary data obtained in this survey, 2014

b. Secondary Data
Based on the assessment report of the Pasig River Rehabilitation Commission (PRRC, 2009),
“Biodiversity Assessment of Pasig River and Its Tributaries: Ecosystems Approach (Phase One)
Terminal Report 2009,” for the trees and other vegetation present along the stretch of Pasig River,
there were presence of 118 species which belong to 94 genera and 42 families. Mango, banana
and ipil-ipil were the most dominant in the right embankment from upstream to downstream
direction of the river with species diversity index of 3.43. On the left embankment is dominated
by ipil-ipil, coconut and salisi or Ficus with a species diversity index of 3.22. Table 6.3.13 shows
the summary of dominant species of trees including its diversity index. Although species diversity
may be considered high based on Fernando’s scale of Biodiversity, types of trees present along
the Pasig River are more closely associated with human habitation. Of the species present,
approximately 69% are exotic, 29% are indigenous and only 2% are endemic to the Philippines
according to the report.
Table 6.3.13 Summary of Survey on Terrestrial Flora along the Pasig River
Shannon Dominant Species
Total Total # of Total # of Diversity
Stations Population Families Species (ni/N)/n(ni/N
Common Scientific Family
) name Name Name
Right Embankment 3043 36 94 3.43
1. Napindan to Banana Musa sp.
385 20 42 3.1
Bambang Musaceae
Leucaena
2. Bambang to Hulo 655 26 59 3.11 Ipil-ipil Fabaceae
leucocephala
Salisi Ficus
3. Hulo to Lambingan 803 22 55 3.06
benjamina Moraceae
Niog Cocos
4. Lambingan to PUP 325 22 43 2.85
nucifera Arecaceae
Leucaena
Ipil-ipil Fabaceae
leucocephala
Leucaena
5. PUP to Escolta 875 33 58 2.39 Ipil-ipil Fabaceae
leucocephala

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 Shannon Dominant Species
Total Total # of Total # of Diversity
Stations Population Families Species (ni/N)/n(ni/N
Common Scientific Family
) name Name Name
Left Embankment 3220 34 83 3.22
1. Kalawaan to San Banana Musaceae
780 23 49 2.75
Joaquin Musa sp.
2. San Joaquin to Salago Wikstroemia Thymeliacea
234 23 40 3.09
Guadalupe ovata e
[Link] to Blue palm Brahea Arecaceae
293 44 21 2.79
Valenzuela armata
[Link] to Sta. Banana Musa sp. Musaceae
432 22 43 3.07
Ana
Ipil-ipil Leucaena Fabaceae
5. Sta. Ana to Lawton 1228 29 73 3.35
leucocephala
6. Lawton to Plaza Big-leaf Swietennia Meliaceae
253 22 43 3.13
Mexico mahogany macrophylla
Source: Biodiversity Assessment of Pasig River and Its Tributaries: Ecosystems Approach (Phase One) Terminal
Report (2009), PRRC

The riverbanks serve also as habitat for a few thriving natural plants, the majority of which are
Ficus species (PMRCIP, Phase III Report, 2011). Similar with the terrestrial vegetation found
during the PRRC study, agricultural fruit trees and ornamental plants were observed on both banks
of the Pasig River. Based on the PMRCIP, Phase III Report, among the commonly encountered
plants in the riverbanks are Ficus religiosa (Bo tree), Leucaena leucocephala (ipil-ipil),
Terminalia catappa, Sandoricum koetjape (santol), Swietennia macrophylla (big leaf mahogany),
Cocos nucifera (niog), Ficus septic (hauili), Trema orientalis (anabiong), Ficus balete (balete)
and Gmelina arborea (gmelina). Other species were also recorded but not frequently encountered
include Vitex parviflora (molave), Carica papaya (papaya), Pterocarpus indicus (narra), Premna
odorat (alagau), Chrysophyllum cainito (caimito), Cannax generalis (canna lily) and Macaranga
tanarius (binunga). These plants and trees were either planted for bank enhancement and shade
or occurring naturally through seed dispersal agents as wind, insects and birds. All species of
plants and trees found during the PMRCIP, Phase III study were also found during the PRRC
study except for Cannax generalis and Macaranga tanarius.
(2) Evaluation of Updated Baseline Condition
In EIS (1998) of the Project, there was no survey result or description on terrestrial flora except
for such expression that vegetation along the Pasig-Marikina River is very limited to that observed
in a highly urbanized city. There is no name of flora species or no information on threatened
species in the EIS, either.
As the result of this environmental survey, current status of the terrestrial flora was clarified,
including vegetation, existing flora species, biodiversity and threatened species, all of which can
be a basis for assessment of the potential impacts of the Project, Phase IV on the terrestrial flora.
(3) Estimated Trees to be Cut by the Implementation of Phase IV
Based on the experiences in the implementation of Phase III, trees and plants along the river bank
will be cut and removed to undertake the construction works. Approx. 1,800 trees are estimated
for the cutting, earth-balling and trimming/pruning in the implementation of Phase IV. Before
conduct of tree-cutting activities, (1) trees to be affected by the construction shall be incorporated
in the design of Phase IV, (2) Joint inventory of trees and plants shall be conducted, and (3) Permit
of tree-cutting by DENR shall be acquired.
Further, replacement of seedlings shall be made by a certain ratio to the number of trees to be
cut/removed pursuant to the order of DENR.

107
6.3.5 Terrestrial Fauna
(1) Current Status
a. Primary Data
i) Methodology
Baseline condition survey for terrestrial fauna was conducted along the Project area, aiming to
describe fauna assemblage along the Project area of the Marikina River in terms of species
richness, abundance, evenness, diversity, distribution, population status and habitat association.
The survey was conducted on September 30, and October 4 and 5, 2014.
Survey locations: Survey area of the terrestrial fauna was the river stretch of the Phase IV area
along the Marikina River. Survey locations of the line transect, light trapping and sweep netting
were shown on Figure 6.1.4.
Survey Method: Line transect method was applied for recording the vertebrate fauna species along
the river stretch in the Project area. Observers walked these established routes at a pace of about
250-m/15 min from 0600h to 0900h thereby completing the whole stretch in approximately 2-hrs.
More observation time (five to 10 min.) was given to mixed feeding flocks to ascertain identities
of individual species. For point observation, strategic points or areas along the Marikina River
was established which depends on availability of areas where fauna especially birds tend to flock
or aggregate.
Night-flying arthropods were collected using the Hallux F10/T8 ultraviolet light. These were
installed vertically in the center of four baffles of vertically-framed plastic sheets provided with
a cone-shaped galvanize funnel at the bottom. Light traps were operated for an exposure time of
about four hours (1800h to 0600h ) and set-up within the range of the designated areas.
In addition, sweep netting for foliage-dwelling arthropods was conducted along suitable areas
coinciding with the stretch of the fauna transect. Arthropods were collected following the
conventional double-stroke sweep (DSS) net system. In each of the sampling points, 40 DSS (=80
sweeps) was collected and samples were killed inside bottles containing 95% ethanol.
All fauna individuals observed and/or heard was noted using the following information: species
name and number of individuals. As much as possible, all individuals were identified up to the
species level.
Calculation of Index:
Biodiversity indices that were used to analyze the collected data are as follows:

Shannon Diversity Index (H) = - Σ (ni/N) ln (ni/N)

Pielou’s Evenness Index (J) = H / ln S

where: ni = the total number of individuals in each species

N = the total number of all individuals
S = total number of species
ii) Survey Result
A total of 45 fauna species was recorded along Marikina River which will be covered by Project
areas of Phase IV. It is composed of four (4) amphibians, one (1) reptile, 37 birds and three (3)
mammals (refer to ANNEX-3). The number of recorded fauna species depended on the fauna
species most likely to be active for the prevailing weather conditions during the time of the survey.
Most of the fauna species recorded are common, resident and non-forest associated species which
reflect the types of habitat along Phase IV such as built up areas (residential and industrial),
cultivated lands, urban green spaces and shrub land. The details of the identified species area as
follows:

108
Amphibians and Reptiles: There are five (5) amphibian and reptile species in total recorded
indicating low diversity brought about by the heavily disturbed habitats. It is composed of three
frogs, one toad and one lizard. These are the common sun skink (Eutropis multifasciata), banded
bull frog (Kaloula pulchra), common tree frog (Polypedates leucomystax), puddle frog
(Occidozyga laevis) and marine toad (Rhinella marina). Three out of the five species recorded
are native species (common sun skink, common tree frog and puddle frog) while the other two
species are invasive introduced species (banded bull frog and marine toad). All of the species
recorded are common and abundant in terms of population status.
Birds: A total of 37 bird species were recorded. In terms of bird families, the most represented is
Ardeidae followed by Sylviidae and the other families have one to two species representatives.
The abundance of species representatives for Ardeidae (bitterns, egrets and herons) reflect the
wetland habitat type. In terms of species, the most abundant is the whiskered tern (Chlidonias
hybrida) followed by Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus) and Pacific swallow (Hirundo
tahitica).
Majority of the birds recorded are resident breeders with 22 species followed by migrants with
nine species, migrants with resident populations with three species, Philippine endemic with two
species and Luzon endemic with one species. Most of the birds recorded are associated with non-
forested habitats with 14 species followed by birds associated with non-forest to forest habitats
with 12 species and birds associated with wetlands with 11 species.
In terms of population status, majority of the birds are common under various categories (i.e.
common, fairly common and locally common) with 35 species followed by uncommon with two
species. This means that most of the birds recorded along Phase IV are commonly found along
similar habitats across the country.
Shannon Diversity Index of recorded birds was 2.21 as overall for the whole stretch, and those
for each transect is 2.24 and 1.98, all of which indicate low diversity. It is due to the heavily
disturbed urban setting where majority of the stretch is residential and industrial with just some
few areas of deliberately planted urban green spaces and cultivated lands. The low diversity can
also be attributed to the presence of certain species having very high abundance compared to other
species. In terms of the Pielou’s Evenness Index, the evenness indices are high with 0.60 and 0.67
for the two transects and an overall evenness index of 0.61.

Note) top (left to right) Black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) and Little egret (Egretta garzetta);
bottom (left to right) – Whiskered tern (Chlidonias hybrida) and Intermediate egret (Egretta intermedia)
Figure 6.3.13 Some Fauna Species Observed along Phase IV Area

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Mammals: There are three (3) small mammal species recorded, composed of two (2) rodents and
one (1) shrew. All of which are introduced species namely the Oriental house rat (Rattus
tanezumi), common rat (Rattus norvegicus) and the Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus).
These introduced species are common commensal species relying on readily available food
sources such as along agricultural areas, cultivated lands and nearby residential areas. There are
no medium to large-sized mammals observed along Phase IV due to the urban setting along the
Marikina River.
Arthropods: A total of 87 arthropod taxa composed of 699 individuals were recorded. Of these
arthropods, the most abundantly represented orders are Diptera (32.47%), Coleoptera (24.03%),
and Hemiptera (20.89%). The most abundant taxa are the rove beetles, Paederus sp., which
accounts for 15% of all arthropods collected. Paederus, along with other rove beetles (Family
Staphylinidae) are predatory beetles feeding on other insects like fly maggots. Most of the
collected arthropods are disturbance-tolerant species and are common pests to crops.
Most of the arthropods collected are associated with plant crops such as corn. These would include
pest species such as, the Asiatic Corn Borer (Ostrinia furnaclis, ACB), Corn Planthopper
(Stenocranus pacificus, CPH) and other herbivores. Aquatic insects were also collected on the
area, including predaceous diving beetles (Family Dystiscidae, Hydrophilidae), predatory bugs
(Family Pleidae, Veliidae), a mayfly (Family Ephemeridae) and a damselfly (Family
Coenagrionidae).
Shannon Diversity Index for the sweeping and light trapping method was 3.18 and 2.27,
respectively. Overall index for the sweeping and light trapping method was high with an index of
3.46. High diversity for sweeping is due to the presence and abundance of various flora species
present along the Marikina River.
Threatened Species: None of the recorded fauna species is listed under any threatened
categories of the List of Terrestrial Threatened Species and Their Categories, and the List of Other
Wildlife Species (DAO No. 2004-15), IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and/or the CITES.
b. Secondary Data
Pursuant to DENR Administrative Order (DAO) No. 2004-15, the National List of Threatened
Fauna was prepared with the aim to determine species of wild birds, mammals, and reptiles which
shall be declared as priority concern for protection and conservation. It shall be prohibited to
collect and/or trade any of the species in the list unless in possession of a permit granted by the
DENR. The list includes 146 species composed of 33 species of mammals, 80 species of birds,
18 species of reptiles and 15 species of amphibians.

According to the National List of Threatened Fauna, six (6) species of mammals, four (4) species
of birds, and five (5) species of reptiles are listed in and around Metro Manila as shown in Table
6.3.14. No protected habitat of endangered species is declared within the Phase IV project area.
Table 6.3.14 List of Threatened Fauna in and around Metro Manila Area
Taxonomy Scientific Name Common Name Conservation Distribution area
Status
Macaca fascicularis Philippine Monkey OTS
Throughout the
Cervus mariannus Philippine brown deer VU
Philippines
Pteropus vampyrus Giant flying fox OTS
Mammals Dugong dugon Dugong CR Manila, Taytay
Acerodon jubatus Golden-crowned fruit bat EN Manila, Quezon
Pteropus leucopterus White-winged fruit bat VU Quezon
Ptilinopus marchei Flame-breasted fruit dove VU Quezon
Ptilinopus merrilli Cream-bellied fruit dove VU Quezon
Birds Grus antigone Sarus crane CR Quezon
Sterna bernsteini Chinese crested tern CR Manila Bay (1905)
Hydrosaurus postulatus Philippine sailfin lizard OTS Quezon
Reptile Eretmochelys imbricata Hawksbill turtle CR Quezon
Crocodylus mindorensis Philippine crocodile CR Quezon

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 Varanus olivaceus Gray's monitor lizard VU Quezon, Manila
Varanus salvator. Northern
Malay monitor lizard VU
marmoratus Philippine
Note: Conservation Status: CR (Critically Endangered), EN (Endangered), VU (Vulnerable), OTS(Other Threatened
Species).
Source: 2004 Statistics on Philippines Protected Areas and Wildlife Resources, Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau
(PAWB), DENR

Based on the Biodiversity Assessment of Pasig River and Its Tributaries: Ecosystems Approach
(Phase One) Terminal Report (PRRC, 2009), a total of 39 species of birds belonging to 33
genus and 21 families were recorded. Of these, 54% are resident species, 31%, migratory
species, and only 15% are endemic. The whole stretch of Pasig River particularly the vegetated
areas such as the linear parks and forest gardens is an important urban bird area basically for
roosting and feeding. The species recorded therefore, could be considered as urban adaptable
species.

(2) Evaluation of Updated Baseline Condition

In EIS (1998) of the Project, there was no survey result or description on terrestrial fauna. There
is no name of fauna species inhabiting along the Pasig-Marikina River or no information on
threatened species in the EIS, either.
As the result of this environmental survey, current status of the terrestrial fauna was clarified,
including observed fauna species, biodiversity and no threatened species identified, all of which
can be a basis for assessment of the potential impacts of the Project, Phase IV on terrestrial fauna.
6.3.6 Aquatic Biota
(1) Current Status
a. Primary Data
i) Methodology
Survey on aquatic biota in the river stretch of the Marikina River was conducted on Sep. 5, 2014
at the Marikina Bridge (refer to Figure 6.1.4). The sampling was done aiming to collect and
identify phytoplankton, zooplankton, macro-benthos (macro-invertebrate), nekton (fish) and
macro-phytes (aquatic plant).
Phytoplankton and Zooplankton: Plankton net was used to collect water samples from the surface
water while the boat is moving. Phytoplankton samples were preserved with Lugol’s solution,
while samples of zooplankton were fixed with 10% formalin immediately after collection. For
plankton samples, a 1-mL aliquot subsample was placed in a Sedgewick-Rafter cell counter and
was examined under photomicroscope for counting and photo documentation. Phytoplankton
were counted and identified to the lowest taxonomic level (genera) possible using standard
taxonomic guide. Zooplankton was identified to major groups using available references.
Macro-benthos: Sediment samples were obtained in the river channel using an improvised Ekman
grab. The collected sediment was sieved in-situ through a 1-mm mesh size sieve plate and
collected and put in a screwed plastic jar with 70% ethyl alcohol. Samples were washed in the
laboratory with tap water to get rid of excess preservative. A stereo zoom microscope was used
to sort and identify the benthos specimens. Identified organisms were placed in vials containing
70% alcohol and classified.
Nekton: Free swimming fish in the river was collected using a conventional gillnet, being placed
carefully into the water and set for a minimum of 30 minutes before harvest. Caught fish was
carefully removed from the net and properly documented for identification.
Marco-phytes: Modified transect method was used for surveying the large aquatic plants along
the Marikina River. Using a motorized boat, all aquatic plants encountered were recorded and
identified up to genus level.

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ii) Survey Result
Phytoplankton: Table 6.3.15 lists the identified phytoplankton species in the Marikina River.
There were fifteen (15) species classified under two phytoplankton groups, Bacillariophyceae and
Chlorophyceae. Among the identified species, Navicula sp. and Nitzschia sp. are the two species
of diatoms with the highest species abundance with 24% and 12% respectively. Navicula and
Nitzschia are the species of diatoms that holds a very high pollution factor based on Palmer’s
scoring (Palmer, 1969). These diatoms are pollution tolerant species heavily dwelling in an
environment with high organic deposits.

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 Table 6.3.15 Identified Phytoplankton Species in the Marikina River
Middle Marikina River
Group/Species Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Dominance
Mean
Count Cells/ml Count Cells/ml Count Cells/ml (%)
Barcillariophaceae
Cocconeis sp. 1 3 2 7 0 0 3 3
Cymatopleura sp. 2 7 2 7 1 3 6 5
Diatoma asp. 1 3 1 3 1 3 3 3
Ellerbeckia sp. 2 7 3 10 2 7 8 7
Flagellaria sp. 2 7 2 7 2 7 7 6
Melosira sp. 1 3 4 13 3 10 9 8
Navicula sp. 8 27 10 33 7 23 28 24
Nitzschia sp. 2 7 4 13 6 20 13 12
Peronia sp. 1 3 1 3 1 3 3 3
Pinnularia sp. 1 3 1 3 0 0 2 2
Stauroneis sp. 3 10 3 10 2 7 9 8
Synedra sp. 2 7 2 7 2 7 7 6
Cyclotella sp. 2 7 2 7 2 7 7 6
Gomphonema sp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chlorophyceae
Pandorina sp. 3 10 3 10 4 13 11 10
Total 116 100
Source: Primary data obtained in this survey, 2014

Zooplankton: There were only four (4) zooplankton species under Phylum Arthropoda and
Protozoa identified in the survey as listed in the table below. Among the identified species,
Didinium sp., categorized as Protozoan, has the highest species density of 37 individuals per ml
of water followed by another protozoan Paramecium sp. with a density of 13/ml. Didinium and
Paramecium dwell heavily in an aquatic environment with high levels of decomposing organic
matter, supporting the high level of organic pollution status of the Marikina River. Arthropod
species Bosmina sp. on the other hand has a mean abundance of 4 cells/ml or 8% dominance and
Cyclop sp. has the least density 2%.
Table 6.3.16 Identified Zooplankton Species in the Marikina River
Zooplankton in Middle Marikina River
Species Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Dominance
Mean
Count Cells/ml Count Cells/ml Count Cells/ml (%)
Arthropoda
Bosmina sp. 2 7 1 3 1 3 4 8
Cyclop sp. 1 3 0 0 0 0 1 2
Protozoan
Didinium sp. 10 33 15 50 8 27 37 66
Paramecium sp. 5 17 5 17 2 7 13 24
Total 56 100
Source: Primary data obtained in this survey, 2014

Macro-benthos: Benthic organisms collected from the bottom soil in the Marikina River are
limited only to Oligochaetes or marine worms. These worms are dependent on the organic
deposits. The absence of other benthic organisms like shellfish and bottom dweller arthropods
indicates poor water quality of the river.
Nekton: The only fish species observed during the sampling activity was the Janitor fish or
Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus, a pollution tolerant fish. Janitor fish is under the catfish family that
is considered as an invasive and exotic species introduced in the Philippines. It was since 1990
that the Pasig River including the Marikina River was reported to have been infested with Janitor
fish that became a threat to other local fish like Ayungin (Leiopotherapon plumbeus), Biya
(Gobius criniger) and Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
Marco-phytes: Water spinach or commonly known as kangkong (Ipomea aquatica) was the only
species of aquatic plants observed along the Marikina Bridge during the survey. This water

113
spinach was cultured by river side dwellers using floaters for propagation to be sold in the nearest
community market.
Threatened Species: Among the identified species of aquatic biota, there is no species listed under
any threatened categories of the List of Terrestrial Threatened Species and Their Categories, and
the List of Other Wildlife Species (DAO No. 2004-15), IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
and/or the CITES.
b. Secondary Data
Secondary data on aquatic biota consists of those obtained during the implementation of Phase II
and III of the Project. In addition, the data described in existing reports, studies, such as EIS of
other project, and literatures also provide some information.
i) Monitoring results during the Project, Phase II
Table 6.3.17 shows the monitoring results (number of identified species) of aquatic biota during
the implementation of the Project Phase II in Pasig River from 2008 to 2013. Monitored locations
are shown on Figure 6.1.2.
Table 6.3.17 Result of Aquatic Biota Monitoring in the Pasig River (Phase II)
Sep. 2008 Oct. 2010 Jun. 2013
Station*
(pre-construction) (during construction) (post construction)
Phytoplankton 3 phylum, 14 species 3 phylum, 17 species 5 phylum, 21 species
Zooplankton 3 phylum, 6 species 4 phylum, 11species 1 phylum, 5 species
Macrobenthos 3 phylum, 6 species 4 phylum, 11species 1 phylum, 5 species
Nekton (Fish) 1 phylum, 1 species 1 phylum, 4 species 1 phylum, 1 species
Macrophytes 1 phylum, 4 species 1 phylum, 3 species 1 phylum, 1 species
Source: Completion Report, Environmental Monitoring and Management, PMRCIP, Phase II, 2013

Phytoplankton: The phytoplanktons were represented by 14 to 21 species classified under three

to five main groups, which include Cyanophyta or blue-green algae, Chlorophyta or green algae
and Bacillariophyta or diatoms.
Zooplankton: Species of zooplanktons collected from Pasig River were generally classified into
two (2) phyla: Rotifera and Arthropoda. Among the species identified, the Tropodiaptomus sp.
and Thermocyclops sp. have the densest population of zooplanktons in the water of Pasig River.
Macrobenthos: Macrobenthos acts as biological indicators of the present condition of a water
system for they are being affected by the changes that may occur in their habitat. Identifies species
include snails, bivalves, insect, shrimp and worm.
Nektons (Fish): Janitor fish, or armored catfish species in the Philippines are reported as
Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus is dominant in the river. Other fishes inhabiting in the Pasig River
include Kinife fish (Chitala ornata), Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), Kanduli (Arius manilensis),
and jack fish (Caranx sp.).
Macrophytes (Aquatic Flora): The Pasig River was overgrown by Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia
crassipes) suspected to be coming from the tributaries of Marikina River and Laguna de Bay.
Other plants growing along the river but are rarely seen are Kangkong (Ipomea aquatic) and
Quiapo (Pistia sp.)
ii) Monitoring results during the Project, Phase III
Recent monitoring results of aquatic biota during the implementation of the Project Phase III in
Pasig-Marikina River in Dec. 2013 are shown in the following sections.
Phytoplankton: Table 6.3.18 shows the monitoring result of phytoplankton in the Pasig-Marikina
River. Among the observed species, it was revealed that Microcystis sp. And Ulothrix sp.
significantly dominated, indicating the nutrient-rich and oxygen-poor conditions in the river.

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 Table 6.3.18 Monitoring Result of Phytoplankton in Dec. 2013 (Phase III)
Phylum Species Pasig River Lower Marikina River
Cyanobacteria Pediastrum sp. ✓
Anabaena sp. ✓
Microcystis sp ✓ ✓
Gomphosphaeria sp. ✓ ✓
Anacystis sp. ✓
Lyngbya sp. ✓ ✓
Cholorophaceae Microspora sp. ✓
Ulothris sp. ✓ ✓
Cladophora sp. ✓
Spirogyra sp. ✓
Pyrobotrys sp. ✓
Euglena ✓ ✓
Bacillarophaceae Melosira ✓
Navicula sp. ✓ ✓
Nitszchia sp. ✓ ✓
Total 3 phylum, 14 species 3 phylum, 8 species
Source: Baseline Condition Report, Environmental Management and Monitoring, PMRCIP, Phase III (2014)

Zooplankton: Table 6.3.19 shows the monitoring result of zooplankton in the Pasig-Marikina
River. Among the observed species, it was revealed that Bosmina longinostris significantly
dominated followed by Cyclop stemuus.
Table 6.3.19 Monitoring Result of Zooplankton in Dec. 2013 (Phase III)
Phylum Species Pasig River Lower Marikina River
Arthropoda Asellus sp. ✓ ✓
Bosmina longinostris ✓
Cyclop stemuus ✓
Pseudodiaptomus sp. ✓
Acartia sp. ✓
Mesocyclops sp. ✓
Thermocyclops sp. ✓
Total 1 phylum, 7 species 1 phylum, 1 species
Source: Baseline Condition Report, Environmental Management and Monitoring, PMRCIP, Phase III (2014)

Macrobenthos: Table 6.3.20 shows the monitoring result of macrobenthos in the Pasig-Marikina
River. The most of observed species are pollution tolerant species and accordingly indicates that
river water quality of the Pasig-Marikina River is very poor.
Table 6.3.20 Monitoring Result of Macrobenthos in Dec. 2013 (Phase III)
Species Pasig River Lower Marikina River
Pomacea canaliculata ✓ ✓
Physella sp. ✓
Thiara scabra ✓
Corbicula manilensis ✓
Pea clam ✓
Planorbarius sp. ✓
Leech ✓
Freshwater shrimp ✓
Damselfly nymph ✓
Stratiomyiid larvae ✓
Total 8 species 3 species
Source: Baseline Condition Report, Environmental Management and Monitoring,
PMRCIP, Phase III (2014)

115
Nekton (Fish): The identified species of nekton (fish) was only Janitor fish (Pterygoplichthys
disjunctivus) during the survey. There are other several fishes supposedly inhabiting and often
caught in the river including Knife fish (Chitala ornate), Biya (Glossogobius giuris), Kanduli
(Arius manilensis) as shown in the figure below:

Top-Left: Knife fish (Chitala ornate), Top-Right: Biya (Glossogobius giuris),

Bottom-Left: Janitor fish (Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus), and Bottom-Right: Kanduli (Arius manilensis)
Figure 6.3.14 Fish Species Caught in Pasig-Marikina River (Dec. 2013)
Macrophytes (Aquatic Flora): The identified species of macrophytes (aquatic plants) were two:
Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and Kangkong (Ipomea aquatic), both of which are the
most common and widely observed in the Pasig-Marikina River and their tributaries.
EIS for Manila Third Sewerage Project (Feb. 2005) carried out the survey on aquatic biota. It
indicates that Janitor fish is a common and abundant aquatic life found in all parts of the Marikina
River. Fish species in the river include Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.), Bighead carp (Aristichthys
nobilis), Goby or biya (Glossogobius guirus), Snakehead or dalag (Ophicephalus striatus), Native
catfish or hito (Arias macrocephalus) and Gourami or gurami (Trichogaster sp.). As to
macrophytes, Kangkong is grown on both banks of the Marikina River and kangkong harvest is
sold in public markets all over Metro Manila.
There is description that the Janitor fish, or armored catfish species in the Philippines are reported
as Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus and P. pardalis by Philippine Council for Aquatic and Marine
Research and Development (PCAMRD). It was introduced in 1970 – 1979 as an ornamental
species, according to Journal of Environmental Science and Management (Vol. 10, No.1, 2007).
(2) Evaluation of Updated Baseline Conditions
In the EIS (1998), enough discussion on aquatic biota in the Pasig-Marikina River was not
provided with applying the inventory survey. It pointed out the ecologically poor condition of the
river in the highly urbanized region, which prevents the migration of fish into Laguna de Bay
through the Pasig River.
In this survey, detailed inventory surveys clarified inhabiting species of phytoplankton,
zooplankton, macrobenthos, nekton and macrophytes. Identified species are the environmental
indicators of the habitat, namely the Marikina River, and they suggest that the poor water quality
and low diversity in the Marikina River. This river environment becomes a constraint for the
many species of aquatic organisms to inhabit in the Pasig-Marikina River. In attrition, none of the

116
species are recorded in this survey under any of threatened categories of the List of Terrestrial
Threatened Species and Their Categories, and the List of Other Wildlife Species (DAO 2004-15),
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and/or the CITES.
6.3.7 Protected Areas and Environmentally Critical Areas
(1) Current Status
a. Protected Area
Protected areas in the Philippines are established by Republic Act No, 7586 (1992), titled the
National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act. It prescribes the following eight (8)
categories of protected areas: (1) strict nature reserve, (2) natural park, (3) natural monument, (4)
wildlife sanctuary, (5) protected landscapes and seascapes, (6) resource reserve, (7) natural biotic
areas and (8) other categories established by law, conventions or international agreements which
the Philippine Government is a signatory.
Protected areas located relatively near the Project, Phase IV include the following:
1) Quezon Memorial;
2) Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center;
3) Upper Marikina River Basin Protected Landscape; and
4) Pamitinan Protected Landscape.
The status of these four is as follows: Quezon Memorial is a registered national park; Ninoy
Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center is a national park under proclamation; both Upper Marikina
River Basin Protected Landscape and Pamitinan Protected Landscape are a protected landscape
under proclamation. The details of these protected areas are as follows:
Quezon Memorial: The Quezon Memorial Circle is a registered national park and a national shrine
located in Quezon City. The park is located inside a large traffic circle in the shape of an ellipse
and bounded by the Elliptical Road. It is located in the city center of Quezon and thee distance
from the Project area is approx. 4 km.
Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center: The Ninoy Aquino Parks & Wildlife Center is a 22.7ha
(List of Protected areas, 2012) zoological and botanical garden, under proclamation, located in
Diliman, Quezon City. It is located side by side in the city center of Quezon. The distance from
the Project area is approx. 4 km.
Upper Marikina River Basin Protected Landscape: Upper Marikina River Basin Protected
Landscape, with the area of 26,125.64 ha (List of Protected Area, 2012), is located
administratively in Antipolo City and municipalities of Baras, Rodriguez (Montalban), San Mateo
and Tanay, Rizal. It is situated in upstream areas of the Project area with a distance of approx..
15 km (refer to Figure 6.3.15).
Pamitinan Protected Landscape: Pamitinan Protected Landscape, proclaimed as a protected area
through Presidential Proclamation No. 901 dated 10 December 1996, with the total area of 600
hectares which is located in upstream area of the Marikina River basin at approx. 16 km away
from the Project area (refer to Figure 6.3.15).
As for designated areas under international treaties, there are four (4) sites in the Philippines
designated by The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar, Iran, 1971),
otherwise known as the Ramsar Convention is an intergovernmental treaty. But none of them are
located in NCR or surrounding regions. Regarding other important areas for biodiversity, there
are several areas nominated as Important Bird Areas (IBAs) by Bird Life International, such as
Candaba Swamp (located in Pampanga), Angat Watershed (Bulacan), Mount Irid – Mount Angilo
(provinces of Bulacan, Quezon and Rizal), and bird area of Manila Bay (Cavite). All of which are
located more than 20 km distant from the Project area.

117
Figure 6.3.15 Location Map of Protected Areas near Phase IV Area

118
b. Environmentally Critical Area
The Project, Phase IV area is classified as an Environmentally Critical Area (ECA) defined under
Presidential Proclamation (PP) No. 2146 (1981). As an ECA, the Project, Phase IV area is
categorized as:
 Category 6; Areas frequently visited and or hard-hit by natural calamities (geologic hazards,
floods, typhoons, volcanic activity, etc., and
 Category 10; All natural water bodies (e.g., rivers, lake, bay) that have been classified or not.
(2) Evaluation of Updated Baseline Condition
Project Phase IV area is located out of the Protected Areas designated by NIPAS Act (1992).
There are four (4) Protected Areas located around the Project Area. The nearest protected areas is
located in the center of Quezon City, but these are city parks and no direct relation with the Project
in terms of environmental impact. Meanwhile, the Project area is categorized as the
Environmentally Critical Area (ECA), specifically Category F: Areas frequently visited and or
hard-hit by natural calamities.
Information on the protected area or Environmentally Critical Areas (ECAs) was not included in
the EIS (1998). The current status of the Project Phase IV area has been clarified based on the
results of this study and it can be the basis for impact assessment of natural environment.
6.4 Socio-economic Environment
6.4.1 Administrative Boundary
Table 6.4.1 lists LGUs binding the stretch of the Marikina River of the Project Phase IV.
Administrative boundary for the Phase IV is shown in Figure 6.4.1.
Table 6.4.1 LGUs Covering the Project Phase IV Area
City/Municipality Barangay
Rosario
Pasig City Mangahan
Santolan
Ugong Norte
Bagumbayan
Quezon City
Libis
Blue Ridge B
Industrial Valley
Barangka
Tañong
Jesus De La Peña
Marikina City Calumpang
San Roque
Santa Elena (Pob.)
Santo Niño
3 cities 15 barangays
Source: National Statistics Office (NSO)

6.4.2 Demography
Table 6.4.2 lists the population of the whole nation, NCR and the three cities where the Project,
Phase IV is located. It is revealed based on the table that average annual growth rate ranges 0.81
to 2.86 % among the three cities. The annual growth rate of Pasig City is the largest and that of
Marikina City is the least. On the contrary, however, the population density of the three cities
shows that Marikina City has the largest one and the Pasig City has the least one. Sex ratio of the
three cities is the same, or 95 %, meaning the number of female outnumbers in these cities,
although that of the whole nation is 102, meaning vice versa.

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 Table 6.4.2 Population for the Philippines, NCR and Cities in the Phase IV Area
Population density
Population
(nos./km2)
Area Sex Ratio*
Average Annual
2000 2010 in 2010 2000 2010
Growth Rate (%)
(%)
Philippines 76,506,928 92,337,852 1.90 102 255 308
NCR 9,932,560 11,855,975 1.78 96 16,032 19,137
Pasig City 505,058 669,773 2.86 95 10,422 13,821
Quezon City 2,173,831 2,761,720 2.42 95 12,660 16,084
Marikina City 391,170 424,150 0.81 95 18,177 19,710
Note) *: Sex ratio is the number of males per 100 females in a given population.
Source: National Statistics Office (NSO)

Table 6.4.3 lists the household data, ratio of senior citizen and dependency ratio. It is revealed
that the average household size decreased during these 10 years from 2000 to 2010, ranging from
4.3 to 4.6 in 2010. Ratio of the senior citizen of the three cities ranges from 5.52 to 7.09, of which
the Marikina City shows the largest. Dependency ratios of the three cities are almost the same,
indicating 47 to 48, although that of the whole nation is 61, meaning that the number of working
age people from 15 to 64 occupies relatively large in these LGUs.
Table 6.4.3 Household Data for the Philippines, NCR and Cities in the Phase IV Area
Average Household Size Ratio of senior Dependency
Number of Households
Area (nos.) citizen* (%) ratio**
2000 2010 2000 2010 2010 2010
Philippines 15,278,808 20,171,899 5.0 4.6 6.77 61
NCR 2,132,989 2,759,829 4.6 4.3 5.75 48
Pasig City 107,835 154,970 4.7 4.3 5.80 47
Quezon City 480,624 634,346 4.5 4.3 5.52 48
Marikina City 80,180 91,414 4.9 4.6 7.09 47
Note) *: Ratio of senior citizen is the percentage of those aged 60 years and over in a given population.
**: Dependency ratio is the sum of the number of persons under 15 years old and persons aged 65 and over
divided by the number of persons 15 to 64 years old and multiplied by 100.
Source: National Statistics Office (NSO)

Table 6.4.4 lists the population and average annual growth rate by barangay in the Project area.
The average annual growth rate ranges from -1.11 to 2.92 %. There are four barangays in Marikina
City of which growth rate recorded minus figure, meaning that the population has decreased
during these 10 years from 2000 to 2010. These barangays are Barangka, Tañong, Jesus De La
Peña and Santo Niño, all of which are located around the river stretch from Marcos Bridge to
Marikina Bridge, where the community suffered from the damage of Tropical Storm Ondoy in
2009.
Table 6.4.4 Population by Barangay in the Phase IV Area
Population
City Barangay Average Annual
2000 2010
Growth Rate (%)
Rosario 48,998 56,283 1.40
Pasig City Manggahan 32,615 39,459 1.92
Santolan 37,055 42,865 1.47
Ugong Norte 6,959 8,755 2.32
Bagumbayan 7,597 9,219 1.95
Quezon City
Libis 4,425 5,902 2.92
Blue Ridge B 1,345 1,692 2.32
Industrial Valley 13,366 14,263 0.65
Marikina City
Barangka 19,466 19,222 -0.13

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 Population
City Barangay Average Annual
2000 2010
Growth Rate (%)
Tañong 9,477 8,479 -1.11
Jesus De La Peña 9,796 9,465 -0.34
Calumpang 14,552 14,879 0.22
San Roque 18,021 18,252 0.13
Santa Elena (Pob.) 5,704 6,954 2.00
Santo Niño 27602 26120 -0.55
3 cities 15 barangays 256,978 281,809 0.93
Source: National Statistics Office (NSO)

6.4.3 Land Use

(1) Current Status
Existing land use around Project Phase IV area is shown on Figure. 6.4.1. Details of land use are
described in the following sections by the city of Pasig, Marikina and Quezon.

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Source: Pasig City Proposed Land Use Map, 2002; Quezon City Existing Land Use Map, 2009; Marikina City
Existing Land Use Map, 2004
Figure 6.4.1 Land Use Map of Phase IV Area

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1) Pasig City
a. Existing Land Use
The area of Pasig City occupies the left bank side in the downstream half of the Marikina River
of the Phase IV. Land use is described to be made up of residential, industrial, small commercial
and open spaces. The land use along the Marikina River is characterized as follows (see photos
below):
 The residential zones make up the left bank side in Barangay Santolan, consisting of one to
two story houses. There are relatively abundant trees and plants at the narrow strip between
the residential area and the river channel.
 The industrial zones are located along the left bank side of Barangay Manggahan, from the
area around Manalo Bridge up to the Rosario weir. Residential facilities (more than 5 stories)
occupy the right bank area around the Manalo Bridge. Small tree vegetation exists along the
river side immediately below the bridge.
 Large open space with trees and vegetation and industrial area exist in Barangay Rosario, at
the downstream of Rosario Weir.

Residential zone in Barangay Santolan along left Industrial zone along left bank side around the
bank of the Marikina River Manalo Bridge.

Area data of existing land use of barangays within the Project, Phase IV area is presented in Table
6.4.5. The combined land area for the three barangays is 939.98 ha and among these, Rosario has
the largest area with 414.52 ha, and Santolan has the smallest with 199.25 ha. Residential zones
comprise the largest existing land use at 648.25 ha, or 68.96% of the total area. Commercial zones
are second largest with 133.67 ha or 14.22% of the total land. Industrial zones in the barangays
account for combined total of 123.23 ha, or 13.11% of total area. Parks and open spaces constitute
only 34.71 ha or 3.69% of the combined barangay area.
Table 6.4.5 Existing Land Use in Barangays of Pasig City in Phase IV Area
Barangay Area (in hectares)
Land Use
Rosario Manggahan Santolan Total
Residential 270.25 257.19 120.81 648.25
65.20% 78.84% 60.63% 68.96%
Commercial 89.76 8.81 35.10 133.67
21.65% 2.70% 17.62% 14.22%
Industrial 41.60 38.52 43.11 123.23
10.04% 11.81% 21.64% 13.11%
Park, Open Space or 12.91 21.69 0.11 34.71
Recreation 3.12% 6.65% 0.06% 3.69%
Institutional - - 0.12 0.12
- - 0.06% 0.01%
Total 414.52 326.21 199.25 939.98
Source: Analysis on land use area in this survey, 2014

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b. Development Trend and Land Use Plan
Medium Term Development Plan and Investment Program (MTDPIP) for 1997-2000 and Long
Term Perspective Plan (LTPP) for 2001-2005 for Pasig City identified Barangay Santolan as a
key development area. It proposes redevelopment of the industrial block bounded by Marikina
River, Marcos Highway and E. Amang Rodriguez Avenue. The proposed Marikina Central
Business District (CBD) north of Marcos Highway and completion of the LRT 2 System section
in Santolan was considered to complement the proposed redevelopment.
The Santolan riverside which is a 20 ha strip along the one-kilometer riverbank length of the
Marikina River was identified by the Pasig River Rehabilitation Council (PRRC) as subject of
urban renewal (Pasig City CLUP, 2000). This includes the development of river easement as part
of Environmental Protection Areas (EPA), and the development of infrastructure such as parks,
community facilities, drainage system and road widening. A minimum of 10 meters easement was
declared as reservation along the Marikina River as part of the EPA and the development of linear
parks along the river (Pasig City CLUP, 2000). In Barangay Santolan, a wider easement on top
of the 10-meter reservation was prescribed to allow for natural river accretion and further
development of the proposed linear park.
2) Quezon City
a. Existing Land Use
The area of Quezon City occupies the right bank side in the downstream half of the Marikina
River of the Phase IV. Land use consists of commercial and industrial zones, residential and
institutional zones. Land use along the Marikina River is characterized as follows (see photos
below):
 River side area of the Marikina River is occupied by the commercial and business zones such
as the Eastwood City in Barangay Bagumbayan and Libis and industrial zones between Calle
Industria and Rosario Bridge in Barangay Ugong Norte. Eastwood City in particular is a
large mixed-use commercial zone consisting of high-rise buildings and a commercial
complex and condominium.
 The residential zone is represented by El Circulo Verde high-rise development at the Rosario
Weir area, which is currently under construction. It presents a sharp contrast between the
dense and low housing residents at the opposite bank in Santolan.
 There is institutional zone represented by the military facility Camp Atienza in Barangay
Libis, located at the northern most area along the right bank side of Phase IV.

The Eastwood City commercial center along the Industrial areas located beside Eastwood City
right bank of the Marikina River and right bank of the Marikina River
Area data of existing land use for the Quezon City barangays located within the Project, Phase IV
area is presented in Table 6.4.6. The combined land area of all barangays is 446.06 ha, with Ugong
Norte having the largest land area at 266.53 ha, and Libis with the smallest at 11.58 ha. Residential
zones account for the largest land use at 196.29 ha or 44.01% of the total land area. Commercial

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zones have an area of 87.57 ha or 19.63% of land area, and industrial zones account for 70.50 ha
or 15.81% of the total. Parks and open spaces are notable as these areas occupy 72.82 ha or
16.33% of the land.
Table 6.4.6 Existing Land Use in Barangays of Quezon City in the Phase IV Area
Area (in hectares)
Land Use
Ugong Norte Bagumbayan Libis Blue Ridge B Total
Residential 140.88 42.29 2.67 10.46 196.29
52.86% 27.32% 23.06% 79.49% 44.01%
Commercial 39.06 47.80 0.42 0.29 87.57
14.66% 30.88% 3.62% 2.23% 19.63%
Industrial 11.31 59.04 0.15 - 70.50
4.25% 38.14% 1.32% - 15.81%
Institutional 7.16 0.66 6.97 0.87 15.65
2.69% 0.43% 60.21% 6.58% 3.51%
Park, Open Space or 68.12 2.90 0.28 1.53 72.82
Recreation 25.56% 1.87% 2.40% 11.61% 16.33%
Utility - 2.13 - - 2.13
- 1.37% - - 0.48%
Informal Settlements - - 1.09 0.01 1.10
- - 9.40% 0.09% 0.25%
Total 266.53 154.80 11.58 13.16 446.06
Source: Analysis on land use area in this survey, 2014

b. Development Trend and Land Use Plan

In 2000, the Eastwood City Cyberpark was established as part of the Eastwood City development
in the barangays Bagumbayan and Libis to build up capacity for entry of Business Process
Outsourcing-Call Center Industries, IT infrastructure & educational programs in the city (Quezon
City Socio-Economic Profile, 2010). It was cited as the first and the biggest IT park in the country
also in 2000. However, according to the Quezon City CLUP of 2011-2030, the Eastwood area is
no longer seen as a growth center on account of built-in site limitations. Access to the area is
limited to the C-5 Highway, and expansion is limited by the Marikina River on its eastern
boundary. The previous intensive development of Eastwood City on the Libis side is not projected
to be duplicated in future investments in the southern portion of barangay Bagumbayan. Future
development is forecast to be limited to mixed use, largely residential projects, with future
services designed to cater to local residents.
In addition to an easement of three meters on both sides of creeks, streams and esteros shall be
provided for public use based on Water Code (Presidential Decree No. 1067, 1976), Quezon City
Zoning Ordinance (2000) has declared under Section 15 that a ten-meter strip shall be established
as an Environmental Protection Area (EPA) and easement on both sides of the Marikina River.
3) Marikina City
a. Existing Land Use
The area of Marikina City occupies the both sides of the Marikina River in the upstream half of
the Project, Phase IV. Land use at both river banks consists of residential, commercial and
industrial zones, and open parks. Land use along the Marikina River is characterized as follows:
 The residential zones are represented by the villages at Barangays Jesus De La Peña and
Industrial at the right bank side, and homes at Calumpang, Santa Elena and San Roque on
the left bank side.
 The commercial zones consist of the Marikina Riverbanks Center occupying the right bank
side of Barangay Tañong and Barangka at north of Marcos Bridge, and the SM Marikina at
the immediate opposite at left bank side of Barangay Calumpang. Commercial areas
immediately adjacent to the left bank of the river also exist at Barangay Santo Niño.

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  Industrial zones consisting of leather industries for shoes, belts and bags, etc., are located at
left bank side of Barangays San Roque and Calumpang.
 The riverine park known as Marikina River Park comprise the easements located on both
sides of the river. Developed in late 1990’s until early 2000’s, it extends from the Marikina
Bridge up to Marcos Bridge, consisting of park attractions and agricultural lots at the area
along the right bank side of Jesus De La Peña.

Riverine park is located at both sides of the river Agricultural lots located along the river in
between the Marikina Bridge and Marcos Bridge barangay Jesus De La Peña
Area data of existing land use for the barangays in Marikina City located within the Project, Phase
IV is presented in Table 6.4.7. The total land area of the barangays is 756.85 ha, with Santo Niño
being the largest at 163.89 ha and Santa Elena being the smallest at 56.51 ha. Residential zones
represent the biggest land use in Marikina City, accounting for 57.86% of the total land.
Commercial zones have a combined area of 72.51 ha or 9.58% of the total land, and industrial
zones occupy 39.90 ha or 5.27%. Parks and open spaces represent the second largest land use,
with a size of 121.84 ha or 16.10% of the total land area.
Table 6.4.7 Existing Land Use in Barangays of Marikina City in the Phase IV Area
Barangay Area (in hectares)
Land Use Industrial San Santa Santo Jesus De
Calumpang Tañong Barangka Total
Valley Roque Elena Niño La Peña
Residential 58.04 31.69 82.60 23.94 95.44 57.81 45.90 42.46 437.88
73.42% 39.10% 76.06% 42.37% 58.24% 61.53% 53.58% 48.17% 57.86%
Commercial 0.25 22.98 7.57 10.05 13.99 - 2.50 15.17 72.51
0.31% 28.36% 6.97% 17.79% 8.54% - 2.92% 17.21% 9.58%
Industrial 2.35 12.81 9.45 0.88 6.01 6.61 1.80 - 39.90
2.97% 15.81% 8.70% 1.56% 3.66% 7.04% 2.10% - 5.27%
Institutional 1.04 0.42 4.48 9.56 5.53 0.58 0.52 21.32 43.44
1.31% 0.52% 4.12% 16.92% 3.38% 0.62% 0.60% 24.18% 5.74%
Park, Open 16.96 13.14 4.25 10.49 42.43 28.59 5.95 0.04 121.84
Space or
21.45% 16.22% 3.91% 18.57% 25.89% 30.44% 6.94% 0.043% 16.10%
Recreation
Religious and 0.43 - 0.26 0.84 - 0.35 29.01 8.24 39.13
Cemetery 0.54% - 0.24% 1.48% - 0.38% 33.86% 9.35% 5.17%
Utility - - - 0.74 - - - 0.92 1.66
- - - 1.30% - - - 1.05% 0.22%
Informal - - - - 0.49 - - - 0.49
Settlements - - - - 0.30% - - - 0.07%
Total 79.05 81.05 108.60 56.51 163.89 93.95 85.67 88.14 756.85
Source: Analysis on land use area in this survey, 2014

b. Development Trend and Land Use Plan

Under the Marikina City CLUP (2000), the area bound by Marcos Highway and A. Bonifacio
Avenue was proposed as the Marikina Central Business District (CBD). It was then proposed as

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commercial development integrating business, residential, shopping and leisure facilities with a
natural setting by the river. Part of this plan is to develop link roads to Libis in Quezon City via
C-5 Highway Bypass and FVR Road, to construct a new bridge crossing from Marcos Highway,
and to improve Marcos Highway Interchange. The Marikina Riverbanks Center and SM Marikina
currently occupies parts of this CBD, and the C-5 Highway Bypass, Diosdado Macapagal Bridge
and Marcos Highway Interchanges have been completed. In addition, the LRT-2 station at the
neighboring barangay of Santolan, Pasig City was similarly completed in 2003.
Under Section 45 of the Marikina City Zoning Ordinance 303 (2000), all waterways throughout
their entire length are declared to have an easement zone with a minimum of 10 meters for rivers
and streams and 3 meters for creeks from the shore. Public use is allowed for this easement in the
interest of recreation, navigation, floatage, fishing and salvage. In addition, the whole length of
the Marikina River is declared as no-build zone within 96 meters from the centerline of the water.
This ordinance enabled the establishment of the Marikina River Park in 2000 to aid the
rehabilitation of Marikina River and transform it into a sports and recreational park. This also
aims at development and expansion of amenities, reclamation of lands within the 96-meter river
easement, by securing these from informal settler colonies (Marikina City CLUP, 2000).
(2) Evaluation of Updated Baseline Condition
In the EIS (1998), no detailed description on land use by LGU located in the Project area was
provided with showing its characteristics of exiting land use, development trend or land use plan.
Existing land use condition in this survey presents the changes in land use that took place along
the Marikina River segment of the Project, Phase IV after the EIS (1998). The enactment of local
government ordinances after 1998 by the cities of Pasig, Quezon and Marikina allowed for the
changes in zoning conditions particularly along the river, such as the declaration of easement on
both banks of the river, and facilitation and restriction of development along the Marikina River.

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6.4.4 Infrastructure and Social Services
(1) Current Status
a. Infrastructure
Table 6.4.8 lists the major infrastructures along the Marikina River in the Project, Phase IV area.
Locations of the major infrastructures and social service facilities are shown on Figure 6.4.2.
Table 6.4.8 Major Infrastructures Located along the Marikina River (Phase IV)
Category Name Location
Major Roads / Highway A. Bonifacio Road Marikina City
Col. Boni Serrano Ave. Marikina City
Calle Industria Road Marikina City
J.P. Rizal Road Marikina City
Riverbanks Road Marikina City / Quezon City
Marcos Highway Marikina City / Pasig City
E. Amang Rodriguez Ave. Pasig City
Evangelista Ave. Pasig City
Caruncho Road Pasig City
E. Rodriguez Jr. Ave (C-5) Quezon City
Railway LRT2- Line Marikina City
Santolan LRT2 Station Marikina City
Santolan LRT 2 Depot Pasig City
Bridge Marikina Bridge Marikina City
Floating Bridge Marikina City
SM City Bridge Marikina City
Marcos Bridge Marikina City
LRT2-Line Bridge Marikina City
Diosdado Macapagal Bridge Marikina City
Manalo Bridge Pasig City / Quezon City
Daan Pasig Bridge Pasig City
Rosario Bridge Pasig City / Quezon City
Ferry Boat Station Marikina River Park Ferry Terminal Marikina City
Eastwood Ferry Station Parking Pasig City
Others Olandes Sewerage Treatment Plant Marikina City
Rosario Weir and Manggahan Flood Gate Pasig City
Santolan Flood Control Dike* Pasig City
Note) *: Under construction at the time of this study
Source: Pinoy Map, Metro Manila, 2009; Google Earth, 2014

Main roads along the Project, Phase IV area, such as Marcos Highway; E. Amang Rodriguez
Avenue; E. Rodriguez Jr. Avenue (C-5 Highway); and A. Bonifacio Road, are the major public
infrastructures that are part of the Metro Manila traffic artery. Some of these roads cross the
Marikina River through the bridges presented on Figure 6.4.2. The LRT Line 2 is also a major
public infrastructure along the Marikina River, consisting of its train depot, the Santolan Station,
and connecting link to the LRT-2 System. The Ferry Boat stations, while existing, have not been
operational for some time as a result of indefinite suspension of river ferry operations. The
Olandes Sewerage Treatment Plant beside Riverbanks Road built and operated by the Manila
Water Company (MWCI) processes domestic wastewater from parts of Marikina and Quezon
City before draining into the Marikina River.

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Source: Pinoy Map, Metro Manila, 2009; Google Earth, 2014
Figure 6.4.2 Location of Major Infrastructures within Phase IV Area

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b. Social Services
Table 6.4.9 lists the major social service facilities located within approximately 500 meters
distance from the Marikina River in the Project, Phase IV area.
Table 6.4.9 Major Social Service Facilities located along the Marikina River (Phase IV)
Category Name Location
Barangay Hall Manggahan Barangay Hall Pasig City
Santolan Barangay Hall Pasig City
Marikina City Hall Marikina City
Industrial Valley Barangay Hall Marikina City
Barangka Barangay Hall Marikina City
Tañong Barangay Hall Marikina City
Calumpang Barangay Hall Marikina City
San Roque Barangay Hall Marikina City
Santa Elena (Pob.) Barangay Hall Marikina City
Bagumbayan Barangay Hall Quezon City
Libis Barangay Hall Quezon City
Blue Ridge B Barangay Hall Quezon City
School Sto. Tomas de Villanueva High School Pasig City
Santolan Elementary School Pasig City
Lily of The Valley Christian School Marikina City
Leodegario Victorino Elementary School Marikina City
Tañong High School Marikina City
Industrial Valley Elementary School Marikina City
Barangka Elementary School Marikina City
Entrepreneur School of Asia Quezon City
Church Sto. Tomas de Villanueva Church Pasig City
Sta. Lucia Parish Pasig City
San Antonio De Padua Parish Marikina City
Provident Village Church Marikina City
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints Marikina City
The Marikina United Methodist Church Marikina City
Our Lady of Abandoned Church Marikina City
Jesus De La Pena Chapel Marikina City
Our Lady of Mount Carmel Chapel Quezon City
Nativity of Our Lady Parish Quezon City
Iglesia Ni Cristo Church Quezon City
Hospital / Clinic Che Midwife Lying In-Clinic Pasig City
Marikina Doctors Hospital and Medical Clinic* Pasig City
Sta. Monica Hospital Marikina City
Maternity Clinic Marikina City
Recreational Spot Evangelista Covered Court Pasig City
Pasig Square Garden Pasig City
Glass Garden Pasig City
Santolan Sports Complex Pasig City
Kalumpang Gymnasium Marikina City
River Bank’s Convention Center Marikina City
Palaruang Lambak ng Marikina Marikina City
(Note) * Under construction at the time of this study
Source: Pinoy Map, Metro Manila, 2009; Google Earth, 2014

Social service facilities located along the Marikina River include barangay halls, schools,
churches, hospitals and clinics, recreational spots. Of which, those located in the vicinity (within
approximately 100 meters) of the Marikina River channel include one barangay hall, two schools,
four churches, one clinic, one hospital, and five recreational spots. Locations of the major social

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service facilities are shown on Figure 6.4.3. These are the following, in order of location from the
upstream to downstream ends of Project Phase IV area: (1) Maternity Clinic; (2) Lily of the Valley
Christian School; (3) Marikina United Methodist Church; (4) Jesus De La Peña Chapel; (5)
Palaruang Lambak ng Marikina; (6) Calumpang Gymnasium; (7) Calumpang Barangay Hall; (8)
San Antonio De Padua Parish; (9) Riverbanks Convention Center; (10) Industrial Valley
Elementary School; (11) Marikina Doctors Hospital and Medical Clinic; (12) Glass Garden; (13)
Pasig Square Garden, and (14) Our Lady of Mount Carmel Chapel.
The Lily of the Valley Christian School, Marikina United Methodist Church and Jesus De La
Peña Chapel are within the same location at the right bank near the Marikina Bridge. The
Maternity Clinic, on the other hand, is located on the opposite left bank near Marikina Bridge.
The Palaruang Lambak ng Marikina is similarly situated on the left bank, about 400 meters due
south of the Maternity Clinic.
The Calumpang Barangay Hall and Gymnasium are both in the same area at the left riverbank
side which is less than 50 meters away from the project area. The San Antonio De Padua Parish
is similarly less than 50 meters from the left riverbank and also adjacent to the Calumpang
Barangay Hall, which is about 500 meters to the east.
The Riverbanks Convention Center is situated on the right bankside, about 400 meters upstream
of Marcos Bridge. The Industrial Valley Elementary School along FVR Road has about the same
distance downstream of Marcos Bridge. The Marikina Doctors Hospital and Medical Clinic, Pasig
Glass Garden and Pasig Square Garden are all within a 300-meter section of the Evangelista Road,
about 50 meters away from the opposite left bank side of the project area. The Chapel of Our
Lady of Mount Carmel is located inside the premises of Camp Atienza military compound, which
is within 100 meters away from the right riverbank side.

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Source: Pinoy Map, Metro Manila, 2009; Google Earth, 2014
Figure 6.4.3 Location of Major Social Service Facilities within Phase IV Area

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(2) Evaluation of Updated Baseline Condition
Information on infrastructures and social service facilities was provided with less detail in the EIS
(1998). In the period between 1998 and 2014, new infrastructures have been built in and around
the Project, Phase IV area, including the following: The construction and completion of LRT Line
2 infrastructure in 2003 (LRTA, 2014) introduced the railway system into the Project, Phase IV
area. The ferry boat system which was operational from 2007 to 2008, has indefinitely suspended
its operations due to financial losses (MMDA, 2014). Infrastructures built recently along the
Marikina River bank include the Olandes Sewage Treatment Plant of MWCI in 2011.
Construction of Santolan Flood Control Dike is on-going along left bank of the Marikina River
by the Pasig City Government.
As for the social services facilities, four new ones have been built after the EIS (1998), including
the Palaruang Lambak ng Marikina and the Riverbanks convention center in 2000, the Glass
Garden in 2008, and the currently on-going construction of Marikina Doctors Hospital and
Medical Clinic.
6.4.5 Socio-economy and Livelihood Conditions
(1) Current Status
a. Pasig City
Working Population and Dependency Ratio:
The number of working and dependent populations for Pasig City is presented in Table 6.4.10.
There are 454,163 persons or 67.93% of employable population in the city. The number of young
and old dependents in the city are 191,804 (28.69%) and 22,602 (3.38%), respectively. It should
be noted that the male population is outnumbered by female in the working age. Dependency ratio
is 47.2, meaning that dependents exists for every 100 persons in the working population (National
Statistics Office, 2010).
Table 6.4.10 Population by Age Group and Dependency Ratio in Pasig City
Population
Age Group
Total Male Female
Younger Dependent Population 191,804 99,236 92,568
(ages 14 and below) 28.69% 30.44% 27.02%
Working Age Population (ages15- 454,163 217,705 236,458
64) 67.93% 66.79% 69.02%
Older Dependent Population 22,602 9,011 13,591
(ages 65 and above) 3.38% 2.76% 3.97%
Total 668,569 325,952 342,617
Dependency Ratio* 47.2 - -
Note) *: Dependency ratio is the sum of the number of persons under 15 years old and persons aged 65 and
over divided by the number of persons 15 to 64 years old and multiplied by 100.
Source: National Statistics Office (NSO), 2010
Business Profile:
The number of establishments in Pasig City by sector and business type in 2010 and 2011 is
presented in Table 6.4.11. Pasig City has 25,319 registered business establishments in 2011 (Pasig
City Profile, 2013), which has increased from 19,393 in 2010 by 30.6%. Among the sectors,
commercial establishments prominently increased. The increase in the business establishments is
complemented by the development and expansion of Pasig Public Market and Ortigas
Commercial Center. The agricultural, fishing and forestry sector, on the other hand, is considered
practically non-existent according to the City Profile.

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 Table 6.4.11 Number of Business Establishments by Sector and Type in Pasig City
Business Business Type Number of Establishments
Sector 2010 2011
Commercial Administration Office 1,092 1,183
Lessor/Computer 2,434 1,286
Public Markets 1,751 2,824
Restaurants 371 414
Retailer 3,036 3,264
Sari-sari Store 746 790
Services 4,642 5,105
Warehouse 227 250
Wholesale 1,585 1,700
Banks 89 85
Insurance Agency 529 599
Foreign Exchange 69 87
Pawnshop 109 93
Travel Agencies 90 91
Others 2,036 6,985
Subtotal (Commercial) 18,806 24,756
Industrial Big Scale Manufacturer 229 226
Essential Commodities - Manufacturer 21 17
Exporter/Manufacturer 17 19
Printing Press 65 53
Small Scale Manufacturer 255 248
Subtotal (Industrial) 587 563
Total 19,393 25,319
Source: Pasig City Profile, 2013

The increase in the number of establishments in commercial sector is recognized from 1990’s.
Between 1994 and 2000, the rate of increase in commercial establishments is almost 100%
according to the City Treasurer’s office business tax and statistical records (Pasig City Medium
Term Development Plan, 2000). Commercial growth is reflected in the development of shopping
centers and high rise, mixed-use development in different parts of the city and within the Central
Business District of Ortigas Center. The increased commercial activity is forecasted to promote
lead growth and economy and expected to surpass economic gains made during the peak industrial
period of Pasig City (the same). Increasing demand for upscale condominium units to complement
commercial expansion recognized the need of more areas for commercial high-rise development
and expansion of the Central Business District (CBD).
Industries have registered a low rate of increase which is below 30% in year 2000 (Pasig City
Medium Term Development Plan, 2000). Closed old factories had been redeveloped into
warehouses to complement the increase in commercial activities, 158 of which were registered in
2000. Expansion of operations had not been recorded in the remaining industrial facilities where
many are located in high-value, prime real estate land. Development of new large or medium-
sized industries were similarly absent, indicating that industries have become less viable or
profitable resulting from the high cost of land, particularly in areas with high-value commercial
development. The industrial dispersal policy of the national government and rise of new growth
centers outside NCR area have been gradually absorbing established industries away from Pasig
City, and in year 2000 about 3.5% of industrial zones had been converted to commercial use
(Pasig City Medium Term Development Plan, 2000).
Housing Profile:
Pasig City recorded a total of 140,844 households residing in 136,017 dwelling units in 2007,
indicating an average household size of 4.9 persons (Pasig City Profile, 2013). The city has a
median livable floor area of 33 m2. Tenurial status information from the National Statistics Office
survey (2000) showed that single detached housing made up 62.90% of the total dwelling units,
followed by multi-dwelling units (25.26%), the duplexes (10.03%), and commercial, industrial

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and institutional quarters (0.36%). A total of 43.76% of households own or amortize their
residential units, and 31% rent their homes. About 12.11% of households occupy rent-free homes
with owner consent, and 4.73% are rent-free without owner approval or consent.
The number of occupied housing units according to outer wall and roof construction materials is
presented in Table 6.4.12. About 75.86% of housing units had roofs made of galvanized iron,
with 56.02% had outer walls made of concrete, bricks or stone. About 17.36% had wooden walls,
and 25.53% have half-concrete, brick, stone or half-wood walls. The percentages of the housing
units of tile/concrete/clay tile and half-galvanized/iron and half-concrete are relatively low.
Table 6.4.12 Number of Household Units by Construction Materials in Pasig City
Construction Materials of the Roof
Construction Materials of Occupied Half-galvanized/
Galvanized Iron/ Tile/ Concrete/
the Outer Walls Housing Units Iron and Half-
Aluminium Clay Tile
Concrete
Concrete/ Brick/ Stone 67,653 57,819 5,780 3,205
56.02% 85.74% 18.29%
Wood 24,802 17,920 361 2,261
17.36% 5.36% 12.91%
Half Concrete/ Brick/ Stone 39,807 26,354 541 11,469
and Half Wood 25.53% 8.03% 65.46%
Galvanized Iron/ Aluminium 1,218 535 33 502
0.52% 0.49% 2.87%
Bamboo/ Sawali/ Cogon/ 107 34 - 5
Nipa 0.03% - 0.03%
Asbestos 36 6 7 5
0.01% 0.10% 0.03%
Glass 54 28 5 6
0.03% 0.07% 0.03%
Makeshift/ salvaged/ 792 307 - 10
improvised materials 0.30% - 0.06%
Others/Not Reported 1,538 204 14 58
0.20% 0.21% 0.33%
No walls 10 10 - -
0.01% - -
136,017 103,217 6,741 17,521
Total
100% 75.86% 4.96% 12.88%
National Statistics Office (NSO), 2007

Income and Livelihood Conditions:

The average family income and expenditure for Pasig City is presented in Table 6.4.13. It can be
recognized that the city household income is higher, and expenses are lower than the NCR average
in 2000 although the city-level information is not available after 2000.
Table 6.4.13 Household Income and Expenditure in Pasig City (2000-2006)
Expenditure (monthly, in thousand
Income (monthly, in thousand pesos)
Year pesos)
Philippines NCR Pasig City Philippines NCR Pasig City
2006 14,394 25,916 - 12,263 21,500 -
2003 12,324 22,204 - 10,308 18,159 -
2000 12,093 25,025 26,425 9,903 22,204 21,117
Source: National Statistics Office (NSO), 2007
Detailed average family income and expenditure information is not available for Pasig City but
only for NCR in 2009 as shown in Table 6.4.14. In the table, consumption pattern of the low-
income families (the poor) was presented for those with monthly average income of less than

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16,100 pesos (income threshold of the poor) according to NSO (2009). In 2012, the monthly
poverty threshold in NCR has increased up to P 20,344, with poverty incidence among families
in the population at 2.6% (NSO, 2012).
Table 6.4.14 Consumption Pattern of All Families and Low-income Families in NCR
Expense Item All families (%) Low-income families*(%)
Food, beverage and tobacco 37.2 58.2
Housing and repair 18.8 13.5
Fuel, light and water 8.0 9.6
Personal Care - 4.9
Transport and communications 9.0 4.7
Clothing 2.1 2.3
Education 4.2 -
Other major expenditures 20.7 6.7
Note) *: Average monthly income of less than 16,100 pesos (income threshold of the poor).
Source: National Statistics Office (NSO), 2009
b. Quezon City
Working Population and Dependency Ratio:
The number of working and dependent populations in Quezon City is presented in Table 6.4.15.
There are 1,857,723 persons or 67.51% of employable population in the city. The number of
young and old dependents in the city are 802,864 (29.18%) and 90,992 (3.31%), respectively. It
should be noted that the male population is outnumbered by female in the working age.
Dependency ratio is 48.1, meaning that dependents exist for every 100 persons in the working
population (National Statistics Office, 2010).
Table 6.4.15 Population by Age Group and Dependency Ratio in Quezon City
Population
Age Group
Total Male Female
Younger Dependent Population 802,864 415,179 387,685
(ages 14 and below) 29.18% 30.92% 27.52%
Working Age Population (ages15- 1,857,723 892,555 965,168
64) 67.51% 66.46% 68.52%
Older Dependent Population 90,992 35,179 55,813
(ages 65 and above) 3.31% 2.62% 3.96%
Total 2,751,579 1,342,913 1,408,666
Dependency Ratio* 48.1 - -
Note) *: Dependency ratio is the sum of the number of persons under 15 years old and persons aged 65 and
over divided by the number of persons 15 to 64 years old and multiplied by 100.
Source: National Statistics Office, 2010
Business Profile:
According to Quezon City Socio-ecological Profile (2010), the services sector account for the
highest share at 91.6%, followed by the industry sector with 8.4%. Quezon City is considered a
highly urbanized city and any existing agricultural activity such as backyard farming and livestock
growing have a small contribution to the city economy.
Table 6.4.16 presents the registered business establishments in Quezon City. In 2013, there are
64,515 registered businesses establishments, consisting of those in services and commercial
(93.88%) and industrial ones (6.12%). In service and commercial establishments, those engaged
in wholesale, retail and motor vehicle repairs account for 43.28%, followed by the real estate,
renting and business activities (27.07%). On the other hand, the industrial sector consists of
manufacturing, construction and utility companies.

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 Table 6.4.16 Registered Business Establishments in Quezon City
No. of
Sector Ratio (%)
establishments
Industrial 3,947 6.12
Manufacturing 2,233 3.46
Utility (Electricity, Gas and Water Supply) 5 0.01
Construction 1,709 2.65
Services and Commercial 60,568 93.88
Wholesale/Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and
27,922 43.28
Motorcycles
Hotels and Restaurants 4,318 6.69
Transport, Communication and Storage 1,872 2.90
Financial Intermediation 2,855 4.43
Real Estate, Renting and Business Activities 17,461 27.07
Education 919 1.42
Health and Social Work 1,274 1.97
Other Community, Social and Personal Activities 3,947 6.12
Total 64,515 100
Source: Quezon City Planning and Development Office, 2013

The decline in the industry sector was noted as a result of a national policy of dispersion of big
industries outside of Metro Manila (Quezon City CLUP, 2010). The trend of conversion of
industrial zones into commercial use such as the areas around Eastwood City development in
Barangay Libis has resulted in diminishing industrial sector and is perceived to continue in the
future.
Registered business establishments in the barangays located within Project Phase IV area are
presented in Table 6.4.17. Bagumbayan has the most number of business establishments among
the four barangays with 1,685 nos., followed by Ugon Norte (860 nos.). The wholesale and retail
is the dominant business type, followed by the real estate, and hotel and restaurant businesses.
Table 6.4.17 Business Establishments in Phase IV Area in Quezon City
Business Type Bagumbayan Blue Ridge Libis Ugong Norte Total
B
Manufacturing 31 2 0 8 41
Electricity, Gas and Water 0 0 0 0 0
Supply
Construction 22 0 2 3 27
Wholesale/Retail Trade; 637 9 23 462 1,131
Repair of Motor Vehicles
and Motorcycles
Hotels and Restaurants 186 1 2 110 299
Transport, Communication 39 2 10 10 61
and Storage
Financial Intermediation 102 3 3 37 145
Real Estate, Renting and 527 7 11 151 696
Business Activities
Education 12 2 0 12 26
Health and Social Work 33 0 0 16 49
Other Community, Social 96 2 3 51 152
and Personal Activities
Total 1,685 28 45 860 2,618
Source: Quezon City Planning and Development Office, 2013

Housing Profile:
Quezon City has 594,832 households residing in 571,812 dwelling units in 2007, indicating an
average household size of 4.5 persons (National Statistics Office, 2007). Quezon City houses have

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a median floor of 31 m2 (Quezon City Socio-ecological Profile, 2010). Tenurial status information
from the National Statistics Office survey (2000) indicated single detached housing made up
56.77% of total dwelling units. Multi-dwelling units comprised 31.79%, duplexes with 8.46%,
and commercial, industrial and institutional living quarters made up 2.98%.
Occupied housing units according to outer wall and roof construction materials are presented in
Table 6.4.18. In 2007, 88.21% of housing units had roofs made up of galvanized iron, and 58.94%
had outer walls made of either concrete, bricks or stone. About 27.37% of home units have half-
concrete/brick/stone and half-wood walls, and 11.88% with wood only. The percentages of the
housing units of tile/concrete/clay tile and half-galvanized/iron and half-concrete are relatively
low.
Table 6.4.18 Number of Household Units by Construction Materials in Quezon City
Construction Materials of the Roof
Occupied
Construction Materials of Galvanized Half-galvanized
Housing Tile/ Concrete/
the Outer Walls Iron/ Iron and Half-
Units Clay Tile
Aluminium Concrete
Concrete/ Brick/ Stone 316,394 297,297 12,247 4,521
58.94% 83.30% 11.95%
Wood 67,176 59,906 361 2,599
11.88% 2.46% 6.87%
Half Concrete/ Brick/ Stone 172,063 138,056 1,931 29,552
and Half Wood 27.37% 13.13% 78.10%
Galvanized Iron/ Aluminium 6,783 8,100 101 1,022
1.61% 0.69% 2.70%
Bamboo/ Sawali/ Cogon/ 394 258 - 20
Nipa 0.05% - 0.05%
Asbestos 74 34 1 3
0.01% 0.01% 0.01%
Glass 96 59 13 8
0.01% 0.09% 0.02%
Makeshift/ salvaged/ 4,514 2,443 - 54
improvised materials 0.48% - 0.14%
Others/Not Reported 4,287 1,069 42 57
0.21% 0.29% 0.15%
No walls 31 16 7 2
0.01% 0.05% 0.01%
571,812 504,394 14,703 37,838
Total
100% 88.21% 2.57% 6.62%
National Statistics Office (NSO), 2007

Income and Livelihood Conditions:

The average family income and expenditure is presented in Table 6.4.19. It can be recognized that
the household income and expenses in Quezon City are higher than the NCR average in 2000
although the city-level information is not available after 2000.
Table 6.4.19 Household Income and Expenditure in Quezon City (2000-2006)
Expenditure (monthly, in thousand
Income (monthly, in thousand pesos)
pesos)
Year
Quezon Quezon
Philippines NCR Philippines NCR
City City
2006 14,394 25,916 - 12,263 21,500 -
2003 12,324 22,204 - 10,308 18,159 -
2000 12,093 25,025 32,757 9,903 22,204 29,577
Source: National Statistics Office, 2007

The 2000 average family income and expenditure is presented according to their income classes
in Table 6.4.20. A big disparity in income exists between the income classes, wherein the high-

138
income class registered a monthly average of P 107,607, significantly higher than the two other
classes. Middle-income families constitute the largest number of households in the city at 73.4%
of the city total, with a median monthly average income of P 19,585. Low-income families
account for 10.13% with a monthly income of P 6,702. It should be noted that the monthly average
expenditure is almost the same level as income level, meaning that the household savings are
small on average.
Table 6.4.20 Number of Families by Income Class in Quezon City
Unit: PhP.
Income Class Class of No. of Monthly Monthly Average
%
(Annual) Income Level Families Average Income Expenditure
Below 100,000 Low Income 45,582 10.1 6,702 6,850
100,000 - 500,000 Middle Income 330,527 73.4 19,585 17,504
500,000 and over High Income 74,033 16.4 107,607 97,469
Total 450,142 100.0 32,757 29,577
Source: National Statistics Office, 2000

Table 6.4.21 shows the percent distribution of total family expenditures by area in 2000. Quezon
City’s monthly family expenditure pattern of households has allotted a major portion of family
income on basic necessities such as: 1) Food (31.9%); 2) Shelter (25.6%); 3) Transportation and
communication (10.5%); 4) Fuel, light and water (5.5%); and 5) education (3.8%).
Table 6.4.21 Family Expenses by Expenditure Item
Family Expense (%)
Expenditure Item
Philippines NCR Quezon City
Food 43.1 35.8 31.9
Shelter (expense for occupied dwelling unit) 13.1 21.6 25.6
Transportation and communication 1.3 9.0 10.5
Fuel, light and water 6.5 6.4 5.5
Education 4.0 4.2 3.8
Personal care and effects 3.9 3.4 3.1
Miscellaneous Expenditures 3.8 2.5 1.9
Other expenditures 2.9 2.1 1.7
Clothing, footwear and other wear 2.9 2.4 2.1
Durable furniture, equipment 2.6 2.5 4.4
Household operations 2.2 2.9 3.5
Medical care 2.2 1.6 1.3
Taxes paid 2.1 3.2 1.9
Others (Tobacco, Alcohol, House
maintenance and minor repairs, recreation, 3.2 2.4 1.8
non-durable furnishings)
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0
Source: National Statistics Office, 2000

Families living below the poverty line or those in the lowest income brackets are observed to have
little income to cope with increasing cost of living and meet their basic needs such as food,
clothing, shelter, mobility, and education. They spends more than or equal to 55% of family
earnings for foods and the remaining 45% for other basic needs (Quezon City Socio-ecological
Profile, 2010). These groups commonly resort to borrowings or seek other income sources to meet
their financial requirements particularly during times of crisis involving health or times of illness,
accidents, disasters, etc. The city provides assistances to these families through employment and
financial assistance, livelihood programs and projects such as soft and hard skills training (e.g.
food processing, sewing, etc.) as an alternative means to augment their financial problems.
The 2003 Family Income and Expenditures Survey (FIES) of the National Statistics Office
identified about 128,009 or 28.44% families in Quezon City have income below poverty threshold
of P 8,857.00.

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c. Marikina City
Working Population and Dependency Ratio:
The number of working and dependent populations for Marikina City is presented in Table 6.4.22.
The city has 288,330 employable persons or 67.98% of the whole population, and the number of
young and old dependents are 117,680 (27.44%) and 18,140 (4.28%), respectively. It should be
noted that the male population is outnumbered by females in the working age. Dependency ratio
is 47.1, meaning that dependents exists for every 100 persons in the working population (National
Statistics Office, 2010).
Table 6.4.22 Population by Age Group and Dependency Ratio in Marikina City
Population
Age Group
Total Male Female
Younger Dependent Population 117,680 60,516 57,164
(ages 14 and below) 27.74% 29.26% 26.30%
Working Age Population 288,330 139,137 149,193
(ages15-64) 67.98% 67.27% 68.65%
Older Dependent Population 18,140 7,168 10,972
(ages 65 and above) 4.28% 3.47% 5.05%
Total 424,150 206,821 217,329
Dependency Ratio* 47.1 - -
Note) *: Dependency ratio is the sum of the number of persons under 15 years old and persons aged 65 and over
divided by the number of persons 15 to 64 years old and multiplied by 100.
Source: National Statistics Office NSO), 2010

The number of unemployed in Marikina City in 2012 has been monitored by the Marikina City
Community-Based Monitoring System (2012) and is presented in Table 6.4.23. The city has
recorded 6,195 unemployed households comprising 8,747 individuals. Among the barangays
within the Project Phase IV area, barangay Santo Niño has recorded the highest number of
unemployed.
Table 6.4.23 Number of Unemployed People of Labor Force by Barangay in Phase IV
Households Population
Barangay
Magnitude Proportion (%) Magnitude Proportion (%)
Barangka 616 17 748 12.1
Calumpang 329 13.3 439 10.1
Jesus De La Peña 210 14.6 293 11.1
San Roque 369 12.6 483 9.6
Sta. Elena 85 8.6 46 5.7
Santo Niño 866 18.8 1,171 14.1
Tañong 143 10.4 689 13.2
Industrial Valley 385 14.2 516 11.3
Barangay sub-total 3,003 13.7 4385 10.9
City Total 6,195 14.0 8,747 11.2
Source: Marikina City Community-Based Monitoring System, 2012

Business Profile:
There are 15,064 registered commercial and industrial entities in Marikina City in 2012 (Table
6.4.24). It is made up of 14,582 commercial businesses and 482 industrial establishments.
Commercial establishments engaged in sales have the highest number of entities at 7,489,
followed by services (2,997) and property lease (2,597). Agricultural entities were not recorded
as agricultural areas have become limited resulting from the conversion of most of this zone into
other land uses (Marikina City CLUP, 2000).

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 Table 6.4.24 Registered Business Establishments in Marikina City
Sector Establishments and Firms Number of registered entities
Commercial Amusement 650
Eateries 849
Services 2,997
Sales 7,489
Properties for Lease 2,597
Sub-total 14,582
Industrial Manufacturing 482
Total - 15,064
Source: Marikina City Comprehensive Development Plan, 2012

Regarding industry, on the other hand, 482 registered industry firms are presented according to
the type of industry as shown in Table 6.4.25. Shoe manufacturing firms have the most number,
reflecting the historically dominant industry in the city and gave its name “Shoe capital of the
Philippines” (Marikina City CLUP, 2013). The footwear industry continues to remain as the major
business contributor to Marikina City (Marikina City CLUP, 2000). The development of the
Marikina Riverbanks Center in particular was focused to serve as a primary outlet for local shoes
and leather goods manufacturers. On the other hand, heavy industries such as iron and motor
works consist of 34 firms, which are mostly located in barangay Fortune and Parang (Marikina
CDP, 2012).
Table 6.4.25 Number of Registered Manufacturing Firms by Type in Marikina City
Number of
Type of Industry
registered entities
Shoe manufacturing 135
Slipper manufacturing 21
Bag manufacturing 40
Food/Bakery 32
Handicrafts 8
Garments 22
Furniture/Woodcraft 19
Cigarettes 1
Iron/Motor Works 34
Other manufacturing 77
Other industry 93
Total 482
Source: Marikina City Comprehensive Development Plan, 2012

The decrease in the size of residential areas and conversion to commercial and industrial use has
been noted by the Marikina City LGU from year 2000 (Marikina City CLUP, 2000).
Manufacturing firms have relocated or expanded their operations in designated industrial zones
of the city including Barangay Calumpang, Sto. Niño, Concepcion Uno, Fortune and Marikina
Heights area. The improvement and expansion of public infrastructures and facilities has
contributed to the development of new commercial areas. This commercial expansion
complemented the nodal development of the Marikina Riverbanks Center and SM Marikina in
Barangka, and the People’s Mall in Sta Elena. In the meantime, the decline in agricultural
activities and conversion of these lands into different land use has also contributed to the increased
commercial and industrial activities in the city.
Housing Profile:
The city has recorded 108,958 households in 2013, with an average household size of 4.7 persons
(National Statistics Office, 2007). The Marikina Zoning Ordinance number 303 (2000) has
defined density limits for houses and residential areas to avoid deterioration of residential areas
into depressed communities and maintain the livability of Marikina City. There is no available
data on median livable floor area in the city’s documents including CLUP. However, residential

141
houses in subdivisions as well as townhouses are allowed a minimum lot area of 100 square
meters, and socialized housing areas with 24 square meters.
The number of occupied housing units according to outer wall and roof construction materials is
presented in Table 6.4.26. About 85.07% of housing units had roofs made up of galvanized iron,
and 63.74% had outer walls made of either concrete, bricks or stone. About 25.26% of home units
have half-concrete/brick/stone and half-wood walls, and 9.67% with wood only. The percentages
of the housing units of tile/concrete/clay tile and half-galvanized/iron and half-concrete are
relatively low.
Table 6.4.26 Number of Household Units by Construction Materials in Marikina City
Construction Materials of the Roof
Occupied
Construction Materials of Galvanized Half-galvanized
Housing Tile/ Concrete/
the Outer Walls Iron/ Iron and Half-
Units Clay Tile
Aluminium Concrete
Concrete/ Brick/ Stone 49,650 47,217 817 1,400
63.74% 61.94% 15.11%
Wood 9,491 7,165 213 910
9.67% 16.15% 9.82%
Half Concrete/ Brick/ 26,275 18,709 242 6,770
Stone and Half Wood 25.26% 18.35% 73.05%
Galvanized Iron/ 950 697 42 159
Aluminium 0.94% 3.18% 1.72%
Bamboo/ Sawali/ Cogon/ 68 31 - 11
Nipa 0.04% - 0.12%
Asbestos 4 1 - -
0.01% - -
Glass 6 1 - 3
0.01% - 0.03%
Makeshift/ salvaged/ 292 150 - 13
improvised materials 0.20% - 0.14%
Others/Not Reported 335 103 5 2
0.14% 0.38% 0.02%
No walls 3 2 - -
0.01% - -
87,074 74,076 1,319 9,268
Total
100% 85.07% 1.52% 10.64%
National Statistics Office, 2007

Income and Livelihood Conditions:

The average family income and expenditure for Marikina City is presented in Table 6.4.27. It can
be recognized that the household income and expenses in Marikina City is lower than the NCR
average in 2000 although the city-level information is not available after 2000.
Table 6.4.27 Household Income and Expenditure in Marikina City (2000-2006)
Income (in thousand pesos) Expenditure (in thousand pesos)
Year Marikina Marikina
Philippines NCR Philippines NCR
City City
2006 14,394 25,916 - 12,263 21,500 -
2003 12,324 22,204 - 10,308 18,159 -
2000 12,093 25,025 19,568 9,903 22,204 16,249
Source: National Statistics Office, 2007

The number of waged working family members and their average wages for 2012 in Marikina
City and barangays within Project Phase IV is presented in Table 6.4.28. There are 86,410 waged
members in the city with average earnings of P 152,816 pesos. Sto. Niño recorded the most
number of waged family members at 6,135, as well as the highest total wages at P 999,279,403.

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Sta. Elena on the other hand has the least number of waged members at 1,175; however it also
has the highest average wage at P 236,012 per year and at P 19,668 per month.
Table 6.4.28 Number of Waged People and Wages by Barangay in Phase IV Area
Total and Average Wages (in pesos)
Number of
Barangay Magnitude Proportion Proportion
Waged People
(total) (per year) (per month)
Marikina City 86,410 13,204,871,727 152,816 12,735
Barangka 4,494 735,002,160 163,552 13,629
Calumpang 3,325 453,598,850 136,421 11,368
Jesus De La Peña 1,883 307,400,606 163,250 13,604
San Roque 3,779 575,290,917 152,234 12,686
Santa Elena (Pob.) 1,175 277,313,625 236,012 19,668
Santo Niño 6,135 999,279,403 162,882 13,573
Tañong 1,483 225,812,010 152,267 12,689
Industrial Valley 3,478 611,672,846 175,869 14,656
Source: Marikina City Community Based Monitoring System, 2012

The 2012 monthly poverty threshold in NCR at P 20,344 and poverty incidence among families
in the population at 2.6% (National Statistics Office, 2012) is applicable to Marikina City. The
Marikina City Community Based Monitoring System (CBMS) assessed the number of households
with incomes below poverty threshold for 2012 for each barangay. Table 6.4.29 presents the
assessed barangays within the Project Phase IV area.
Table 6.4.29 Number of Households below Poverty Threshold by Barangay in Phase IV
Area
Barangays Number of poor Number of poor Proportion (%) based on the
families people number of households
Barangka 305 1,260 7.06
Calumpang 309 1,510 11.15
Jesus dela Peña 194 912 11.95
San Roque 279 1,425 8.42
Sta. Elena 126 639 11.33
Sto. Niño 577 3,100 11.05
Tañong 143 689 10.39
Industrial Valley 270 1,370 9.19
Marikina City 9,188 47,939 10.81
Source: Marikina City Community Based Monitoring System, 2012

There are 9,188 recorded poor households in the city consisting of 47,939 persons. Barangay Sto.
Niño has the most number of poor households with 577, or 3,100 persons. Barangay Sta. Elena
has the least number with 126 poor households consisting of 639 persons. In terms of proportion,
Jesus Dela Peña recorded the highest with 11.9% of households. On the other hand, Barangka has
the lowest proportion at 7.1%.
(2) Evaluation of Updated Baseline Condition
In the EIS (1998), socio-economic study was conducted covering demography, dependency ratio,
income level, and housing profile, etc. Regarding demography, the review results are described
in Section 5.4.1 Demography. Review results of other components are briefed hereunder:
Dependency ratio of the cities and municipalities located along the Pasig-Marikina River was
shown as 52 in the EIS (1998) while those of Pasig, Quezon and Marikina City in 2010 are
presented as 47.2, 48.1 and 47.1, respectively. This indicates that the dependency burden is
slightly lessened after the EIS up to 2010. As to income level, monthly average household income
of the whole Metro Manila in 1995 was P. 14, 467 while that of 2006 was P. 25, 916, which shows
80% of increase up to 2006. With regard to housing profile, concrete/brick/stone are widely used
as the outer wall of stiff housing units. The ratio of usage of these materials in the barangays along
the Pasig-Marikina River and in Metro Manila in 1995 was 40% and 30%, respectively while

143
those of Pasig, Quezon and Marikina City in 2007 was 49.7%, 55.3% and 57.0%, respectively.
This shows the increase of economic level is reflected the usage of housing material. Thus, these
evidences reflect recent economic growth of the Philippines and shows that the socio-economic
status has been gradually and steadily improved.
6.4.6 Water Use
(1) Current Status
a. Potable Water
The main source of household potable water supply for the three cities of Marikina, Pasig and
Quezon in the year 2010 is presented on Table 6.4.30. More than 70% of the households in each
city have access to individual home or communal water service of potable water supplied by a
utility service provider. This is followed by bottled water with the ratio of between 22 to 25 %.
Other water sources such as groundwater, spring water, lake water, rain, etc. for potable water is
limited to less than one (1) % each.
Table 6.4.30 Households by Source of Water Supply for Drinking
Marikina City Pasig City Quezon City
Source
Number % Number % Number %
Water Utility Own use faucet,
63,040 69.0 105,143 67.8 394,111 62.1
Service community water system
Shared faucet, community
6,397 7.0 11,712 7.6 66,268 10.4
water system
Groundwater Own use tubed / piped
243 0.3 343 0.2 1,608 0.3
deep well
Shared tubed /piped deep
210 0.2 338 0.2 2,602 0.4
well
Tubed / piped shallow
51 0.1 37 0.0 938 0.1
well
Dug well 20 0.0 33 0.0 481 0.1
Other natural Spring, lake, river, rain,
- - 6 - - -
source etc.
Others Delivered water 585 0.6 494 0.3 2,692 0.4
Bottled water 20,320 22.2 35,888 23.2 160,641 25.3
Others 547 0.6 976 0.6 5,005 0.8
Total Households 91,414 100.0 154,970 100.0 634,346 100.0
Note) Figures are based on 20-percent sample households. Details may not add up to total due to rounding off.
Source: National Statistics Office (NSO), 2010

The primary water source of Metro Manila including Marikina, Pasig and Quezon City comes
from collected stream flows into the Angat and Ipo Dams in Bulacan. The collected bulk water is
diverted to La Mesa Dam Reservoir for secondary storage and treatment. The treated water is
supplied to costumers in Metro Manila through the Manila Waterworks and Sewerage System
(MWSS).
The MWSS divided the Metro Manila area into two concession zones, the East Zone and West
Zone, by contracting to a private company for operation and utilities management. The West Zone
is managed by Manila Water Company Incorporated (MWCI), and the East Zone by Maynilad
Water Services Incorporated (MWSI). Marikina and Pasig City belong to the East Zone, where
MWCI exclusively provides the water utility services. Quezon City, on the other hand, is divided
into the West and East Zones given its large area, and MWCI and MWSI both provide water
utility services in their respective zones.
No water use case taken from the Marikina River is observed along the Project, Phase IV area for
potable water supply.
b. Water Use of the Marikina River
Only limited data is available on the use of Marikina River. In the three cities of Marikina, Pasig
and Quezon, no official records exist along Project, Phase IV area regarding the water use from
the Marikina River for domestic activities such as for laundry, vehicle washing, as well as for

144
watering to plants and gardens. Communications with some of local residents during site
reconnaissance of this survey did not identify any use of river water for such domestic purposes.
During the site reconnaissance, however, bathing and playing in the water were observed in
several places along the Marikina River as shown in the photos below.

Local people who washing clothes at the shore Children playing at the shore of the Marikina
of Marikina River River
The Marikina City declared under the City Zoning Ordinance Section 45 allowing access for
recreational purposes to the river area. Pasig City has a similar measure under Section 20 and 43
of his Zoning Ordinance. In Quezon City, however, no similar zoning ordinance exists for
recreational use in their jurisdictional section of the Marikina River.
c. Result of Interview with Local People
Results of perception survey conducted in the course of this environmental survey along the
Marikina River in Oct. 2014 indicate that only few people (3.3%) use river water, including such
water use as “taking river water for garden/irrigation,” “washing clothes,” “bathing in the river.”
(Ref. ANNEX-4)
(2) Evaluation of Updated Baseline Condition
There is no water use case for portable water supply taken from the Marikina River. Water use
for washing clothes and play ground was observed along the Marikina River during the site
reconnaissance of this survey.
Information on water use taken from/in the Marikina River was not included or discussed in detail
in the EIS (1998). Water use described in the EIS was the water source for drinking. The ratio of
usage of faucet (water supply system) of barangays along the Pasig-Marikina River and the Metro
Manila was 92% and 54% respectively. Ratio of well water use of these two areas was 5% and
41%, respectively. On the other hand, ratio of the usage of water supply system of Pasig, Quezon
and Marikina City in 2010 increased up to more than 70%, and well water use has decreased to
minimal (less than 1 %). But the usage of other type of source, bottled water for drinking, instead,
has increased up to more than 20%. Thus, the situation of water use has drastically improved and
at the same time, it was revealed that the feature of water source has been changed in recent years.
6.4.7 River Dependency
(1) Current Status
a. Fishing
Some of the local residents of Pasig and Marikina City were reported to enjoy fishing in the
Marikina River along the Phase IV area. Tilapia, mudfish, carp and catfish are reported to be
caught in the river (CLUP, Marikina City, 2001). Additionally others also reported the presence
of small shrimps, freshwater turtles and some freshwater shellfish. However, no official fish catch
data exists on record in any of the two cities or Quezon City. Site reconnaissance observations

145
indicate some fishing activities, such as subsistence and sport fishing as shown in the photos
below.

Subsistence fishing by local residents Local resident undertaking sport fishing using
onboard improvised rafts in the Marikina hook and line at the banks of the Marikina River.
River.

b. Farming

Most areas where the Project, Phase IV

is located were urbanized or built up,
with minimal to absent open area to
allow for any agricultural activities to
take place as shown in the photo below.
Among the three cities concerned, only
Marikina City maintains agricultural
strip, which are located at the area along
the Marikina River Park.
The agricultural strip was developed
based on Marikina City Ordinance
Section 37, 2000. It is leased to local Tañong agricultural strip along Marikina River
residents for subsistence farming, and managed by Marikina City Parks Development
the water for crops seems to be obtained Office and leased to local residents
from the Marikina River in addition to
rainfall. No data, however, is available
to determine the volume of water used
for watering to the agricultural strip.

c. Transportation
The Pasig River Rehabilitation Council (PRRC), together with the Marikina City and Eastwood
City Estates Association, Inc. (ECEA) previously made a memorandum of agreement in 2008 to
revive the Pasig River Ferry Service Project. This led to the construction of the terminals at
Eastwood City and Marikina River Park complementing the downstream Pasig River Terminals.
The ferry boat station locations are similarly proposed for Santolan (along Pasco Avenue) and
Rosario (along Ortigas Avenue). Operations are currently suspended, however, due to factors
such as poor passenger turnout, financial viability, and the depth of the river becoming too shallow
for commercial boats to navigate after the Tropical Storm Ondoy in Sep. 2009.
Private boat services plying the route between Marikina Bridge and Marikina Riverbanks were
observed during the site reconnaissance. Boats are also utilized to transport people across the river

146
between Barangay Santolan (Pasig City) and Camp Atienza (Quezon City). Small individual rafts
and boats are similarly observed to navigate through the river between Rosario Weir and Marikina
Bridge (photos below).

A boat transporting through the Marikina River Boats to transport people across the
observed near the Marikina Bridge. Marikina River between Barangay Santolan
(Pasig City) and Camp Atienza (Quezon
City)
d. Tourism
Only Marikina City has an existing tourism and park development program to improve their 220-
hectare section of the Marikina River under their jurisdiction. This was covered by a Zoning
Ordinance under Section 45 passed in 2001, providing a 96-meter no-build zone easement from
the Marikina River centerline. The existing Marikina River Park complemented by the Marikina
Riverbanks area provide amenities such as bike and jogging lanes along the river banks, floating
bridges, picnic/camping grounds, park and benches which cater to both resident and non-resident
visitors and tourists.

Marikina River Park, looking upstream. Marikina River Park, looking downstream.
Commercial establishments are located on the Amenities and markers are located at the open
left bank side. spaces on both river banks.
e. Result of Interview with Local People
Results of perception survey conducted in the course of this environmental survey along the
Marikina River in Oct. 2014 indicate that only few people (3.3%) depend on the river in daily life
while most of them (92.0%) answered they do not depend on the river. The way of dependence
includes “taking river water for garden/irrigation,” “washing clothes,” “bathing in the river,”
according to the survey (Ref. ANNEX-4).

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(2) Evaluation of Updated Baseline Condition
Several types of river dependency on and relation with the Marikina River between local residents
were recognized, including fishing, farming, transportation, and tourism.
Information on river dependency on the Marikina River was included in the EIS (1998) only
focusing on river navigation plying through the Pasig River ferry boats. The survey clarified the
current status of the several types of river dependency along the river stretch of Marikina River
and it can be the basis for impact assessment of social components.
6.4.8 Cultural and Historical Heritage
(1) Current Status
There is no historical and/or cultural heritage sites which are listed by the National Historical
Commission of the Philippines (NHCP), located within the Project, Phase IV section and its
vicinity. Table 6.4.31 lists the local cultural and historical heritage sites in the three cities located
within approx. 500 meters distance from the Marikina River in the Project, Phase IV area. These
sites include statues, gazebos, gardens, museums, performing arts or cultural venues, religious
sites, shrines and monuments, which are all presented in Figure 6.6.4.
Table 6.4.31 Local Heritage Sites Located near the Marikina River (Phase IV)
Category Name Location
Cultural Heritage Statues / Gazebos / Anchor Lady * Marikina City
Garden Big Shoes Marker* Marikina City
Chinese Gazebo* Marikina City
Roman Garden* Marikina City
Carabao Statues* Marikina City
Museum Shoe Museum* Marikina City
Performing Arts Center/ Marikina Riverbanks Amphitheater** Marikina City
Cultural Venue La Tora’s Garden Marikina City
Historical Heritage Church/ Religious Site Our Lady of Lourdes Grotto Marikina City
Jesus De La Peña Chapel Marikina City
Shrine Kapitan Moy’s Residence Marikina City
Monument Santolan Monument Pasig City
Note) *: Located at Marikina River Park area
**: Located at Marikina Riverbanks Center
Source: Pinoy Map, Metro Manila, 2009; Google Earth, 2014

In 2000, the Marikina River Park was established through the Marikina City Ordinance 303
(2000) as part of their linear park program. It is located along the Marikina River, extending from
the Marikina Bridge up to the Marikina Riverbanks Center on the right bank, and up to Marcos
Bridge on the left bank. Six of the heritage sites are located in this park and are described as
presented in this park and are described as follows: (1) Big Shoes Marker; (2) Anchor Lady Statue,
(3) Roman Garden; (4) Chinese Gazebo; (5) Shoe Museum and (6) Carabao Statues. The Marikina
Riverbanks Center, completed in 1999, is a mixed commercial center and recreational park area
located along the right riverbank, at immediately north of Marcos Bridge. The Marikina
Riverbanks Amphitheater is located in this the Marikina Riverbanks Center.
The other heritage sites are presented in order of location from north to south ends of Project
Phase IV: (1) Jesus De La Peña Chapel; (2) La Tora’s Garden; (3) Kapitan Moy’s Residence; (4)
Our Lady of Lourdes Grotto; and (5) Santolan Monument. All are located within the area of
Marikina City except for the Santolan Monument which is in Pasig City.
There are two important heritage sites in regional level; the Jesus De La Peña Chapel and Kapitan
Moy’s Residence. The Jesus De La Peña Chapel is both a historical and religious marker built to
commemorate the first mass in 1630 held in Marikina (National Historical Commission, 1970).
Reconstruction works on the old chapel was completed in 1988. Kapitan Moy’s Residence, on

148
the other hand, was the home of shoemaking pioneer Don Laureano “Kapitan Moy” Guevarra and
became Marikina’s first shoe factory in 1887 (Marikina Facts and Figures, 2013).

Source: Pinoy Map, Metro Manila, 2009; Google Earth, 2014

Figure 6.4.4 Location of Local Cultural and Historical Heritages within Phase IV Area

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(2) Evaluation of Updated Baseline Condition
Information on cultural and historical heritage sites was not included in the EIS (1998). The
development of the Marikina River Park through City Zoning Ordinance 303 (2000) of Marikina
City and the commercial development brought by the Marikina Riverbanks Center in their
respective locations introduced the new cultural heritage sites located along the banks of Marikina
River. The current status of the heritage sites has been clarified in this survey and it can be the
basis for impact assessment of social components.
6.4.9 Social Issues
(1) Current Status
a. Internal Community Conflicts
No documentation exists in the official records of the three cities regarding internal community
conflicts and disputes in any of their constituent barangays within the Project, Phase IV area.
Results of perception survey conducted in the course of this environmental survey along the
Marikina River in Oct. 2014 indicate that more than 40% of respondents have the perception that
there is no social issue such as gender discrimination, child abuse, agitation, possible infiltration
of radical groups into the community. At the same time, 38% of respondents answered there are
such social issues mentioned above, including other issues such as drug abuse, noise, criminality
and conflicts among neighbors (Ref. ANNEX-4).
b. Informal Settlers and Professional Squatters
The number of informal settler families living in the three LGUs is presented on Table 6.4.32.
Informal settlers typically occupy idle, public and private lands, easements, riverbanks,
waterways and even public infrastructures such as bridges. The number of informal settlers in
Quezon City in 2007 was recorded at 218,802 families, and Marikina City has recorded 729
informal settler families in 2012. Regarding Pasig City, there is no available data after 2000 in
the city’s official documents such as CLUP, City Profile, etc.
Table 6.4.32 Magnitude of Informal Settlers by Area Classification
Quezon City Marikina City
Area Classification
(2007) (2012)
[Link] Areas Waterways 10,262 208
Transmission Line 2,888 14
Dumpsite 767
Under the Bridge 711 -
2. Gov’t Infrastructure Road Right of Way 8,138 28
MWSS 2,898 21
3. Government Lands City-owned 5,181 120
National Gov’t Corporations 55,000 64
Other National Gov’t 23,424 244
Property
4. Priority Dev’t Area (APD) 14,595 -
5. Private Property 93,677 30
6. Open space 834 -
Total 218,375 729
Source: Urban Poor Affairs Office, Quezon City Socio-economic profile, 2010;
Marikina City Facts and Figures, 2012

Marikina City has developed 106 hectares for the resettlement of about 22,226 informal settlers
under the Community Mortgage Program (CMP). It curbed the proliferation of informal settlers
(squatters) due to city immigration in-migration, increasing commercialization of land,
subsequent high land values and unaffordable housing units for low-income earners (Marikina
City CLUP, 2002). The Quezon City, on the other hand, undertakes resettlement projects through
the Urban Poor Affairs Office (UPAO) with the implementation of Direct Sale Program (DSP)

150
and CMP. The Pasig City LGU has a similar CMP plan which aims to resettle the informal settlers
and reduce the increase in their population (Pasig City Profile, 2013).
In Project, Phase IV area, informal settlements exist mainly in the Bagumbayan and Santolan
areas, particularly along the banks of the Marikina River. The presence of professional squatters
(individuals or groups who are illegally occupying lands or have been previously awarded with
housing units but have sold, leased and transferred such housing unit to continue settling illegally
in the same land or another urban area) in these areas was indirectly mentioned by some of the
local residents during site reconnaissance (personal communication). Information regarding such
issue was not preferred to be openly discussed by local respondents to avoid negative feedback
or reprisal from personalities or families suspected of doing such activity.
c. Public Order and Safety
Public order and safety in Metro Manila is managed by the Philippine National Police (PNP)
National Capital Region Police Organization (NCRPO), of which jurisdiction is divided into five
major districts, namely: Quezon City Police District (QCPD); Eastern Police District (EPD),
Northern Police District (NPD), Southern Police District (SPD) and Manila Police District
(MPD). The Quezon City area is served by the QCPD, and the cities of Marikina and Pasig are
served by the EPD.
Fire protection and management in Metro Manila is likewise provided by the Bureau of Fire
Protection (BFP), divided into four key districts and a separate Fire District for Quezon City. The
cities of Marikina and Pasig are served by Fire District IV.
The standard police-population ratio for urbanized areas is ideally set at 1:500 (Marikina City
CLUP, 2000). This is, however, not attained due to large population size in each of the three cities
and not enough number of police recruits. All cities similarly exceed the acceptable standard
firemen-to-population ratio of 1:2000 as well as the standard firemen-to-land ratio of 1:4 [Link].
The Police and Fire stations located within one-kilometer distance from Project Phase IV area is
presented in Table 6.4.33. This presents the police/firefighting officers on duty who can respond
to any public disturbance or fire incidents that can occur in the area.
Table 6.4.33 Police and Fire Stations within One-km Distance from Phase IV Area
City Police Station Fire Station
Quezon 1) Quezon City Police District Station 8 (Project 4) - Tuazon 1) QC Fire Station III
City Street, Project 4, Quezon City - Marilag Fire Sub-station
- PCP1 – Libis/E. Rodriguez - Libis Fire Sub-station
- PCP2 – P. Tuazon
2) Quezon City Police District Station 9 (Anonas) - Anonas
Street, Project 2
- PCP1 – Aurora Boulevard corner Katipunan
3) Quezon City Police District Station 12 (Eastwood) – C5
Road cor. Orchard Road, Eastwood, Bagumbayan
Pasig City 1) Eastern Police District Station 2 – Pasig City 2) Fire District IV - Pasig Fire Station
- PCP11 – C. Raymundo St., Rosario - Santolan Fire Sub-station
- PCP12 – East Bank Rd., Manggahan Barangay Hall - Manggahan Fire Sub-station
- PCP13 – Evangelista St., Santolan - Rosario Fireboat Sub-station
- PCP14 – F. Mariano St., Santolan Barangay Hall
Marikina 1) Eastern Police District Station 1 – Marikina city 3) Fire District IV - Marikina Central
City - PCP1 – Calderon Street, Calumpang Fire Station
- PCP2 – Shoe Avenue, San Roque - Nangka Fire Sub-station
- PCP3 – Oriole Street, Sta. Elena - IVC Fire Sub-station
- PCP4 – Shoe Avenue, Sports Parks
- PCP6 – JP Rizal, Concepcion 1
- PCP11 – Riverside Ave., Barangay Jesus dela Peña
- PCP12 – Boni Avenue, Tañong
- PCP13 – Barangka Barangay Hall
- PCP14 – Maj. Dizon Street, Industrial Valley
Source: [Link]
Note: PCP – Police Community Precincts

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In Quezon City, the lack of police units is augmented by the Barangay Security and Development
Officers (BSDOS) who are tasked to maintain peace and order within the barangays and provide
rescue operations assistance and disaster prevention and mitigation (Quezon City Socio-
Economic Profile, 2010). In Marikina City, the Bantay Bayan is the barangay civilian volunteer
counterpart of Quezon City’s BSDOS. In addition, the RESCUE 161 response unit was
established to guarantee the arrival of emergency (fire, police or paramedic) services within 5
minutes upon call for assistance anywhere in Marikina City (Marikina City Facts and Figures,
2012). To augment the fire-fighting forces in Metro Manila, the BFP taps volunteer fire brigades
from the business sector and Filipino-Chinese Fire Brigades. In Pasig City, a community-oriented
public safety system was implemented to improve the relationship between the police personnel
and community residents in crime prevention and resolution (Pasig City Medium term
Development Plan, 2000). It is complemented by the participation of NGOs and socio-civic
groups that participate in peace and order campaign.
d. People’s Organizations
Survey on Basic Environmental and Social Consideration for Flood Management Plan in Metro
Manila (JICA, 2013) reported people’s organizations (POs) and Non-Government Organizations
(NOOs) which have opinions on resettlement plan for the Project, including the following:
a) Akbayan
b) Ugnayan ng mga Samahan para sa Alternatibong Pagbabago (USAP),
c) Bagong Alyandang Makabayan (Bayan) or New Patriotic Alliance,
d) Kilusang Mayo Uno, and
e) Anakbayan
Here, these are summarized supplemented by below including additional information based on
relevant web-sites (Kilusang Mayo Uno: [Link] Bayan:
[Link] Anakbayan [Link]
Akbayan:
This organization advocates a democratic, accountability and participatory governance, and
represents the sectors of youth, women, fishermen, farmers, elderly, teachers, gays and lesbians,
Muslims and workers. It has 2,000 chapters at different barangays across the country, and it
occupies three seats in the Philippine Congress. The organization was reported to have supported
the opposition of ISF communities against resettlement programs, as well as lobbying for a
moratorium on demolition (Gyros-Pacet, 2013).
USAP:
The Ugnayan ng Samahan para sa Alternatibong Pagbabago (USAP) is an Urban Poor
Organization accredited by the Presidential Commission on Urban Poor (PCUP). The PCUP was
tasked to assert genuine representation in the Local Housing Board and mandated by law to
formulate the Local Shelter Plan. In a statement during the Quezon City Mayoralty election
debate, it mentioned that the LGUs in NCR are not ready to comply with the stated policy of the
Joint Memorandum Circular (JMC) because the LGUs have no Comprehensive Shelter Plans
approved in the Local Development Plan that will provide necessary information like inventory
of possible on-site, in-city and near-city relocation site for ISFs (Gyros-Pacet, 2013).
Bayan:
The Bagong Alyansang Makabayan (Bayan) or New Patriotic Alliance is a national political
organization with similar organizational structure with Akbayan. It is comprised of multisectoral
groups with a slogan for the struggle for national and social liberation against imperialism,
feudalism and bureaucrat capitalism. In a public press statement, it mentions that the government
has not laid out a sustainable mass housing plan and continues to lag in meeting the massive

152
national housing backlog (Gyros-Pacet, 2013). They have also pointed out that the current
administration cannot assure the relocation of 195,000 families that will be removed from Metro
Manila waterways and Laguna de Bay, given that the national housing backlog in NCR is almost
1.08 million are in Metro Manila. It was also mentioned that many relocatees have left the
relocation sites due to lack of livelihood and essential services like water and electricity.
KMU:
The Kilusang Mayo Uno (KMU) is a political organization with party-list structure similar to
Akbayan and Bayan. It presents itself as an independent labor-centered organization in the
Philippines which promote genuine, militant and anti-imperialistic trade unionism. This
organization presented in a media statement that the existence of so-called illegal structures is not
one on the main reasons for flooding in metro manila. It was rather the lack of disaster
preparedness, excessive logging and mining activities, dam owners’ greed, failure to desilt
Laguna de Bay and other waterways, and unplanned urban development (Gyros-Pacet, 2013).
Anakbayan:
The Anakbayan is a party-list organization similar to Akbayan, with political agenda similar to
the KMU and Bayan. It represents itself as a comprehensive, national democratic mass
organization of the Filipino Youth, aiming for a National Democratic Struggle which seek to
realize true liberation for the country and the realization of the democratic rights of the people. In
a public news statement, the group cited the case of 3,000 ISFs demolished and relocated in
Kasiglahan Village, Montalban, Rizal. It mentioned the relocation area stood on a reclaimed river,
and a substandard dike failed following persistent rains which caused the water to rise at
unprecedented levels. It is against the funding for DPWH’s flood control and mitigation master
plan worth 352 billion pesos worth of taxpayer’s money to be used for violent demolitions and
evictions (Gyros-Pacet, 2013).
Result of Interview with Local People:
Results of perception survey conducted in the course of this environmental survey along the
Marikina River in Oct. 2014 indicate that 70 respondents (out of 399 in total), or 17.5 % are a
membership of any community organization. Of which, 17 respondents belongs to “Homeowner’s
Association,” a recognized organization of the people living inside a common subdivision. There
was no respondent who belongs to the aforementioned people’s organizations (POs) and/or Non-
Government Organizations (NGOs) which have opinions on resettlement plan for the Project.
(2) Evaluation of Updated Baseline Condition
Discussions on social issues within the Project, Phase IV area are not included in the EIS (1998).
In this survey, community conflict, informal settler, public order and safely, and people’s
organizations were surveyed and clarified the current status. These information and data can be
used as the basis for impact assessment of social components.
6.4.10 Religion and Worship
(1) Current Status
The population by religious affiliations among the cities of Marikina, Pasig and Quezon is
presented in Table 6.4.34. Christianity is practiced by more or less 95% of population in the three
cities. Within the Christian religion, the Roman Catholic denomination is the dominant form of
worship, accounting for 87.90 to 90.96% of the population in the three cities. Other religious
minorities with relatively big representations include the Iglesia ni Cristo, the Protestants and
Born Again groups.

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 Table 6.4.34 Population by Religion in Pasig, Marikina and Quezon City
Marikina (2000) Pasig City (2000) Quezon City (2000)
Religious Affiliation
Total Raito (%) Total Raito (%) Total Raito (%)
Christian Roman Catholic 347,046 89.04 458,175 90.96 1,904,222 87.90
Iglesia ni Cristo 11,143 2.86 13,144 2.61 78,924 3.64
Born Again Christian - - - - 23,229 1.07
Protestants / Methodists / 6,485 1.66 7,347 1.46 39,528 1.83
Baptists / Pentecost
Aglipay 3,470 0.89 578 0.11 - -
Subtotal 368,144 94.45 479,244 95.14 2,045,903 94.44
Islam 862 0.22 2,464 0.49 - -
Others* 18,007 4.62 16,428 3.26 81,697 3.77
Unknown 2,470 0.63 5,348 1.06 37,497 1.73
None 182 0.05 196 0.04 1,223 0.06
Total 389,765 100 503,680 100 2,166,320 100
Note) *: Others include Buddhism and Hindu, etc., -: No available data.
Source: National Statistics Office (NSO) 2000

Table 6.4.35 and 6.4.36 present the population by religion in each of the barangays of Pasig City
and Marikina City, respectively. Quezon City does not have similar information for the barangays
within the Project, Phase IV area.
In the barangays of Pasig City, the Roman Catholic religion is dominant, consisting of 87.55% in
Rosario and 89.59% in Santolan. It has, however, a lower percentage in Manggahan, accounting
for 83.11% of the barangay population. In Marikina City, Roman Catholic is similarly dominant
in all of the barangays. Santo Niño has a lower percentage at 87.82% of the barangay population,
whereas in all other Barangays, Roman Catholic consists of more than 90% of their respective
populations.
Table 6.4.35 Population by Religion by Barangay in Phase IV Area (Pasig City)
Religion Santolan Manggahan Rosario Total
24,335 61,429 28,688 114,452
Roman Catholic
89.59% 83.11% 87.55% 85.52%
683 1,836 993 3,512
Iglesia ni Cristo
2.51% 2.48% 3.03% 2.62%
21 274 87 382
Islam
0.08% 0.37% 0.27% 0.29%
970 4,652 1,400 7,022
Born again
3.57% 6.29% 4.27% 5.25%
Others (Buddhism, Hindu, 1,154 5,718 1,598 8,470
etc.) 4.25% 7.74% 4.88% 6.33%
Total 27,163 73,909 32,766 133,838
Source: Pasig Research Center, 2014

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 Table 6.4.36 Population by Religion by Barangay in Phase IV Area (Marikina City)
Jesus dela San Sta Sto Industrial
Religion Barangka Calumpang Tañong Total
Peña Roque Elena Niño Valley
14,402 10,152 5,849 11,520 3,980 19,212 4,851 10,692 80,658
Roman
Catholic 92.71% 94.03% 91.84% 94.11% 92.41% 87.82% 91.88% 91.82% 91.61%
162 36 62 49 20 109 73 80 591
Protestant 1.04% 0.33% 0.97% 0.40% 0.46% 0.50% 1.38% 0.69% 0.68%
206 227 48 132 40 754 28 153 1,588
Iglesia ni
Cristo 1.33% 2.10% 0.75% 1.08% 0.93% 3.45% 0.53% 1.31% 1.80%
18 8 80 14 34 396 5 19 574
Aglipay 0.12% 0.07% 1.26% 0.11% 0.79% 1.81% 0.09% 0.15% 0.65%
107 3 28 11 62 68 22 10 311
Islam 0.69% 0.03% 0.44% 0.09% 1.44% 0.31% 0.42% 0.09% 0.35%
477 336 214 420 98 1,038 239 527 3,349
Born
again 3.07% 3.11% 3.36% 3.43% 2.28% 4.75% 4.53% 4.53% 3.80%
6 0 19 1 8 40 7 27 108
Mormons 0.04% 0% 0.30% 0.01% 0.18% 0.18% 0.13% 0.23% 0.12%
38 12 20 12 3 81 18 55 239
Jehovah's
witness 0.24% 0.11% 0.31% 0.10% 0.07% 0.37% 0.34% 0.47% 0.27%
35 5 6 6 7 16 16 1 92
7th-day
adventists 0.23% 0.05% 0.09% 0.05% 0.16% 0.07% 0.30% 0.01% 0.10%
Others
83 19 43 76 33 161 20 81 516
(Buddhist,
Hindi,
etc.) 0.53% 0.18% 0.68% 0.62% 0.77% 0.74% 0.38% 0.70% 0.59%
None 0 0 0 0 22 0 1 0 23
0% 0% 0% 0% 0.51% 0% 0.02% 0% 0.03%
Total 15,534 10,798 6,369 12,241 4,307 21,875 5,280 11,645 88,049
Source: Community Based Monitoring System (CBMS), Marikina City, 2012

The Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage, also known as Lady of Antipolo and Virgin of
Antipolo, is a 17th Century Roman Catholic statue of the Virgin Mary venerated by Filipino
Roman Catholics and currently enshrined at the Antipolo Cathedral in Rizal Province (CBCP
Online, 2014). This image was reported to have made historic passages along the Marikina River
during religious processions from Intramuros in Manila up to the Antipolo Cathedral until 1926
(Pasig City Profile, 2013). After World War II until modern times, however, no special activity
related to any religious belief has been taking place along the Marikina River.

Results of perception survey conducted in the course of this environmental survey along the
Marikina River in Oct. 2014 indicate that the Roman Catholic dominated 83.7% among the
respondents followed by Iglesia Ni Cristo (7.3%). Other Christian organization accounted 8.5%.
Muslim and Buddhism are only one respondent each and there are none for Hinduism (Ref.
ANNEX-4).
(2) Evaluation of Updated Baseline Condition
Information on the status of religion and worship affiliations is not discussed in the EIS (1998).
Based on the latest available information such as the document of National Statistics Office
(NSO), the latest CLUPs of Pasig and Quezon City, Community Based Monitoring System
(CBMS), Marikina City, the population by religious affiliations within the Project, Phase IV area
was clarified in this survey as described above.

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6.4.11 Public Health and Infectious Diseases including HIV/AIDS
(1) Current Status
a. Hospital and Health Center
The three cities binding the Project, Phase IV area have different number of hospitals and health
centers as shown in Table 6.4.37. It shows that Quezon City has the most number of hospitals
followed by Pasig City and Marikina City while its number per 100,000 of population is more or
less 2.0 in each LGU. Regarding the health center, Quezon City has the most number followed
by Pasig City and Marikina City while its number per 100,000 of population is vice versa.
Table 6.4.37 Hospital and Health Center by LGU in Phase IV area
Hospital Health Center
Population
LGU Nos. / 100,000 Nos. / 100,000
(2010) Total Number. Total Number.
persons persons
Quezon City 2,761,720 57 2.06 54 1.96
Pasig City 669,773 13 1.94 38 5.67
Marikina City 424,150 9 2.12 26 6.13
Source: NSO (2010), Quezon City CLUP (2010), Pasig City CLUP (2009), Marikina City CLUP (2000)

b. Morbidity and Mortality in the Philippines and Three Cities

Table 6.4.38 to 6.4.41 presents the leading cases of morbidity and mortality in the Philippines and
three cities. On the national level, heart disease is constantly the leading cause of mortality
followed by vascular system disease, malignant neoplasm (cancer) and finally by pneumonia
(Philippine Health Statistics, 2010). Meanwhile, the leading cause of morbidity is the acute
respiratory infection followed by the acute lower respiratory tract infection and pneumonia and
the bronchitis or bronchiolitis.
On the local level in LGUs binding the Project area, the leading causes of mortality include
pneumonia, cancer, hypertensive vascular disease, and heart disease, etc. Meanwhile, those of
morbidity include pneumonia, acute gastro enteritis/diarrhea hypertension, acute upper
respiratory tract infection, and tuberculosis, etc.
Table 6.4.38 Morbidity and Mortality Cases in the Philippines
Morbidity Mortality
Ratio Ratio
Causes Number (cases/100,000 Causes Number (cases/100,000
people) people)
Acute Respiratory Infection 1,289,168 1,371.3 Diseases of the heart 102,936 109.5
Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Diseases of the vascular 72.9
586,186 623.5 68,553
Infection and Pneumonia system
Bronchitis/Bronchiolitis 351,126 373.5 Malignant neoplasms 49,817 53.0
Hypertension 345,412 367.4 Pneumonia 45,591 48.5
Acute Watery Diarrhea 326,551 347.3 Accidents 36,329 38.6
Influenza 272,001 289.3 Tuberculosis, all forms 24,714 26.3
Chronic lower respiratory 24.3
Urinary Tract Infection 83,569 88.9 22,877
diseases
TB Respiratory 72,516 77.1 Diabetes mellitus 21,512 22.9
Nephritis, nephrotic 14.9
Injuries 51,201 54.5 14,048
syndrome and nephrosis
Certain conditions 12.9
Diseases of the Heart 37,589 40.0 originating in the perinatal 12,086
period
Source: Philippine Health Statistic, 2010

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 Table 6.4.39 Morbidity and Mortality Cases in Quezon City
Morbidity Mortality
Ratio Ratio
Causes Number (cases/100,000 Causes Number (cases/100,000
people) people)
Pneumonia 25,880 1,149 Pneumonia 2,732 121
Acute Gastro Cancer 1,426 63
14,564 647
Enteritis/Diarrhea
Ischemic Heart 1,360 60
Pulmonary Tuberculosis 4,854 216
Disease/Myocardial Infarction
Upper Respiratory Tract Cardio Vascular accidents 1,148 51
- 142
Infections
Bronchitis - 82 Accidents 803 36
Hypertension - 44 Pulmonary Tuberculosis 753 33
Cardiovascular Disease - 27 Heart Disease 703 31
Measles - 26 Hypertension 544 24
Influenza - 26 Septicemia/ Sepsis 524 23
Dengue/Hemorrhagic Fever - 25 Diabetes Mellitus 466 21
-: No data available
Source: Quezon City CLUP, 2010

Table 6.4.40 Morbidity and Mortality Cases in Pasig City

Morbidity Mortality
Ratio Ratio
Causes Number (cases/100,000 Causes Number (cases/100,000
people) people)
Acute Upper Respiratory Acute Myocardial Infarction 532 92.0
60,320 10,375
Tract Infection (AMI)
Hypertensive Vascular 462 79.4
Acute Gastroenteritis (AGE) 6,648 1,143
Disease (HCVD)
Bronchitis <15 years old 5,789 - Pneumonia 355 61.0
Acute Tonsillo Pharyngitis Cancer 337 57.9
4,745 816
(ATP)
Hypertension 4,708 810 Pulmonary Tuberculosis 287 49.36
Systemic Viral Infection 3,673 632 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) 225 38.7
Animal Bite 3,625 624 Accidents 127 21.8
Pneumonia 2,792 480 Septicemia 108 18.5
Urinary Tract Infection 2,470 425 Acute Renal Failure 72 12.3
Influenza 2,352 405 Liver Cirrhosis 59 10.1
-: No data available
Source: Pasig City CLUP, 2009

Table 6.4.41 Morbidity and Mortality Cases in Marikina City

Morbidity Mortality
Ratio Ratio
Causes Number (cases/1,000 Causes Number (cases/1,000
people) people)
Pneumonia 5,771 14.5 Cardiovascular Disease 210 0.53
Diarrhea 3,183 8.0 Pneumonia 199 0.50
Hypertension 3,071 7.7 Hypertension 148 0.37
Influenza 1,725 0.4 Cancer 120 0.30
Bronchitis 1,385 3.5 PTB 85 0.21
Skin Disease 1,229 3.0 Fetal Death 49 0.12
PTB 975 2.5 Neonatal Death 58 0.15
Dog bite 571 1.4 Kidney Diseases 34 0.08
Intestinal Parasitism 612 1.5 Heart Diseases 27 0.07
Static Asthmatic 362 0.9 Diabetes 35 0.09
Source: Marikina City CLUP, 2000

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a. Sexual Transmitted Diseases including HIV/AIDS
According to the World Health Organization (2013), Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) are
transmitted mainly through sexual contact including skin-to-skin sexual contact, through
pregnancy, etc. STDs are caused by more than 30 different viruses, parasites and bacteria.
Currently, only four identified infections have cure such as syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia and
trichomoniasis.
Table 6.4.42 summarizes the cases of STD in the Philippines per type of infection in 2013. A
person infected with STD usually increases the risk of acquiring of HIV by three-fold or more.
Unfortunately, in the Philippines, monitoring on the cases of STDs is weak and the data available
is still on nationwide level. The types of infections being monitored in the Philippines are
Gonorrhea, Non Gonococal Infection, Trichomoniasis, Syphilis, Bacterial Vaginosis, Warts and
Herpes where about 28,379 cases were reported.
Table 6.4.42 STD Cases in the Philippines (2013)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Total Tested Total Cases Total Treated
(STDs)
Gonorrhea 155,701 2,436
Non Gonococal Infection 109,040 17,924
Trichomoniasis 142,692 811
Syphilis 29,697 223
38,095
Bacterial Vaginosis 147,628 6,551
Warts - 373
Herpes - 61
Total 584,758 28,379
Note) -: No available data for the number of treated of each infection
Source: DOH, 2014
Table 6.4.43 to 6.4.45 presents the summary of the occurrences of HIV/AIDS in the four localities
of the project area. According to the Department of Health (DOH) – National Epidemiology
Center (2014), from 1984 to 2014, the National Capital Region (NCR) has been recorded with
9,470 HIV and AIDS (including asymptomatic) cases where 1,853 of infected individuals was
recorded from January to September 2014.
A total of 2,204 individuals, or 23.27% of the total case in NCR are accounted in Quezon City.
The highest occurrence of the case are found in people within age group of 25-34 years old
(52.45%) and 15-24 years old (25.16%) while most of the affected people are male (96.50%).
Pasig City account for 620 individuals, or 6.55% of the total number of cases in NCR. Out of
which, 52.26% of the cases occur between the age group of 25-34 years old and 29.03% from the
age group of 15-24 years old. The male population dominates the figure with about 97.10%.
In Marikina City, 331 individuals, or 3.50% of the total number of cases in NCR are recorded
since 1984. Similar to the other two cities, number of infected male population are higher
(95.17%) compared to female population (4.83%). It was also found that the highest contributor
of the cases came from the population with the age group of 25-34 years old (55.89%) and 15-24
years old (29.31%).
Table 6.4.43 Occurrence of HIV/AIDS by City in Phase IV Area
HIV/AIDS Cases
Local Government 2014 (January to September) 1984 to Present
Unit (LGU) Total Percent Total Percent
AIDS Asymptomatic AIDS Asymptomatic
cases Share (%) cases Share (%)
NCR 149 1,704 1,853 - 703 8,767 9,470 -
Quezon City 41 390 431 23.26 156 2,048 2,204* 23.27
Pasig City 4 144 148 7.99 29 591 620 6.55
Marikina City 8 63 71 3.78 25 306 331 3.50

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 Note) *: This figure is not harmonized among the tables in the original data source.
Source: Department of Health (DOH), 2014
Table 6.4.44 Gender Distribution with HIV/AIDS Infection
2014 (January to September) 1984 to Present
LGU Male Female Total Male Female Total
No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %
Quezon City 426 98.84 5 1.16 431 100 2,126 96.50 77 3.50 2,203* 100
Pasig City 145 97.97 3 2.03 148 100 602 97.10 18 2.90 620 100
Marikina City 69 97.18 2 2.82 71 100 315 95.17 16 4.83 331 100
Note) *: This figure is not harmonized among the tables in the original data source.
Source: Department of Health (DOH), 2014
Table 6.4.45 HIV/AIDS Cases per Age Group, 1984-Present
Quezon City Pasig City Marikina City
Age Group
No. % No. % No. %
<15 4 0.18 1 0.16 0 0.00
15-24 554 25.16 180 29.03 97 29.31
25-34 1,155 52.45 324 52.26 185 55.89
35-49 421 19.12 105 16.94 45 13.60
50 & older 68 3.01 10 1.61 4 1.21
Total 2,202* 100.00 620 100.00 331 100.00
Note) *: This figure is not harmonized among the tables in the original data source.
Source: Department of Health (DOH), 2014

(2) Evaluation of Updated Baseline Condition

Discussion on public health in the EIS (1998) was made only on mortality. The leading causes at
that time include pneumonia, cancer and vascular disease. In this survey, morbidity was also
surveyed. In addition, status of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) including HIV/AIDS is
surveyed as well. These information and data can be used as the basis for impact assessment of
social components.

6.4.12 Gender, Vulnerable People and Rights of Children

(1) Current Status
a. General Situation in the Whole Country
Gender Features: The Philippines ratified the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination
against Women (CADAW) in 1980. The Philippine Constitution of 1987 stipulates that the State
recognizes the role of women in nation-building and shall ensure the fundamental equality before
the law of women and men. The Philippines is one of the countries that the gender related index
is high in Southeast Asian nations. For instance, the Gender Empowerment Index (GEM) of the
Philippines is ranked 45th in the 177 countries, whereas the Human Development Index (HDI) is
still 90th of the world. The women exceed the man in several indexes such as the projected life
expectancy at birth and basic literacy rate.
Though the gender index is averagely excellent in the entire country, the situation of gender
consciousness and the status of women are totally different between income classes. The women
in the upper-income class tend to free from the women's traditional roles, whereas the women in
the low-income class tend to engage in the women's traditional roles such as housework and child
care. Moreover, recently the proportion of women of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) is
increasing that account for about half of them. This means that women's role is shifting from a
traditional housewife to income provider to support their family. Many OFW women were

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reported to suffer the difficulty like a psychological stress that they have to work abroad for many
years without their family or human-rights abuse in the workplace.
Vulnerable People: Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan 2004-2010 cites a growing
number of vulnerable groups in the country who are continuously threatened and marginalized by
social, economic and environmental pressures as well as by natural disasters and economic shocks.
Social vulnerable groups include women in especially difficult circumstances, children in need of
social protection, disadvantaged youth, persons with disabilities, older persons, workers in the
informal sector, indigenous peoples and upland settlers, dysfunctional families, victims of
disasters and calamities, landless farmers/rural workers/farm workers, etc. However, there are no
accurate statistical data of them, the Department of Health (DOH) in its National Objectives for
Health Philippines 2005-2010, enumerated some of the vulnerable population groups in the
Philippines using the defining characteristics of age, sex, ethnicity and location. It can be found
that there are a large number of children (>20 million) and woman (> 23 million) who are
vulnerable. Moreover, socially vulnerable groups are the population groups more vulnerable to
disease because of one or a combination of factors other than poverty: stage of physiologic
development, socio-cultural behavioral patterns and lack of access to mainstream health services.
Issues of Children: The continuation of a high level of poverty and lack of access to quality
education tend to perpetuate the problem of child labor in the Philippines in hazardous types of
employment. Many of these children work in conditions that are extremely unfavorable to their
development and detrimental to their health. Out of 24.9 million of children population, four
million (16.2%) of these children were economically active in October 2001. Of which, more than
two-thirds (69.8%) of the working children were found in the rural areas (Website of ILO-
SEAPAT (South-East Asia and the Pacific Multidisciplinary Advisory Team).
a. Results of Interview with Local People
Results of perception survey conducted in the course of this environmental survey along the
Marikina River in Oct. 2014 indicate that 29.5% of respondents (among 399 nos. in total) are
woman-headed households in the surveyed area. Among the surveyed barangays Santolan and
Jesus Dela Peña accounted for relatively high percentage (more than 36%) of woman-headed
households. The survey results also indicated that 5.5% of respondents answered there are such
social issues as gender discrimination, child abuse in the survey area (Ref. ANNEX-4).
(2) Evaluation of Updated Baseline Condition
Discussions on social issues within Project area are not included in the EIS (1998). In this survey,
gender features, vulnerable people and issues of children were surveyed, and the current status
was clarified. These information and data can be used as the basis for impact assessment of social
components.
6.4.13 Ethnic Minority and Indigenous People
(1) Current Status
a. Information on Ethnicity
Population by ethnicity in the cities of Marikina, Pasig and Quezon is presented in Table 6.4.46.
Available information on ethnicity is varied among the three cities: Marikina City provides more
detail information while both Pasig and Quezon City provides only limited one as shown in the
table.
Tagalog is the dominant ethnicity, accounting for 65.36% (Quezon City), 71.39% (Marikina City)
and 74.94% (Pasig City) of the population in each LGU. Among the other ethnicities having
relatively large percentage include the Bicolano, Bisaya/Binisaya, and Ilocano. These account for
2 to 7 % in each city.
Metro Manila is a part of the Tagalog Region of Southern Luzon, and the three cities are therefore
part of this original ethnic group. Non-Tagalog populations are considered immigrants that have

160
assimilated to the dominant ethnicity, but retain some or all of their original culture, as well as the
ability to speak their original language.
Table 6.4.46 Population by Ethnicity in Pasig, Marikina and Quezon City
Marikina City (2000) Pasig City (2000) Quezon City (2000)
Ethnicity
Total Ratio (%) Total Ratio (%) Total Ratio (%)
Tagalog 278,266 71.39 377,471 74.94 1,415,874 65.36
Ilocano 15,289 3.92 13,668 2.71 112,258 5.18
Cebuano 7,603 1.95 - - 68,573 3.17
Bicolano 26,392 6.77 24,678 4.90 108,293 5.00
Bisaya / Binisaya 15,779 4.05 20,077 3.99 94,225 4.35
Ilonggo 9,668 2.48 12,891 2.56 - -
Kapampangan 4,756 1.22 - - - -
Waray 9,175 2.35 - - - -
Pangasinan 6,470 1.66 - - - -
Masbateño 2,823 0.72 - - - -
Others* 9,576 2.48 46,837 9.30 279,098 12.88
Foreign 102 0.03 1,419 0.28 - -
Not reported 3,865 0.99 6,709 1.33 87,999 4.06
Total 389,764 100 503,680 100 2,166,320 100
Note) -: No available data.
*: Others in Pasig and Quezon City include data regarding other ethnicities presented in the
table (such as Ilonggo, Kapampangan, etc.)
Source: National Statistics Office (NSO), 2000

b. Indigenous People
Regarding the Indigenous Peoples (IPs), the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (NCIP)
does not provide information regarding IPs residing within Metro Manila and in particular the
three cities bound by the Project, Phase IV. Thus, no accounts of IPs representing the original
inhabitants among the three cities have been recorded. In addition, no ancestral domains exist in
any of the cities of Pasig, Marikina and Quezon according to NCIP.
c. Result of Interview with Local People
Results of perception survey conducted in the course of this environmental survey along the
Marikina River in Oct. 2014 indicate that 76.4 % of respondents answered Tagalog as their
original ethnicity, followed by Bisaya (6.0%), Bicolano (5.8%), and Ilocano (4.0%) (Ref.
ANNEX-4).
(2) Evaluation of Updated Baseline Condition
Information with regards to ethnicity and IPs were not presented or discussed in the EIS (1998).
The survey results clarified that there is no ethnic minority or indigenous people (IPs) in the
Project, Phase IV area. No ancestral domain areas are located in the Project area, either.
Under the new PEISS, the documentation of IPs is required for a project located in the areas of
ancestral domain determined by the NCIP. This documentation together with the whole the EIS
will be provided to the NCIP for review and consideration prior to the issuance of Free Prior
Informed Consent (FPIC) document. No specific conditions are required in the documentation of
IPs, on the contrary, in case that a project is located outside the ancestral domain areas. Since no
ancestral domains exist in any of the cities of Pasig, Marikina and Quezon, the Project, Phase IV
is exempted from this condition.
6.4.14 Perception of Local People for PMRCIP
(1) Method of the Perception Survey
An interview survey was conducted using questionnaire with local residents living along the
Marikina River which often generates flood disaster. The target areas of the interview survey were
the barangays which experienced the flood during Tropical Storm Ondoy in September 2009
located along the Middle and Upper Marikina River, which are the sections of the Project, Phase
IV and V, respectively. The details of the survey method are presented in ANNEX-4.

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The number of interviewee, or respondents, was 399, which originally planned at 400 but there
was one missing case because of the incomplete/inadequate answer form the one respondent.
Table 6.4.47 shows the number of respondents by barangay and Project phase.
Table 6.4.47 Number of the Respondents by Barangay and by Project Phase
Surveyed Area No. of Respondents
No.
Barangay City/ Municipality By Barangay By Project Phase
No.1 Banaba Municipality of San Mateo 30
No.2 Nangka 19 Phase V: 229
No.3 Tumana 60
No.4 Malanday Marikina City 120
No.5 Tañon 20
No.6 Jesus De La Peña 30
Phase IV: 170
No.7 Santolan Pasig City 100
No.8 Bagumbayan Quezon City 20
Total - - 399* 399*
Note) *: Intending the total respondents as 400 at the beginning of the survey.
(2) Results of the Survey
Among the results of the survey, the perception for the Project is summarized as follows. The
details of the whole survey are presented in ANNEX-4.
a. Awareness of the Project
About 44% of respondents are aware of the Project composed of “Aware” and “Slightly Aware”
of the Project while more than half (52.9%) are “Not Aware” of the Project. Among the Phase IV
and V areas, the ratio of awareness is slightly higher in Phase V area.
Table 6.4.48 Awareness of the Project
Awareness of PMRCIP Phase IV % Phase V % Total %
Aware 53 31.2 89 38.9 142 35.6
Slightly Aware 15 8.8 18 7.9 33 8.3
Not Aware 92 54.1 119 52.0 211 52.9
No Response 10 5.9 3 1.3 13 3.3
TOTAL 170 100.0 229 100.0 399 100.0

b. Source of Information about the Project

As a source of information about the Project, Government/Barangay Officials and Radio/ TV/
Newspaper are equally dominant (53.1% each) in total, followed by Neighbors/Relatives (33.1%),
and Barangay Meetings/Consultation (12.6%). Among the Phase IV and V areas, the ratios of
Government/Barangay Officials and Neighbors/Relatives are higher in Phase IV area while the
ratio of Radio/ TV/ Newspaper is higher in Phase V area.

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 Table 6.4.49 Source of Information about the Project
Source of Information about
Phase IV %* Phase V %* Total %*
Project
Government/Barangay Officials 39 57.4 54 50.5 93 53.1
Neighbors/Relatives 27 39.7 31 29.0 58 33.1
DPWH Officials 1 1.5 8 7.5 9 5.1
Radio/TV/Newspapers 33 48.5 60 56.1 93 53.1
Barangay meetings/consultation 7 10.3 15 14.0 22 12.6
Surveys and research 4 5.9 17 15.9 21 12.0
Bulletin Boards/Poster/Flyer 0 0.0 2 1.9 2 1.1
Others 1 1.5 0 0.0 1 0.6
No Response 3 4.4 2 1.9 5 2.9
TOTAL 115 - 189 - 304 -
Note) *: Percentage reflects the ones divided by the number of respondents who answered “Aware” or
“Slightly Aware” of the Project in the previous question.

c. Perception on Positive or Negative Effects of the Project

Regarding perception on the positive effect of the Project, Less Flooding is the most (49.4%) in
total, followed by Progress in the City (39.3%), and Clearer Surroundings (32.3%). Among the
Phase IV and V areas, Progress in the City is much higher in Phase V.
Table 6.4.50 Positive Effects of the Project
Positive Effects of PMRCIP Phase IV %* Phase V %* Total %*
Creation of jobs and livelihood
5 2.9 16 7.0 21 5.3
opportunities
Progress in the city 55 32.4 102 44.5 157 39.3
Opportunities for local vendors
32 18.8 38 16.6 70 17.5
and businesses
Less flooding in our area 82 48.2 115 50.2 197 49.4
Cleaner surroundings 55 32.4 74 32.3 129 32.3
Improved river water quality 28 16.5 49 21.4 77 19.3
Better aesthetics around the river 14 8.2 21 9.2 35 8.8
I don’t know 21 12.4 35 15.3 56 14.0
No Response 15 8.8 11 4.8 26 6.5
TOTAL 307 - 461 - 768 -
Note) *: Percentage reflects the ones divided by the number of respondents in Phase IV (170), Phase V
(229) or the total (399).

Regarding the negative effect of the Project, on the other hand, Loss of Property is dominant
(55.1%) in total, followed by Loss of Plants/ Natural Habitat (15.8%) and Loss of Jobs or
Livelihood (10.0%). Among the Phase IV and V areas, Percentages of environment related items
such as Loss of Plants/ Natural Habitat, Water Pollution and Air Pollution are higher in Phase V,
supposedly because nature is much remained along the Phase V Section and the local residents
are more conscious about the environmental conservation.
Table 6.4.51 Negative Effects of the Project
Negative Effects of PMRCIP Phase IV % Phase V % Total %*
Loss of property 91 53.5 129 56.3 220 55.1
Air pollution 5 2.9 18 7.9 23 5.8
Water pollution 4 2.4 22 9.6 26 6.5
Loss of plants/ natural habitats 15 8.8 48 21.0 63 15.8
Increase in traffic congestion 4 2.4 15 6.6 19 4.8

163
 Negative Effects of PMRCIP Phase IV % Phase V % Total %*
Loss of jobs or livelihood 15 8.8 25 10.9 40 10.0
Noise pollution 0 0.0 1 0.4 1 0.3
I don’t know 29 17.1 41 17.9 70 17.5
Others 3 1.8 0 0.0 3 0.8
No Response 37 21.8 38 16.6 75 18.8
TOTAL 203 - 337 - 540 -
Note) *: Percentage reflects the ones divided by the number of respondents in Phase IV (170), Phase V
(229) or the total (399).

d. Benefits of the Project to the Community

Regarding perception on the benefits of the Project to the community, Lessen Flood Incidents and
Impacts is the most (24.8%) in total, followed by Improve the River Flow (19.3%) and Project
will Benefit Everybody (10.5%). Among the Phase IV and V areas, Lessen Flood Incidents and
Impacts is much higher in Phase IV area while Project will Benefit Everybody is much higher in
Phase V area.
Table 6.4.52 Benefits of the Project to the Community
How can the Project help the LGU
Phase IV % Phase V % Total %
and its Residents
Improve flow of River / Widening the
channel / Increasing the Depth of the 32 18.8 45 19.7 77 19.3
River
Lessen Flood Incidents and Impacts 56 32.9 43 18.8 99 24.8
Resettle People living along the River 11 6.5 18 7.9 29 7.3
Increase Business Opportunities 1 0.6 7 3.1 8 2.0
Improve Transportation 2 1.2 0 0.0 2 0.5
Improve Drainage 9 5.3 12 5.2 21 5.3
Coordinate with Barangay 4 2.4 0 0.0 4 1.0
Project will benefit everybody 5 2.9 37 16.2 42 10.5
Use of River for Recreational
1 0.6 2 0.9 3 0.8
purposes
Clean Surroundings 7 4.1 12 5.2 19 4.8
Provide Information on Floods,
6 3.5 0 0.0 6 1.5
impacts and warning signs
Livelihood Projects 7 4.1 1 0.4 8 2.0
I don't know 10 5.9 39 17.0 49 12.3
No Response 19 11.2 13 5.7 32 8.0
TOTAL 170 100.0 229 100.0 399 100.0

e. If Supporting for the Project

Most of respondents (78.2%) presented Supporting for the Project, while 17.3% answered Not
Supporting for the Project. Among the Phase IV and V areas, the ratio for Supporting for the
Project is slightly higher in Phase V but at the same time, the ratio of Not Supporting for the
Project is also slightly higher in Phase V.

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 Table 6.4.53 If Support for the Project
Support for the Project Phase IV % Phase V % Total %
Yes 130 76.5 182 79.5 312 78.2
No 28 16.5 41 17.9 69 17.3
Neutral 10 5.9 4 1.7 14 3.5
No Response 2 1.2 2 0.9 4 1.0
TOTAL 170 100.0 229 100.0 399 100.0

c. Reason for Supporting / Non-supporting for the Project

As the reason for supporting for the Project, Resolve Flooding Issue is the most (79.8%) in total,
followed by Improve Civil Facilities along the River (34.6%), and Pollution will be Reduced in
the Area (34.3%). Among the Phase IV and V areas, the ratio for Pollution will be Reduced,
Improve Civil Facilities and Encourage Business and Jobs are slightly higher in Phase IV.
Table 6.4.54 Reason for Supporting for the Project
Reason for Supporting the Project Phase IV % Phase V % Total %
Resolve flooding Issue 104 80.0 145 79.7 249 79.8
Improve civil facilities (roads,
47 36.2 61 33.5 108 34.6
walkways) along the river
Encourage business and jobs in the area 20 15.4 21 11.5 41 13.1
Pollution will be reduced in the river 48 36.9 59 32.4 107 34.3
Others 1 0.8 6 3.3 7 2.2
No Response 1 0.8 2 1.1 3 1.0
TOTAL 221 - 294 - 515 -
Note) *: Percentage reflects the ones divided by the number of respondents who answered “Yes” in the
previous question.

As the reason for not supporting for the Project, Loss of Property of PAPs is the most (36.2%) in
total, followed by Loss of Jobs/ Livelihood Problems for PAPs (18.8%) and Necessity of
Resettlement (11.6%). Among the Phase IV and V areas, the ratio of Loss of Jobs/ Livelihood
Problems for PAPs is much higher in Phases IV while Loss of Property of PAPs and Necessity of
Resettlement are much higher in Phase V.
Table 6.4.55 Reason for Not Supporting for the Project

Reason for not supporting the project Phase IV % Phase V % Total %

It would necessitate resettlement of the

1 3.6 7 17.1 8 11.6
people living near the river

It would cause loss of property of PAPs 6 21.4 19 46.3 25 36.2

It would cause loss of jobs/livelihood

8 28.6 5 12.2 13 18.8
problems to PAPs
It would cause environmental problems
such as pollution, loss of vegetation, 3 10.7 3 7.3 6 8.7
traffic congestion etc.
I do not agree with this
project/construction of flood control 1 3.6 2 4.9 3 4.3
structure to mitigate flooding
Others 1 3.6 0 0.0 1 1.4
No response 8 28.6 5 12.2 13 18.8
TOTAL 28 100.0 41 100.0 69 100.0

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(3) Evaluation of the Survey Result
Perception survey through interview with local residents along the Pasig-Marikina River was
conducted in the EIA Study in 1998. Table 6.4.56 presents the comparison between the survey in
1998 and this perception survey (2014).
Awareness of the Project was only 30% in 1998 while 44% in 2014, but the percentage has not
always increased enough for these 16 years. Regarding the information source for the Project, the
ratio of media has increased a lot in 2014. Position for the Project is similar between 1998 and
2014. The reasons for supporting and not supporting the Project show similar ones although the
ratios of each answer are not always proportional.
Table 6.4.56 Comparison on Perception for the Project between EIA Study (1998) and the
Review Study (2014)
EIA Study (1998) Review Study (2014)
Topic/ Question
(no. of respondents = 103) (no. of respondents = 399)
Awareness of the Project 30% 43.9%
Local government: 59% Government/ Barangay official:53.1%
Source of information
Informal sources: 24% Media: 53.1%
about the Project*
National government: 14% Neighbors/Relatives: 33.1%
For the Project: 83% Support the Project: 78.2%
Position for the Project
Against the Project: 17% Not support the Project: 17.3%
Improve living condition: 67% Resolve the flood issue: 79.8%
Reason for supporting the
Flood reduction: 21% Improve civil facilities: 34.6%
Project*
Risk reduction: 4% Reduction of the pollution: 34.3%
Loss of property: 36.2%
Reason for not supporting Easement provision (loss of
Loss of job/ livelihood: 18.8%
the Project property): 100%
Necessity of resettlement: 11.6%
Note) *: Number of respondents in the Review Study (2014) reflects the plural answers.
Source: EIS (1998) and the Review Study (2014)

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 CHAPTER 7 POTENTIAL IMPACTS WITHOUT MITIGATION

7.1 Potential Negative Impacts without Mitigations

7.1.1 Physio-chemical Environment (Pollution)
(1) Air Quality
Potential impacts on the air quality of the Project are as follows:
• Air pollution to be caused by dust (TSP) during the construction works, and
• Air pollution to be caused by emission gas from the heavy equipment and vehicles
during construction works.
These impacts are inevitable as long as the construction works are implemented although the
impacts will be brought about only during construction stage. During operation stage, there will
be no source of air pollution from the flood control structures to be constructed in the Project. The
impacts are described in more detail below:
1) Air pollution to be caused by dust (TSP) during the construction works
Dust (TSP) pollution will be generated during the construction works of flood control structure
such as dike, revetment, etc., demolition of existing structures, earth works (excavation and
reclamation), and transportation of construction and spoil materials. This impact will happen in
the vicinity of these activities along most of the river stretch of the Phase IV in dry season. It will
cause public nuisance in residential areas including Barangay Santolan, Tañong and Jesus De La
Peña, in particular. But the period of the impact will be limited in the only time of construction
works at respective locations.
2) Air pollution to be caused by emission gas from the heavy equipment and vehicles
During the construction works, heavy equipment and transportation vehicles including Backhoe,
Bulldozer, Crawler Crane, Dump Truck, etc. will generate emission gases including SO2, NO2
and CO, and so on, which may adversely affect the health condition of local residents.
However, the impact will not occur simultaneously at every construction site but intermittently
along with the progress of the construction works.
(2) River Water Quality
Potential impacts on the river water quality of the Project are as follows:
• River water pollution in the Middle Marikina River due to the construction works in and
along the river,
• River water pollution due to the waste water from construction work sites, contractor
base camp, construction yards, offices, etc.,
• Increase of water pollution in Manggahan Floodway and in the vicinity of outlet of the
Floodway in the Laguna de Bay due to the increased flood discharge during construction
period of MCGS.
1) River water pollution due to construction works
Water pollution by re-suspension of sediments and release of sediment pollutants in the Middle
Marikina River will be caused by construction works in the river and along the river side,
including excavation/dredging and construction of flood control structures. These activities will
increase turbidity and TSS of the river water. This impact may cause an increase of BOD and
reduction of DO, which may affect the habitat of aquatic biota. This impact, however, will be
limited in the immediate downstream of the construction activity and will be diminished as the
river flow goes downstream stretch.

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2) River water pollution due to waste water drainage from construction work sites
River water pollution due to waste water drainage from construction work sites is another
potential negative impact on the water quality of the Middle Marikina River. Potential sources of
this impact includes waste water (effluent) generated from the contractor base camp, construction
yards and offices. As potential sources of water pollution, oil and other chemicals might be
included in case of accidental spillage or during the piling works.
Regarding the hazardous liquid wastes including oil, chemicals, solvents, etc., in case of being
used and generated, these wastes are supposed to be temporarily stocked under the strict
management. However, they can become potential pollution source unless appropriate
management is provided.
3) Increase of water pollution in Manggahan Floodway and in the Laguna de Bay
During construction period of MCGS, a diversion channel will be constructed for draining the
river water traversing the construction site of MCGS. The capacity of diversion channel, however,
is not always enough to drain all the flood water to downstream river stretch. It is, therefore, the
flood water will be drained through Rosario Weir to the Laguna de Bay via Manggahan Floodway
while flooding. This situation is basically the same under the current system, but the frequency
will increase since the discharge capacity of the diversion channel is less than the river channel.
Potential impact of water pollution in the Manggahan Floodway and the area in the vicinity of
outlet of Manggahan Floodway in the Laguna de Bay is not significant because the situation is
similar to present one as described above.
(3) Solid Wastes
Potential impacts of solid wastes to be generated in the Project are as follows:
• Garbage and construction wastes including plastics, woods and debris, etc. to be
generated from the contractor base camp, offices, and construction sites, and
• Dredged/ excavated materials from the river channel and river banks.
1) Garbage and construction wastes to be generated in the Project sites
Garbage and construction waste shall be appropriately gathered, treated and disposed based on
the proper water collection and disposal system in the Philippines following RA 9003 and RA
6969. If the necessary treatment and disposal procedures are not followed by the Project, the
adverse impacts such as littering, aesthetic degradation, environmental contamination, increase
of health risks, etc. would occur.
2) Dredged/ excavated materials from the river channel and river banks
In the implementation of the Phase IV, approximately 1.67 million of dredged/ excavated
materials will be generated. They shall be monitored its chemical quality if the toxic substances
will be leaching out during dredging/ excavation and/or after disposal. The results of chemical
analysis in this survey showed that there will be no possibility of such contamination of toxic
substances, as a preliminary investigation based on the limited location of the analysis.
Accordingly, it will be analyzed in Detail Design stage in more detailed analysis.
(4) Soil Contamination/ Riverbed Sediment Contamination
The Project includes excavation/ dredging of riverbed sediment in the Middle Marikina River
channel as project activity. Due to this intervention, following potential impacts would occur:
• Contamination of river water and riverbed sediment due to excavation/ dredging work,
• Soil and/or groundwater contamination at around the disposal site of the excavated
/dredged materials.
1) Contamination of river water and riverbed sediment

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The results of sediment quality analysis (elutriate test) conducted in this environmental survey
suggests no risk of contamination of river water and riverbed sediment due to leaching out of
toxic substances and/or re-suspension of them. However, it cannot be totally denied the possibility
of the river water or riverbed sediment contamination because the sediment analysis in the survey
is applied only for limited locations.
2) Soil and groundwater contamination at around the disposal site
According to the TCLP test results, the riverbed sediment is categorized as non-hazardous
materials which can be utilized as the reclamation and/or backfill materials. Thus, it is predicted
that no contamination of soil or groundwater will occur at around the disposal site due to dumping
the excavated/ dredged materials. However, according to the same reason above, it cannot be
totally denied the possibility of the soil and groundwater contamination at around the disposal site
because the sediment analysis in the survey is applied only for limited locations.
(5) Noise and Vibration
a. Noise
Potential impact of the Project is the generation of noise associated with the construction works
using heavy equipment and transportation of construction and spoil materials. The increase of
noise will cause nuisance to the local residents living near the construction work sites, particularly
to schools, hospitals/medical clinics and religious places which need to be silencequiet. As the
same case as air pollution, this impact is inevitable as long as the construction works are
implemented although the impacts will be brought about only during construction stage. During
operation stage, there will be no source of noise pollution.
Noise level from the heavy equipment was calculated using the mathematical model, theoretical
propagation equation from point noise source:
Ln = PWL – 20 log10 X – 8 -d
Where Ln: Noise level at the distance of X meter (dBA)
PWL: Power Level of the noise source (dBA)
X: Distance between noise source and receiver (m), and
-d: Noise level decrease due to diffraction (dBA)
(d was not considered because of safety side prediction)
Table below shows the projected noise level from the individual equipment and vehicles which
are estimated to be used for construction works. Based on the results, it is predicted that the noise
from heavy equipment may reach up to 60 m with the magnitude of 70 dBA (similar noise level
to that inside a shopping mall) at the highest.
Table 7.1.1 Projection Noise Level from Individual Equipment and Vehicle
Unit: dBA
Heavy equipment Power level** Distance (m)
No.
/ vehicles* (dBA) 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100
1 Backhoe 104 76.0 70.0 66.5 64.0 62.0 60.4 57.9 56.0
2 Bulldozer 111 83.0 77.0 73.5 71.0 69.0 67.4 64.9 63.0
3 Crawler Crane 110 82.0 76.0 72.5 70.0 68.0 66.4 63.9 62.0
4 Pile Vibratory Hammer 115 87.0 81.0 77.5 75.0 73.0 71.4 68.9 67.0
5 Dump Truck 102 74.0 68.0 64.5 62.0 60.0 58.4 55.9 54.0
Note) *: Representative equipment and vehicles estimated to be used in the construction work,
**: Data Source; Handbook of mitigation measures for noise and vibration from construction works, 2001.
Source: This survey of the Project Phase IV, 2014

Since the noise from a point source can be exponentially decremented as the distance increases
from the source. If the distance between the operating heavy equipment and the recipient is more

169
than 60 m, the impacts can be tolerable in case of Pile Vibratory Hammer. But the distance is less
than 20 m, the noise pollution would become intolerable as the period of exposure continues.
Consequently, it is predicted that the noise pollution from the heavy equipment and vehicles
during the construction stage may cause significant nuisance in the vicinity of the construction
work if it continues for long time (if exposure to noise continues).
b. Vibration
Same as the noise level, projection of vibration level was done based on the data of vibration level
from heavy equipment and vehicles to be used for the construction works of the Project. Vibration
level from the equipment was calculated using mathematical model, theoretical propagation
equation from point vibration source:
Lx = Lo – 8.7  (r - ro) – 20 log10 (r/ro) n
Where Lx: Vibration at the distance of r meter (dB)
Lo: Vibration level at the distance of ro meter (dB),
: Internal vibration constant of the ground (m), = 0.037
(for unconsolidated ground), and 0.003 (for consolidated ground),
n: A constant depending on vibration wave (in case of wave, n= 0.5)
In case of this Project, the project site is unconsolidated ground, and therefore, 0.037 was applied
for internal vibration constant of the ground ().
Table below shows the projected vibration level from the individual equipment and vehicle which
are estimated to be used for construction works. Based on the results, it is predicted that the
vibration from heavy equipment (Pile Vibratory Hammer) may reach up to 50 m with the
magnitude of 60 dBA (similar vibration level at which everybody starts to perceive ground
swaying) at the highest.
Table 7.1.2 Projection of Vibration Level from Individual Equipment and Vehicle
Unit: dBA
Heavy equipment Power level**(dBA) / Distance (m)
No.
/ vehicles* reference point (m) 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100
1 Backhoe 70 / 5.0 65.4 59.2 54.2 49.7 45.5 41.5 33.8 26.4
2 Bulldozer 65 / 5.0 60.4 54.2 49.2 44.7 40.5 36.5 28.8 21.4
3 Crawler Crane 45 / 7.0 42.5 36.3 31.3 26.8 22.6 18.6 10.9 3.5
4 Pile Vibratory Hammer 85 / 7.0 82.5 76.3 71.3 66.8 62.6 58.6 50.9 43.5
5 Dump Truck 56 / 7.0 53.5 47.3 42.3 37.8 33.6 29.6 21.9 14.5
Note) *: Representative equipment and vehicles estimated to be used in the construction work,
**: Data Source; Handbook of mitigation measures for noise and vibration from construction works, 2001.
Source: This survey of the Project Phase IV, 2014

Since the vibration from a point source can be exponentially decremented as the distance increases
from the source. If the distance between the operating heavy equipment and the impact recipient
is more than 50 m, the impacts can be tolerable in case of Pile Vibratory Hammer. But the distance
is less than 20 m, the vibration would become intolerable as the period of exposure continues.
Consequently, it is predicted that the vibration from the heavy equipment during the construction
works may cause significant nuisance in the vicinity of the construction work if it continues for
long time (if exposure to vibration continues).
(6) Land Subsidence
Project Phase IV area is located in the area of “zero subsidence potential” according to a
preliminary assessment of land subsidence potential undertaken between 2003 and 2006 for Metro
Manila and nearby areas (Philippine Science Letters, 2014).

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In the Project, large amount of pumping of groundwater, deep excavation work for pit, or
tunneling work is not included in the process of its construction works for flood control structures.
No land subsidence, therefore, is anticipated during both construction and operation stage.
(7) Offensive Odor
The Project includes excavation/ dredging of riverbed sediment in the Middle Marikina River
channel as project activity. Due to this intervention, following potential impacts would occur:
• Generation of offensive odor during construction works, especially excavation/
dredging operation in the river, and
• Generation of offensive odor during drying excavated/ dredged materials in staging area
and/or dumping the excavated/ dredged materials in the disposal site.
Based on results of baseline condition, it was indicated that there observed several sources of
offensive odor such as wastes, and garbage accumulated in the river and at the river banks. Due
to the operations of excavation and dredging in the river, there will be a possibility to generate
offensive odor to the surrounding areas.
The generation of offensive odor is also anticipated when the excavated/ dredged materials are
dried in the staging area and while dumping them in the disposal site.
The magnitude of the impacts is estimated to be relatively large during the operation of
excavation/ dredging than the time of drying in the staging area or dumping in the disposal site.
It is because offensive odor is relatively less as the source materials of foul smell become dry in
general. These impacts or modifications mentioned are imperative to some extent as long as
excavation/ dredging works are implemented. Potential impact of offensive odor, however, is
limited to a certain period only for these activities. Thus, the impacts are evaluated as not
significant.
(8) Riverbed Sediment
As discussed in (4) Soil Contamination/ Riverbed Sediment Contamination, the results of
sediment quality analysis (elutriate test) suggests no risk of contamination of river water and
riverbed sediment due to leaching out of toxic substances and/or re-suspension of them. However,
it cannot be totally denied the possibility of riverbed sediment contamination because the
sediment analysis in the survey is applied only for limited locations, and it requires more data for
totally denying its possibility.
7.1.2 Natural Environment
(1) Pedology, Topography and Geological Features/ Erosion
Impact sources on pedology, topography, geology and soil erosion due to the implementation of
the Project include the following:
 Clearing of vegetation for the construction of flood control structures,
 Excavation and dredging operations in the river and embankment for construction of
flood control structures, and
 Temporary stock of construction/backfilling materials in the construction yard.
All these impact source activities are those to occur during construction stage, but the locations
of these sources are limited to within the river area. These are also limited to a certain period only
at earth works during construction stage. Thus, the potential impacts are predicted not to be
adversely affected to the surrounding areas out of the project site and evaluated to be minimal.
(2) Groundwater
In the Project, pumping of large volume of groundwater, deep excavation work for pit, or
tunneling work is not included as project activity. Potential impacts on groundwater due to the
implementation of the Project include the following:

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 • Depletion of groundwater level due to the excavation in the river channel/ river banks,
and
• Obstruction of groundwater flow of shallow groundwater due to flood control structures
(sheet piles) to be constructed along the river banks.
Regarding the depletion of groundwater level due to the excavation, the excavation will be done
in the river channel or along the river banks. The depletion of the groundwater, therefore, will be
limited only in the vicinity of the excavation points and confined within the river area. Thus, the
impact on groundwater will be minimal.
As for the obstruction of groundwater flow, the impact can be discussed as follows: Groundwater
flow of shallow groundwater is directed from higher to lower elevation following the topographic
slope direction in general. In the project area along the Middle Marikina River, therefore, it is
estimated that shallow groundwater flows from north to south direction in parallel with the flow
direction of the river as a whole. This means that the direction of the sheet piling and the
groundwater flow have basically the same direction, which suggests that the possibility to obstruct
the groundwater flow is minimal. This is also supported by such that the depth of sheet piling is
approx. 12 m depending on the geological situation, and that sheet piling locations are not
continuous throughout the river stretch but intermittent along the river channel. Thus, the impact
on groundwater flow will be negligible.
(3) Hydrological Regime
1) Change of Hydrological Regime
The PMRCIP aims to mitigate the flood risks of Metro Manila especially along the Pasig-Manila
River stretches. It will mitigate the risk of flooding during heavy rains by construction of flood
control structures and diversion of flood discharge into the Laguna de Bay through Manggahan
Floodway by coordinated operation of MCGS and Rosario Weir. After the completion of flood
control structures of PMRCIP, the design discharge in the river channel in case of rain event with
30-year return period, will be increased as shown in the figures below:

SAN JUAN
RIVER
700

MCGS STO. NINO

MANILA 1,200 600 550 500 2,900 2,600
BAY
2,400

700
0
35
95

NAPINDAN MANGAHAN NANGKA

RIVER FLOODWAY RIVER Unit: m3/s

Source: Inception Report, PMRCIP, Phase IV and V, 2015

Figure 7.1.1 Design Flood Discharge Distribution for River Improvement
(30-Year Return Period)
Due to the diversion of the flood discharge through Rosario Weir and Manggahan Floodway, the
flood water will flow into the Laguna de Bay. This intervention will cause the water level rising
in the lake. This impact was studied during the 2002 Detail Design Study, in which water level
rising in the lake was calculated by comparing the existing situation and after the completion of
MCGS under coordinated operation with Rosario Weir. The table below shows the results of
calculation, which indicates the additional water level rising of 3.7 cm in the lake in case of a rain
event with the return period of 30-years.

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Source: Hydrology, Detailed Engineering Design, PMRCIP, 2002
Figure 7.1.2 Additional Rising of Water Level in the Laguna de Bay

2) Potential Impacts
The potential impacts due to the water level rising in the lake to be caused by the diversion of
flood discharge through Manggahan Floodway under coordinated operation of MCGS and
Rosario Weir includes the following:
• Impacts on land use and existing facilities in the Laguna de Bay, and

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 • Impacts on land use and existing facilities in the Manggahan Floodway.
a) Impacts on land use and existing facilities in the Laguna de Bay
As described above, the magnitude of water level rising is estimated as 3.7 cm comparing with
current status. It will, however, not always occur throughout the year, but limited only in the heavy
rain events with the return period of 30-years. Considering that the land use around the outlet of
Manggahan Floodway is limited to farmland of Kangkong and fish pen, the impact of water level
rising in the lake due to the coordinated operation of MCGS and Rosario Weir is not anticipated
to be significant.
b) Impacts on land use and existing facilities in the Manggahan Floodway
Along the Manggahan Floodway, temporary water level rising will occur during the diversion of
flood discharge through Rosario Weir. Diversion water volume will increase under the
coordinated operation of MCGS and Rosario Weir. The Increase of water volume in the
Manggahan Floodway will also cause reverse flow along the tributaries flowing into the
Manggahan Floodway. Unless no mitigation measures are figured out for the reverse water,
flooding risk along the tributaries will increase.
Along the Mangahan Floodway, there are three (3) major tributaries flowing into it; namely Buli
River, Cainta River, and Taytay River. For Buli River, the gate and pump have been installed by
Pasig City, and the construction of two floodgates for Cainta and Taytay rivers are included in
PMRCIP Phase IV so that the reverse flow can be prevented. Thus, the impact of MCGS and
coordinated operation with Rosario Weir can be avoided.
(4) Coastal Zone
The Phase IV section, or the Middle Marikina River is located at approx. 23 km from the river
mouth at the Manila Bay. During the construction stage, excavation and dredging activities will
generate turbid water but it will be limited to temporary in terms of time period and spatial length
in immediate downstream along the river. After completion of flood control structures, they will
not cause any impact on the coastal zone because the structures will not act as pollution source.
Thus, the impact on coastal zone will not occur.
(5) Terrestrial Flora
The potential negative impacts of the Project on the terrestrial flora are as follows:
• Removal and loss of vegetation cover due to land clearing for the construction of flood
control structures,
• Damage to plants during construction works, and
• Impact on important local species and/or protected species of plants.
1) Removal and loss of vegetation cover due to land clearing
Trees/plants within the project site shall be cut/removed to give way to the construction of flood
control structures as well as excavation along the river banks. The clearing of vegetation would
also be carried out for establishment of temporary facilities such as construction yard, access
roads and offices of construction contractors, etc.
Trees/plants removal and loss, however, is likely insignificant since most of the portions of the
Middle Marikina River (Phase IV section) is characterized by urban settings (i.e. residential,
commercial and industrial), while there shll be replaced/replanted in accordance the
order/guideline of DENR.
2) Damage to plants during construction works
Clearing of vegetation and other construction works could give trauma physically by inflicting
injuries to some vegetative parts (i.e. stems, leaves, roots, etc.) or even at some point the totality
of plants. Injuries incurred could be fatal to plants since it could disrupt the physical and
physiological processes in occurring in plants.

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In addition, an increase in Total Suspended Particulates (TSP), i.e. dust, concentration may affect
the photosynthetic activities of plants once the particulate matter settles on the leaves. This will
tend to hinder/ disrupt the photosynthetic process of plants with the clogging of micro particles
into the stomata of the leaves, limiting intake of oxygen and hence, hampering the
evapotranspiration process. In worst cases, the effect could go as far as to result in stunted growth
of the affected plants or cause them to wither.
These impacts on plants, however, will be only limited in the vicinity of the construction work
sites. Thus, the impact is evaluated as not significant.
3) Impact on important local species and/or protected species of plants
Among the flora species recorded in the survey, there are several species recognized as locally
important endemic species. Besides, six (6) species falls under threatened categories of the
National List of Threatened Philippine Plants and their Categories and List of Other Wildlife
Species (DAO 2007-01), IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and/or listed in the Convention
on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). These species
would be affected if the locations of protected species are superimposed of the planned flood
control structures in this Project unless an appropriate measure is provided.
However, the threat to locally important endemic and threatened species of flora is not significant
since most of these flora species are deliberately planted by the locals for greening along the banks
of the Middle Marikina River. Inevitable clearing of these species can be compensated by
replanting the same species or native species in a suitable area along or nearby the Marikina River
as a mitigation measure.
(6) Terrestrial Fauna
The potential negative impacts of the Project on the terrestrial fauna are as follows:
• Disturbance and/or loss of habitat of terrestrial fauna,
• Loss of individuals of terrestrial fauna species due to construction works, and
• Impact on important local species and/or protected species.
1) Disturbance and/or loss of habitat of terrestrial fauna
Clearing of vegetation and temporary denudation of top soil for the construction or planned flood
control structures of the Project would cause disturbance and/or loss of habitat of terrestrial fauna
species. However, this area is not significant comparing with the whole area of forests and
vegetation along the Marikina River and its surrounding areas over the upstream watershed. In
addition, the Project IV area is highly urbanized settings and already heavily disturbed and
fragmental. Thus, the impact on the habitat of terrestrial fauna is not significant.
2) Loss of individuals of fauna species due to construction works
Clearing of vegetation during the construction stage will cause terrestrial fauna species to leave
their current habitat. In some cases, mortality may be observed due to stress or accidents while
construction works. However, the case of such accidents and reach to death of individuals will
not be many as they are highly mobile and can easily disperse to nearby habitats before the
construction works commence from their habitat. Thus, the impact is likely insignificant.
3) Impact on important local species and/or protected species
Based on the primary data collection in this survey along the Marikina River, none of the recorded
fauna species are included under any threatened categories of the DAO 2004-15, IUCN Red List
of Threatened Species or the CITES. Regarding important local species, three endemic bird
species was recorded. These species, however, are highly mobile and can easily disperse to
suitable habitats, and hence they will not be affected significantly during construction works.

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(7) Aquatic Biota
The potential negative impacts of the Project on the aquatic biota are as follows:
• Disturbance of habitat of aquatic biota due to excavation/ dredging operation,
• Loss of individuals due to removal of riverbed sediment, and
• Impact on important local species and/or protected species.
1) Disturbance of habitat of aquatic biota due to excavation/ dredging operation
Due to excavation and dredging operation, water pollution and sedimentation will occur, which
may have negative impacts on aquatic biota. However, the water quality of the Middle Marikina
River is not always adequate for aquatic biota under baseline condition, and therefore, this impact
is anticipated to be minimal.
2) Loss of individuals due to removal of riverbed sediment
Removal of the riverbed sediment, especially dredging in the riverbed and excavation works along
the riverbank, may result in a decline of aquatic biota. This impact is applied for macro-benthos
species in the river, in particular. However, the results of inventory of macro-benthos indicates
poor status of aquatic biota, i.e., only few species being identified. Thus, the impact on aquatic
biota is anticipated as minimal.
3) Impact on important local species and/or protected species
Based on the primary data collection in this survey along the Marikina River, none of the recorded
aquatic organisms are included under any threatened categories of the DAO 2004-15, IUCN Red
List of Threatened Species or the CITES. No important local species are identified; either, and
thus, no impact will be anticipated.
(8) Protected Area and Environmental Critical Areas (ECAs)
There is no protected area designated by Republic Act No. 7586 known as NIPAs Act (1992) in
and around the Project area. The nearest protected areas are Quezon Memorial (registered national
park) and Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife Center (national park under proclamation), both of
which are city parks located approx. 4 km from the Phase IV section. There are two other
protected areas in the watershed of the Marikina River: Upper Marikina River Basin Protected
Landscape and Pamitinan Protected Landscape, both of which are located at the distance of more
than 15 km in the upstream area. It is, therefore, no impact of the implementation of the Project
will be anticipated on the protected area.
As for Environmental Critical Areas (ECAs), the Phase IV area is located in areas frequently
visited and or hard-hit by natural calamities (Category 6), and all natural water bodies (Category
10) under Presidential Proclamation (PP) No. 2146 (1981). This Project is aimed at mitigating the
flood disaster caused by the hard-hit of typhoons. Therefore, the purpose of the Project will totally
consistent with the current situation and no negative impact is anticipated.
(9) Meteorology and Climate
The components of the Project are not related to meteorology or will not cause any climate change
in local, regional or country levels. Thus, no impact on meteorology and climate will be
anticipated.

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7.1.3 Socio-economic Environment
(1) Involuntary Resettlement
There will be approx. 40 residential buildings, or 71 households (estimation based on the survey
results as of end of March 2015) necessary for involuntary resettlement/ relocation, all of which
are informal settler families (ISFs), in the Phase IV (as of the survey result by the end of March
2015) as listed in Table 7.1.3. Thus, the impact of involuntary resettlement is evaluated as not
minor. As for business establishment, a total of six (6) establishments will be affected by the
Right-Of-Way and/or river channel alignment.
Table 7.1.3 Number of Project-Affected Residential Buildings, Informal Settler Families
and Business Establishments in the Phase IV Area
Project-affected no. of Project-affected no. of Project-affected no. of
City Barangay
residential buildings ISFs (households) * business establishments
Ugong Norte 0 0 0
Quezon
Bagumbayan 40 71 1
Libis 0 0 0
Blue Ridge B 0 0 0
Pasig City Manggahan 0 0 2
Santolan 0 0 3
Industrial Valley 0 0 0
Marikina City Calumpang 0 0 0
Barangka 0 0 0
Tañon 0 0 0
Jesus de la Peña 0 0 0
San Rogue 0 0 0
Santa Elena 0 0 0
Santo Niño 0 0 0
Total 40 71 6
Note) *: Estimated number based on the number of affected residential buildings.
Source: Socio-economic Survey of the Project, Phase IV, 2014/2015

(2) Poverty Group

The poverty group is less resilient and more vulnerable to the impacts of the Project in general
because resources are limited in the first place and there will be little, or nothing left for
contingency including the case of relocation.
Results of perception survey indicates that 40.6% of respondents who live along the Phase IV
section of the Middle Marikina River answered that the income level is less than
PhP.3,000/month, followed by the ranges of PhP. 5,000-10,000 (19.4%), PhP. 10,000-15,000
(12.4%), and PhP. 3,000-5,000 (9.4%). This figure might be rather conservative one, but the
income level of the local residents is estimated to be lower than the average value of family
income of this area.
There will be 71 households necessary for involuntary resettlement/ relocation, all of which are
informal settler families (ISFs), in the Phase IV (as of the survey result by the end of March 2015)
as listed in Table 7.1.3. ISFs are classified as poverty group in general, who are at a higher risk
of falling into poverty or may be pushed below or even further down the poverty line. Thus, the
impact of the Phase IV on the poverty group is anticipated to be not minor. But the magnitude of
it is not always predictable.
(3) Ethnic Minority/ Indigenous People
Metro Manila is a part of the Tagalog Region of Southern Luzon, and the three cities where the
Phase IV section of the Middle Marikina River is located, are therefore a part of this original

177
ethnic group. Non-Tagalog populations are considered immigrants who have assimilated to the
dominant ethnicity. Thus, there is no ethnic minority in the Project area. There is no Indigenous
Peoples (IPs) residing within Metro Manila and in the three cities, in particular. In addition, no
ancestral domains exist in any of the cities of Pasig, Marikina and Quezon according to NCIP.
There will be, therefore, no possibility of impacts of the Phase IV on ethnic minority or indigenous
people.
(4) Local Economy such as Employment and Livelihood
Resettlement may cause loss of current income source since the resettlement site are not always
near the current settlement sites, but often it is located out of the city (off-city). In such a case,
economic situation of resettled families will be adversely affected and the local economy near the
project affected areas will also be affected in terms of loss of labor and skilled workers. After
resettlement to off-city, livelihood recovery will be a challenging problem in general.
In case of the Phase IV, there will be approx. 50 households to be affected necessary for
resettlement (as of the survey result by the end of March 2015) as listed in Table R 9.3.3. Thus,
the impact will be not minor but the magnitude of it is not always predictable.
(5) Land Use and Utilization of Local Resources
The Phase IV section is located in Environmentally Critical Areas (Category 6: Areas frequently
visited and/or hard-hit by natural calamities (typhoons), and Category 10: Natural water body)
defined under Presidential Proclamation (PP) No. 2146 (1981). The river channel improvement
works in the Project is aimed to mitigate the flood problem and rather enhance the environmental
conditions of the area. The project works will be done in the river channel to accomplish the said
purpose but will not lose any water surface in the river. In terms of ECAs, the Project is in
accordance with the condition mentioned above. In addition, the Project does not contradict with
the existing land use or development plans in LGUs bound by the Phase IV Area.
Table 7.1.4 summarizes the necessary land acquisition by LGU and affected structures and
business establishments in the Project Phase IV area. A total of 124,089 m2 is needed as land
acquisition for ROW (Right-Of-Way) of the flood control structures and river channel
improvement.
Thus, the impacts on land use and utilization of local resources are evaluated as not minor.
Table 7.1.4 Area of Affected Private Land and Improvement in the Phase IV Area
Affected Land Affected Floor
No. Affected Private Properties Location Area Area
(sq.m) (sq.m)
1. Ignacio Complex 1 & 2 Mangahan, PC 11,276 2,603
2. ReadyCon Mangahan, PC 3,123 46
3. Hansson Paper Co. Mangahan, PC 6,959 3,020
4. Jentec Storage Mangahan, PC 4,681 753
5. Eastwood Ferry & Reclamation Bagumbayan, QC - 117
6. Portland Cement Santolan, PC 3,644 840
9. Other Land Acquisition-QC side - 29,057 -
10. Other Land Acquisition-PC side - 27,469 -
11. Other Land Acquisition-MC side - 37,880 -
124,089 7,379
Source: Socio-economic Survey for RAP for Marikina River, June 2018
(6) Water Use and River Dependency
There is no water use case for potable water supply currently taken from the Phase IV section.
But water use for washing clothes and as playground was observed during the site reconnaissance
of this survey. There are two cases of river crossing ferry along the Middle Marikina River.

178
Besides, several types of river dependency on the Middle Marikina River of local residents are
observed, such as fishing, subsistence farming, river transportation and tourism although only
3.3% of respondents answered they are dependent on the river as major source of livelihood.
Due to the implementation of the Project, this water use and dependency on the Middle Marikina
River will be temporarily affected/ obstructed during the construction stage since the accessibility
to the river is constrained by the construction activities. These impacts of the construction works
of the Project, however, will not be continuous but rather shifting one location to another along
longitudinal direction of the river. Therefore, the constraint of accessibility is limited in terms of
affected time period. Thus, the magnitude of this impact is not significant but likely to be minor.
During the operation stage, there will be some constraint in the accessibility to the river by the
flood control structures, such as revetment and parapet walls constructed in the Project.
(7) Existing Social Infrastructures and Services
Social infrastructures located along the Project Phase IV section include roads, railway, bridges,
etc. as described in Section 5.4.4. Some of these structures are located across the Middle Marikina
River. Social service facilities located along the Middle Marikina River include barangay halls,
schools, churches, hospitals and clinics, recreational spots. Out of these, there are several ones
located near the river (within approx. 50 meters from the river) such as Calumpang Barangay Hall,
Gymnasium Marikina Doctors Hospital, Medical Clinic, Pasig Glass Garden, and Pasig Square
Garden, etc.
Due to the implementation of the Phase IV, Manalo Bridge will be replaced by a new, while the
reconstruction of new Manalo Bridge has been undertaken by the Government of the Philippines,
as the work is recognized to be urgent as the bridge site may hamper smooth flood flows. To
facilitate the existing traffic conditions during construction work, the existing bridge will be
utilized as a temporary bridge, then will be replaced by a new bridge.
An extension of Pasig Ferry Boat Operation has been proposed to the Phase IV sectin (Middle
Marikina River) by MMDA and PRRC, the location and design of the proposed ferry terminals
are required to adjust with the design of dike/revetment in Phase IV. Further, two (2) of river
crossing boat operation will be affected as well.
With close coordination during the design of Phase IV, particularly by providing steps/stairs to
cross the dike/revetment, difficulties in accessing to the said terminal/station will be mitigated.
The impacts on these infrastructure and public service facilities will be temporary ones in terms
of inconvenience and constraint in accessibility to them during construction work. The magnitude
of the impacts, therefore, is not significant considering the period of impact occurrence.
Regarding other infrastructures and social service facilities, none of relocation or demolition of
the facilities will be required owing to the adjustment of construction site/ method of the flood
control structures.
(8) Social Institutions
This Project aims at flood risk mitigation and alleviation of flood damages, resolved by DPWH
and determined by GOP. The LGUs in the NCR as well as the local community along the Pasig-
Marikina River who are suffering from flood disasters so far are all supporting this Project. Thus,
no impact will be anticipated on the social institutions such as social infrastructures and local
decision-making institutions.
(9) Misdistribution of Benefits and Damage (Social Cost)
River channel improvement works by the construction of flood control structures will mitigate
flood risks in riverine area of the Pasig-Marikina River, which, at the same time, will require land
acquisition along the river although the number of Involuntary Resettlement is none and necessity
of relocation of the Project Affected Buildings are limited.
Construction of MCGS and its coordinated operation with Rosario Weir, aiming to divert flood
water to the Laguna de Bay through Manggahan Floodway, will also mitigate the flood risks in

179
the downstream area of the Pasig-Marikina River. At the same time, however, this intervention
would raise the water level along the Manggahan Floodway and the Laguna de Bay although the
rising of water level is estimated to be minimal (3.7 cm) even at the heavy rainfall with the return
period of 30 years (refer to Section 6.1.2, (3) Hydrological Regime).
Thus, the Project would be a cause of misdistribution of benefit (beneficiaries) and social cost
(social cost bearers). But the magnitude of this misdistribution is not significant.
(10) Local Conflicts of Interest
Local conflicts might occur between beneficiaries and social cost bearers mentioned above. In
addition, as for the compensation for PAPs of the Project, provision of compensation is mandated
by law for all project affected people as well as other entitlements depending on eligibility. The
amount of compensation is equitable and commensurate to the value of the assets lost, whether
permanent or temporary. Loss of assets like land, structures, improvements, plants, etc. is not
limited to ownership but to usage. In the procedures of providing the compensation, there might
be conflict between the government agency, LGUs and PAPs. The magnitude of these social
conflicts, however, is not always predictable.
(11) Cultural Heritage, Historical and Religious Sites (Sensitive Facilities)
There is no historical and/or cultural heritage sites which are listed by the National Historical
Commission of the Philippines (NHCP), located within the Project, Phase IV section and its
vicinity. There are however several minor heritage sites near the Project site, including statues,
gazebos, gardens, museums, performing arts or cultural venues, religious sites, shrines and
monuments. Some of these are located in the vicinity (within 100 m distance) of the Phase IV
Section of the river. Among others, Jesus De La Peña Chapel and Kapitan Moy’s Residence, are
evaluated as relatively important in terms of historical church and residence.
These cultural and historical heritage sites will not be directly affected/ damaged by the
construction works although they might be temporarily affected in terms of inconvenience in
accessibility during construction stage. The magnitude of the impact, however, is minimal
considering that the period of impact occurrence is limited and none of relocation or demolition
of the heritage sites will be required owing to adjustment of construction site/ method of the flood
control structures.
(12) Landscape
The Project Phase IV components include the construction of flood control structures such as dike,
revetment, parapet wall, drainage outlet, etc. for the river improvement of the Middle Marikina
River. This will change the aesthetics of the river landscape throughout the river stretches of the
Phase IV. However, the change of river landscape would not adversely affect or deteriorate the
entire landscape combined with riverine land use, but rather contribute to create more urbanized
landscape as a whole.
(13) Gender/ Socially Vulnerable Groups
Socially vulnerable groups such as disabled, elderly, female-headed, solo parent and child-headed,
etc. often fall into poverty, and therefore there is higher possibility for them to be in difficulty to
maintain livelihood when they need to be relocated by a development project in general. Their
standard of living may be worse-off after project implementation.
In case of the Phase IV, there will be 71 involuntary resettlement cases of informal settler families
(ISFs) due to the implementation of the Project (refer to Table 6.1.3). ISFs can be classified as
socially vulnerable group, who are at a higher risk of falling into poverty or may be pushed below
or even further down the poverty line. The poverty group is less resilient and more vulnerable to
the impacts of the development projects in general. In this sense, the possibility of the adverse
impact of the Project is not negligible. But the magnitude of the impact is not always predictable.

180
(14) Rights of Children
Rights of children include the rights to education and to live in a healthy and safe environment to
support well-rounded development. In case of resettlement, in general, it may cause disruption of
schooling and affect their psycho-social well-being since they will be uprooted from a community
they were accustomed with to a new and unfamiliar environment.
In case of the Phase IV, there will be 71 involuntary resettlement cases of informal settler families
(ISFs) due to the implementation of the Project (refer to Table 6.1.3). It is estimated that many
children are included in the affected ISFs. The rights of children will be affected in terms of
changing schools, psychological impacts, etc., which might become problems and be taken care
of. The magnitude of the impacts, however, is not always predictable.
(15) Infectious Diseases such as HIV/AIDS
Influx of construction workers would have a possibility of infectious disease. However, the
possibility is low for the Project Phase IV because the employment of laborers for construction
works will be prioritized to and mobilized from the local people, which is the same condition as
the Project, Phase II and III.
(16) Labor Environment (Including Occupational Safety)
During the construction stage of the Project, there will be a probability of incidents or accidents
happening at the work sites, particularly at night and during the rainy season. Some common
construction site-related accidents and incidents are toppling down of heavy equipment, falls,
slips, struck by, electrocution, tripping, and cuts or wounds due to construction machinery. In this
Project, flash flood, bank erosion and fall into excavation areas are also potential hazards.
The foregoing emphasizes the need for the implementing agencies of construction projects to
strictly implement the occupational safety and health standards, particularly the rules governing
safety in the construction industry.
The safety and health of the construction workers and the public will be safeguarded, and
accidents or incidents can be minimized with consistent implementation and compliance with the
requirements of DOLE DO No. 13. Even though, accidents cannot be completely prevented but
might happen.
7.1.4 Summary of Potential Negative Impacts
Table 7.1.5 presents the summary of the possible negative impacts without mitigations based on
discussions in the previous sections.

181
 Table 7.1.5 Potential Negative Impacts without Mitigation
Evaluation of impacts
Environmental components w/o mitigation Explanation for the evaluation
Review/Upda
EIS (1998)
ting (2015)
1 Air Pollution [Construction] Air pollution due to dust during earth
works as well as emission gas by construction equipment
and vehicles will occur although the magnitude of
B- B-
pollution is temporary and localized.
[Operation] There will be no source of air pollution from
the river improvement structures after completion.
2 Water Pollution [Construction] Re-suspension of sediments and release of
sediment pollutants will occur as a result of dredging/
excavation or construction works in the river. Waste water
from contractor base camp and/or office would also cause
B- B-
water pollution.
[Operation] There will be no pollution source of water
quality from the river improvement structures after
completion.
3 Solid Wastes [Construction] Wastes from the contractor base camp and
(including Dredged/ office, debris from demolished structures existing along
Excavated Material) the river, and dredged/excavated materials will be
Physio-chemical Environment (Pollution)

A- B-
generated.
[Operation] There will be no wastes to be generated from
the river improvement structures after completion.
4 Soil Contamination [Construction] Disposal of dredged/ excavated materials
would cause soil contamination at disposal site if the
riverbed sediment is contaminated.
- C-
[Operation] There will be no pollution source of soil
contamination from the river improvement structures
after completion.
5 Noise and Vibration [Construction] Noise and vibration caused by
construction activities and transportation will occur. It
would be significant if the exposure to noise/ vibration
B- B-
continues for long time.
[Operation] There will be no source of noise or vibration
from the river improvement structures after completion.
6 Land Subsidence No land subsidence is anticipated during both
construction and operation stage because large scale of
- D
groundwater extraction, deep excavation work, or
tunneling work is not included in the project activities.
7 Offensive Odor [Construction] Offensive odor would occasionally occur
during dredging/excavation works at the sludge area of
the river.
D B-
[Operation] There is no possibility to increase offensive
odor from the river improvement structures after
completion.
8 Riverbed Sediment [Construction] Dredging/Excavation works might cause
suspension of sediment pollutants, if the riverbed
sediment is contaminated, and re-sedimentation on the
D C- riverbed will occur.
[Operation] There is no possibility to increase riverbed
sediment contamination from the river improvement
structures after completion.
1 Pedology, [Construction] Construction of flood control structures
Environme

Topography and for river improvement including excavation of river

Natural

Geographical channel will cause the topographic modification. It is,

nt

Features D D however, limited to the river area, and therefore, will not
cause adverse impact on surrounding areas.
[Operation] There is no topographical or geological
change after completion of river improvement.

182
 Evaluation of impacts
Environmental components w/o mitigation Explanation for the evaluation
Review/Upda
EIS (1998)
ting (2015)
2 Soil Erosion [Construction] Erosion due to vegetation clearing,
excavation and embankment for the construction of flood
control structures might occur at the rainy season or
rainfalls with high intensity during construction period. It
D D is, however, limited to the river area, and therefore, will
not cause adverse impact on surrounding areas.
[Operation] There will be no soil erosion from the river
channel improvement structures made of concrete or
covered by vegetation.
3 Groundwater No pumping of groundwater, deep excavation work for
pit, or tunneling work is included as the Project
D D components. Sheet pile to be constructed along the river
banks will not cause obstruction of groundwater flow,
either.
4 Hydrological Construction of MCGS and coordinated operation with
Regime Rosario Weir will raise the water level in Manggahan
Floodway and Laguna de Bay by 3.7 cm during heavy
D D rain with return period of 30-years comparing with
existing situation. The impact, however, will be only
limited during rainfall event with such intention, and thus
the impact will be minimal.
5 Coastal Zone [Construction] No damage to coastal zone is anticipated
because the Project site (at the downstream end of Phase
- D IV stretch) is far enough (approx. 23 km) from the river
mouth.
[Operation] There will be no impact source.
6 Terrestrial Flora, [Construction] Vegetation along the Marikina River will
Fauna and be partially cleared for the construction of flood control
Biodiversity structures, which will cause adverse impacts on terrestrial
flora and fauna although the magnitude of impacts is not
significant.
Several threatened flora species were identified to grow
D B- in the Project area and would be affected by land clearing
during construction works. Most of them, however, do
not grow spontaneously under the natural condition but
are deliberately planted, and hence, the impact is not
significant.
[Operation] There will be no impacts on terrestrial flora
and fauna.
7 Aquatic Biota [Construction] Dredging/ Excavation works of in the river
would disturb the habitat of aquatic biota. However, the
current status of aquatic biota is ecologically poor due to
the highly polluted water quality. No threatened species
D D of aquatic organisms are recorded, either. Hence, the
impact of the implementation of the Project will be
minimal.
[Operation] There will be no activities after completion of
river improvement structures.
8 Protected Area and There will be no impact because no protected area exists
Environmentally in and around the Project area.
- D
Critical Areas
(ECAs)
9 Meteorology No impact will be caused by the construction works or
- D
project components of the Project.
10 Global Warming No impact will be caused by the construction works or
- D
project components of the Project.

183
 Evaluation of impacts
Environmental components w/o mitigation Explanation for the evaluation
Review/Upda
EIS (1998)
ting (2015)
1 Involuntary There will be 71 households necessary for involuntary
Resettlement resettlement/ relocation, all of which are informal settler
families (ISFs), in the Project Phase IV (as of the survey
result by the end of March 2015). In addition, there will
- B-
be six (6) project-affected business establishments (the
same), one of which is under examination/ negotiation for
the necessity of relocation. Thus, the impact is not critical
but not evaluated to be minor.
2 Poverty Group The poverty group is less resilient and more vulnerable to
the impacts of the development projects in general.
In case of the Phase IV, there will be approx. 50
- C- households to be affected necessary for resettlement.
Thus, the impact of the Phase IV on the poverty group is
anticipated to be not minor. But the magnitude of it is not
always predictable.
3 Ethnic Minority, No ethnic minority or indigenous peoples are observed
Indigenous Peoples - D along the river stretch of the Phase IV area, and no impact
will be anticipated.
4 Local Economy A total of 71 households will be required to resettle due to
such as Employment the Phase IV. Their employment and livelihood condition
and Livelihood D C- will be affected, accordingly. In case of resettlement site
is located out of the city (off-city resettlement), the
livelihood recovery will be a challenging problem.
5 Land Use and The land use along the Phase IV section of the Marikina
Social Environment:

Utilization of Local River is the mixture of residential, commercial, business

Resources and industrial areas. The area along the river will be
acquired for ROW (Right-Of-Way) and of the flood
D B-
control structures and river channel improvement. A total
area of land acquisition will be calculated as 124,089 m2.
The impact on land use and utilization of local resources
are evaluated as not minor.
6 Water Use and River [Construction] Water use, and river dependency of local
Dependency community are observed along the Phase IV section.
They will be temporarily affected but accessibility will be
still remained even during the construction stage. Thus
the impact on water use and river dependency is not
B- B-
significant.
[Operation] During the operation stage, there will be
some constraint in the accessibility to the river by the
flood control structures, such as revetment and parapet
walls constructed in the Project.
7 Existing Social [Construction] Social infrastructures and social service
Infrastructures and facilities will be temporarily affected in terms of
Services inconvenience in accessibility during construction stage,
including Manalo Bridge, and two of river crossing boat
B- B- services. However, the magnitude of the impact is not
significant owing to the adjustment of construction site
and method of the flood control structures.
[Operation] The situation will return to normal and there
will be no impact source.
8 Social Institutions This Project aims at flood risk mitigation and alleviation,
such as Social resolved by DPWH and determined by GOP. The LGUs
Infrastructure and in the NCR as well as the local community along the river
- D
Local Decision - who are suffering from flood disasters are all supporting
making Institutions this Project. Thus, no impact will be anticipated on the
social institutions.

184
 Evaluation of impacts
Environmental components w/o mitigation Explanation for the evaluation
Review/Upda
EIS (1998)
ting (2015)
9 Misdistribution of River improvement works by the construction of flood
Benefits and control structures will mitigate flood risks, which, at the
Damage (Social same time, require land acquisition along the river.
Cost) Construction of MCGS and its operation will mitigate the
flood risks in the downstream area but at the same time it
- B-
would raise the water level along the Manggahan
Floodway and around the Laguna de Bay.
Thus, the Project would be a cause of misdistribution of
benefit (beneficiaries) and social cost (social cost bearers)
but the magnitude is not significant.
10 Local Conflicts of Local conflicts might occur between beneficiaries and
Interest social cost bearers mentioned above. During the
determination and process of compensation to PAPs, there
B- C-
might be conflict between the government agency, LGUs
and PAPs. The magnitude of these social conflicts,
however, is not always predictable.
11 Cultural Heritage, There is no historical and/or cultural heritage sites which
Historical and are listed by the National Historical Commission of the
D D
Religious Sites Philippines (NHCP), located within the Project, Phase IV
(Sensitive Facilities) section and its vicinity.
12 Landscape The construction of flood control structures for the river
improvement of the Middle Marikina River would change
D D the aesthetics of the river landscape into more urbanized
one. But this change does not always mean adverse
impact.
13 Gender / Socially There will be 50 involuntary resettlement cases of
Vulnerable Groups informal settler families (ISFs) due to the implementation
of the Phase IV. ISFs are classified as socially vulnerable
group, who are at a higher risk of falling into poverty or
may be pushed below or even further down the poverty
- C-
line. The poverty group is less resilient and more
vulnerable to the impacts of the development projects in
general. In this sense, the possibility of the adverse
impact of the Project is not negligible. But the magnitude
of the impact is not always predictable.
14 Rights of Children There will be 50 involuntary resettlement cases of
informal settler families (ISFs) due to the implementation
of the Phase IV. It is estimated that many children are
contained in the affected ISFs. The rights of children will
- C-
be affected in terms of changing schools, psychological
impacts, etc., which might become problems and be taken
care of. The magnitude of the impacts, however, is not
always predictable.
15 Infectious Diseases Influx of construction workers would have a possibility of
such as HIV/AIDS infectious disease. However, the possibility is low
- D
because the employment of laborers for construction
works will be prioritized to the local people.
16 Labor Environment The possibility of accidents during construction works
(Including can be minimized if the Contractor appropriately follows
- B-
Occupational the guidelines stipulated by DOLE DO No.13. Even
Safety) though, accidents cannot be completely prevented.
Note)
A+/-: Significant positive/negative impact is expected.
B+/-: Positive/negative impact is expected to some extent.
C+/-: Possibility of impact and its magnitude are unknown. (A further examination is needed, and the impact could
be clarified as the study progresses.)
D: No impact is expected.
EIS (1998）did not use JICA’s method to evaluate the impact using “A,B,C and D” so the evaluation results of EIS
(1998) were converted to meet JICA’s method.

185
7.2 Overall Evaluation on Potential Negative Impacts
EIS (1998) concluded that the overall environmental impact would be positive and that the overall
benefit to society would outweigh the overall negative impact.
Zero option (without the Project) would not help the community to prevent/ mitigate flood
damage. In contrast, although with-project option would have certain extent of adverse impacts
on Physio-chemical, natural and social environments, it would help to prevent flood damage in
Metro Manila, which is the center of politics, economics, and culture of the Philippines. Hence,
the Project will contribute to stable economic development of the country. Since the
environmental and social impacts will be alleviated by the mitigation measures prepared in EIS
(1998) and this updated EIS (refer to Chap. 7), the total benefits to be derived will overwhelmingly
outweigh the effects of the adverse impacts.

186
 CHAPTER 8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
8.1 Mitigation Measures Proposed in EIS (1998)
The following table shows the suggested mitigation measures proposed in the EIS (1998) for the
possible negative impacts:
Table 8.1.1 Mitigation Measures in EIS (1998)
Project Impact Mitigation Measures
Air pollution Regularly adjusting the engines of construction
machinery
Watering to prevent dust generation when necessary
during dry season
River water quality change (turbidity Preventing accidental discharge of excavated /
increase) demolished soil / materials during repair / rehabilitation
works.
Noise generation Adjusting working time to avoid early morning and
night and holiday as much as possible
Regularly adjusting the engine and muffler of heavy
equipment to keep an appropriate function
Adopting less noise generation type of heavy equipment,
when necessary
Impair river navigation Adjusting mobilization and formation of vessel for
piling work to avoid navigation route
Influx of outside labor and their Close and advance contact with LGU officials to
households disseminating about mobilization of labor
Conduct of Information, Education and Communication
(IEC)
Increase of demand for housing and Prioritizing to employ local people to reduce outside
associated utilities (water supply, toilet, workers to immigrate and demand housing and utilities
etc.) of outside construction crew
Deterioration of sanitation level Prioritizing to employ local people to reduce outside
workers to immigrate and reside around construction site
Land acquisition and relocation / Enough dialogue through Information Campaign and
resettlement of Project Affected Publicity
Families (PAFs) Facilitation of resettlement program to be launched by
PRRC and LGUs
Appropriate procedures for eviction/relocation of
informal settlers

8.2 Environment Management Plan for Potential Negative Impacts

The following tables show the environmental management plans for the potential negative
impacts with the magnitude of Significant (A-), To some extent (B-) or Unknown (C-) (refer to
Table 8.1.5) including mitigation measures for the impacts:

187
 Table 8.2.1 Environmental Management Plan for Potential Negative Impacts on Physical-Chemical Environment
Environmental Implementation Organization
Component / Potential Impact Mitigation Measures / Responsible (supervisory) Cost
Project Phase Organization
1. Air Pollution
(1) Construction Air pollution by dust due to  Excavation materials must be properly stockpiled and Implementation organization: Included in the
earth works such as properly disposed of from the construction site, Contractor, construction cost
excavation work  Provision of covers to stockpiles that will be left idle for a Responsible (supervisory)
long time, organization: Proponent and
 Dust generation will be mitigated with watering at dusty Consultant, and DENR-EMB
place during dry season,
 Provision of covers to the load of trucks by tarpaulin, and
 Periodical and timely cleaning of the spilled materials on
roads or other public spaces along the transportation route
of construction materials and spoil materials.
Air pollution by emission  Regular maintenance of heavy equipment and vehicles, and Implementation organization: Included in the
gas due to the operation of  Consideration of operation manner of the equipment due to Contractor, construction cost
construction equipment and the regular education to the operators. Responsible (supervisory)
vehicles organization: Proponent and
Consultant, and DENR-EMB
2. Water Pollution
(1) Construction Water pollution of the river  To avoid the construction works during rainy season or Implementation organization: Included in the
water due to earth works rainy day as much as possible, Contractor, construction cost
near the river bank,  Installation of temporary embankment and drainage at the Responsible (supervisory)
excavation/ dredging works boundary of periphery of project site, organization: Proponent and
in the river  Installation of sedimentation pond at appropriate location to Consultant, and DENR-EMB
avoid the turbid water discharge for settlement the laden
with soil particles,
 Selection of less agitation method of dredging and its proper
implementation when applicable. Employing soil screen at
the site of dredging works if necessary.

188
 Environmental Implementation Organization
Component / Potential Impact Mitigation Measures / Responsible (supervisory) Cost
Project Phase Organization
Water pollution by waste  To ensure not to directly drain the waste water from Implementation organization: Included in the
water (effluent and used oil) construction yard and offices to the river, Contractor, construction cost
from construction yards and  Waste water shall be properly treated and disposed using Responsible (supervisory)
offices, and accidental oil septic tank or other appropriate treatment method, organization: Proponent and
spill  Provision of portable toilet (portalet) for the workers at the Consultant, and DENR-EMB
construction work site,
 To ensure not to cause accidental oil spill and other
chemicals in the construction site, and
 Hazardous wastes, in case of usage, shall be strictly
controlled based on RA 6969.
Increase of water pollution  Monitoring of water quality in Manggahan Floodway and Implementation organization: Included in the
in Manggahan Floodway around the outlet of the Floodway in the Laguna de Bay Contractor, construction cost
and around the outlet of the shall be done in timely manner for immediate and Responsible (supervisory)
Floodway in the Laguna de appropriate action to minimize the adverse impact on such organization: Proponent and
Bay recipient as fish pen, when necessary. Consultant, and DENR-EMB
3. Solid Waste
(1) Construction Garbage and construction  Solid wastes to be generated in the Project site shall be Implementation organization: Included in the
wastes to be generated in segregated for facilitation of reduction, reuse and recycle Contractor, construction cost
the Project sites following RA 9003 and applicable ordinances of LGUs, and Responsible (supervisory)
 The non-recyclable wastes shall be disposed of by sub- organization: Proponent and
contracting to the accredited waste contractor. Consultant, DENR-CENRO,
and Concerned LGUs
Dredged/ excavated  Confirmation of riverbed sediment quality through sediment Implementation organization: Included in the
materials from the river quality analysis by increasing the sampling points (e.g., Contractor, Proponent and Detail Design
channel and river banks once pre 100 m along the river stretch) during the Detail Consultant Study, construction
Design stage for further clarification of the possibility of Responsible (supervisory) cost as well as
soil contamination, and organization: DENR-EMB operation and
 In case to develop a new disposal area, necessary maintenance cost
permission including ECC shall be appropriately acquired
before the construction works in timely manner based on

189
 Environmental Implementation Organization
Component / Potential Impact Mitigation Measures / Responsible (supervisory) Cost
Project Phase Organization
the requirement of PEISS and instruction of the authority
(DENR-EMB-NCR)
4. Soil Contamination
(1) Pre-construction, Riverbed sediment during Mitigation measures: Implementation organization: Included in the
construction and dredging/ excavation works,  Confirmation of riverbed sediment quality through sediment Contractor, Proponent and Detail Design
operation and/or groundwater, or soil quality analysis by increasing the sampling points (e.g., Consultant Study, construction
contamination at the once pre 100 m along the river stretch) during the Detail Responsible (supervisory) cost as well as
disposal site by dumping of Design stage for further clarification of the possibility of organization: DENR-EMB operation and
dredged/ excavated soil contamination. maintenance cost
materials
5. Noise and vibration
(1) Construction Noise and vibration during  Surveying and identifying buildings/facilities necessary for Implementation organization: Included in the
and operation construction works due to special attention such as schools, hospitals/medical clinics Contractor, construction cost
operation of heavy and religious facilities nearby working sites. Responsible (supervisory) as well as
equipment and vehicles  Good maintenance of heavy equipment and dump trucks to organization: Proponent and operation and
be used for construction works, Consultant, and DENR-EMB maintenance cost
 Education of drivers and operators to observe and respect
driving and operation manners,
 Adjustments in the operation time of heavy equipment and
dump trucks, transportation route, transportation method (by
land or river), etc.,
 Regular communication with local residents near the
construction sites about the methodology and
implementation schedule of construction works, and
 Installation of sound abatement wall during construction
work in the vicinity of sensitive facilities such as
schools ,hospitals, and settlement areas, if necessary.
6. Offensive Odor
(1) Construction Generation of offensive  Regular communication with local residents near the Implementation organization: Included in the
odor during construction dredging/ excavation sites about methodology and Contractor construction cost

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 Environmental Implementation Organization
Component / Potential Impact Mitigation Measures / Responsible (supervisory) Cost
Project Phase Organization
works, such as dredging / implementation schedule of construction works, including Responsible (supervisory)
excavation, drying at the possibility of offensive odor for understanding, and organization: Proponent and
staging area and dumping of  Careful selection of staging area for minimizing the Consultant, and DENR-EMB
dredged/excavated potential impacts of offensive odor, especially for sensitive
materials facilities such as hospital, schools, etc.
7. Riverbed Sediment
(1) Pre-construction, Riverbed sediment Mitigation measures: Implementation organization: Included in the
construction and contamination associated  Confirmation of riverbed sediment quality through sediment Contractor, Proponent and Detail Design
operation with excavation and quality analysis by increasing the sampling points (e.g., Consultant/ Study, construction
dredging once pre 100 m along the river stretch) during the Detail Responsible (supervisory) cost as well as
Design stage for further clarification of the possibility of organization: DENR-EMB operation and
soil contamination. maintenance cost

Table 8.2.2 Environmental Management Plan for Potential Negative Impacts on Natural Environment
Environmental Implementation organization
Component / Potential Impact Mitigation Measures / Responsible (supervisory) Cost
Project Phase organization
1. Terrestrial Flora
(1) Construction Removal and loss of  Compliance with the conditions stipulated in the Implementation organization: Included in the
vegetation cover due to land permits/ clearances (e.g. ECC, Tree Cutting Permit, Contractor, construction cost
clearing Excavation Permit, etc.) issued for the Project, Responsible (supervisory)
 Providing a temporary fencing to vegetation to protect it organization: Proponent and
for minimizing vegetation clearing as much as possible, Consultant, DENR-PAWB,
and Concerned LGUs
 Appropriate plant species for greening and compensation
shall be planted.
Damage to plants during  Using markers and fences to direct heavy equipment in Implementation organization: Included in the
construction works the construction site and minimize damage to trees/ Contractor, construction cost
vegetation, and

191
 Environmental Implementation organization
Component / Potential Impact Mitigation Measures / Responsible (supervisory) Cost
Project Phase organization
 In case that the tree leaves are heavily covered by dust Responsible (supervisory)
around the construction sites, especially reclamation organization: Proponent and
work sites, watering on the trees shall be done. Consultant, DENR-PAWB,
Concerned LGUs
Impact on important local  Fencing of important species of plants such as those Implementation organization: Included in the
species and/or protected considered as endemic and threatened species in Contractor, construction cost
species of plants considerable size or length away from direct disturbance Responsible (supervisory)
of construction equipment, and organization: Proponent and
 In case of inevitable clearing of these species, Consultant, DENR-PAWB,
transplantation of the affected individuals and/or Concerned LGUs
compensation by the same species shall be done in a
suitable area.
2. Terrestrial Fauna
(1) Construction Disturbance and loss of  Compliance with the conditions stipulated in the Implementation organization: Included in the
habitat of terrestrial fauna permits/ clearances (e.g. ECC, Tree Cutting Permit, Contractor, construction cost
Excavation Permit, etc.) issued for the Project, Responsible (supervisory)
 Limiting land and land clearing as much as possible by organization: Proponent and
considering the construction method, Consultant, DENR-PAWB,
 To enhance the general environment of the project site, Concerned LGUs
by greening (re-vegetation) after land clearing shall be
implemented, and
 Using markers and fences to direct heavy equipment in
the construction site and minimize damage to the habitat
of wild animals.
Loss of individuals of fauna  Hunting of animals near or within the project sites shall Implementation organization: Included in the
species due to construction be avoided and enforced with the personnel staying in Contractor, construction cost
works the Project site, and Responsible (supervisory)
 Construction activities during night time should be organization: Proponent and
minimized to avoid artificial lighting and noise Consultant, DENR-PAWB,
disturbances. Concerned LGUs

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 Environmental Implementation organization
Component / Potential Impact Mitigation Measures / Responsible (supervisory) Cost
Project Phase organization
Impact on important local  A policy of no hunting or collection of fauna species Implementation organization: Included in the
species and/or protected shall be applied to all project-related laborers and other Contractor, construction cost
species personnel during construction. Responsible (supervisory)
organization: Proponent and
Consultant, DENR-PAWB,
Concerned LGUs

Table 8.2.3 Environmental Management Plan for Potential Negative Impacts on Social Environment
Implementation
Environmental Organization /
Component / Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible Cost
Project Phase (supervisory)
Organization
1. Involuntary Resettlement
(1) Pre-Construction and Construction
Relocation of  Appropriate resettlement action plan (RAP) must be prepared and DPWH To be determined
affected persons implemented based on RA 7279 and RA 10752, so that displaced persons Concerned LGUs in RAP
from the project area shall be provided with resettlement sites and alternative livelihood measures, NHA
(Right-Of-Way  Grievance redness system must be established and implemented to timely DSWD
(ROW) and river receive and properly solve complaints and grievances of PAPs, DTI
area), if any TESDA
 Adequate public consultations and IEC must be designed, planned and
DOLE
conducted prior to construction of the project in order to minimize social
impacts and increase acceptability of relocation and the project, and
 Living status of displaced persons must be regularly monitored by responsible
agencies and concerned LGUs, in order to maintain and improve the level of
quality of living of displaced persons.

193
 Implementation
Environmental Organization /
Component / Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible Cost
Project Phase (supervisory)
Organization
(2) Operation
Relocation of PAPs  Living status of displaced persons must be regularly monitored by responsible DPWH To be determined
from the project area agencies and concerned LGUs, in order to maintain and improve the level of Concerned LGUs in RAP
(Right-of-Way and quality of living of displaced persons. NHA, DSWD
river area), if any DTI, TESDA, DOLE
2. Poverty Group
(1) Pre-Construction and Construction
Increased  Provision of additional income and livelihood measures specifically targeting Concerned LGUs To be determined
vulnerability of poor households affected by the project. Measures include skills training, job NHA in RAP
impoverished PAPs placement, and access to capital, etc. DSWD
to disruptive impacts  Offer mental health and psychosocial support services. DTI
of project DOLE
implementation

(2) Operation
Increased  Regular monitoring of poor project affected households' standard of living by Concerned LGUs To be determined
vulnerability of responsible agencies and local government unit. NHA in RAP
impoverished PAPs DSWD
to disruptive impacts DTI
of project DOLE
implementation

3. Local Economy
(1) Pre-Construction
Loss of business in  Provide PAPs whose business was affected with assistance measures to Concerned LGUs To be determined
the local restore their business and its income and employment including opportunities NHA in RAP
communities to restore their business and contribute to business restoration in local DSWD
communities. DOLE
DTI

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 Implementation
Environmental Organization /
Component / Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible Cost
Project Phase (supervisory)
Organization
(2) Construction
Loss of business in  Implement and monitor measures to restore local economy through providing Concerned LGUs To be determined
the local assistance to affected local business. NHA in RAP
communities DSWD
DOLE
DTI
(3) Operation
Loss of business in  Further implement and monitor measures to restore local economy through Concerned LGUs To be determined
the local providing assistance to affected local business, since restoration may still take NHA in RAP
communities time after construction is completed. DSWD
DOLE
DTI

4. Land Use and Utilization of Local Resources

(1) Pre- Construction
Land acquisition for  Appropriate land acquisition must be implemented based on RA 10752, so DPWH To be determined
Project site (ROW that the compensation for affected land and other properties shall be properly Concerned LGUs in RAP
and river area), and conducted, DENR
necessary  Dissemination of necessity of project and expected contribution to Metro DTI
modification of land Manila and the whole country for understanding the justification of the
use Project through Public Consultation and IEC activities, and
 Provide all PAPs with appropriate compensation and entitlements depending
on eligibility as mandated by law, and as commensurate to value of assets lost.

195
 Implementation
Environmental Organization /
Component / Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible Cost
Project Phase (supervisory)
Organization
5. Water Use and River Dependency
(1) Pre-Construction and Construction
Limited accessibility  Appropriate consultation and coordination must be made among all concerned DPWH To be included in
to water use and/or agencies and communities to be affected about the constraint in accessibility Concerned LGUs the construction
river area usage to the river as well as possible measure/s for mitigation and/or compensation. The Contractor cost
(2) Operation
Limited accessibility  Design and installation of stairs or other appropriate facilities on the flood DPWH To be included in
to water use and/or control structures for improving accessibility to the river. Concerned LGUs the maintenance
river area usage The Consultant for D/D cost
6. Existing Social Infrastructure and Services
(1) Pre-Construction and Construction
Limited accessibility  If the social facilities are not required to be relocated, but located near to DPWH To be included in
to social construction site, construction plan and method shall be well prepared and Concerned LGUs the construction
infrastructures and carefully implemented so that sensitive facilities must not to be damaged, and The Contractor cost
services located  Appropriate consultation and coordination must be made among all concerned
within or vicinity of agencies and communities for further seeking possible measures not to
the project area relocate and if not, for seeking measures for proper relocation.
(2) Operation
Limited accessibility  Status of relocated facilities and its activities and operations be monitored by DPWH To be included in
to social the proponent and concerned LGUs in order to assist in improving activities Concerned LGUs the maintenance
infrastructures and and operations. cost
services located
within or vicinity of
the project area

196
 Implementation
Environmental Organization /
Component / Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible Cost
Project Phase (supervisory)
Organization

7. Misdistribution of Benefits/ Local Conflicts of Interest

(1) Pre-Construction/ Construction and Operation
Misdistribution of  Dissemination of necessity of project and expected contribution to Metro DPWH To be determined
benefits and social Manila and the whole country for understanding the justification of the Concerned LGUs in RAP
cost among local Project through Public Consultation and IEC activities, NHA
residents  Provide all PAPs with appropriate compensation and entitlements depending DSWD
on eligibility as mandated by law, and as commensurate to the value of assets DOLE
lost, and DTI
 Offset income loss with appropriate monetary compensation, assistance in the
form of skills training, job placements, or other livelihood programs, as
applicable.
Differing severity of  Provide all PAPs with just and equitable compensation and entitlements DPWH To be determined
adverse impacts, and depending on eligibility as mandated by law, and as commensurate to the Concerned LGUs in RAP
unequal value of assets lost, NHA
compensation among  Offset income loss with appropriate monetary compensation, assistance in the DSWD
PAPs form of skills training, job placements, or other livelihood programs, as DOLE
applicable, DTI
 Disseminate grievance procedures to PAPs, and
 Offer mental health and psychosocial support services.
8. Gender and Socially Vulnerable Groups
(1) Pre-Construction and Construction
Vulnerable  Provide appropriate compensation or sustainable income generating programs DPWH To be determined
households at a necessary for vulnerable groups to counteract the disadvantages inherent to Concerned LGUs in RAP
higher risk of falling their circumstances. NHA
into poverty DSWD
DOLE
DTI

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 Implementation
Environmental Organization /
Component / Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible Cost
Project Phase (supervisory)
Organization
 Ensure adequate access to services in the resettlement sites, including
livelihood options, schools, health facilities, water supply, and transport to
mitigate adverse effects of relocation for vulnerable groups.
 Offer mental health and psychosocial support services.
(2) Operation
Vulnerable  Regular monitoring of relocated project affected vulnerable groups. DPWH To be determined
households at a Concerned LGUs in RAP
higher risk of falling NHA
into poverty or DSWD
becoming financially DOLE
worse-off after DTI
project
implementation.

9. Rights of Children
(1) Pre-Construction and Construction
Disruption of  Ensure decent housing and presence of fully functional basic utilities/ Concerned LGUs To be included in
schooling and facilities like schools and clinics before project-affected children are NHA the construction
possible harm to relocated. DSWD cost
children’s well-  Include open spaces for play and recreation in the relocation sites. DOLE
being. DTI
 Offer mental health and psychosocial support services.
10. Labor Environment (including Occupational Safety)
(1) Construction
Accidents during Mitigation measures: DPWH To be included in
construction works  Preparation of Health and Safety Plan to be prepared by the Contractor prior The Contractor the construction
to start of construction referring to DOLE D.O 13, cost
Concerned LGUs
 Monitoring of health and safety performance and indicators by the Contractor,
TESDA

198
 Implementation
Environmental Organization /
Component / Impact Mitigation Measures Responsible Cost
Project Phase (supervisory)
Organization
 Provision of safety education to construction workers, DOLE
 Provision and mandatory requirement for workers to wear PPEs, DTI
 Posting of appropriate safety signs and traffic advisories at strategic areas in
the construction site, and
 Provision of sufficient lighting at unsafe areas during nighttime.

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8.3 Compliance with ECC Conditions
The conditions described in the ECC (1998) shall be followed and fulfilled by the proponent
(DPWH) as stated. Compliance with ECC shall be monitored by the DPWH and a Multipartite
Monitoring Team (MMT) to be set up in the proposed Phase IV Project. Construction contractor/s
is also mandated to comply with the ECC conditions. For each ECC conditions, the following
actions are proposed to be taken:
Table 8.3.1 List of ECC Conditions and Action to be Taken for Compliance
No. ECC Conditions (EIS 1998) Action to be Taken
I. Pre-construction and Construction Stage
1 This Certificate covers only the improvement of Pasig and Marikina river channel including
construction and operation of water front amenities and Marikina Control Gate Structures
having the following project activities/components;

River Stretch Scope of Work

Pasig River: 6.84 km Raising of existing parapet wall and rehabilitation
(River mouth to Sun Juan River) of revetment.
Pasig River: 9.76 km Raising of existing parapet wall and rehabilitation
(San Juan River to Napindan Channel) of revetment.
Lower Marikina River: 5.58 km Dredging/excavation, provision of new parapet
(Napindan Channel to Marikina Control wall and rehabilitation of revetment.
Gate Structure; MCGS)
MCGS and Upper Marikina River: 1.21 Construction of MCGS, dredging/excavation,
km (MCGS to Mangahan Floodway) raising of embankment.
Upper Marikina River: 6.43 km Excavation and raising of embankment.
(Mangahan Floodway to Sto. Nino)

2 All other permits from pertinent To be complied by DPWH in assistance with the
government agencies shall be secured services of the Consultant employed by DPWH.
before project implementation. Likewise,
the proponent should submit a
Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with
Local Government Units (LGUs)
pertaining to the preparation of maps
identifying/showing the flood prone
barangays, profile of the poor which
include the families living in high risk
location along the Pasig-Marikina Rivers,
preparation of disaster management plan
including response to flooding and
greening and maintenance of project
amenities as well as with the Pasig River
Rehabilitation Project relative to the
resettlement plan for the affected families.
3 A detailed construction design and To be compiled upon the conclusion of Contract
contract documents shall be submitted to between DPWH and Contractor, prior to the start
this Office one (1) month prior to the start of construction.
of construction.
4 A Construction Contractor’s To be complied by the Construction Contractor in
Environmental Program (CCEP) shall be accordance with the Conditions/Technical
submitted to this Office for approval Specification of the Contract between the
30’days before the start of construction Contractor and DPWH.
which should contain among others,
definite mitigation measures such as
proper disposal of spoils and waste
materials, excess concrete and wash water
from transit mixers and others.
5 The project proponent shall conduct To be complied through the Project Consultant
orientation for resident engineers and employed by DPWH. Multi-media information

200
No. ECC Conditions (EIS 1998) Action to be Taken
contractor who will undertake and education campaign is one of scope of services of
implement the project, to apprise them of Consultant.
the conditions/stipulations of the ECC and
the necessary measures that will mitigate
adverse environmental impacts, and
submit reports of such orientation to this
Office, copy furnished the Multipartite
Monitoring Team (MMT).
6 A multi-media information education To be complied through the Project Consultant
campaign shall be implemented by the employed by DPWH. Multi-media information
proponent covering the immediate areas education campaign is one of scope of services of
as well as adjacent and affected cities. The Consultant.
target public will include the local
government unit officials and residents
concerned, basic sectors which will
include NGOs and POs.
7 A billboard measuring 0.5 meters by 1.0 To be complied by the Contractor in accordance
meter bearing “ECC-98-NCR-QC301 with the Conditions/Technical Specification of the
issued pursuant to P.D. 1586” shall be Contract between the Contractor and DPWH.
displayed in a conspicuous location at the
project site for identification and
guidance.
8 In case that the construction of the project To be complied by the Contractor in accordance
temporarily stopped due to financial with the Conditions/Technical Specification of the
reason or forced majeure, measures to Contract between the Contractor and DPWH.
project and safeguard the adjacent
properties and the general public should
be strictly observed.
II. Operation Stage
9 All restoration works/grading of the To be complied by the Contractor in accordance
exposed grounds shall be immediately with the Conditions/Technical Specification of the
undertaken after construction all in Contract between the Contractor and DPWH.
accordance with the Technical
Specifications of the Contract.
10 Planting of trees/shrubs/ornamental plants To be complied by inclusion in the detailed design
or landscape activities shall be undertaken and conditions/technical specification of the
to contribute to the aesthetic value of the Contract with the Contractor.
area and to compensate for the lost
capability of the area to absorb carbon
dioxide.
III. Others
11 A separate Initial Environmental To be carried out by the consultant during the
Examination (IEE) or an Environmental detailed design, including coordination with
Impact Statement (EIS) shall be prepared concerned agencies, collection data/information,
and submitted to this Office for the site reconnaissance, data consolidation, etc.
designated/chosen disposal site.
12 The proponent shall set up/provide a Submitted on May 27, 1999.
Contractor’s All Risk Insurance (CARI)
and Quick Response Fund (QRF) to
compensate/ cover expenses for
indemnification of damages to life, health,
property and environment caused by the
project and further environmental
assessment. The QRF shall be established
and committed through a Memorandum of
Agreement (MOA) between and among
the proponent, the LGU concerned, Non-
governmental Organization’s (NGO) and

201
No. ECC Conditions (EIS 1998) Action to be Taken
affected parties within sixty days (60)
after the issuance of the ECC.
13 The Department of Public Works and To be complied by DPWH. DPWH EU is
Highways (DPWH) Environmental Unit Environmental and Social Service Office. Project
(EU) together with the Project Management Office is PMO-Major Flood Control
Management Office and Technical Projects, Cluster I. Environmental monitoring is
Consultants shall supervise the one of scope of works of consultancy services of
contractors, implement the EMP and other the Consultant to be employed by DPWH.
measures that may be required by this
Office during construction and operation
phases.
14 All the proposed environmental To be complied by DPWH.
management measures contained in the
submitted documents shall be effected.
15 Project implementation and maintenance To be complied by DPWH.
throughout its lifespan shall strictly
conform with the submitted documents,
any modification from the approved
project scope shall be covered by another
ECC application.
16 Should adverse impact occur as a result of To be complied by DPWH.
project operations, all the activities
causing the same shall be immediately
stopped, remedial measures shall be
effected and all damages to life and
property will be properly compensated to
all aggrieved parties.
17 The project proponent shall allocate funds To be complied by DPWH. (Environmental
or provide the financial requirements of monitoring including preparation and operation
the Multipartite Monitoring Team (MMT) for MMT is one of scope of works of consultancy
and shall allow the same to conduct services of the Consultant to be employed by
inspection/monitoring in the entire project DPWH.)
area without prior notice to oversee
compliance to ECC conditions and to
determine the residual impacts to the
environment.
18 Additional ECC condition(s) shall be To be complied.
imposed if findings to protect the
environment warrants.
19 Any false information contained in the To be complied.
submitted documents and non-disclosure
of vital information which led to the
issuance of the ECC shall render the same
null and void and a ground for filing of
appropriate legal charges.
20 This Certificate shall be posted in a To be complied.
conspicuous place in the Field Office for
easy reference and guidance.
21 The project proponent shall submit to this To be complied. (Environmental monitoring
Office a quarterly environmental including preparation of quarterly environmental
monitoring report based on the monitoring reports is one of scope of works of
submitted/approved environmental consultancy services of the Consultant to be
monitoring plan. employed by DPWH.)
22 In case the project proponent cannot To be complied.
comply with any of the conditions for
technical reasons, a written approval from
the DENR-NCR shall be secured first
prior to implementation.

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8.4 Possible Required Environmental Permission for Phase IV
The following table shows the environmental permissions to be possibly required for the
implementation of Phase IV:
Table 8.4.1 Environmental Permissions to be Possibly Required
Requested Schedule for
No. Necessary Permission Approved by
by Application
1 ECC for Disposal of Excavated/Dredged DENR-EMB- DPWH Upon
Materials NCR completion of
the Detailed
As per conditioned in the ECC for EIS Design Study.
(1998) that any modification from the Prior to start of
approved project scope shall be covered construction.
by another ECC application, in case to
develop disposal/backfill site for
excavated materials in the Phase IV, it is
deemed that an amendment of the ECC
or separate ECC is required. DPWH, the
Proponent, shall secure a separate ECC
during the stage of Detailed Design
Study.
2 LLDA Clearance LLDA DPWH Prior to start of
construction.
Project proposed by DPWH within the
Laguna de Bay Region is required to
secure LLDA Clearance in accordance
with Resolution No.223, Series of 2004,
including clearance for disposal of
excavated/dredged materials.
3 Disposal/Backfilling of Excavated/ LGU (where the DPWH Pre-construction
Dredged Materials disposal/backfill Stage.
site is bound)
4 Permission for Passage of Heavy PCG (Philippine DPWH with Prior to start of
Construction Equipment/Barge Coastal Guard) Contractor construction
MMDA activities.
LGUs
5 Construction Activities LGUs Contractor Prior to start of
construction
activities.

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 8.5 Information Disclosure and Implementation of IEC
(1) Stakeholder Meetings
DPWH, with assistance of the review survey team for Phase IV, coordinated stakeholder meetings
in the concerned LGUs and agencies as shown in the table below. The meetings were held mainly
aimed at dissemination and consultation on the river channel alignment, social impacts of the
project, census tagging, socio-economic survey, necessity of resettlement and RAP, etc. As results
of a series of stakeholder meetings so far, river channel alignment was basically agreed and no
significant disagreement or objection from the stakeholders including the project affected
community.
Table 8.5.1 Record of Stakeholder Meetings (Including Both Phase IV and V)
Target Area/
No. Date Time Venue Participants Discussion Topic
Stakeholder
1 January 10:00 – Municipality of Municipality City Engineer Briefing of project plan and
5, 2015 11:30 San Mateo Hall of San necessity of community
Mateo consultation
2 January 15:00 – Barangay Barangay Informal Briefing of project plan,
13, 2015 17:00 Banaba, San Banaba Settlers (50 Necessity of displacement of
Mateo Multipurpose nos.) and people who are living in the
Hall Homeowners’ river channel alignment, and
Board commencement of census
Members, San tagging and socio-economic
Mateo survey
3 January 09:35 – Marikina City Marikina City City Mayor, Briefing of project plan, river
22, 2015 12:05 Hall City Engineer, channel alignment, potential
City Official impacts on existing social
infrastructures, consultation on
Resettlement Action Plan
(RAP).
4 January 09:00 – Pasig City Pasig City City Mayor, Briefing of project plan, river
29, 2015 11:45 Hall City Engineer channel alignment, potential
impacts on existing social
infrastructures and
development plans such as
Circulo Verde.
5 February 09:00 – Quezon City Quezon City City Mayor, Briefing of project plan, river
4, 2015 12:12 Hall City Engineer channel alignment and
commencement of census
tagging and socio-economic
survey, RAP preparation,
necessity of community
consultation.
6 February 09:15 – Pasig City Pasig City City Engineer, Conduct of a survey of river
6, 2015 10:55 Hall City Official channel alignment and
(Urban Poor potential impact on Informal
Affairs Office) Settler Families (ISFs).
7 February 10:00 – Joint LGU Quezon City City Engineer, Consultation for finalization
16, 2015 11:25 Meeting Hall City Official for river channel alignment
(Quezon, (Urban Poor and facility design.
Marikina, San Affairs Office)
Mateo)
8 February 13:30 – Joint LGU Luxent Hotel, City Engineer, Consultation for finalization
24, 2015 16:20 Meeting Quezon City City Official for river channel alignment
(Quezon, and necessity of land
Marikina, San acquisition and resettlement of
Mateo) project affected people due to
the project.

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 Target Area/
No. Date Time Venue Participants Discussion Topic
Stakeholder
9 March 3, 13:30 – Joint LGU Marikina City City Engineer, Presentation/consultation on
2015 15:20 Meeting Hall City Official river channel alignment and
(Quezon City, (Community impacts on related LGUs of
Marikina City, Development the project.
San Mateo) Office,
CSWDO,
Urban Poor
Assess Office,
etc.)
10 March 10:30 – Pasig City Pasig City City Official Information exchange on
10, 2015 12:00 Hall (City Housing potential social impacts of the
Regulatory project in the area of Pasig
Unit) City.
11 March 13:30 – Joint LGU Sulo Riviera City Engineer, Presentation of revised river
10, 2015 16:00 Meeting Hotel, City Official, channel alignment after
(Quezon, Quezon City Engineer of ground survey and social
Marikina, San MWCI impacts of the project.
Mateo) and
MWCI
12 March 13:30 – Joint LGU Marikina City City Engineer, Consultation for agreement on
17, 2015 15:30 Meeting Hall City Official, revised river channel
(Marikina, San Engineer of alignment at Malanday area
Mateo) and MWCI and Nangka River.
MWCI
13 March 13:40 – MWCI MWCI Engineer, Consultation on river channel
23, 2015 15:15 building Official of alignment and alignment of
MWCI MWCI water pipelines
*: Number in ( ) means number of female participants.

(2) Public Consultation Meetings

A series of Public Consultation Meeting (PCM) was held in the project affected areas along the
Phase IV section. A total of four (4) times of PCM was planned, consisting of two (2) times in
Marikina City, one (1) time in Pasig City and one (1) time in Quezon City. Of which three (3)
times of PCM was held including 2 times in Marikina City and one (1) time in Quezon City.
Regarding Pasig City, PCM has yet to be held as of the end of June 2015 and postponed for a
while following the request of the city government to avoid the potential conflict among
community stakeholders and the city government.
There were 244 participants to the three (3) PCMs in total including those from proponent side as
shown in the table below. After two presentations regrading (1) project description and (2)
environmental and social considerations aspect were made, an open forum was held, in which
active discussions were held, in each PCM. There were no strong opinions on objection for the
Project. The details of the PCM were incorporated in ANNEX-5.
Table 8.5.2 Summary of Public Consultation Meetings (PCM) for Phase IV
No. Date Time Target Area Venue Participants
1 June 1, 14:00 – Barangays Jesus De La Barangay Jesus Dela Total: 69
2015 16.27 Peña, Tañong, Barangka, Peña, Multipurpose Hall LGU Official: 8
Industrial Valley, Local Community: 47
Marikina City Proponent Side: 14
2 June 3, 14:00 – Barangays Sto. Nino, Barangay Calumpang, Total: 63
2015 16:23 Santa Elena (Pob.), San Multipurpose Gym LGU Official: 10
Roque, Calumpang, Local Community: 38
Marikina City Proponent Side: 15

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No. Date Time Target Area Venue Participants
3 June 5, 09:00 – Barangays Blue Ridge B, Barangay Bagumbayan, Total: 112
2015 11:45 Ibis, Bagumbayan, Multipurpose Hall LGU Official: 7
Ugong Norte, Local Community: 95
Quezon City Proponent Side: 10

(3) Other Information Disclosure

Information on not only environmental and social concerns but also structural design will be
disclosed properly and adequately in accordance with JICA Guidelines for Environmental and
Social Considerations.
Stakeholders can access the information such as EIS (1998) for PMRCIP, this updated EIS for
Phase IV (2015), results of detailed design, etc., at the following agencies. In this regard,
stakeholders may request the explanation with local language (Tagalog).
a) DPWH-UPMO-FCMC (Unified Project Management Office for Flood Control
Management Cluster) in Port Area, Manila City.
b) DPWH-ESSD (Environmental and Social Safeguards Division), Central Office of DPWH,
Port Area, Manila City, including website of ESSD.
c) LGUs: Pasig, Marikina and Quezon Cities.
There are also disclosed at barangay halls of the affected barangays in each city. Such disclosure
shall start as soon as this updated EIS for Phase IV is completed and last until completion of the
project. The document shall be available at any time for perusal by project stakeholders such as
local residents during project’s life and copying is permitted. Disclosure of EIS report shall be
informed through public distribution of brochures.
(3) Implementation of IEC
Perception survey for the project conducted in the source of the environmental survey revealed
that only 44 % of respondents aware of the Project (Refer to Section5.4.14), suggesting there is
need of dissemination about the Project to local community. This need can be responded to with
a campaign activity for information dissemination.
The Information Education and Communication (IEC) activity shall have the following
objectives:
a) To disseminate vital information about the Project, objectives, phased implementation,
activities involved, and impacts,
b) To reach as wide an audience among major stakeholders of the Project,
c) To provide a venue for these stakeholders to discuss the Project,
d) To enable the affected residents to have a sense of ownership of the Project, which will lead
to a greater support and cooperation from the public, and
e) To encourage community participation in responding to flooding as a major community
problem.
Cost for IEC is to be included in the cost of consulting engineering services for the Phase IV as
the same as ongoing Phase II and III. In the scope of consulting engineering service for PMRCIP
Phase II and III, the consultant has continuously been conducting various information campaigns
in the Project area that belongs to Manila City, Mandaluyong City, Makati City, and Pasig City.
The campaigns are coordinated for various target groups such as government officials, general
public, and students. The contents of the campaign cover many educational subjects such as
importance of flood control, and necessity of river bank management work, etc.
For Phase IV, the IEC shall be planned and carried out based on the performance for Phase II and
III and evaluation result of its effectiveness.

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8.6 Institutional Plan for Environmental Management and Monitoring
The institutional plan intends to delineate the roles and responsibilities of the key players who
will be directly involved in the implementation of environmental management and monitoring of
the Project in general and the EMP in particular.
It is reasonable to continue using the existing organizational structure and MMT of Phase III for
the proposed Phase IV, but it needs to meet the LGUs binding the Project IV area and additional/
new members for disposal/ backfilling site to be developed for the dredged/ excavated materials
(Refer to Chapter 9).
The following shown on Figure 8.6.1 is institutional relationship expected for Phase IV of
PMRCIP for environmental management and monitoring.
(1) DPWH-UPMO-FCMC (Proponent)
EIS (1998) concluded that the overall environmental impact would be positive and that the overall
benefit to society would outweigh the overall negative impact.
DPWH-UPMO-FCMC as proponent of the Project must appoint Environmental Officer (EO) who
is responsible for environmental issue of the Project. The EO shall be tasked with the followings:
 To coordinate with the LGUs and the DENR on all the environmental aspect during pre-
construction and construction stages of the Project,
 To monitor all activities relative to the ECC conditions to ensure compliance of all
requirements,
 To coordinate with the DENR on all environmental monitoring activities,
 To actively participate in the periodic consultations with all concerned LGUs and GAs on the
various environmental impact issues of the Project,
 To maintain records on all matters concerning the environmental aspects of the Project,
 To prepare environmental status reports of the Project during the construction stage and
consolidate these reports for periodical submittal to the DENR, and
 To prepare an environmental completion report of the project after the completion of
construction works of the Project, Phase IV.
(2) Construction Supervision (C/S) Consultants
The C/S Consultants, personnel/s in charge of environmental management and monitoring in
particular, will assist the Proponent, DPWH-UPMO-FCMC, in facilitating all the necessary tasks
and activities concerning the environmental aspects of the Project. The C/S Consultants shall
assign Environment Expert.
(3) Contractor
The Contractor shall be bound by the Contract Agreement with DPWH to implement the sound
environmental protection, remedial and safety measures in the execution of the construction
works, and to comply with all requirements of ECC conditions and EMP. To ensure this, the
Contractor shall have in its employ an Environmental Officer / Safety Officer who should be an
expert in environmental engineering/ management system and safety in the construction works
site.
(4) Concerned LGUs
The LGUs related with Phase IV, Pasig, Marikina, Quezon, and Taguig cities, shall be aptly
represented in the MMT. It should coordinate closely with the DPHW, the Proponent and DENR-
EMB-NCR, the Regulatory Agency, and Community Stakeholders for ensuring sound
management of the Project for mitigation of environmental adverse impacts in their respective
administrative areas.

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 JICA LOCAL COMMUNITY
Information Education
STAKEHOLDERS
and Communication
Report
Complaints, Submission Submission (Periodical Issuance of CER
Concerns Summary of Report of MMT
PROPONENT
Complaints Meeting)
(DPWH-UPMO-FCMC/ ESSD) Evaluation
Environmental Officer
Submission
MMT (Multi-Partite Validation REGULATORY
CMR/SMR
Monitoring Team)
C/S CONSULTANT AGENCY
Recommendation - DENR-EMB-NCR
Environmental Expert Submission (CMVR DENR-EMB-NCR
Validation of - Concerned LGUs (City of attached with
CMR/SMR Pasig, Marikina,
Monitoring Team CMR/SMR)
Quezon and Taguig)

ICP Team - NGOs (KBPIP)

- Concerned GAs (MMDA,
LLDA, PRRC, NSWMC)
CCEP
(Construction Contractor’s - DPWH-UPMO-FCMC
Field
Environmental Program) Validation
Field Monitoring/ Sampling
THE CONTRACTOR

(CONSTRUCTION WORKS) CMR: Compliance Monitoring Report CMVR: Compliance Monitoring and Validation Report
SMR: Self-Monitoring Report CER: Compliance Evaluation Report
Figure 8.6.1 Institutional Relationship for Environmental Management and Monitoring for PMRCIP, Phase IV

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(5) Concerned GAs
The GAs related with Phase IV, MMDA, LLDA, PRRC and NSWMC, shall be aptly represented
in the MMT. It should coordinate closely with the DPHW, the Proponent and DENR-EMB-NCR,
and the Regulatory Agency for ensuring sound management of the Project for mitigation of
environmental adverse impacts in their respective mandates and jurisdictions.
(6) MMT
The Multipartite Monitoring Team (MMT) is a multi-stakeholder body shall be organized to
monitor compliance with ECC conditions, measures set out in the EMP and pertinent DENR rules
and regulations. The MMT shall also serve as an independent evaluator that will provide check,
balance and objectivity to the entire environmental monitoring process. It is to be chaired by
DENR-EMB-NCR, the Regulatory Agency for the environmental impacts of project. The table
below shows expected constituents and its roles:
Table 8.6.1 Expected MMT Constituents
Constituents Roles
DENR-EMB-NCR MMT Chairperson
DPWH-UPMO-FCMC (Proponent) MMT Vice Chairperson/ Secretariat
LGUs:
Pasig City Member
Quezon City Member
Marikina City Member
Taguig City Member
Concerned Government Agencies:
MMDA Member
LLDA Member
PRRC Member
NSWMC Member
（Add or replace them with most appropriate
government agencies for Project Phase IV）
Non-Governmental Organization (NGOs)
KBPIP Member

Necessary operation costs of EMP and MMT shall be borne by DPWH as cost for consulting
services of Phase IV in the Project Cost.
(7) Local Community Stakeholders

Homeowners Associations and People’s Organizations as well as industrial and/or commercial

establishment associations in the brangays along Marikina River could be considered as Local
Community Stakeholders in relation to the environmental management and monitoring for
PMRCIP Phase IV. Currently, MMT is formed of members without local cimmunity
stakeholders although PEIS has been encouraging public participation, promoting vigilance
amongst stakeholders and providing appropriate check and balance mechanisms in monitoring
the project implementation.

From the institutional views, the local community stakeholders could be represented by the
barangay officials so that MMT shall send the periodical report on environmental monitoring
and receive the summarized complaints at periodical meeting of MMT.

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 CHAPTER 9 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

9.1 Overview of Environmental Monitoring for Phase IV

The Environmental Monitoring Plan for the Phase IV will cover the pre-construction, construction
and operation phases of the Project. This summarizes what important parameters will be
monitored and where, which methodologies will be used in monitoring, and how frequent will be
for measurements.
The Monitoring Plan will basically cover the following:
a) Compliance monitoring for ECC conditions issued for EIS (1998) and EMP in this Updated
EIS,
b) Environmental Quality Monitoring (air quality, water quality, solid wastes (volume of
excavated materials), soil contamination (quality of riverbed sediment and excavated
materials), noise and vibration, terrestrial flora and fauna), and
c) Socio-economic Monitoring (potential impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement
including land use, water use and river dependency, existing social infrastructures and
services, misdistribution of benefit and damage/ local conflicts of interest, and labor
environment).
Monitoring frequencies and parameters of the Phase IV are set referring to those for Phase II and
III. Additional monitoring activities, which are to be conducted in the vicinity of respective
construction sites, will be included in Construction Contractor’s Environmental Program (CCEP)
which is mandated for a contractor to submit to the proponent (DPWH-UPMO-FCMC).
9.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan
The following tables show the environmental monitoring plans for the potential negative impacts
with the magnitude of Significant (A-), To some extent (B-) or Unknown (C-) (refer to Table
9.1.5) based on river channel improvement works and RAP of the Project Phase IV:

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 Table 9.2.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan for Physical-Chemical Environment
Implementation Cost*
Environmental Component /
Methodology Monitoring Locations Monitoring Period / Frequency organization / Responsible (Direct survey
Monitoring item
(supervisory) organization cost)
1. Air Quality
Dust (TSP), NO2, Sampling and laboratory Nearest receptor from the Pre-construction Phase: Implementation To be estimated
SO2 analysis project site and sensitive  Once immediately before the organization: Contractor, in D/D Study of
facilities / construction work as baseline Responsible (supervisory) Phase IV
4 locations (residential condition organization: Proponent and
area near the project site): Construction Phase: Consultant, and DENR
Near Marikina Bridge,  Quarterly (once / 3 months)
Provident village, throughout the construction
phase
Brgy. Santolan, and
Operation Phase:
Near MCGS.  Once within 3 months after
completion of construction
work
2. Water Quality
DO, BOD, TSS, Oil and Sampling and laboratory Phase IV Stretch of Construction Phase: Implementation To be estimated
Grease analysis Marikina River /  Bi-monthly (once / 2 months) organization: Contractor, in D/D Study of
4 locations: Same as throughout the construction Responsible (supervisory) Phase IV
stationary monitoring phase organization: Proponent and
below: Consultant, and DENR
Marikina Bridge,
Marcos Bridge,
Manalo Bridge, and
Downstream of MCGS.
Color, Temp. pH, DO, Sampling and laboratory Phase IV Stretch of Pre-construction Phase: Implementation To be estimated
BOD, TSS, TDS, Oil and analysis Marikina River /  Once immediately before the organization: Contractor, in D/D Study of
grease, MBSA, Nitrate as 4 locations (stationary construction work Responsible (supervisory) Phase IV
N, Phosphate as P, monitoring): Construction Phase: organization: Proponent and
Phenols, Total Coliform, Consultant, and DENR

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 Implementation Cost*
Environmental Component /
Methodology Monitoring Locations Monitoring Period / Frequency organization / Responsible (Direct survey
Monitoring item
(supervisory) organization cost)
Chloride, 7 parameters of Marikina Bridge,  Semi-annually (once / 6
heavy metals (Cupper Marcos Bridge, months) throughout the
(Cu), Chromium (Cr), construction phase
Mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), Manalo Bridge, and Operation Phase:
Cadmium (Cd), Cyanide Downstream of MCGS.  Once within 3 months after
(CN) and Arsenic (As)), completion of construction
Organophosphate work
Pesticide (OPP),
Turbidity, Salinity, and
Conductivity
Ditto Sampling and laboratory Phase IV Stretch of Construction Phase: Implementation To be estimated
analysis Marikina River / Intensive monitoring (3 times) organization: Contractor, in D/D Study of
2 locations (downstream during the construction phase Responsible (supervisory) Phase IV
of dredging/excavation organization: Proponent and
site) Consultant, and DENR
3. Solid Wastes
Generation of solid wastes Checking the data and All the construction works Construction Phase: Implementation To be included in
(type, volume, treatment consolidation on waste sites  Continuously (when generated organization: Contractor, the construction
(re-use, recycle, etc.) and generation and disposal the solid wastes) throughout the Responsible (supervisory) cost
disposal method, to be sub-contracted to construction phase organization: Proponent and
including those of accredited waste Consultant, and DENR
dredged/excavated contractor
materials and demolished
structures)
4. Soil Contamination / Riverbed Sediment (Excavated Materials Quality)
Arsenic (As), Cadmium Sampling and laboratory 80 locations along the Detailed Design Stage Implementation To be included in
(Cd), Lead (Pb), Total analysis (Elutriate test) Phase IV stretch of  Once during the D/D Stage organization: Contractor, the cost for D/D
Mercury (T-Hg), Cyanide Marikina River at the Pre-construction Phase: Responsible (supervisory) Study
(CN-), Hexavalent locations of excavation /  Depends on the monitoring organization: Proponent and
Chromium (Cr6+), PCB results of D/D Study Consultant, and DENR

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 Implementation Cost*
Environmental Component /
Methodology Monitoring Locations Monitoring Period / Frequency organization / Responsible (Direct survey
Monitoring item
(supervisory) organization cost)
and Organophosphate dredging works are to be Construction Phase:
Pesticides (OPP) conducted.  Depends on the monitoring
results of D/D Study
Operation Phase:
 Depends on the monitoring
results of D/D Study
Arsenic (As), Cadmium Sampling and laboratory 80 locations along the Detailed Design Stage Implementation To be included in
(Cd), Lead (Pb), Total analysis (TCLP test) Phase IV stretch of  Once during the D/D Stage organization: Contractor, the cost for D/D
Mercury (T-Hg), Cyanide Marikina River at the Pre-construction Phase: Responsible (supervisory) Study
(CN-), Total Chromium locations of excavation /  Depends on the monitoring organization: Proponent and
(T-Cr) dredging works are to be results of D/D Study Consultant, and DENR
conducted. Construction Phase:
 Depends on the monitoring
results of D/D Study
Operation Phase:
 Depends on the monitoring
results of D/D Study
5. Noise and Vibration
Noise level and vibration Field measurement Nearest receptor from the Pre-construction Phase: Implementation To be included in
(vibration level, project site and sensitive  Once immediately before the organization: Contractor, the cost for D/D
displacement velocity, facility / construction work Responsible (supervisory) study
acceleration, frequency) 4 locations: (residential Construction Phase: organization: Proponent and
area near the project site):  Monthly (once / months) Consultant, and DENR
Near Marikina Bridge, throughout the construction
Provident village, phase
Operation Phase:
Brgy. Santolan, and
 Once within 3 months after
Near MCGS. completion of construction
work

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 Implementation Cost*
Environmental Component /
Methodology Monitoring Locations Monitoring Period / Frequency organization / Responsible (Direct survey
Monitoring item
(supervisory) organization cost)
6. Tree Cutting/Re-planting
Number, size and species Field suvey and Project affected area Pre-construction Phase: Implementation To be included in
of trees to be cut/removal measurement (River stretch of Phase  Once before the construction organization: Contractor, the cost for D/D
IV) work for survey/inventory and Responsible (supervisory) Study and
field measurement during D/D organization: Proponent and construction.
Study Consultant, and DENR
Construction Phase:
 Before the construction work
from sectionto section
Operation Phase:
 Location, number and species
of tree planting and/or provision
of siddlings.

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 Table 9.2.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan for Natural Environment
Implementation
Environmental Component
Methodology Monitoring Locations Monitoring Period / Frequency organization / Responsible Cost
/Monitoring Item
(supervisory) organization
1. Terrestrial Flora and Fauna including Threatened species.
Affected area (area of Checking the ROW and All the project area (ROW Pre-construction Phase: Implementation organization: Included in the
vegetation clearing) affected trees by and the river area for  Once before the construction Contractor, construction
inventory survey clearance) work for inventory during D/S Responsible (supervisory) cost
Study organization: Proponent and
Construction Phase: Consultant, and DENR-
 At any time throughout the CENRO, and concerned
construction phase LGUs
Operation Phase:
 Once within 3 months after
completion of construction
work
Terrestrial flora and fauna Transect and census Project affected area Pre-construction Phase: Implementation organization: To be included
and biodiversity, surveys) (River stretch of Phase  Once before the construction Contractor, in the cost for
including threatened IV) work during D/D Study Responsible (supervisory) D/D study
species/individuals Construction Phase: organization: Proponent and
 Once in the middle of Consultant, and DENR-
construction phase PAWB
Operation Phase:
 Once within 3 months after
completion of construction
work
2. Aquatic Biota
Aquatic biota Sampling and laboratory Project affected area Pre-construction Phase: Implementation organization: To be included
analysis (River stretch of Phase  Once before the construction Contractor, in the cost for
IV) work during D/D Study Responsible (supervisory) D/D study
Construction Phase: organization: Proponent and

215
 Implementation
Environmental Component
Methodology Monitoring Locations Monitoring Period / Frequency organization / Responsible Cost
/Monitoring Item
(supervisory) organization
 Once in the middle of Consultant, and DENR-
construction phase PAWB
Operation Phase:
Once within 3 months after
completion of construction work

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 Table 9.2.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan for Social Environment
Responsible Entity /
Environmental Component Methodology Monitoring Location Monitoring Period / Frequency Cost
Supervision
1. Involuntary Resettlement
Status of resettlement/ Validation in site and Existing locations of PAPs Pre-Construction Phase: DPWH and D/D&C/S To be estimated
relocation of project checking documents on  At the frequency of every Consultants, in D/D Study and
affected persons (PAPs) ID and interview survey month to quarterly during Concerned LGUs, C/S of Phase IV
from the project area preparation stage of NHA
(within river channel construction
alignment) Construction Phase:
 At the frequency of every
month to quarterly throughout
the construction phase
Operation Phase:
 One year after the completion
of the construction work
Status and level of living Interview survey using a Resettlement sites Pre-Construction Phase: DPWH and C/S Consultant, To be estimated
standard and livelihood, monitoring form to be  At the frequency of bi-monthly Concerned LGUs, in D/D Study of
Conditions of resettlement developed through both to quarterly after resettlement NHA Phase IV
sites, etc. internal and external Construction Phase:
monitoring
 At the frequency of quarterly to
semi-annually throughout the
construction phase
Operation Phase:
 Two years after the completion
of the resettlement
2. Poverty Group
Status and level of living Interview survey using a Resettlement sites Pre-Construction Phase: DPWH and C/S Consultant, To be estimated
standard and income level monitoring form to be  At the frequency of every Concerned LGUs, in D/D Study of
/ Measures for increasing developed. month to quarterly after NHA Phase IV
income and assistance to resettlement
Construction Phase:

217
 Responsible Entity /
Environmental Component Methodology Monitoring Location Monitoring Period / Frequency Cost
Supervision
be launched for poverty  At the frequency of every
groups of PAPs month to quarterly throughout
the construction phase
Operation Phase:
 One year after the completion
of the construction work
3. Local Economy such as Employment and Livelihood
Status and level of living Interview survey using a Resettlement sites Pre-Construction Phase: DPWH and C/S Consultant, To be estimated
standard and employment / monitoring form to be  At the frequency of every Concerned LGUs, in D/D Study of
Measures for skill-up developed. month to quarterly after DSWD Phase IV
training and other resettlement
assistance for livelihood Construction Phase:
support of PAPs  At the frequency of every
month to quarterly throughout
the construction phase
Operation Phase:
 One year after the completion
of the construction work
4. Land Use and Utilization of Local Resources
Land acquisition for Checking the result of ROW and river area of the Pre-Construction Phase: DPWH-IROW and C/S To be estimated
Project site (ROW and land purchase of Project  At the frequency of every Consultant, in D/D Study of
river area), and necessary project-affected area month to quarterly Concerned LGUs, Phase IV
modification of land use (within river channel Construction Phase:
alignment)  At the frequency of every
month to quarterly
5. Water Use and River Dependency
Limited accessibility to Interview survey with The barangay where the Pre-Construction Phase: DPWH-UPMO and C/S To be estimated
water use and/or river area local residents and water use and/or river area  Once before the construction Consultant, in D/D Study of
usage barangay offices usage is affected / limited phase Concerned LGUs Phase IV
due to the project. Construction Phase:

218
 Responsible Entity /
Environmental Component Methodology Monitoring Location Monitoring Period / Frequency Cost
Supervision
 At the frequency of every
month to quarterly throughout
the construction phase
Operation Phase:
 One year after the completion
of the construction work
6. Social Infrastructure and Services
Limited accessibility to Interview survey with The barangay where the Pre-Construction Phase: DPWH-UPMO and C/S To be estimated
social infrastructures and local residents and affected infrastructures /  Once before the construction Consultant, in D/D Study of
services located within or barangay offices public services are located phase Concerned LGUs Phase IV
vicinity of the project area Construction Phase:
/ Status of recovery and  At the frequency of quarterly to
restoration of activities and semi-annually throughout the
operations construction phase
Operation Phase:
 One year after the completion
of the construction work
7. Misdistribution of Benefits / Local Conflicts of Interest
Misdistribution of benefits Checking the number of Offices of concerned Pre-Construction Phase: DPWH-UPMO and C/S To be estimated
and social cost among local complaints, cases government agencies and  At the frequency of every Consultant, in D/D Study of
residents / escalated to courts of LGUs month to quarterly Concerned LGUs Phase IV
Differing severity of law, resolved cases Construction Phase:
adverse impacts, and dealing with complaints  At the frequency of every
unequal compensation over valuation, etc. filed month to quarterly throughout
among PAPs with the DPWH, the construction phase
concerned LGUs and Operation Phase:
other government
 One year after the completion
agencies
of the construction work
8. Gender and Socially Vulnerable Groups

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 Responsible Entity /
Environmental Component Methodology Monitoring Location Monitoring Period / Frequency Cost
Supervision
Vulnerable households at a Interview survey using a Resettlement sites Pre-Construction Phase: DPWH-UPMO-FCMC and To be estimated
higher risk of falling into monitoring form to be  At the frequency of every C/S Consultant, in D/D Study of
poverty or becoming developed. month to quarterly after DSWD Phase IV
financially worse-off after resettlement
project implementation. Construction Phase:
 At the frequency of every
month to quarterly throughout
the construction phase
Operation Phase:
 One year after the completion
of the construction work
9. Rights of Children
Disruption of schooling Interview survey using a Resettlement sites Pre-Construction Phase: DPWH-UPMO-FCMC and To be estimated
and possible harm to monitoring form to be  At the frequency of every C/S Consultant, in D/D Study of
children’s well-being / developed. month to quarterly after DSWD Phase IV
Possible harm to resettlement
children’s well-being. Construction Phase:
 At the frequency of every
month to quarterly throughout
the construction phase
Operation Phase:
 One year after the completion of
the construction work
10. Labor Environment
Accidents during Checking the safety Construction sites Pre-Construction Phase: DPWH-UPMO-FCMC and To be estimated
construction works / measures launched  At the frequency of every C/S Consultant, in D/D Study of
Preparation of Health and during the construction month to quarterly after DOLE Phase IV
Safety Plan to be prepared works / accidents during resettlement
by the Contractor construction works Construction Phase:

220
 Responsible Entity /
Environmental Component Methodology Monitoring Location Monitoring Period / Frequency Cost
Supervision
 At the frequency of every
month to quarterly throughout
the construction phase
Operation Phase:
 One year after the completion
of the construction work

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 CHAPTER 10 PRELIMINARY ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY FOR
DISAPOSAL SITE FOR EXCAVATED/ DREDGED
MATERIALS

10.1 Necessity of Environmental Impact Assessment for the Disposal Site

As one of the project works of the Phase IV, excavation/ dredging in the river channel and river banks
are included. Total volume of the excavation/ dredging is estimated to be approx.1.67 million m3
from the Phase IV section (Refer to Chapter 2).
In the meantime, a separate IEE or EIS is required for acquiring a separate ECC in case of developing
a disposal site for the excavated/ dredged materials in PMRCIP, which is a condition stipulated in
the ECC granted for the whole Project 1998 (Refer to Section 7.3).
Thus, it is necessary to conduct an EIA study for development of disposal site to receive/ contain the
excavated/ dredged materials from the Phase IV section.
10.2 Candidate Areas for Disposal Site
There are two candidate areas for developing the disposal site for excavated/ dredged materials from
the Phase IV section of PMRCIP: one is open/ vacant lot(s) located along the Marikina River and the
other is open/ vacant lot(s) located along Manggahan Floodway from the geographical point of view,
or distance from the Project site. The former is aimed at transportation by land using dump truck and
the latter is aimed at transportation by water using barge.
In the course of this environmental survey, several sites were considered as candidate sites for
disposal site for excavated/ dredged materials along the Manggahan Floodway and/or near the
shoreland area of Laguna de Bay in municipality of Taytay.
10.3 Laws and Regulations related to Dredged Materials
There are no laws or regulations to directly control or regulate the dredged materials in the
Philippines. However, the following laws and regulation shall be applied:
(1) For the dredged materials which do not contain hazardous substances
Republic Act 9003 “Ecological Solid Wastes Management Act of 2000”: for the management of
no-hazardous or non-toxic waste, this law seeks to adopt a systematic, comprehensive and
ecological solid waste management program which shall;
a) Ensure the protection of public health and environment, and
b) Utilize environmentally sound methods that maximize the utilization of valuable resources
and encourage resource conservation and recovery.
(2) For the dredged materials which contain hazardous substances
Republic Act 6969 (1990) “Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act,”
which is a law designed to respond to increasing problems associated with toxic chemicals and
hazardous and nuclear wastes. RA 6069 mandates control and management of import,
manufacture, process, distribution, use, transport, treatment, and disposal of toxic substances and
hazardous and nuclear wastes in the country. The Act seeks to protect public health and the
environment from unreasonable risks posed by these substances in the Philippines.
DENR Administrative Order 29 (1992): RA 6969 designates the DENR as the implementing
agency and clothes the same with specific functions, powers, and responsibilities. The
Implementing Rules and Regulations of RA 6969 were issued under DAO No. 29 Series of 1992.
DAO No. 2013-22, DAO 36 Series of 2004 (DAO 04-36): Procedural Manual on Hazardous
Wastes: DAO No. 04-36 is a procedural manual on hazardous wastes of DAO No.92-29,
Implementing Rules and Regulations of RA 6969. DAO No. 2013-22 is a revised procedural

222
 manual on hazardous wastes of DAO No. 04-36, which provides a table for the classification of
hazardous waste and lays down the requirements for proper hazardous waste management.
(3) Other Related Laws and Regulations
Table 10.3.1 List of Related Laws and Regulations on Disposal Site
No. of
Year Title/Description
Law/Regulation
Presidential 1975 Providing penalty for improper disposal of garbage and other forms of
Degree (PD) 825 uncleanliness and for other purposes.
PD 856 1975 Code on sanitation of the Philippines which prescribes guidelines,
requirements and restrictions to ensure cleanliness in various establishments
such as restaurants, hospitals, hotels, etc.
PD 1152 1977 Philippine Environmental Code.
Providing a basis for an integrated waste management regulation starting
from waste source to methods of disposal. PD 1152 has further mandated
specific guidelines to manage municipal wastes (solid and liquid), sanitary
landfill and incineration, and disposal sites in the Philippines.
DAO 34 1990 Revised water usage and classification for water quality criteria amending
Section Nos. 68 (Water Usage and Classification) and 69 (Water Quality
Criteria), Chapter III of the 1978 NPCC Rules and Regulations.
DAO 35 1990 Revised Effluent Regulations of 1990, revising and amending the effluent
regulations of 1982.
DAO 26-A 1994 Philippine Standard for Drinking Water 1993 under the revision of Chapter
II, Section 9 of PD 856 (Code on Sanitation of the Philippines).

(4) In case of reclamation in the shoreland of Laguna de Bay

Resolution Providing Policy Guidelines on Reclamations within the Shorelands of Laguna De
Bay (LLDA Resolution No. 283, Series of 2006): shall cover reclamation of shoreland areas,
public or private, below 12.50 MLLW (Mean Lower Low Water), stipulating terms and
conditions for reclamation in the shoreland area, environmental requirement, etc.
10.4 Environmental Issues on the Disposal Site
10.4.1 General Issues on Environmental Impacts of Disposal Site
There are several environmental issues on potential negative impacts on the surrounding areas of the
disposal site:
Table 10.4.1 Possible Environmental Issues on the Disposal Site
Category Component Description
Pollution Air pollution Dust generation and emission gas from construction equipment and
vehicles during transportation and dumping and leveling/ grading of
excavated/ dredged materials in the disposal site.
Noise Noise pollution to be generated from construction equipment and
vehicles during dumping and leveling/ grading of excavated/ dredged
materials in the disposal site.
Water pollution Water pollution in the downstream areas / Laguna de Bay due to the
discharge of excavated/ dredged materials to surrounding areas of the
disposal site, especially in wet season due to heavy rain.
Soil/ Groundwater Possibility of soil contamination and groundwater contamination in
contamination case the excavated/ dredged materials are contaminated with toxic
substances. (preliminary survey indicate that there is low possibility
of contamination in excavated/ dredged materials)
Land subsidence / Occurrence of land subsidence and/or deformation of ground surface
deformation of in and around the disposal site due to filling operation of excavated/
ground surface dredged materials.
Natural Flora and Fauna Clearing of existing vegetation, and disturbance of terrestrial flora
Environment and fauna species, and their habitats.

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 Category Component Description
Aquatic biota Disturbance of the habitat of aquatic organisms in the water body
around the disposal site.
Socio-economic Land acquisition / Necessity of land acquisition, relocation of existing structures and
Environment relocation of residents in case there are existing structures, houses, private lands in
existing structure the disposal site.
and residents
Traffic Disturbance of traffic (land and water) during transportation of
excavated/ dredged materials.

10.4.2 Status of Riverbed Sediment Quality

Among the environmental issues enumerated above, the issues of riverbed sediment quality will be
described in more details as follows because the issue is one the most significant ones:
Status of riverbed sediment quality was described in Section “5.2.4 Riverbed Sediment Quality,” in
which the results of primary data collection in the Phase IV section was presented. In addition, the
results of secondary data collection conducted for Phase III section was described in the section.
(1) Riverbed sediment quality for Phase IV Section
Sampling of riverbed sediment and/or river bank soil was conducted in approx. 1.0 km interval along
all through the river stretch of the Phase IV. Both elutriate test and TCLP test were applied for the
riverbed sediment/ river bank soil samples.
Survey results indicate that all the monitored values of elutriate tests are below the Method Detection
Limit (MDL). All these results are complied with quality standards and indicate that the
contamination risk during the dredging of riverbed sediment will be minimal.
The results also indicate that all the monitored values of TCLP test are below the Method Detection
Limit (MDL) of the laboratory test except for Arsenic (As) at the location: SQ-5. All these results,
including Arsenic (As) at SQ-5, are complied with quality standards stipulated in Class C waters of
DAO No. 90-34 and 90-35 for elutriate test results, and DAO No. 04-36 and DAO No.13-22 for
TCLP test results. The test results indicate that the contamination risk of the surface water or
groundwater at the disposal site will be minimal.
(2) Riverbed sediment quality for Phase III Section
Sampling of riverbed sediment was conducted at 100 m interval along all through the river stretch of
the Phase III during Detailed Design Study (2012) and another sampling was conducted in the same
interval at the initial stage of dredging works in 2014. Both elutriate test and TCLP test were applied
for the riverbed sediments in 2012 and 2014 for the two sample sets.
Survey results during D/D Study in 2012 and initial construction stage in 2014 indicate that
monitored values of toxic substances in the riverbed sediment applied with both elutriate and TCLP
tests were not detected (ND) or far below the standard values stipulated in Class C waters of DAO
No. 90-34 and 90-35 for elutriate test results, and DAO No. 04-36 and DAO No.13-22 for TCLP test
results.
Based on these results, it is concluded that there will be no probability of toxic substances in the
riverbed sediment to leach out during the dredging operation or at disposal site, or to contaminate the
water of Pasig-Marikina River or the surrounding areas of disposal site.
10.5 Process and Scope for Environmental Impact Assessment for Disposal Site
Based on the ECC condition for the EIS of PMRCIP in 1998, it is necessary to conduct EIS for the
disposal site of the excavated materials for Phase IV section pursuant to PEISS. The process and
scope of environmental impact study for the disposal site is set forth as follows:

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 Table 10.5.1 Process of EIA to be Applied for Disposal Site
No. Process/ Work Description / Details
1 Screening  Necessary type of study and required documents (IEE/EIS, etc.) shall be
determined based on location and area of the disposal site following
DAO No. 03-30 and EMB Memorandum Circular No. 14-005.
2 Scoping  Preparation of Project Description for Scoping (PDS) and submission to
the competent DENR-EMB,
 Conduct of Technical Scoping joined by Environmental Impact
Assessment Review Committee (EIARC) and Public Scoping in the
concerned LGUs.
3 EIA Study  Field survey (sampling and measurement) and secondary data collection
(survey and analysis) will be conducted for the selected components based on the scoping
process mentioned above,
 Considering the proposed works of the disposal site, potential impacts
will be examined and analyzed.
4 EIA Report Preparation  In addition to the study results mentioned above, Environmental
Management Plan (EMP) and Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP)
shall also be formulated.
 EIA report shall be prepared based on all the results of survey,
analysis and evaluation.
5 EIA Report Review and  RIA report will be evaluated by either of EIA Review Committee
Evaluation (EIARC) for EIS based application, or DENR-EMB internal Specialists
(Technical Committee) for IEE based application
6 Decision Making on ECC  Based on the evaluation of EIA Report, decision making will be done
Issuance for issuance of an ECC.

With regard to EIA Study, the following table summarizes the proposed scope of works of the survey
(data collection) and analysis based on the environmental issues enumerated in the previous sections.
Table 10.5.2 Proposed Scope of Works for Survey and Analysis in EIA Study for Disposal
Site
Data gathering / Survey item on Impact prediction and
Category Component
baseline condition assessment
1. The Land (1) Land use and  Current status of land use,  Consistency with land use
classification  Development trend, plan
 LGUs’ land use plan
(2) Pedology,  Current status of pedology,  Modification of geology,
Topography and topography and geology, and their topography and geology,
Geology features,  Possibility on geohazard.
 Current status of geohazard
(liquefaction, land subsidence,
land slide, soil erosion etc.).
(3) Terrestrial flora  Existing vegetation,  Clearing of vegetation,
and fauna  Current status of flora and fauna  Disturbance / loss of habitat,
(existing species, terrestrial and terrestrial ecology,
ecology and biodiversity),  Impacts on protected
 Protected species/ protected areas. species/ protected areas.
2. The Water (1) Hydrology/  River system / watershed,  Impact on hydrology/
Hydrogeology  Water level/ discharge, hydrogeology
 Water use and water resources. (groundwater).
(2) Water quality  Current status of surface water  Possibility of degradation of
quality/ groundwater quality, surface water / groundwater
 Current status groundwater quality.
quality.
(3) Sediment quality  Quality (re: toxic/ hazardous  Possibility of leaching out
substances) of excavated/ dredged of toxic/ hazardous
materials from Phase IV section, substances and
 Soil quality in disposal site. contamination in and around
the disposal site.

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 Data gathering / Survey item on Impact prediction and
Category Component
baseline condition assessment
(4) Aquatic biota  Current status of aquatic biota  Disturbance/ loss of habitat,
(existing species and aquatic  Impacts on protected
ecology and biodiversity), species/ protected areas.
 Protected species/ protected areas.
3. The Air (1) Meteorology/  Rainfall, temperature, wind,  Possibility of change in
Climatology humidity, etc. local climate,
 Meteorological/ climatological  Possibility to contribute to
features. greenhouse gas emission.
(2) Air quality and  Baseline condition of air quality,  Degradation of air quality,
noise  Ambient noise level  Increase in ambient noise
level.
4. The People (1) Demography  Demographic profile (population,  Impact on demographic
households, family size, etc.) of profile.
concerned LGUs.
(2) Socio-economy  Income level and livelihood  Impact on income,
status, livelihood and/or economic
 Economic activities. activity.
(3) Public health and  Morbidity and mortality,  Impact on public health and
sanitation  Health facilities. sanitation.
(4) Water supply /  Water supply system,  Impact on water supply and
power supply  Power supply system. power supply system.
(5) Traffic and  Existing road network system,  Impact on traffic and
transportation  Road traffic and water traffic transportation.
(ferry, ship, etc.) during
transportation of the excavated/
dredged materials as well as
around the disposal site.
(6) Perception for the  Awareness for proposed  Possibility of conflict
project backfilling project. between the project and the
community.

10.6 Implementation Schedule

EIA Study for the disposal site will be implemented during Detailed Design stage for the Phase IV
section. The proposed implementation schedule is shown in the table below:
Table 10.6.1 Proposed Implementation Schedule of EIA Study for Disposal Site
No. Process 1st Month 2nd Month 3rd Month 4th Month 5th Month 6th Month
Determination of Disposal
1
Site

2 Screening

3 Scoping

4 Survey and Data Collection

5 Report Preparation

Submission of Draft EIS to

6
DENR-EMB
EIA Report Review and
7
Evaluation for ECC (40 working days)

8 ECC Acquisition

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 CHAPTER 11 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The EIS (1998) has concluded that the proposed project can be implemented in an environmentally
acceptable manner. The total benefits to be derived will overwhelmingly outweigh the effects of the
potential adverse impacts. Environmentally, the proposed project is beneficial since it is actually a
mitigating measure against the annual adverse impacts of a natural hazard of flooding.
In addition to the EIS (1998), the environmental survey for preparing this Updated Report for
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) has been conducted to comply with the JICA Guideline for
Environmental and Social Considerations (2010) for the proposed implementation of Phase IV. As
the results of the environmental survey and reviewing EIS (1998), it is concluded that the Project,
Phase IV can be implemented in an acceptable manner complying with environmental standard in
the Philippines.
Through the examinations and evaluation of the potential impacts, the following are recommended
to be done before commencement of the construction of Phase IV:
1) Detailed and appropriate testing and quality analysis for excavated/ dredged materials along the
Phase IV section should be conducted to clarify the characteristics of the materials in accordance
with DENR’s Administrative Orders (DAO No. 90-34, 90-35, 04-36 and 13-22, etc.) in such way
that the Project Phase III did during its D/D Study;
2) A separate IEE or EIS for backfill site (disposal site) of the excavated/ dredged materials shall
be prepared for acquiring a separate ECC following the condition stipulated in ECC (1998) for
the PMRCIP;
3) Project’s information dissemination and communication shall be provided to PAPs via a mobile
ICP (information, communication and publicity) team once the construction starts in such way
that the Project Phase II did and III is doing;
4) ICP team uses local language in communicating with PAPs instead of solely depending on a
written report of EIS and RAP. Essence of the Project shall be informed in this manner; and
5) Multipartite Monitoring Team (MMT) shall be stablished for the Phase IV to comply with ECC
(1998) for ensuring the Project’s environmental management and monitoring activities in such
way that the Project Phase II did and III is doing.

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 CHAPTER 12 ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLIST

Environmental checklists for the Project based on a JICA Environmental Checklist for River Channel
Improvement Project Form are shown as follows:
Table 12.1 JICA Environmental Checklist for Phase IV
Yes / Confirmation of Environmental Considerations
Category Item Main Check Item
No (Reasons/Mitigation Measures)
1. Permits (1) EIA (EIS*) (a) Have EIA reports been Y “The Pasig-Marikina River Channel Improvement
and and officially completed? Project Environmental Impact Statement (Final
Explanation Environmental Report), 1998” was complied with PEISS
Permits requirement and endorsed by DENR.
(b) Are the EIA reports Y Approved EIS report is written in English which is
written in the official or official language in Philippines. Updated EIA report
* NB: In the widely used language? (updated EIS) for Phase IV is also prepared in
Philippines, English. Summary brochures of the EIS will be
“EIA” system is prepared in Tagalog, which most of the Project
called “EIS Affected Families can understand, for consultation
(Environmental meetings with PAPs.
Impact (c) Have EIA reports been Y EIA report was approved by the DENR-EBM-NCR
Statement) approved by authorities of of Government of the Philippines. Environmental
the host country’s Compliance Certificate (ECC) was issued in 1998.
government? Validation of the ECC was confirmed in 2008.
Another EIA report was approved by the DENR-
EMB-NCR for the Backfill Site for the dredged
materials of the Project, Phase III in 2012.
Additional ECC was issued for the EIS in Feb.
2013.
For Phase IV, updated EIS was prepared in 2015.
(d) Have EIA reports been Y EIA report has been approved conditionally in the
unconditionally approved? ECC. DPWH-UPMO-FCMC, the Proponent,
If conditions are imposed complies with all the conditions during the
on the approval of EIA implementation of the Project. MMT monitors the
reports, are the conditions compliance with ECC conditions for Phase II and
satisfied? III of the Project so far.
(e) Are the EIA reports Y The hard copy of RAP, the approved EIS including
available at all times for the Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC),
perusal by project and the Supplemental EIs for Phase III was
stakeholders such as local disclosed, together with summary
residents, and is it allowed documents/brochures of these written in Tagalog,
to make photocopy of it? at DPWH-UPMO-FCMC, DPWH-Environmental
and Social Safeguard Division (ESSD), LGUs of
Manila, Pasig, and Makati City. Besides, the
brochures were disclosed at Barangay Halls of one
of the affected Barangay in each LGU. Disclosure
of these documents was informed to the public by
distribution of the brochures to Project Affected
Families (PAFs) through concerned barangay.
The same manner of disclosure is to be done for
this updated EIS for Phase IV.
(e) In addition to the above Y EIS for backfill Site for the dredged materials was
approvals, have other required as per the condition of ECC (1998). The
required environmental EIA study, therefore, was conducted during
permits been obtained Detailed Design (D/D) phase in 2012, and ECC
from the appropriate was granted to the Project in Feb. 2013.
regulatory authorities of

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 Yes / Confirmation of Environmental Considerations
Category Item Main Check Item
No (Reasons/Mitigation Measures)
the host country’s In addition, the clearance of Laguna Lake
government? Development Authority (LLDA) and Taguig City is
required prior to the construction works of Phase
III. Tree cutting permit is required to acquire from
DENR and concerned LGUs.
For the Project Phase IV, the same clearance is to
be completed for its implementation. All necessary
documents will be submitted and approved by the
concerned agencies including DENR, LLDA and
concerned LGUs.
(2) Explanation (a) Have contents of the Y Since the beginning of the Project, stakeholders
to the Public project and its potential have been informed and involved; Such
impact been adequately stakeholders are: LGUs, PRRP, Star Craft Ferry
explained to local Corp., DENR-NCR office, EMB, MMDA, NGOs,
stakeholders based on LLDA, etc. A public awareness meeting was held
appropriate procedures, on May 20, 1998 in Manila to disseminate
including information information about the entire Project. All the
disclosure? concerns were taken care of and/or considered
Has understanding of through the Scoping workshop.
Local stakeholders been Multi-party Monitoring Team (MMT) has been
obtained? holding semi-annual meetings to explore, consider
the environmental management measures in the
Phase II. Information Campaign and Publicity (ICP)
Team carries out periodic activities in order to
disseminate information regarding the Project
under the implementation of Phase II since 2008.
A total of 17 times of stakeholder meetings have
been held in 2011 for Phase III, and the contents of
approved EIS and the supplemental EIS was
explained. Most of the participants were supportive
to the Project, and no objection or request for
additional EIS study was heard during the
consultation meetings.
As for Phase IV, public consultation meetings were
held from June 2015 in the source of this
environmental survey until the mid of 2015. Most of
the participants were supportive to the Project,
Phase IV.
(b) Have the dates and Y Date and venue of public consultation meetings
places of stakeholder were informed through barangay chairman by
consultation been posting them in barangay halls and informing to
informed to the local concerned households, etc. prior to the meetings.
stakeholders prior to the
consultation meeting?
(c) Have the project been Y Brief description of the project and its impacts were
explained to the public in explained through the public consultation meetings
the language which local in Tagalog, which most of the community
stakeholders can stakeholders can understand.
understand?
(d) Have the minutes of Y Minutes of the stakeholder consultations were
stakeholder consultations prepared and attached to the EIA report and the
been prepared? supplemental EIA reports so far. In this updated
EIS for Phase IV, the minutes of meetings will be
prepared as soon as public consultation meetings
are held.

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 Yes / Confirmation of Environmental Considerations
Category Item Main Check Item
No (Reasons/Mitigation Measures)
(b) Have comments from Y Various opinions and suggestions were exchanged
stakeholders (such as at the stakeholder meetings. Comments raised at
local residents) been the meetings were integrated in the final EIA report
reflected to the project and the supplemental EIA report as well as project
design? design accordingly. As for resettlement, it will be
implemented according to RAP for Phase III, which
complies both with Law and Regulations in
Philippines and with the JICA Guidelines for
Environmental and Social Considerations.
In this EIA report for Phase IV, comments from the
stakeholders were also incorporated including
those about the width of the river, alignment and
design of flood control structures, management
measures for informal settlers, etc.
(3) Examination Have alternative project Y Several alternatives have been examined including
of Alternatives plans been examined in zero (without-project) option. EIS (1998) concluded
light of social and that the zero option would not help the community
environmental to prevent chronical flood damage. In contrast,
considerations? although with-project option would have certain
adverse impacts to some extent, it would help to
prevent flood damage in Metro Manila, the center
of the Philippines, and hence contribute to stable
economic development of the country. Since the
environmental and social impacts are alleviated by
the mitigation measures prepared in original EIS
and supplemental EIS, the total benefits to be
derived will be outweighed the anticipated adverse
impacts.
Besides, several alternatives plans of river channel
alignment of flood control structures and location of
Marikina Control Gate Structure (MCGS) have
been studied to minimize the social impacts
including land acquisition and resettlement.
2. Pollution (1) Water Is there a possibility that N The project helps in controlling river water flow in a
Mitigation Quality changes in river flow flood event which itself does not change water
Measures downstream (mainly water quality. During the construction period, it might
level drawdown) due to the temporarily increase suspended solids by working
project will cause areas to in and on the river bank and dredging. However,
not comply with the the adverse effects caused by construction
country’s ambient water activities can be negligible when compared with
quality standards? existing water pollution levels.
Riverbed sediments were applied with chemical
analysis in Phase II, III and IV. As a result, it was
concluded that there will be no possibility of toxic
substances in the riverbed materials to leach out in
the river water during dredging/excavation.
(2) Wastes In the event that large Y Basically, the riverbed sediments in the Marikina
volumes of River was tested and evaluated as non-hazardous
excavated/dredged as described above.
materials are generated, The dredged/excavated materials are to be
are the excavated/dredged disposed in accordance with regulations (Republic
materials properly treated Act No. 9003 for ecological solid waste
and disposed of in management, and Republic Act No. 6969 for the
accordance with the control of toxic and hazardous wastes) in the
country’s standards? Philippines.

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 Yes / Confirmation of Environmental Considerations
Category Item Main Check Item
No (Reasons/Mitigation Measures)
They will be transported, treated by mixture of
cement and used as filling-material in the backfill
site located in Taguig City. EIA study for the backfill
site was conducted during Detailed Design (D/D)
study for the Phase III in 2012, and ECC was
granted to the Project in Feb. 2013 as mentioned
above.
For Phase IV, similar procedures will be
undertaken in terms of quality analysis of
excavated/ dredged materials and ECC acquisition
for disposal site for the materials.
(3) Subsidence Is there a possibility that N No effect or a negligible effect on groundwater and
the excavation of subsidence will be caused by the excavation /
waterways will cause dredging operation since these works will be done
groundwater level in the river channel, which will not cause
drawdown or subsidence? drawdown of river water level or groundwater level
Are adequate measures along the river.
taken, if necessary?
3. Natural (1) Protected Is the project site located N According to Republic Act No, 7586 (1992), titled
Environment Areas in protected areas the National Integrated Protected Areas System
designated by the (NIPAS) Act, there are four (4) protected areas
country’s laws or around the Project Phase IV area: 1) Quezon
international treaties and Memorial; 2) Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife
conventions? Is there a Center; 3) Upper Marikina River Basin Protected
possibility that the project Landscape; and 4) Pamitinan Protected
will affect the protected Landscape. The former two are located at the
areas? distance of about 4 km, but they are a city part, not
the ones established for nature preservation
purpose. The latter two are a protected landscape
under proclamation by the Act. They are located
upstream area s in the Marikina River basin with a
distance more than approx. 8 km from the project
site. Thus, there will be no impact of the Project on
the protected areas.
(2) Ecosystem (a) Does the project site N These are no primeval forests, tropical rain forests,
encompass primeval or ecologically valuable habitats in or around the
forests, tropical rain Project site. Some mangrove areas exist in Manila
forests, ecologically Bay, but it is far from the river mouth of the Pasig-
valuable habitats (e.g., Marikina River and no impact will be spawned by
coral reefs, mangroves, or the project.
tidal flats)? Results of this environmental survey for Phase IV
indicate that the terrestrial flora and fauna are
affected by highly urbanized land use. Inhabiting
species of aquatic organisms suggests the poor
water quality and low diversity in the Marikina
River.
(b) Does the project site N No protected habitat of endangered species
encompass the protected designated by the country’s laws or international
habitats of endangered treaties and conventions has been reported in EIS
species designated by the (1998), environmental monitoring for Phase II or
country’s laws or supplemental EIS and environmental monitoring
international treaties and for Phase III.
conventions? During the supplemental survey for Phase IV,
several species of terrestrial flora designated as
protected species were recorded to grow along the

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 Yes / Confirmation of Environmental Considerations
Category Item Main Check Item
No (Reasons/Mitigation Measures)
Marikina River. Most of them, however, are not
growing under natural conditions.
(c) If significant ecological Y It is not anticipated that the project or its
impact is anticipated, are construction activities will cause a significant
adequate protection ecological impact since the terrestrial and aquatic
measures taken to reduce biota exists along the Phase IV stretch of Marikina
the impact on the River under highly urbanized area and survey
ecosystem? results indicate ecologically poor condition in terms
of river water quality and low diversity as a whole.
(d) Is there a possibility N The construction of river walls is on the edges of
that hydrologic changes, river banks and has a very negligible effect on
such as reduction of river downstream ecosystems. Construction of MCGS
flow or seawater intrusion will reduce the river discharge for alleviation of
upriver will adversely flood risks of downstream area but it will be done
affect downstream aquatic only during flooding period. It is, therefore, no
organisms, animals, effect to accelerate/ prevent seawater intrusion or
vegetation, and downstream aquatic organisms or other
ecosystems? ecosystems.
(e) Is there a possibility N The ecological condition of aquatic biota of the
that changes in water Phase IV stretch of the Marikina River is poor and
flows due to the project will low diversity in terms of water quality as a whole
adversely affect aquatic as mentioned above.
environments in the river? The Project does not change the river’s flow
Are adequate measures regime or volume of the river by flood control
taken to reduce the structures to be constructed on the river banks.
impacts on aquatic There is no change in catchment area as well by
environments, such as the Project.
effects on aquatic Regarding the MCGS mentioned above, it will
organisms? affect the flow regime only during flooding by
heavy rain. Thus, the project Phase IV will not
adversely affect the aquatic organisms in the river.
(3) Hydrology Is there a possibility that N There is no change in catchment area and there is
hydrologic changes due to no negative impact on the surface water or
the project will adversely groundwater anticipated by the Project. In contrast,
affect surface water and the Project is expected to regulate the flood
groundwater flows? discharge and alleviated the flood risks of riparian
area of the Marikina River and downstream areas
along the Pasig River.
(4) Topography Is there a possibility that N No significant change in topography is anticipated:
and Geology excavation of rivers and dredging and excavation will deepen the riverbed
channels will cause a of the Marikina River so as to enhance the
large-scale alteration of capacity of river flow. This excavation/dredging,
the topographic features however, will be done within the river area, namely
and geologic structures in the river channel and river banks, and thus it will
the surrounding areas? not cause a large-scale of alteration.
4. Social (1) Resettlement (a) Is involuntary Y Number of affected houses is minimized by
Environment resettlement caused by reflecting the results of preliminary social survey to
project implementation? river design during the study process. As the
If involuntary resettlement results, approximately 40 houses are remained as
is caused, are efforts inevitable social impacts. All the PAPs are informal
made to minimize the settler families (ISFs) who are living on the river
impact of resettlement? bank. The ISFs are also being subjects of a
resettlement project by the LGU (Quezon City) at
the same time.

232
 Yes / Confirmation of Environmental Considerations
Category Item Main Check Item
No (Reasons/Mitigation Measures)
Socio-economic surveys will be completed by the
end of May 2015. Besides the ISF housings, there
are four business establishments whose main
buildings are required to modify by the Project, and
minor modifications are necessary in three
establishments’ auxiliary facilities.
(b) Is adequate Y The DPWH-UPMO-FCMC conducted information
explanation regarding dissemination meetings in every barangays with
relocation and PAFs in. 2011 and 2012 for Phase III. Explained
compensation given to contents in the meetings included the entitlement
affected persons prior to matrix, mechanism and the procedure of grievance
resettlement? redress, monitoring plan of implementation of RAP
and schedule of implementation of resettlement.
As for Phase IV, the same series of dissemination
meetings will be conducted in 2015.
(c) Is the resettlement Y Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan (ARAP)
plan, including proper which will include the resettlement implementation
compensation, restoration plan to be compiled by Quezon City based on the
of livelihoods and living results of socio-economic studies. ARAP will
standards, developed include necessary assistances for restoration of
based on socioeconomic livelihoods and living standards of resettles.
studies on resettlement?

(d) Is compensation going Y The appropriate amount compensations will be

to be paid prior to paid thoroughly prior to the resettlement.
resettlement?
(e) Are compensation Y Compensation policies are set forth in RA8974
policies prepared in (Land Acquisition, Resettlement, Rehabilitation and
document? Indigenous People’s Policy: LARRIPP,2007) and
Infrastructure Right of Way Procedural Manual
(April, 2003), DPWH
(f) Does the resettlement Y Although there are no indigenous peoples or ethnic
action plan pay particular minorities living in the affected houses, the PAP
attention to vulnerable are all ISFs; and therefore, should be considered
groups or persons, as socially weak group of people. All of the ISFs
including women, children, who are identified as PAPs would be the subject of
the elderly, people living Republic Act 7279 (Urban Development and
below the poverty line, Housing Act of 1992).
ethnic minorities, and
indigenous peoples?
(g) Are agreements with Y Yes, it is specified in Infrastructure Right of Way
the affected persons Procedural Manual (April, 2003), DPWH
obtained prior to
resettlement?
(h) Is the organizational Y Resettlement works are primarily the Quezon
framework established to City’s project which has been conducted under
properly implement Memorandum Order No. 57, Malacañang Palace,
resettlement? Are the since 2011. This project intends to provide, safe,
capacity and budget decent, affordable housing for those ISFs living in
secured to implement the danger zone along river. 10 B. PHP is reserved for
plan? this project every year.
* Provision of R.A.7279 stipulates that ISF
resettlement is responsible by responsible LGU
and NHA.

233
 Yes / Confirmation of Environmental Considerations
Category Item Main Check Item
No (Reasons/Mitigation Measures)
* DPWH is supporting this project by providing
drawings and maps of flood prone area, and
identifying ISFs.
(i) Have any plans been Y DPWH-UPMO-FCMC and DPWH-ESSD, with
developed to monitor the assistance of C/S Consultant, will be the Internal
impact of resettlement? Monitoring Agent (IMA). IMA will conduct internal
monitoring in coordination with Local Inter-Agency
Committee (LIAC) and summarize the results of
internal monitoring in quarterly reports.
(j) Is the grievance redress Y Grievance redress mechanism is already
mechanism established? functioning in Quezon City’s LIAC. Installation of
grievance redress mechanism is mandatory as it is
stipulated in LARRIPP, 2007.
(2) Living and (a) Is there a possibility Y There are almost no adverse effects on living
Livelihood that the project will conditions of residences of along Phase IV section
adversely affect the living of Marikina River because two clusters of ISF
conditions of inhabitants? houses are scheduled to be resettled by other
Are adequate measures project prior to the implementation of PMRCIP
considered to reduce the Phase IV
impacts, if necessary?

(b) Is there a possibility N The Project regulates river water but does not use
that the amount of water it, and there is no commercial fishing ground
(e.g., surface water, downstream of the Project site in the Pasig
groundwater) used by the Marikina River.
project will adversely the
downstream fisheries and
other water uses?
(c) Is there a possibility N Cleaning of the river banks and constructing flood
that waterborne or water- control structure will result in reduction of mosquito
related diseases (e.g., breeding places and thus reduction of mosquito
schistosomiasis, malaria, infestation and related spread of disease.
filariasis) will be
introduced?
(3) Heritage Is there a possibility that N There is no historical and/or cultural heritage sites
the project will damage the which are listed by the National Historical
local archeological, Commission of the Philippines (NHCP), located
historical, cultural, and within the Project, Phase IV section and its vicinity.
religious heritage sites? There are however several local heritage sites
Are adequate measures near the Project site.
taken to protect these sites None of the heritage sites, however, will be
in accordance with the affected by the implementation of the Project
country’s laws? Phase IV by means of adjustment of construction
methods.

(4) Landscape Is there a possibility that N River banks of the Marikina River often serve as
the project will adversely river parks, river walks and provide amenity
affect the local landscape? functions for the local residents. During
Are necessary measures construction stage, some areas will be adversely
taken to deal with such affected in terms of degradation of aesthetics due
adverse effects? to turbidity increase in the river, dust generation,
etc. But it is temporary and limited to narrow area.
Thus, the impacts of the temporary degradation
will be recovered after completion of the
construction works.

234
 Yes / Confirmation of Environmental Considerations
Category Item Main Check Item
No (Reasons/Mitigation Measures)
(5) Ethnic (a) Does the project N/A No ethnic group or indigenous people have been
Minorities and comply with the country’s identified in the project area.
Indigenous laws regarding rights of
Peoples ethnic minorities and
indigenous peoples?
(d) Are all of the rights of N/A No ethnic group or indigenous people have been
ethnic minorities and identified in the project area.
indigenous peoples in
relation to land and
resources to be
respected?
(6) Working (a) Is the project N The Project is not violating national laws or
Conditions proponent violating any ordinances. During construction, the site engineers
laws or ordinances of DPWH-UPMO-FCMC are in charge of working
associated with the conditions of construction workers. The Contractor
working conditions in the has a pollution control officer and/or
country which the project environmental, health and safety officer on site
proponent should observe under the supervision of C/S Consultant.
in the project?
(b) Are tangible safety Y Following Construction Contractor’s Environmental
considerations in place for Program (CCEP), safety considerations were
individuals involved in the accomplished in Phase II and III. Phase IV will be
project, such as the carried out in the same manner in accordance with
installation of safety DOLE DO 13 and applicable Rules of the
equipment which prevents Occupational Safety and Health Standard (OSHS).
industrial accidents, and Fences, warnings, notice-of-construction billboards
management of hazardous and information campaigns are also provided.
materials? Proper environmental training is given to
construction workers by contractors. Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) us worn by
construction workers. Occupational safety training
is continuously and periodically provided and
appropriate safety measures are always in place.
(c) Are intangible Y In accordance with CCEP, DOLE DO 13 and
measures being planned OSHS, proper environmental training is given to
and implemented for construction workers by construction contractors.
individuals involved in the PPE are worn by construction workers.
project, such as the Occupational safety training is continuously and
establishment of a safety periodically provided and safety measures are in
and health programs, and place at all times as mentioned above.
safety training (including
traffic safety and public
health) for workers, etc.?
(d) Are appropriate N/A Security guard is assigned at the importance
measures taken to ensure construction site including storage units and HQ
that security guards office.
involved in the project not Barangay officials assure safety of local residents.
to violate safety of other
individuals involved, or
local residents?
5. Others (1) Impact (a) Are adequate Y An appropriate and reasonable amount of
during measures undertaken to countermeasures to reduce construction-related
Construction reduce impact during nuisances, such as noise, vibration, dust (TSP),
construction (e.g., noise, water pollution, etc., are to be undertaken.
vibrations, turbid water,

235
 Yes / Confirmation of Environmental Considerations
Category Item Main Check Item
No (Reasons/Mitigation Measures)
dust, exhaust gases, and Phase II construction has already proved the
wastes)? effectiveness of counter measures that have been
taken during construction of flood control
structures. In Phase III construction work,
environmental management has been properly
conducted and no complains on environmental
adverse impacts were raised by local residents so
far.
Environmental monitoring on noise and vibration,
dust (TSP), water quality, riverbed sediment
quality, groundwater quality, etc. has been carried
and in Phase II and III. Solid wastes were
segregated for re-use and recycle, and finally
disposed of by subcontracting to accredited
contractor.
The same monitoring activity will be conducted and
management will be properly performed based on
Construction Contractor’s Environmental Program
(CCEP) which will be prepared pursuant to
Technical Specification of the Project.
(b) If construction activities Y The Project shall use adequate technology to
adversely affect the reduce suspension in river water during dredging
natural environment works. It should be noted that water quality of the
(ecosystem), are adequate Marikina River is already beyond Class C water
measures taken to reduce criteria in terms of organic pollutants. Most of
the impact? original aquatic organisms cannot inhabit in the
river and thus it shows ecologically poor condition.
(c) If construction activities Y Staff of the Project Office of DPWH-UPMO-FCMC,
adversely affect the social ICP Team of the Consultant, MMT members as
environment, are adequate well as Barangay Officials are to receive and
measures undertaken to handle complaints from local residents affected by
reduce the impact? the construction and relocatees to the resettlement
site of the Project.
Most construction workers are hired locally from
the nearby Barangay of Project sites where
construction takes place, with the exception of a
few skilled technicians and engineers. In hiring
local workers, gender equity and appropriateness
of assigning position are considered.
(d) If necessary, is health Y CCEP in accordance with DOLE DO 13 and
and safety education (e.g., applicable rules of OSHS mentioned above are
traffic safety, public health) followed to ensure safety and health of both
provided for project residents and workers.
personnel, including
workers?
(2) Monitoring (a) Does the proponent Y DPWH through C/S Consultant prepared the
develop and implement Environmental Monitoring Plan (EMoP), same as
monitoring programs for those for Phase II and III.
environmental items The EMoP covers the whole monitoring activities of
considered to have the Project Phase IV, consisting of those for Middle
potential impact? Marikina River stretch and disposal of excavated
materials form the river.
Under this EMoP, semi-annual monitoring reports
which cover quarterly reports are prepared and
submitted to DENR-EMB-NCR.

236
 Yes / Confirmation of Environmental Considerations
Category Item Main Check Item
No (Reasons/Mitigation Measures)
(b) Are the items, methods Y Items and methods follow the Philippines and JICA
and frequencies included Guideline’s requirements. The items are air quality,
in the monitoring program noise, vibration, water quality, and excavated
judged to be appropriate? materials quality, etc. The frequency is properly set
as shown in the Monitoring Form for EMoP (refer
to Chapter 9 of this updated EIS).
(c) Does the proponent Y Multipartite Monitoring Team (MMT), the Proponent
establish an adequate (DPWH) through the C/S Consultant and the
monitoring framework Contractor engaged in the environmental
(organization, personnel, monitoring of entire Project during the Phase II and
equipment, and adequate III. It will be done in the same manner for the
budget) to sustain the Phase IV.
monitoring framework? The Contractor will monitor the environmental
impacts in the vicinity of the construction work
sites. The Consultant will do rather stationary
monitoring along the Marikina River and the
Disposal Site to be specified during Detail Design
Study. The budget will be allocated properly in the
budget of construction work and construction
supervision (C/S), respectively by DPWH.
(d) Are any regulatory Y The Proponent of the Project (DPWH) shall
requirements pertaining to conduct environmental monitoring and its reporting
the monitoring report to DENRE-EMB-NCR. The environmental
system identified, such as monitoring activities consist of (1) Compliance
the format and frequency Monitoring and (2) Environmental Monitoring. The
of reports from the results of monitoring are to provide a basis for
proponent to the timely decision and implementation of necessary
regulatory authorities? countermeasures and actions necessary for the
mitigation of the adverse impacts.
DPWH is to also submit the environmental
monitoring report to JICA Philippines Office as a
part of Progress Report quarterly during
construction until completion of the Project.
6. Note (1) Reference to Where necessary, N/A
Checklist of pertinent items described
other Sectors in the Forestry checklist
should also be checked.
(2) Note on If necessary, the impact on N/A
Using trans-boundary or global
Environmental issues should be
Checklist confirmed (e.g., the project
includes factors that may
cause problems, such as
trans-boundary waste
treatment, acid rain,
destruction of the ozone
layer, or global warming).

237
ANNEXES
ANNEX-1: ECC for PMRCIP (1998)

A-1
A-2
A-3
A-4
ANNEX-2: ECC for the Proposed Backfill Site for the Dredged
Materials of PMRCIP Phase III (2013)

A-5
A-6
A-7
A-8
A-9
A-10
A-11
A-12
 ANNEX-3: Terrestrial Flora and Fauna Species Identified in
the Survey
List of Terrestrial Flora Species Recorded along Phase IV of the Project
Species Common name Distribution DAO 2007-01 IUCN CITES
Acacia mangium mangium introduced not included not yet assessed not included
Adonidia merrillii Manila palm Philippine endemic endangered Near threatened not included
Artocarpus cf altilis kamansi native not included not yet assessed not included
Artocarpus heterophyllus langka introduced not included not yet assessed not included
Azadirachta indica neem introduced not included not yet assessed not included
Bauhinia sp. alibangbang - - - -
Bischofia javanica tuai native not included not yet assessed not included
Calophyllum inophyllum bitaog native not included Least concern not included
Cananga odorata ilang-ilang native not included not yet assessed not included
Caryota cumingi fish tail palm introduced not included not yet assessed not included

Cassia siamea robles introduced not included not yet assessed not included
Cassia siamea robles introduced not included not yet assessed not included
Ceiba pentandra kapok introduced not included not yet assessed not included
Chrysophyllum cainito caimito introduced not included not yet assessed not included
Cocos nucifera niog native not included not yet assessed not included
Cynometra cf inaquefolia dila-dila Philippine endemic vulnerable Vulnerable A1d not included
Delonix regia fire tree introduced not included Least concern not included
Eucalyptus cf camaldulensis introduced not included not yet assessed not included
Ficus benjamina balete native not included not yet assessed not included
Ficus concinna balete native not included not yet assessed not included
Ficus microcarpa balete introduced not included not yet assessed not included
Ficus pseudopalma niog niogan Philippine endemic not included not yet assessed not included
Ficus religiosa bo tree introduced not included not yet assessed not included
Ficus septica hauili native not included not yet assessed not included
Ficus ulmifolia is-is Philippine endemic not included Vulnerable A1cd not included
Ficus variegata tangisang-bayawak native not included not yet assessed not included
Genus indet native not included not yet assessed not included
Gmelina arborea yemane introduced not included not yet assessed not included
Jatropha curcas tubang-bakod introduced not included not yet assessed not included
Lagerstroemia speciosa banaba native not included not yet assessed not included
Leucaena leucocephala ipil-ipil introduced not included not yet assessed not included
Mangifera indica mangga introduced not included Data deficient not included
Morus alba mulberry introduced not included not yet assessed not included
Muntingia calabura aratilis introduced not included not yet assessed not included
Nauclea orientalis bangkal native not included not yet assessed not included
Octomeles sumtrana binuang native not included Least concern not included
Pithecellobium dulce camachile introduced not included not yet assessed not included
Plumeria alba kalachuchi introduced not included not yet assessed not included
Polyalthia longifolia lanutan introduced not included not yet assessed not included

A-13
 Species Common name Distribution DAO 2007-01 IUCN CITES
Premna odorata alagaw Philippine endemic not included not yet assessed not included
Psidium guajava bayabas introduced not included not yet assessed not included
critically Vulnerable A1d
Pterocarpus indica narra native endangered ver2.3 not included
Samanea saman rain tree introduced not included not yet assessed not included
Sandoricum koetjape santol introduced not included not yet assessed not included
Sesbania grandiflora katuray introduced not included not yet assessed not included
Spathodea campanulata african tulip introduced not included not yet assessed not included
Sterculia foetida kalumpang native not included not yet assessed not included
Vulnerable
Swietenia macrophylla big-leaf mahogany introduced not included A1cd+2cd ver2.3 II/NC
Syzygium cumini duhat native not included not yet assessed not included
Tabernaemontana divaricata pandakaking tsina introduced not included not yet assessed not included
Terminalia catappa talisay native not included not yet assessed not included
Trema orientalis anabiong native not included not yet assessed not included
Triplaris cumingiana palo-santo introduced not included not yet assessed not included
Vulnerable A1cd
Vitex parviflora molave native endangered ver2.3 not included

List of Terrestrial Fauna Species Recorded along Phase IV of the Project

Population Habitat DAO
Family Species Common name Residence Status Association 2004-15 IUCN CITES
Amphibians and Reptiles
Eutropis common sun non-forest to not Least not
Scincidae multifasciata skink Resident Common forest included concern included
not Least not
Mycrohylidae Kaloula pulchra banded bull frog introduced Common non-forest included concern included
non-forest to not Least not
Dicroglossidae Occidozyga laevis puddle frog Resident Common forest included concern included
Polypedates common tree non-forest to not Least not
Rhacophoridae lecucomystax frog Resident Common forest included concern included
not Least not
Bufonidae Rhinella marina marine toad introduced Common non-forest included concern included
Birds
Acridotheres not Least not
Sturnidae cristatellus crested myna resident Common non-forest included concern included
Acrocephalus oriental reed- not Least not
Sylviidae orientalis warbler Migrant Common non-forest included concern included
common not Least not
Scolopacidae Actitis hypoleucos sandpiper Migrant Common wetlands included concern included
common not Least not
Alcedinidae Alcedo atthis kingfisher Migrant Common wetlands included concern included
Amaurornis white-breasted not Least not
Rallidae pheonicurus waterhen Resident Common non-forest included concern included
Anthus not Least not
Motacillidae novaeseelandiae Richard's pipit Resident Common non-forest included concern included
Resident/ Locally not Least not
Ardeidae Bubulcus ibis cattle egret Migrant common wetlands included concern included
Resident/ Fairly not Least not
Ardeidae Butorides striatus little heron Migrant common wetlands included concern included
little-ringed Resident/ not Least not
Charadriidae Charadrius dubius plover Migrant Common wetlands included concern included
not Least not
Sternidae Chlidonias hybrida whiskered tern Migrant Common wetlands included concern included

A-14
 Population Habitat DAO
Family Species Common name Residence Status Association 2004-15 IUCN CITES
bright-capped not Least not
Sylviidae Cisticola exilis cisticola Resident Common non-forest included concern included
Collocalia non-forest to not Least not
Apodidae esculenta glossy swiftlet Resident Common forest included concern included
Corvus non-forest to not Least not
Corvidae macrorhynchos large-billed crow Resident Common forest included concern included
Dendrocopus Phil. pygmy Philippine non-forest to not Least not
Picidae maculatus woodpecker endemic Common forest included concern included
red-keeled Philippine non-forest to not Least not
Dicaeidae Dicaeum australe flowerpecker endemic Common forest included concern included
not Least not
Ardeidae Dupetor flavicollis black bittern Resident Uncommon wetlands included concern included
not Least not
Ardeidae Egretta garzetta little egret Migrant Common wetlands included concern included
intermediate Locally not Least not
Ardeidae Egretta intermedia egret Migrant common wetlands included concern included
Gallirallus not Least not
Rallidae torquatus barred rail Resident Common non-forest included concern included
not Least not
Columbidae Geopelia striata zebra dove Resident Common non-forest included concern included
Gerygone golden-bellied Locally non-forest to not Least not
Sylviidae sulphurea flyeater Resident common forest included concern included
white-collared not Least not
Alcedinidae Halcyon chloris kingfisher Resident Common non-forest included concern included
not Least not
Hirundinidae Hirundo tahitica Pacific swallow Resident Common non-forest included concern included
not Least not
Ardeidae Ixobrychus sinensis yellow bittern Resident Common wetlands included concern included
non-forest to not Least not
Laniidae Lanius cristatus brown shrike Migrant Common forest included concern included
long-tailed not Least not
Laniidae Lanius schach shrike Resident Common non-forest included concern included
not Least not
Estrildidae Lonchura atricapilla chestnut munia Resident Common non-forest included concern included
Lonchura scaly-breasted not Least not
Estrildidae punctulata munia Resident Common non-forest included concern included
striated not Least not
Sylviidae Megalurus palustris grassbird Resident Common non-forest included concern included
non-forest to not Least not
Motacillidae Motacilla cinerea grey wagtail Migrant Common forest included concern included
olive-backed non-forest to not Least not
Nectariniidae Nectarinia jugularis sunbird Resident Common forest included concern included
black-crowned not Least not
Ardeidae Nycticorax night heron Migrant Uncommon wetlands included concern included
black-naped non-forest to not Least not
Oriolidae Oriolus chinensis oriole Resident Common forest included concern included
Eurasian tree not Least not
Ploceidae Passer montanus sparrow Resident Common non-forest included concern included
Pycnonotus yellow-vented non-forest to not Least not
Pycnonotidae goiavier bulbul Resident Common forest included concern included
non-forest to not Least not
Muscicapidae Rhipidura javanica pied fantail Resident Common forest included concern included
lowland white- Luzon non-forest to not Least not
zosteropidae Zosterops meyeni eye endemic Common forest included concern included
Mammals
not Least not
Muridae Rattus norvegicus common rat introduced Common non-forest included concern included
Oriental house non-forest to not Least not
Muridae Rattus tanezumi rat introduced Common forest included concern included
Asian house not Least not
Soricidae Suncus murinus shrew introduced Common non-forest included concern included

A-15
List of arthropod taxa recorded along Phase IV of the PMRCIP
Arthropod Taxa Light Trap Sweeping Total
ACARINA 3 3
ARA: Araneidae 3 3
ARA: Oxyopidae 54 54
ARA: Pholcidae 1 1
ARA: Salticidae 1 1
ARA: Thomisidae sp1 1 1
ARA: Thomisidae sp2 4 4
COL: Anobiidae 1 1
COL: Anthicidae 2 2
COL: Bruchidae 1 1
COL: Carabidae 21 21
COL: Cryptophagidae 12 12
COL: Dytiscidae sp1 1 1
COL: Eucnemidae 2 2
COL: Hydrophilidae 1 1
COL: Limnichidae 1 1
COL: Melolonthinae 1 1
COL: Micraspis 1 1
COL: Paederus sp.1 110 110
COL: Pselaphidae 2 1 3
COL: Scolytidae 1 1
COL: Staphylinidae sp1 1 1
COL: Staphylinidae sp2 2 2
COL: Staphylinidae sp3 1 1
COL: Staphylinidae sp4 4 4
COL: Staphylinidae sp5 2 2
COLL: Entomobryidae 28 28
DIP: Anthomyiidae 1 1
DIP: Ceratopogonidae 3 39 42
DIP: Chironomidae 2 19 21
DIP: Chloropidae sp1 17 17
DIP: Chloropidae sp2 2 2
DIP: Cryptochetidae 6 6
DIP: Curtonotidae 48 48
DIP: Diastatidae 6 6
DIP: Dolichopodidae 1 1
DIP: Drosophilidae 7 7
DIP: Musca domestica 5 5
DIP: Mycetophilidae 1 1
DIP: Ottitidae 6 6
DIP: Pipunculidae 16 16
DIP: Sciomyzidae 1 1
DIP: Tachinidae 47 47

A-16
Arthropod Taxa Light Trap Sweeping Total
EPH: Ephemeridae 4 4
HEM: Anthocoridae sp1 1 1
HEM: Anthocoridae sp2 1 1
HEM: Aphididae 4 4
HEM: Aradidae 2 2
HEM: Cercopidae 3 3
HEM: Ciccadellidae 1 1
HEM: Cixiidae 2 1 3
HEM: Corixidae 1 1
HEM: Stenocranus pacificus 10 10
HEM: Cyrtorhinos lividipennis 1 10 11
HEM: Dalbulus 2 2
HEM: Delphacidae 5 5
HEM: Lygaeidae 14 14
HEM: Machaerotidae 1 1
HEM: Microvelia sp. 27 27
HEM: Nephottetix 1 43 44
HEM: Peregrinus maidis 13 13
HEM: Pleidae 2 2
HEM: Ricaniidae 1 1
HYM: Brachymeria 1 1
HYM: Dryinidae 1 1
HYM: Eucoilidae 1 1
HYM: Formicidae 2 2
HYM: Ichneumonidae 1 1
HYM: Paratrechina longicornis 6 6
HYM: Pteromalidae 2 2
HYM: Scelionidae 2 2
HYM: Solenopsis geminata 2 1 3
HYM: Tapinoma melanocephala 1 7 8
ISOPOD 2 2
LEP: Ostrinia furnaclis 5 5
LEP: Limacodidae 1 1
LEP: Lymantriidae 1 1
LEP: Noctuidae 2 2
LEP: Pyralidae 2 2
ODO: Agriocnemis 1 1
ORT: Acrididae 2 2
ORT: Atractomorpha 1 1
ORT: Gryllidae 3 3
ORT: Gryllotalpa orientalis 1 1
ORT: Tettigoniidae sp1 1 1
ORT: Tettigoniidae sp2 9 9
TYP: Thripidae 1 1
Total 236 463 699

A-17
ANNEX-4: Perception Survey

4-1 Survey Report

1. Introduction

The Pasig-Marikina River Channel Improvement Project (PMRCIP: the Project), under the
supervision of the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) and technical
assistance and funding from the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), aims to
address the perennial threat of destructive flooding, most devastatingly illustrated by the
passage of Typhoon Ondoy in 2009 and of typhoons and monsoons over the succeeding
years, in the Greater Manila Area by improving the flow of the Pasig and Marikina Rivers
through the dredging, deepening, and widening of the rivers channels and the construction
of flood control structures along their banks.

After the issuance of the Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) in 1998, PMRCIP
Phase I (Detailed Engineering Design Study for the Project) was done in 2001/02, PMRCIP
Phase II (River Channel Improvement Works along the Pasig River) was implemented
during 2007 to 2013, and PMCRIP Phase III (River Channel Improvement Works along the
Lower Marikina River as well as the remaining parts of the Pasig River) commenced in 2013
and still on-going at present (2015).

Furthermore, the PMRCIP Phase IV covers the Middle Marikina River and Marikina Control
Gate Structure (MCGS) (upstream point of Rosario Bridge to Marikina Bridge) with a total
of 8.0 km channel length of improvement works. The PMRCIP Phase IV involves the
updating of environmental data by the conduct of baseline environmental study along its
project area. The PMRCIP Phase IV covers the Pasig-Marikina River Channel that traverses
fifteen (15) barangays in three (3) cities. These include Barangays Rosario, Manggahan
and Santolan in Pasig City, Barangays Ugong Norte, Bagumbayan, Libis and Blue Ridge B.
in Quezon City, Barangays Industrial Valley, Barangka, Tañong, Jesus de la Peña,
Calumpang, San Roque, Santa Elena (Pob) and Santo Niño in Marikina City.

On the other hand, PMRCIP Phase V covers the Upper Marikina River from Marikina Bridge
to San Mateo Bridge with a total of 5.8 km channel length of improvement. PMRCIP Phase
V is currently in the process of applying for an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC)
by undertaking an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Study. PMRCIP Phase V covers
the Pasig-Marikina River Channel that traverses eight (8) barangays in two (2) cities and
one municipality. These include Barangays Matandang Balara and Batasan Hills in Quezon
City, Barangays Jesus de la Peña, Santo Niño, Malanday, Tumana and Nangka in Marikina
City and Barangay Banaba in the Municipality of San Mateo, Rizal.

Both PMRCIP Phases IV and V necessitate the information on community’s perception on

the Project, however, not all barangays covered by the two project phases were included in
the perception survey but only target barangays. Section 3 explains the selection of the
barangays from which the respondents in the perception survey study were sourced from.

2. Objective

The main objective of this socio-economic perception survey is to capture basic

demographic information, socio-economic indicators and residents’ viewpoints on their
community and the project using a pre-tested survey instrument. The specific objectives of
the socio-economic survey are the following:

A-18
 • Gather basic demographic, and socio-economic information of residents within the
project-affected area;
• Gather viewpoints/opinion/perception of the community on the project; and
• Provide information dissemination to community regarding the project

3. Methodology

This survey sourced respondents from the eight barangays in the five cities and one
municipality. Inundated areas during the passage of Typhoon Ondoy were marked out and
overlaid with digital maps of the river channel and the proposed improvements. Areas with
residents living well inland, approximately 100 meters beyond the banks of the river channel,
but who were still affected by the flooding were identified as the primary source of
respondents for the survey. The number of residents living within these areas was then
calculated in proportion to the barangays’ populations (refer to Table 3.1). From this,
127,000 possible respondents were identified.
Table 3.1 Population in Inundation Areas
Inundation Depth (m)
Population
Whole Estimated
0.51 1.01 2.01 3.01 4.01 Total in whole
Barangay < 0.5 >5 barangay Ratio (a/b) population in
to 1 to 2 to 3 to 4 to 5 (a) barangay
(b) inundation areas
(2010)
Inundated Area (Ha)
Santolan 90.1 27.8 9.6 6.2 6.7 3.8 12.8 157.0 199.2 0.79 42,865 33,800
Bagumbayan 12.8 8.6 14.6 5.9 1.9 2.4 16.5 62.6 154.8 0.40 9,219 3,700
Tumana 72.9 20.4 6.0 28.4 21.9 16.9 29.3 195.8 394.1 0.50 39,204 19,500
Jesus De La
9.1 12.7 3.0 24.0 17.9 1.9 23.5 92.1 93.9 0.98 9,465 9,300
Peña
Malanday 63.3 18.6 1.0 8.0 7.4 2.1 14.7 115.1 146.1 0.79 51,956 40,900
Nangka 3.1 1.2 5.0 5.9 2.4 0.9 2.0 20.5 160.6 0.13 40,731 5,200
Tañong 17.3 4.3 6.1 8.6 17.4 4.5 5.0 63.3 85.7 0.74 8,479 6,300
Banaba 22.3 4.9 9.9 5.0 4.9 0.3 2.0 49.3 126.4 0.39 21,553 8,400
TOTAL 290.9 98.5 55.2 92.0 80.5 32.8 105.8 755.7 1,360.8 4.72 223,472 127,000
*Areas were based on the GIS data (source: MMEIRS, 2003 project by JICA, MMDA, PHIVOLCS) and may
differ from the LGU's official data. This is mainly due to discrepancies in the administrative boundaries from
various sources (even from the same LGU itself).

With the population of respondents identified, the sample size was then calculated for a
confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of ± 5% using the following formulae:

Where: ss = sample size

Z = Z value (e.g. 1.96 for 95% confidence level)
p = percentage picking a choice, expressed as decimal
(0.5 used for sample size needed)
c = confidence interval, expressed as decimal (e.g. 0.04 ±4)
pop = population

A-19
The calculated result was a sample size of 383 respondents. To factor in for enumerator
and encoding errors this was increased to 400 respondents. These were then allocated to
the target barangays in proportion with the actual population of each community (Table 3.2).
Table 3.2 Allocation of Respondents per Barangay
Proposed no. of
Ratio Required no. of respondents
No. Barangay Population
(%) respondents* By survey
By barangay
area
1 Banaba 8,404 6.6 26 30
50
2 Nangka 5,186 4.1 16 20
3 Tumana 19,481 15.3 61 60
180
4 Malanday 40,922 32.2 129 120
5 Tañong 6,265 4.9 20 20
50
6 Jesus De La Peña 9,275 7.3 29 30
7 Santolan 33,783 26.6 106 100
120
8 Bagumbayan 3,731 2.9 12 20
TOTAL 127,047 100.0 400 400 400

The survey was carried out from 16 to 19 October 2014. The team of enumerators was
deployed to each community that has previously been identified as inundation areas.
Further, the interview interval was designed to about 7 to 10 homes to allow for as varied a
sample of respondents as possible. After the completion of the survey proper and at the
end of the encoding process, where the contents of the survey forms were entered into a
spreadsheet program as data, one of the forms was rejected as incomplete because of the
lack of responses on at least half of the survey forms and thus, the presentation of tables
that follows has a final count of 399 respondents.

4. Survey Results
<A. Personal Information>
Q1. Gender
Table 4.1 Respondents by Gender
Jesus Dela
Gender Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage
Peña
Male 28 10 9 12 42 31 8 7 147 36.84
Female 72 10 11 18 78 29 11 23 252 63.16
TOTAL 100 20 20 30 120 60 19 30 399 100.00

Q2. Age
Table 4.2 Respondents by Age
Jesus
Age Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage
Dela Peña
11-15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0.25
16-20 4 0 0 0 4 4 2 0 14 3.51
21-25 9 0 1 1 3 5 0 2 21 5.26
26-30 10 1 3 1 16 8 1 3 43 10.78
31-35 6 3 1 5 11 9 1 1 37 9.27
36-40 12 0 5 7 12 7 2 3 48 12.03
41-45 10 2 4 2 14 10 3 6 51 12.78
46-50 11 3 1 2 10 7 3 5 42 10.53
51-55 8 6 1 4 17 2 2 4 44 11.03
56-60 12 0 2 2 11 3 2 2 34 8.52
61-65 10 3 1 1 8 3 3 1 30 7.52
66 and older 8 2 1 5 14 2 0 2 34 8.52
TOTAL 100 20 20 30 120 60 19 30 399 100.00

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Q3. Religion
Table 4.3 Respondents by Religion
Jesus
Religion Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage
Dela Peña
Roman
88 17 15 27 103 44 16 24 334 83.71
Catholic
Iglesia ni
4 0 2 1 8 11 2 1 29 7.27
Cristo
Other
Christian 7 3 3 2 9 4 1 5 34 8.52
Organization
Muslim 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.25
Buddhism 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.25
Hinduism 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
TOTAL 100 20 20 30 120 60 19 30 399 100.00

Q4. Education Attainment

Table 4.4 Educational Attainment
Jesus
Educational
Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Dela Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage
Attainment
Peña
Kindergarten 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0.50
Elementary 13 2 1 2 18 7 3 2 48 12.03
High School 50 15 13 16 76 35 13 20 238 59.65
Vocational 6 0 0 2 8 6 0 2 24 6.02
College 30 3 5 9 17 12 2 6 84 21.05
Post Graduate 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0.50
No Response 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0.25
Total 100 20 20 30 120 60 19 30 399 100.00

Q5. Employment
Table 4.5 Employment Status
Jesus Dela
Employment Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage
Peña
Employed 22 3 6 6 35 30 11 7 120 30.08
Self-Employed 35 8 8 9 38 13 1 8 120 30.08
Non-Working 39 9 6 14 46 15 6 15 150 37.59
Student 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0.25
No Response 4 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 8 2.01
TOTAL 100 20 20 30 120 60 19 30 399 100.00

Q6. Occupation
Table 4.6 Occupation
Jesus Dela
Occupation Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage
Peña
Farming 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 0 6 2.50
Government
4 0 1 0 5 2 7 4 23 9.58
employee
Private
4 2 3 1 11 11 0 2 34 14.17
employee
Entrepreneur/b
15 2 4 3 26 6 1 5 62 25.83
usiness owner
Self-employed 1 1 1 2 7 4 0 0 16 6.67
Laborer 5 0 1 3 9 5 0 0 23 9.58
Others 5 3 4 1 5 5 0 0 23 9.58
No Response 22 2 0 5 10 10 0 4 53 22.08
TOTAL 57 11 14 15 73 43 12 15 240 100.00

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 [Link] of Farmers
Table 4.6.1 Types of Farmers
Jesus
Type of Nangk Banab
Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Dela Malanday Tumana Total Percentage
Farmer a a
Peña
Owns a
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 16.67
Farm
Tenant
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
Farm
Farm
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
Laborer
No
0 1 0 0 0 0 4 0 5 83.33
Response
TOTAL 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 0 6 100.00

Q7. Are you the Household Head?

Table 4.7 Affirmation on Household Head
Jesus
Bagumbaya Tuman
Househol Santolan Tañong Dela Malanday Nangka Banaba Total Percentage
n a
d Head Peña
Yes 57 12 12 19 63 38 11 16 228 57.14
No 41 8 8 11 47 19 8 14 156 39.10
No
2 0 0 0 10 3 0 0 15 3.76
Response
TOTAL 100 20 20 30 120 60 19 30 399 100.00

Additional Information:
Table 4.7.1 Information on Woman-headed Household
Percentage of Woman-Headed Household per
Barangay Woman-headed household
Barangay
Santolan 36 36.0
Bagumbayan 2 10.0
Tañong 4 20.0
Jesus Dela Peña 11 36.7
Malanday 32 26.7
Tumana 21 35.0
Nangka 3 15.8
Banaba 9 30.0
TOTAL 118 29.5

Q8. How many persons are there in your household?

Table 4.8 Household Size
Jesus
Household Size Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage
Dela Peña
1-2 10 5 1 7 26 20 1 6 76 19.1
3-4 43 9 12 17 56 33 4 13 187 46.9
5-6 32 6 6 6 31 5 10 8 104 26.1
7-8 13 0 1 0 7 2 3 1 27 6.1
9-10 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0.5
11 or more 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 0.8
TOTAL 100 20 20 30 120 60 19 30 399 100.0

Total number of
458 71 77 101 456 184 103 134 1,584
family members
Average
4.58 3.55 3.85 3.37 3.80 3.07 5.42 4.47 3.97
Household Size*
*Average household size was computed by dividing the ‘total number of family members’ to the ‘total number of
respondents per barangay’.

A-22
Q9. How much do you earn per month?
Table 4.9 Income Level
Household Income Jesus Dela
Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage
per Month Peña
Less than PhP 3,000 38 4 5 22 54 21 3 6 153 38.35
PhP 3,001-5,000 12 1 1 2 12 7 7 5 47 11.78
PhP 5,001-10,000 18 8 5 2 20 15 3 8 79 19.80
PhP10,001- 15,000 10 3 5 3 13 9 5 7 55 13.78
PhP 15,001-20,000 9 2 1 1 8 6 0 0 27 6.77
more than
6 0 1 0 2 1 1 1 12 3.01
PhP 20,001
No Response 7 2 2 0 11 1 0 3 26 6.52
TOTAL 100 20 20 30 120 60 19 30 399 100.00

Q10. Do you have other sources of income?

Table 4.10 Affirmation on Alternative Sources of Income
Affirmation on
Alternative Jesus Dela
Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage
Sources of Peña
Income
Yes 37 8 8 8 50 15 7 12 145 36.34
No 54 11 9 22 68 42 11 16 233 58.40
No Response 9 1 3 0 2 3 1 2 21 5.26
TOTAL 100 20 20 30 120 60 19 30 399 100.00

Q10.1. If Yes, what is the other source of income?

Table 4.10.1 Alternative Sources of Income
Alternative Jesus
Sources of Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Dela Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage
Income Peña
Sari-sari Store/
9 1 2 3 19 5 4 7 50 34.48
Small-scale Retail
Rentals 2 2 2 0 1 1 0 0 8 5.52
Home
12 2 2 3 10 4 3 0 36 24.83
Service/Business
Pension 1 1 2 1 0 2 0 3 10 6.90
Remittances 13 4 1 1 16 4 0 2 41 28.28
TOTAL 37 10 9 8 46 16 7 12 145 100.00

Q11. Were you born in this Barangay/Village?

Table 4.11 Affirmation if Born in the Barangay/Village
Affirmation if
Jesus
born in the Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage
Dela Peña
barangay/village
Yes 16 7 11 3 38 16 2 4 97 24.31
No 72 13 9 26 79 43 9 21 272 68.17
No Response 12 0 0 1 3 1 8 5 30 7.52
TOTAL 100 20 20 30 120 60 19 30 399 100.00

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Q11.1 If Yes, for how long have you been living in this Barangay/Village?
Table 4.11.1 Period of Residency in the Current Barangay/Village
Period of
Jesus
Residency in Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage*
Dela Peña
the Barangay
1-10 years 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 3 3.09
11-20 years 1 0 0 0 3 0 1 1 6 6.19
21-30 years 5 1 2 1 10 2 0 2 23 23.71
31-40 years 2 0 3 2 5 2 1 0 15 15.46
41-50 years 2 1 3 0 5 6 0 0 17 17.53
More than 51
5 4 3 0 14 5 0 1 32 32.99
years
No response 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.03
TOTAL 16 7 11 3 38 16 2 4 97 100.00
*Period of residency’ divided by 97 (total number of respondents who were born in their respective
barangay/village).

Q11.1.1 What is your main reason for staying in this area?

Table [Link] Reason for Staying in the Barangay/Village
Reason for Jesus
Staying in the Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Dela Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage*
Barangay Peña
Work/livelihood 11 5 9 1 27 14 1 0 68 70.1
Education of
6 3 8 0 16 12 0 0 45 46.4
children
Area is safe/secure 5 3 1 0 6 4 0 0 19 19.6
Access to
productive
2 6 6 0 6 5 0 0 25 13.6
resources/
opportunities
Access to
Government 1 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 5 5.15
Services
Others 1 1 2 1 7 0 1 3 16 16.5
No Response 1 0 0 1 2 1 0 1 6 6.19
TOTAL 27 18 26 3 66 38 2 4 184 **
*’Reason for staying in the barangay/village divided by 97 (total number of respondents who were born in the
community).
**Total percentage does not add up to 100% because one or more person/s may have more than one reason
for staying in the area.

Q11.2 If No, how long have you been living in this barangay?
Table 4.11.2 Period of Residency of Migrant Respondents in the Barangay
Jesus
Period of
Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Dela Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage*
Residency
Peña
1-10 years 23 3 1 8 24 23 1 6 89 32.72
11-20 years 19 1 2 9 18 7 4 7 67 24.63
21-30 years 21 2 5 2 20 9 3 6 68 25.00
31-40 years 7 5 0 3 9 2 0 2 28 10.29
41-50 years 1 1 1 2 6 0 1 0 12 4.41
more than
1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 6 2.21
51 years
No
0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 0.74
Response
TOTAL 72 13 9 26 79 43 9 21 272 100.00
*Period of residency of migrant respondents’ divided by 272 (total number of respondents who migrated in the
community).

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Q11.2.1. Where is your original hometown?
Table [Link] Original Hometown of Migrants
Region Province/City Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Jesus Dela Pena Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage
Cordillera Abra 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.37
Administrative Benguet 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0.37
Region (CAR ) Kalinga 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0.74
Ilocos* 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 6 2.21
Region I (Ilocos Ilocos Norte 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0.74
Region) Ilocos Sur 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 0.74
Pangasinan 3 2 1 0 3 3 0 0 12 4.41
Cagayan 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 0.74
Region II (Cagayan
Isabela 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0.37
Valley)
Nueva Vizcaya 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0.74
Bataan 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.37
Bulacan 3 0 1 0 0 2 0 2 8 2.94
Region III (Central
Nueva Ecija 0 0 0 0 3 1 1 0 5 1.84
Luzon)
Pampanga 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 0.74
Tarlac 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 4 1.47
Caloocan 1 0 0 0 4 1 0 1 7 2.57
Makati 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 1.10
Mandaluyong 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 2 0.74
Manila 1 1 0 0 6 0 0 3 11 4.04
Marikina 11 0 1 8 6 3 5 1 35 12.87
National Capital Muntinlupa 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 3 1.10
Region (NCR) Pasay 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0.37
Pasig 8 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 14 5.15
Quezon City 7 0 1 0 8 5 0 0 21 7.72
San Juan 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.37
Taguig 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0.37
Valenzuela 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.37
Batangas 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 5 1.84
Cavite 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 1 6 2.21
Region IV-A
Laguna 1 0 0 0 2 3 0 0 6 2.21
(CALABARZON)
Quezon 3 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 7 2.57
Rizal 2 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 5 1.84
Mindoro* 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0.74
Region IV-B
Palawan 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.37
(MIMAROPA)
Romblon 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0.37
Albay 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0.74
Bicol* 3 1 1 1 2 2 1 4 15 5.51
Camarines* 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.37
Region V (Bicol
Camarines Norte 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 3 1.10
Region)
Camarines Sur 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 1 5 1.84
Masbate 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 4 1.47
Sorsogon 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0.74
Aklan 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.37
Antique 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0.37
Region VI (Western
Capiz 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.37
Visayas)
Iloilo 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 5 1.84
Negros* 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.37
Bohol 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0.74
Region VII (Central
Cebu 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 4 1.47
Visayas)
Negros Oriental 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 3 1.10
Region VIII Leyte 3 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 7 2.57
(Eastern Visayas) Samar 1 1 1 0 4 0 0 0 7 2.57
Region IX (Western
Zamboanga 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0.74
Mindanao)
Region XI (Davao Davao* 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 4 1.47
region) Davao del Norte 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.37
Region XII
North Cotabato 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0.74
(Soccsksargen)
Region XIII Agusan Del Sur 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.37
(CARAGA) Surigao del Norte 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.37
Autonomous
Region of Muslim Maguindanao 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0.37
Mindanao (ARMM)
Visayas 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.37
Western Visayas 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0.37
Others
Mindanao 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 4 1.47
Province 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0.37
No response 3 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 5 1.84
TOTAL 72 13 9 26 79 43 9 21 272 100.00
Note: The municipalities and barangays stated by the respondents were included in the province where they
originally belong.
*Actual name of the province not identified

A-25
Q11.2.2 What is your main reason for moving into this area?
Table [Link] Reason for Migrating/Moving to the Area
Jesus Dela
Reason for Migrating to Area Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage*
Peña
Work/livelihood 49 9 7 19 63 35 3 10 195 71.69
Education of children 17 2 5 11 25 12 0 0 72 26.47
Area is safe/secure 3 1 0 4 3 5 0 1 17 6.25
displaced by natural calamities 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0.74
displaced by conflict 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0.37
access to productive resources/
2 4 2 0 10 3 0 0 21 7.72
opportunities
there is enough government
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.37
intervention/services in the area
Others 12 2 2 6 11 8 0 2 43 15.81
No Response 3 0 0 1 6 2 6 8 26 9.56
TOTAL 87 18 16 41 118 67 9 22 378 **
*’Reason for migrating into the area’ divided by 272 (total number of respondents who were not born in the
community).
**Figure does not necessarily sum up to 100%.

Q11.3 To what ethnic group, clan or indigenous group does you and your family belong?
Table 4.11.3 Ethnic Group, Clan or Indigenous Group of the Respondents
Ethnic Group,
Clan or Jesus Dela
Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage*
Indigenous Peña
Group
Tagalog 80 11 15 24 100 53 7 15 305 76.44
Bisaya 4 1 2 1 6 2 6 2 24 6.02
Bicolano 4 0 2 2 4 1 3 7 23 5.76
Ilocano 2 2 0 1 5 3 1 2 16 4.01
Ilonggo 0 0 0 2 1 0 1 2 6 1.50
Pangasinense 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 1.00
Waray 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0.50
Cebuano 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0.50
Kapampangan 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0.25
Muslim 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.25
Caviteño 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
Aeta 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
Igorot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
Badjaw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
Maranaw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
Mangyan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
Others 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.25
No Response 7 4 0 0 1 0 1 1 14 3.51
TOTAL 100 20 20 30 120 60 19 30 399 100.00
*Percentage was computed by dividing the ‘ethnic group, clan or indigenous group’s values with 399 (total
number of respondents).

Q12. Are you a member of any community organization?

Table 4.12 Affirmation on Membership in Community Organization
Affirmation if
member Jesus Dela
Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage
of a Community Peña
Organization
Yes 18 5 5 1 20 6 7 8 70 17.54
No 81 11 9 29 89 54 12 15 300 75.19
No Response 1 4 6 0 11 0 7 29 7.27
TOTAL 100 20 20 30 120 60 19 30 399 100.00

A-26
Q13. What is the name of your organization?
Table 4.13 Name of Community Organization
Name of Community Jesus
Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage
Organization Dela Peña
AKKAPP 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.43
Aerobics 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.43
BLU Ladies 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1.43
Buklod Tao 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2.86
COOP 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 2.86
Couples for Christ 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.43
Eusebayos Angel 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.43
4P's 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 4 5.71
POWER 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.43
WAVE 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 4.29
Magic Five Delta Sigma 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.43
Gabriela 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1.43
Help Ladies 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2.86
Homeowner's
1 0 1 0 12 1 0 2 17 24.29
Association
Kilusang Mayo Uno 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.43
Kiwanis Club 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 2.86
Ladies Badminton 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.43
NAPASODA 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1.43
Magdalo 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1.43
Makatao 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1.43
Overseas Workers
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1.43
Welfare Administration
Pink Ladies 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 4.29
SamaKa Ba 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 5.71
Santolan Bay
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.43
Association
Santolan Biker
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.43
Association
SA CHURCH 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.43
Senior Citizen 3 2 2 0 4 3 0 0 14 20.00
SKK 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.43
Todammi Tri
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1.43
Association
No Response 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 2.86
TOTAL 18 5 5 1 20 6 9 10 74 **
*Percentage reflects the ‘name of organization’ divided by the total number of respondents who belong in
community organization
**Total percentage does not add up to 100% because one or more person/s may have more than one community
organization he/she is part of.

Q14. What is your position or function?

Table 4.14 Position in Community Organization
Position in
Jesus
Community Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage
Dela Peña
Organization
Officer 5 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 9 12.86
Member 13 4 4 0 18 5 7 5 56 80.00
No Response 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 1 5 7.14
TOTAL 18 5 5 1 20 6 7 8 70 100.00

A-27
<B. Perception about the Project>
Q15. Have you ever experienced property damages due to flood?
Table 4.15 Affirmation of Property Damage due to Flooding
Affirmation of
Property Jesus Dela
Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage
Damage due Peña
Flooding
Yes 80 8 18 29 114 47 19 29 344 86.22
No 18 12 2 1 6 13 0 1 53 13.28
No Response 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.50
TOTAL 100 20 20 30 120 60 19 30 399 100.00

Q16. If yes, what is the cause of flooding?

Table 4.16 Perception on Causes of Flooding
Cause of the Jesus Dela
Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage
Flooding Peña
Overflow of the
Marikina River 66 8 17 26 97 31 16 27 288 72.18
main stream
Overflow of the
creek (tributary
4 0 0 2 3 10 2 0 21 5.26
of the Marikina
River)
Water stagnation
due to in
6 3 3 2 7 11 1 1 34 8.52
adequate
drainage system
Others 6 0 0 0 7 4 0 1 18 4.51
No Response 18 9 0 0 6 4 0 1 38 9.52
TOTAL 100 20 20 30 120 60 19 30 399 100.00

Q17. How frequent are you suffering from flood disaster on average?
Table 4.17 Frequency of Flood Disaster
Frequency of Jesus Dela
Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage
Flooding Peña
Several times or
5 2 5 10 28 6 1 7 64 16.04
more every year
Once or twice
11 2 2 6 19 8 15 10 73 18.30
per year
Once per
12 3 2 3 27 8 1 3 59 14.79
several years
Rarely 56 1 10 11 41 24 2 7 152 38.10
None, so far 11 12 1 0 5 14 0 2 45 11.28
No Response 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 1.50
TOTAL 100 20 20 30 120 60 19 30 399 100.00

Q18. How did you respond to the flooding issue?

Table 4.18 Response to Flooding Issue
Jesus
Response to
Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Dela Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage*
Flooding
Peña
Raise to Gov't
13 1 9 10 30 7 1 0 71 17.79
and LGU
Move/Resettle to
39 4 8 19 65 23 15 11 184 46.12
another area
Pay Attention to
PAGASA
44 6 12 8 56 31 0 16 173 43.36
warning for early
evacuation

A-28
 Jesus
Response to
Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Dela Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage*
Flooding
Peña
Do Nothing 7 1 3 1 7 4 1 1 25 6.27
Not Applicable 4 8 0 0 3 3 0 0 18 4.51
No Response 10 0 0 1 4 2 2 2 21 5.26
TOTAL 117 20 32 39 165 70 19 30 492 **
*Percentage reflects the ‘response to flooding’ divided by the total number of respondents (399)
**Total percentage does not add up to 100% because one or more person/s may have more than one response
to flooding.

Q19. Are you aware of the proposed Pasig Marikina River Channel Improvement Project
(PMRCIP)?
Table 4.19 Affirmation on Awareness of the Project
Affirmation on
Jesus Dela
Awareness of Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage
Peña
PMRCIP
Yes 31 5 7 10 53 25 0 11 142 35.59
Slightly Aware 8 5 1 1 14 0 1 3 33 8.27
No 56 7 11 18 51 34 18 16 211 52.88
No Response 5 3 1 1 2 1 0 0 13 3.26
TOTAL 100 20 20 30 120 60 19 30 399 100.00

Q20. If Yes or Slightly Aware, how did you know about the project?
Table 4.20 Source of Information about the Project
Jesus
Source of Information
Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Dela Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage*
about the Project
Peña
Government/Barangay
26 1 2 10 34 16 0 4 93 53.14
Officials
Neighbors/Relatives 16 5 0 6 19 9 0 3 58 33.14
DPWH Officials 0 0 0 1 4 3 1 0 9 5.14
Radio/TV/Newspapers 17 5 5 6 37 17 0 6 93 53.14
Barangay
4 0 3 0 8 6 0 1 22 12.57
meetings/consultation
Surveys and research 3 0 0 1 15 2 0 0 21 12.00
Bulletin
0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 1.14
Boards/Poster/Flyer
Others 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0.57
No Response 2 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 5 2.86
TOTAL 69 12 10 24 121 53 1 14 304 **
*Percentage reflects the ‘response to the source of information’ divide it by the total number of respondents who
said they are aware and slightly aware of the PMRCIP (175)
**Total percentage does not add up to 100% because one or more person/s may have more than one response
to the source of information.

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In your opinion, what are the possible effects of the proposed PMRCIP?
Q20.1 Positive:
Table 4.20.1 Opinion on the Positive Effects of the Project
Positive
Jesus
Effects of Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage*
Dela Peña
PMRCIP
Creation of jobs
and livelihood 5 0 0 0 11 5 0 0 21 5.26
opportunities
Progress in the
32 3 11 9 68 26 0 8 157 39.35
city
Opportunities
for local
20 3 8 1 30 7 0 1 70 17.54
vendors and
businesses
Less flooding in
44 18 18 2 67 28 0 20 197 49.37
our area
Cleaner
35 7 13 0 42 29 1 2 129 32.33
surroundings
Improved river
14 6 8 0 30 18 0 1 77 19.30
water quality
Better
aesthetics 4 3 6 1 21 0 0 0 35 8.77
around the river
I don’t know 15 0 0 6 8 8 14 5 56 14.04
No Response 4 0 0 11 4 3 4 0 26 6.52
TOTAL 173 40 64 30 281 124 19 37 768 **
*Percentage reflects the ‘response to the positive impact of the project’ divided by the total number of
respondents (399).
**Total percentage does not add up to 100% because one or more person/s may have more than one response
to the positive impact of the project

Q20.2 Negative:
Table 4.20.2 Opinion on the Negative Effects of the Project
Negative Effects Jesus
Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage*
of PMRCIP Dela Peña
Loss of property 57 12 11 11 73 34 0 22 220 55.14
Air pollution 4 1 0 0 12 5 1 0 23 5.76
Water pollution 3 0 1 0 14 8 0 0 26 6.52
Loss of plants,
14 0 0 1 27 20 0 1 63 15.79
natural habitats
Increase in traffic
3 0 0 1 7 8 0 0 19 4.76
congestion
Loss of jobs or
13 1 0 1 16 9 0 0 40 10.03
livelihood
Noise pollution 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0.25
I don’t know 22 1 0 6 16 3 14 8 70 17.54
Others 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0.75
No Response 14 4 8 11 22 12 4 0 75 18.80
TOTAL 130 22 20 31 187 100 19 31 540 **
*Percentage reflects the ‘response to the negative impact of the project’ divided by the total number of
respondents (399).
**Total percentage does not add up to 100% because one or more person/s may have more than one response
to the negative impacts of the project.

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Q21. In your opinion, how can PMRCIP help the barangay/ city and its residents?
Table 4.21 Opinion on Benefits of the Project to Community
Perceived Benefits of
Jesus
PMRCIP to the Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage
Dela Peña
Community
Improve flow of river /
Widening channel / 16 5 7 4 25 12 8 0 77 19.30
Increasing depth of river
Lessen flood incidents
34 2 6 14 37 0 1 5 99 24.81
and impacts
Resettle people living
6 2 2 1 5 6 6 1 29 7.27
along the river
Increase business
0 0 1 0 4 3 0 0 8 2.01
opportunities
Improve transportation 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0.50
Improve drainage 8 0 1 0 6 6 0 0 21 5.26
Coordinate with
4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1.00
barangay
Project will benefit
0 0 1 4 24 13 0 0 42 10.53
everybody
Use of river for
0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 3 0.75
recreational purposes
Clean surroundings 7 0 0 0 0 1 1 10 19 4.76
Provide information on
6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 1.50
floods and warning signs
Livelihood projects 7 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 8 2.01
I don't know 0 10 0 0 14 15 0 10 49 12.28
No response 11 1 0 7 5 2 2 4 32 8.02
TOTAL 100 20 20 30 120 60 19 30 399 100.00

Q22. Do you generally support the proposed PMRCIP?

Table 4.22 Affirmation on Support for the Project
Support for the Jesus
Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage
Project Dela Peña
Yes 75 16 18 21 97 40 15 30 312 78.20
No 19 1 0 8 19 20 2 0 69 17.29
Neutral 6 3 1 0 3 0 1 0 14 3.51
No Response 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 4 1.00
TOTAL 100 20 20 30 120 60 19 30 399 100.00

Q22.1 If Yes, why do you say so?

Table 4.22.1 Reason for Supporting the Project

Reason for
Jesus Dela
Supporting the Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage*
Peña
Project
Resolve flooding
56 15 17 16 87 35 1 22 249 79.81
Issue
Improve civil
facilities (roads, etc.) 23 9 8 7 31 11 11 8 108 34.62
along the river
Encourage business
5 5 9 1 19 2 0 0 41 13.14
and jobs in the area
Pollution be reduced
26 9 10 3 43 14 2 0 107 34.29
in the river
Others 1 0 0 0 3 2 1 0 7 2.24
No Response 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 3 0.96
TOTAL 111 38 44 28 184 65 15 30 515 **
*Percentage reflects the ‘response to the reason for supporting the project’ divided by the total number of
respondents who support the project (312).
**Total percentage does not add up to 100% because one or more person/s may have more than one response
to the reason for supporting the project.

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 Q22.2 If No, what is the reason?
Table 4.22.2 Reason for not supporting the Project
Reason for not Jesus
Percentage
supporting the Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Dela Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total
*
project Pena
It would
necessitate
resettlement of the 1 0 0 0 3 4 0 0 8 11.59
people living near
the river
It would cause
loss of property of 5 0 0 1 8 11 0 0 25 36.23
PAPs
It would cause
loss of
3 1 0 4 3 2 0 0 13 18.84
jobs/livelihood
problems to PAPs
It would cause
environmental
problems such as
2 z0 0 1 2 1 0 0 6 8.7
pollution, loss of
vegetation, traffic
congestion etc.
I do not agree with
this project/
construction of 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 3 4.35
flood control
structure
Others 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.45
No response 6 0 0 2 3 2 0 0 13 18.84
TOTAL 19 1 0 8 19 20 2 0 69 100.00
*Percentage reflects the ‘response to the reason for not supporting the project’ divided by the total number of
respondents who do not support the project (69).

Q22.3 If No, what measures would be necessary to make the Project acceptable for you?
Table 4.22.3 Measures to accept the Project
Jesus
Measures to
Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Dela Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage*
Accept the Project
Pena
Personal initiative of
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.20
cleaning
Assurance of no
0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2.41
corruption
Unity or relocation 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.20
Finish the project
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.20
fast
Transparent budget 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.20
Inform about the
project and its help 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1.20
to the public
Improve the
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1.20
riverside
No response 24 0 0 8 21 20 2 0 75 90.36
TOTAL 25 4 1 8 22 20 3 0 83 100.00
*Percentage reflects the ‘response to the measure to be undertaken to support the project’ divided by the total
number of respondents who are neutral and do not support the project (83).

Q23. Do you and your family depend on the Marikina River as a source of livelihood
support?
Table 4.23 Dependence on River
Dependence Jesus
Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage
on River Dela Pena
Yes 3 1 1 4 1 1 2 0 13 3.26

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 No 91 19 19 26 112 58 15 27 367 91.98
No response 6 0 0 0 7 0 3 3 19 4.76
TOTAL 100 20 20 30 120 59 20 30 399 100.00

Q23.1 If Yes, what exactly do you (your family) depend on the Marikina River?
Table 4.23.1 Way of Dependence on the River
Way of Jesus
Dependence on Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Dela Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage*
the River Pena
Taking water from
the river for 1 1 1 2 1 0 2 0 8 61.54
garden/irrigation
Taking water from
the river for
1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 3 23.08
washing clothes,
cars, etc.
Bathing in the river 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7.69
No response 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 7.69
TOTAL 3 1 1 4 1 1 2 0 13 100
*Percentage reflects the ‘response on how they depend on the river’ divided by the total number of
respondents who depend on the river (13).

Q24 How / where do you (and your family) dispose of your solid wastes/garbage?
Table 4.24 Solid Waste Disposal
Solid Waste Jesus
Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage*
Disposal Dela Peña
Utilizing solid
waste collection
and disposal 99 20 20 28 119 60 18 25 389 97.49
system provided by
LGUs
Direct dumping into
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0.25
the river
Direct dumping into
the nearby open 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 5 1.25
space
Other (pls. specify) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.00
No Response 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 4 1.00
TOTAL 100 20 20 30 120 60 19 30 399 100.00
*Percentage reflects the ‘response to the solid waste disposal’ divided by the total number of respondents
(399).

Q24.1 How / where do you (and your family) discharge your waste water or effluent?
Table [Link] Wastewater Disposal
Wastewater Jesus Dela
Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage*
Disposal Peña
STP system provided
17 10 7 3 31 19 0 0 87 21.80
by MWCI
Septic tank 43 8 7 11 62 29 0 18 178 44.61
Direct discharging
34 2 3 11 17 11 17 8 103 25.81
into the river
Other (pls. specify) 5 0 0 1 9 0 0 3 18 4.51
No Response 1 0 3 4 1 1 2 1 13 3.26
TOTAL 100 20 20 30 120 60 19 30 399 100.00
*Percentage reflects the ‘response to wastewater disposal’ divided by the total number of respondents (399).

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Q25 Do you have the following social issue(s) in your community/barangay?
Table 4.25 Social Issues in Community
Social Issues in Jesus
Santolan Bagumbayan Tañong Malanday Tumana Nangka Banaba Total Percentage
Barangay Dela Peña
Agitation /
Disturbance by 12 1 0 9 0 0 0 0 22 5.51
radical group
Gender issues such
as discrimination
against women, non- 4 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 7 1.75
equal work
opportunities
Abuse of children
such as child labor,
3 0 0 0 6 2 0 4 15 3.76
child prostitution,
abandonment
Issues on Sexuality
transmitted disease
(HIV, AIDS) including
presence/reports of
STD in your 2 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 6 1.50
community/barangay,
discrimination
against the people
with HIV/AID
31 11 11 2 24 8 9 5 101 25.31
Thieves (1)
Drug addicts Thieves (4) Drug Garbage (1) Government Drug Drug addicts
(17) addicts (3) has a good addicts (3) (3) addicts (1)
Gossips (5) Neighbors (1) governance
Gambling (4) Car engine (1) Thieves (3) Corrupt (1) Noise (1)
Videoke (1) noises (2)
Snatchers (6) Thieves (13) Noise (2) Low income Garbage and
Animal noise snatchers (1) flooding (1)
Neighbors (1) (1) (3) Drug addicts
Other (pls. specify)
(2) Communicable Lack of
Noise (1) Vehicular children diseases (1) medicines (1)
noise (1) noises (1) Flood (3)
Canal Flooding (1)
overflow (1) swindlers Fraternity war
(1) (2) Garbage (2)
Gang riots (1)
air Drunkards (2)
pollution
(1) snatchers (1)
None of these 11 2 9 19 68 42 5 6 162 40.60
No Response 37 5 0 0 20 7 3 14 86 21.55
TOTAL 100 20 20 30 120 60 19 30 399 100.00

A-34
5. Conclusion and Recommendations

Based on the perception survey, majority of the respondents experience flooding. Most of
them perceive that the main reason of flooding is the overflowing of Marikina River. Their
usual response to flooding incidence is to temporarily move /resettle to another area.

Almost half of the respondents are already aware of the Project. The have learned mostly
about the Project from the information provided by the government and/or barangay officials.
In terms of positive effect of the project, near half of the total number of respondents think
that the Project will lessen/mitigate the flooding in their area. However, in terms of
perception on the negative effects of the project, majority think that the project will cause
potential loss of property.

Majority of the respondents expressed their support for the project because they perceive
that the project will resolve the flooding issue in the area but among those who do not
support the projects thinks that it would cause loss of property damage and livelihood to
project-affected families. Some expressed their concerns on resettlement issues.

Generally, the respondents do not depend largely on the river. They only use the river for
irrigation purposes/gardening and some use it for washing clothes. The respondents
claimed that they follow the solid waste collection and disposal system provided by the LGU.
They also either utilize the sewage treatment plant (STP) provided by a private water
company (MWCI) or have their own septic tanks, based on the survey.

To increase project awareness specifically on project scope and benefits, a more intensive
information, education and communication (IEC) activities shall be conducted to achieve
better understanding of the project more importantly by community stakeholders. This may
include information caravan, distribution of pamphlets/flyers, and conduct of public
consultation, among others. Close coordination with relevant local government units (LGUs)
must be continuously undertaken making them as “partners” in this project will ensure
meeting project goals and objectives.

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4-2 Questionnaire
PERCEPTION SURVEY FORM

No: _______ Date: __________________Starting Time: End: _______

DIRECTION: Check()the appropriate box [ ] next to the interviewee’s response, or write on

the blank if the response is not among the choices provided.

Name of Respondent: __________________________________________________

Address: ______________________________________________________________________

A. PERSONAL INFORMATION:

1. Q1. Gender (NO NEED TO ASK): [a] Male [b] Female

2. Q2. Age (Edad): ______

3. Q3. Religion (Relihiyon):

[a] Roman Catholic [b] Iglesia Ni Cristo [c] Other Christian Organization

[d] Muslim [e] Buddhism [e] Hinduism

[f] Others (please specify) Q3.1__________

4. Q4. Educational Attainment (Edukasyong Tinapos):

[a] Kindergarten [b] Elementary [c] High School

[d] Vocational [e] College [f] Post-graduate (Masteral, Doctoral etc.)

5. Q5. Employment (Trabaho)

[a] Employed (May Trabaho) [b] Self-Employed (Walang Trabaho)

[c] Non-Working (Walang Trabaho) [d] Student (Mag-aaral)

Q6. If employed, please indicate below the occupation (ano ang trabaho?):

[a] Farming

Q6.1If yes, [ ] Own a farm [ ] Tenant Farmer [ ] Farm Laborer

[b] Fishing

Q6.2. If yes, [ ] Own a boat [ ] Rent a boat [ ] Fishery laborer

[c] Government employee (e.g. barangay official, health worker, etc.)

[d] Private employee (e.g. manager, clerk, messenger, secretary, etc.)

[e] Entrepreneur/business owner (e.g. sari-sari store, vendor, etc.)

[f] Self-employed (e.g. tailor, laundry, driver, etc.)

[g] Laborer (e.g. construction worker, factory worker, etc.)

[h] Others: _______________________________________

A-36
6. Q7. Are you the Household Head (Kayo po ba ang Puno ng Pamilya)?

[a] Yes [b] No

7. Q8. How many persons are there in your household? (Ilan po ang miyembro ng inyong
pamilya): _______ household members, including the household head

Full Name (buong pangalan) Age (Edad) Educational Attainment

(Edukasyong tinapos)

Q8.1.1 Q8.2.1 Q8.3.1

Q8.1.2 Q8.2.2 Q8.3.2
Q8.1.3 Q8.2.3 Q8.3.3
Q8.1.4 Q8.2.4 Q8.3.4
Q8.1.5 Q8.2.5 Q8.3.5
Q8.1.6 Q8.2.6 Q8.3.6

8. Q9. How much do you earn per month? (ESTIMATE ONLY) (Magkano po ang inyong
kinikita bawat buwan):

[a] Less than Php 3,000 [b] Php 3,001-5,000 [c] Php5,001-10,000

[d] Php10, 001- 15,000 [e] Php15,001-20,000 [f] more than Php20,000

9. [Link] you have other sources of income (Mayroon po baka yong ibang na pagkukuhanan
ng kita)?

[a] Yes [b] No

Q10.1 If Yes, what is the other source of income (Kung Oo, ano pa po ang inyong ibang
pinagkukuhanan ng kita)? ________________________

10 Q11. Were you born in this Barangay/Village? (Dito po ba sa barangay na ito kayo
ipinanganak?) __________

Q11.1 If Yes, for how long have you been living in this Barangay/Village (Kung oo, gaano
na kayo katagal nakatira sa barangay na ito)? ______ month/s _______ year/s

Q11.1.1 What is your main reason for staying in this area (Kung oo, ano po inyong
pangunahing dahilan upang manatili dito)?

[a] Work/livelihood

[b] Education of children

[c] Area is safe/secure

[d] Access to productive resources/opportunities

[e] There is enough government intervention/service in the area

[f] Others (specify): ________________________________________

Q11.2 If No, how long have you been living in this barangay (Kung hindi, ilang taon na po
kayo nakatira sa barangay na ito)?______ month/s _______ year/s

A-37
 Q11.2.1 Where is your original hometown (Saang bayan/barangay po kayo nakatira dati)?
_______________, and

Q11.2.2 What is your main reason for moving into this area (Ano po ang inyong naging
dahilan upang lumipat sa lugar na ito)?

[a] Work/livelihood

[b] Education of children

[c] Area is safe/ secure

[d] Displaced by Natural Calamities

[e] Displaced by Conflict

[f] Access to productive resources/opportunities

[g] There is enough government intervention/service in the area

[h] Others (specify): ________________________________________

Q11.3 To what ethnic group, clan or indigenous group does you and your family belong
(Sa anong tribo, katutubo o lahi kayo napapabilang)? ________________

[a] Tagalog [b] Bisaya [c] Ilocano [d] Kapampangan [e] Pangasinense

[f] Caviteño [g] Bicolano [h] Waray [i] Ilonggo [j] Cebuano

[k] Aeta [l] Igorot [m] Badjaw [n] Muslim [o] Maranaw

[p] Mangyan [q] Others (specify): _________________

12. Membership in community organization

Q12. Are you a member of any community organization? (Kayo po ba ay miyembro ng

inyong lokal na organisasyon?)

[a] Yes [b] No

Q13. What is the name of your organization (Ano po ang pangalan ng inyong
organisasyon?): ______________________

Q14. What is your position or function? (Ano po ang inyong posisyon o

katungkulan?):________________

B. PERCEPTION ABOUT THE PROJECT:

1. Experience on flood disasters

Q15. Have you ever experienced property damages due to flood (Nakaranas na po ba
kayo ng mga pinsala sa kagamitan dulot ng baha)?

[a] Yes [b] No

Q16. If Yes, what is the cause of flooding (Kung oo, ano ang sanhi ng pagbabaha)?

[a] Overflow of the Marikina River main stream (Pag-apaw ng tubig ng Ilog)

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 [b] Overflow of the creek (tributary of the Marikina River) (Pag-apaw ng tubig mula sa mga
sapa)

[c] Water stagnation due to in adequate drainage system (Hindi dumadaloy na tubig dahil
sa kulang na pasilidad)

[d] Other (pls. specify) ________________

Q17. How frequent are you suffering from flood disaster on average (Sa inyong tantya,
gaano kayo kadalas nakakaranas ng pagbaha)? ____________

[a] Several times or more every year (Madalas at sobra pa bawat taon)

[b] Once or twice per year (isa o dalawang beses kada taon)

[c] Once per several years (isang beses sa ilang taon)

[d] Rarely (bibihira)

[e] None, so far (wala)

Q18. How did you respond to the flooding issue (Paano po kayo nag-rispunde sa
pagbabaha)?

[a] Raised the necessity of launching measure to GOs/LGUs

[b] Moved (Resettled) to safer place

[c] Pay attention to get warning message provided by PAGASA or others for early
evacuation

[d] Usually do nothing special so far

[e] Not applicable (not within the flood prone area)

2. Q19. Are you aware of the proposed Pasig Marikina River Channel Improvement Project
(PMRCIP) (May alam po ba kayo tungkol sa PMRCIP)?

[a ] Yes [b] Slightly Aware [c] No

3. Q20. If Yes or Slightly Aware, how did you know about the project? (CHECK AS MANY
RESPONSES GIVEN) (kung OO, paano o saan po ninyo ito nalaman?)

[a] Government/Barangay Officials

[b] Neighbors/Relatives

[c] DOTC Officials

[d] Radio/TV/Newspapers

[e] Barangay meetings/consultation

[f] Surveys and research

[g] Bulletin Boards/Poster/Flyers

[h] Others __________________________________________________________

4. In your opinion, what are the possible effects of the proposed PMRCIP?

(PROBE TO GET AS MANY RESPONSES AS POSSIBLE)

A-39
 (sa inyong pananaw, anu-ano ang mga maaaring maidulot ng proyektong PMRCIP?)

Q20.1 Positive:

[a] Creation of jobs and livelihood opportunities(such as? ___________________)

[b] Progress in the city

[c] Opportunities for local vendors and businesses

[d] Less flooding in our area

[e] Cleaner surroundings

[f] Improved river water quality

[g] Better aesthetics around the river

[h] I don’t know

[i] Others __________________________

Q20.2 Negative:

[a] Loss of property

[b] Air pollution

[c] Water pollution

[d] Loss of plants, natural habitats

[e] Increase in traffic congestion

[f] Loss of jobs or livelihood

[g] Noise pollution

[h] I don’t know

[i] Others ________________________

6. Q21. In your opinion, how can PMRCIP help the barangay/ city and its residents (Sa
inyong pananaw, sa paanong paraan maaaring makatulong ang PMRCIP sa pamayanan
ng barangay/ siudad at mga residente)?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
___________

7. Q22. Do you generally support the proposed PMRCIP? (Sa pangkalahatan, sumusuporta
ka ba sa PMRCIP?)

[a] Yes [b] No [c] Neutral

Q22.1 If Yes, why do you say so? (kung OO, paano mo ito nasabi?)

[a] It would resolve flooding issues along the river. (Mawawala na ang pagbaha sa tabi ng
ilog)

[b]It would improve civil facilities (roads, walkways) along the river. (Gaganda ang mga
pampubliko pasilidad sa tabi ng ilog)

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 [c] It would encourage business and jobs in the area. (Dadami ang negosyo at trabaho sa
lugar)

[d] Pollution will be reduced in the river. (Mababawasan ang polusyon at dumi sa ilog)

[e] others, please specify (Iba pa) ___________________________________________

Q22.2 If No, what is the reason (Kung HINDI, ano ang dahilan)?

[a] It would cause loss of property of PAPs (magdudulot ng kawalan ng mga ari-arian ng
mga PAPs)

[b] It would cause loss of jobs / livelihood problem to PAPs (magdudulot ng kawalan ng
trabaho at kabuhayan)

[c] It would cause environmental problem such as pollution, loss of vegetation, traffic
congestion, etc. (magdudulot ng problema sa kapaligiran lalong lalo na sa polusyon,
pagkatanggal ng mga halaman, paglala ng trapiko atbp.)

[d] I do not agree with this Project, or construction of flood control structure to mitigate
flooding

[e] Other (pls. specify)_______

Q22.3 If No, what measures would be necessary to make the Project acceptable for you?
(Kung HINDI, ano sa inyong palagay ang mga maaaring gawin upang ang proyekto ay
maging mas katanggap-tanggap?)

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
___________

8. Q23 Do you and your family depend on the Marikina River as a source of livelihood
support (Naka dipende ba kayo ng pamilya mo sa mga serbisyong naibigay ng Ilog na
pinanggagalingan ng pangkabuhayan)?

[a] Yes [b] No

Q23.1 If Yes, what exactly do you (your family) depend on the Marikina River (Kung OO,
sa anong aspeto kayo nakadepende sa Ilog ng Marikina)?

[a] Taking water from the river for garden/irrigation (pandilig ng mga halaman)

[b] Taking water from the river for washing clothes, cars, etc. (panlaba at panlinis ng
sasakyan)

[c] Bathing in the river (paliguan)

[d] Using river as playground

[e] Fishing (using net or fishing rod, etc.)

[f] Transportation

[g] Recreational Activities

[h] Traditional/religious ceremony in the river

[i] Other special use (pls. specify) ____

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9. Experience with environmental problems within the community (Mga nararanasang
problema sa kapaligiran sa loob ng pamayanan)

Q24 How / where do you (and your family) dispose of your solid wastes/garbage (Paano at
saan nyo itinatapon ang inyong mga basura)?

[a] Utilizing solid waste collection and disposal system provided by LGUs (Gamit ang
serbisyo ng lokal na gobyerno na nangongolekta ng basura)

[b] Direct dumping into the river (Itinatapon sa ilog)

[c] Direct dumping into the nearby open space (itinatambak sa bakanteng lote)

[d] Other (pls. specify) _____________

Q24.1 How / where do you (and your family) discharge your waste water or effluents
(Paano at saan ninyo itinatapon ang mga madumi at gamit na tubig)?

[a] Utilizing STP system provided by MWCI (Manila Water Company Inc.)

[b] Septic tank

[c] Direct discharging into the river (Marikina River / creek) through drain

[d] Other (pls. specify)_____________

10. Q25 Do you have the following social issue(s) in your community/barangay (Ang mga
sumusunod na panlipunang problema ba ay nararanasan sainyong komunidad/barangay)?

[a] Agitation / disturbance by radical/critical sided political group

[b] Gender issues such as discrimination against women, non- equal work opportunities,

[c] Abuse of children such as child labor, child prostitution, abandonment (physical/mental),

[d] Issues on Sexually transmitted diseases (HIV, AIDS), including presence/reports of

STD in your community/barangay, discrimination against the people w/ HIV/AIDS.

[d] Other (pls. specify) _____________

Thank you very much for your attention.

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ANNEX-5: Record of Public Consultation Meeting (PCM)

5-1 Tarpaulin (Poster) of PCM

5-2 Program

Time Program

10 minutes 1. National Anthem and Prayer

5 minutes 2. Welcome Address (by Concerned LGU)

3. Presentation 1: Project Description

30 minutes
(by DPWH-UPMO-FCMC)

4. Presentation 2: Environmental and Social Considerations

30 minutes
(by DPWH-ESSD)

45 minutes 5. Open Forum

5 minutes 6. Closing Remarks

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5-2 Brochure of PMRCIP, Phase IV
(1) English Version

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(2) Tagalog Version

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5-3 Presentation materials
(1) Project Description

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A-47
A-48
A-49
(2) Environmental and Social Considerations

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A-51
A-52
5-4 Record o PCM
(1) 1st PCM at Barangay Jesus De La Peña, Marikina City
a. Minutes of Meeting

I. Venue : Barangay Jesus Dela Peña Multipurpose Hall, General Malvar St.
Marikina City

II. Date/Time: 01 June 2015 /14:00 – 16:27

III. No. of Participants: 69

Local Participants: 55
LGU Official: 8
Local Community: 47
Proponent Side: 14
DPWH: 4
Consultants: 10

IV. Welcome Remarks: Hon. Manuel E. Sarmiento, Brgy. Capt. of Jesus Dela Peña

Brgy. Capt. Sarmiento gave a warm welcome to the participants of the Public Consultation
Meeting, firstly to the organizers and then to the officials of Marikina City Hall and the
representatives of Barangays Industrial Valley Complex, Tañong, Barangka, and Jesus Dela
Peña. He emphasized the importance of this meeting as it aims to inform the impacts of the
Project to the people. He encouraged the participants to take part in the discussions and
thanked them for their attendance.

V. Open Forum

Topic Comment/
Name/Position Remarks
No. Answer
1 Comment/Question Ma. Corazon P. Lim/ Ms. Cora asked the estimated budget of the
Secretary of Provident Project. She also queried how the loan of the
Village Project will be done. She expressed concern
since it is the future generation who will be
paying for this loan.
Answer Proponent The unofficial estimate is around PHP14
Billion, and may increase or decrease
depending upon the results of the detailed
design. The loan agreement will be entered
between the Philippine Government and JICA
and will be finalized early next year based from
the tentative schedule.
2 Comment/Question Ma. Corazon P. Lim/ She also asked if the bicycle/jogging lane along
Secretary Provident Marikina River will be affected by the project.

Answer Proponent The jogging lane along the Marikina River will
not be removed totally. There will be some
sections though that will be affected.

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Topic Comment/
Name/Position Remarks
No. Answer
3 Comment/Question Ma. Corazon P. Lim/ She inquired if the water lilies at the Marikina
Secretary Provident River will be removed during project
implementation as these pose as an obstacle to
the river flow.
(Note: people normally refer to water lily and
water hyacinth as one; water lily was the actual
term used, this should be water hyacinth
instead)
Answer Proponent In case the water lilies will pose as a problem
during construction, these will be removed.
Water lilies normally live in dirty water not in
clean water. They do not survive in salt water
too, the reason why there are no water lilies in
Manila de Bay. So if the Marikina River will be
cleaned up, water lilies will not thrive. It is
necessary then that people should also help in
cleaning up the river to address the problem
with water lilies.
4 Comment/Question Jeorge Milla/ Mr. Jeorge inquired if the project construction
Provident Village would be 24/7(continuous for 24 hours in a day
Resident and 7 days in a week).
Answer Proponent Construction works will not be entirely 24/7.
There will be times when work will still
continue beyond the regular working hours as
needed.
5 Comment/Question Jeorge Milla/ Regarding the proposed additional vertical
Provident Village wall, he raised the concerned about their
Resident assurance of the strength of the heightening of
the wall. Based from experience with Typhoon
Ondoy, the river dike with a width of 1 meter
was destroyed.
Answer Proponent The heightening of the vertical wall will be
based on the difference of the height of the
existing wall to the height of the designed flood
level.
For the structural strength, the proposed design
is double walling following the required
standards.
6 Comment/Question Jeorge Milla/ Security in the area was raised during the
Provident Village construction phase. He inquired if the road to be
Resident built can help address the congestion problem
in their area.
Answer Proponent Regarding security, there will be a temporary
security fence to be placed. For the congestion
problem, the road to be built will just be a
maintenance road and not meant for vehicular
traffic.
7 Comment/Question Manny Sarmiento He suggested that Contractors should get
/Barangay Captain of working permit in their Barangay for the proper
J. Dela Peña identification of workers and for security
purposes.

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Topic Comment/
Name/Position Remarks
No. Answer
Answer Proponent The suggestion was considered. Workers will
get barangay permit, and workers will have
proper uniform to facilitate their identification.
8 Comment/Question Roche Rigos/ He inquired if there is any improvement or
Provident Village restoration of the Old Wawa Dam.
Resident
Proponent Wawa Dam is no longer operational. As part of
the flood control system, there is a proposed
Marikina Dam.
Comment/Question Roche Rigos/ He asked the exact location of the Marikina
Provident Village Dam.
Resident
Answer Proponent There is no exact location yet for the planned
Marikina Dam but it will be somewhere near the
current Wawa Dam.
9 Comment/Question Marie Angelie She asked if there have been dredging activities
Tan/Marikina City being done by the Proponent as she observed
Planning some big trucks in the Jogging Lane area. The
Development drivers of those trucks identified DPWH as the
Proponent of the project.
Answer Proponent The dredging in that area is not part of PMRCIP
Phase IV, it might be from the DPWH District
Office.
10 Comment/Question Ma. Corazon P. Lim/ She asked clarification regarding the height of
Secretary Provident the flood wall being proposed.
Answer Proponent The maximum elevation of the flood wall in the
Nangka area is more than 23 meters.
[Note: Nangka area is part of Phase V.
Comment/Question Ma. Corazon P. Lim/ Based from Typhoon Ondoy experience, the
Secretary Provident flood in Provident Village reached the 2nd floor
of most houses. She raised concern whether the
Project considered this in the design.
Proponent The ground elevation should first be determined
in order to compare the house level with the
design flood level.
[Note: There was confusion in this part as Ms.
Lim asserted that the flood level during Ondoy
reached 23ft. Based from news articles, it was
23m and not 23ft.]
11 Comment/Question Jeorge Milla/ He queried if there will be noise barriers to be
Provident Village installed during construction.
Resident
Answer Proponent Noise barriers will be needed depending upon
the equipment to be used. Maintenance of the
construction equipment is part of the
Environmental Management Plan to mitigate
the impact of noise.
12 Comment/Question Roche Rigos/ He raised the possibility of noise coming from
Provident Village the pile hammer during construction.
Resident
Answer Proponent Ordinary pile driver (hammer) will not be used

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 Topic Comment/
Name/Position Remarks
No. Answer
in the construction. A pile vibratory hammer
will be used instead similar to Phase III as this
produces less noise.

VI. Closing Remark: Hon. Manuel Sarmiento, Barangay Captain of Jesus Dela Peña

The Barangay Captain of Jesus Dela Peña thanked those who attended the meeting. He emphasized
the importance of the Public Consultation as an opportunity to raise concerns about the Project. He
wished that people get to appreciate the Project as it tries to address the frequent flooding problem
in the area.

b. Attendants List

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A-57
A-58
c. Photos

Opening/ Prayer Welcome Remark

Open Forum 1 Open Forum 2

Open Forum 3 Closing Remark

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(2) 2nd PCM at Barangay Kalumpang, Marikina City
a. Minutes of Meeting

I. Venue : Barangay Kalumpang Multipurpose Hall/Gym, 1 Kap. Temyong St.,

Marikina City

II. Date/Time: 03 June 2015 /14:00 – 16:23

III. No. of Participants: 63

General Participants: 48
LGU Official: 10
Local Community: 38

Proponent Side: 15
DPWH: 3
Consultants: 12

IV. Welcome Remarks: Hon. Kaye Noll Andres-Garcia, Brgy. Capt. of Kalumpang

Brgy. Capt. Andres-Garcia acknowledged the presence of the representatives of DPWH and
the Consultants, the Officials of Marikina City Hall, and the representatives of Barangays
San Roque, Sto. Niño, Sta. Elena, and Kalumpang. She mentioned that the environmental
impacts of the Project will be discussed in the Public Consultation Meeting as well as the
corresponding mitigation measures. She encouraged everyone to be more attentive and
actively participate so that they will be more informed of the consequences of the Project.

V. Open Forum

Topic Comment/
Name/Position Remarks
No. Answer
1 Comment/Question Bernardo B. He inquired if the ongoing dredging activities in
Santos/Resident of their area is being facilitated by the DPWH or the
Brgy. Kalumpang DENR.
Answer Proponent The on-going dredging activities along Marikina
River is not part of the PMRCIP Phase IV since the
Project will still commence in 2018.
The on-going river dredging is facilitated by the
DPWH Engineering District and is funded locally.
2 Comment/Question Nikki S. He asked for the distinction between the DPWH
Reas/Brgy. Main Office from the District Office in order for
Kalumpang them to determine which office to proceed to seek
Councilor help whenever necessary.
Answer Proponent PMRCIP Phase IV is under the Unified Project
Management Office Flood Control Management
Cluster of the Department of Public Works and
Highways (DPWH-UPMO-FCMC). The office is
located at the Port Area and is under the office of
Director Patrick Gatan as stated in the brochures
distributed. The on-going dredging activities
mentioned is under the DPWH District Engineering

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Topic Comment/
Name/Position Remarks
No. Answer
Office.
3 Comment/Question Kaye Noll Andres- She expressed concern that people might be
Garcia/ Brgy. affected by the Project. In addition, she queried
Kalumpang Brgy. about the Project engineering details such as the
Capt. river width incorporated in the design.
Answer Proponent PMRCIP Phase IV river channel width is 90 meters.
There was no Project Affected People (PAP)
identified in Marikina City for Phase IV. The only
area with PAPs in Phase IV are in Barangay
Bagumbayan which is located in Quezon City.

4 Comment/Question Nikki S. He queried how the existing sheet piles along the
Reas/Kagawad river will be affected.
Answer Proponent The existing sheet piles at the right side of the river
has already been considered in the proposed
Detailed Design. There are some sheet piles though
that will be removed due to some excavation works.
Removed sheet piles in good working conditions
will be re-used in the Project.
5 Comment/Question Bernardo B. He raised concern about the existing “strong” river
Santos/ dike which was constructed in 1954. With the
Project, the strength of the dike might be
compromised due to the vibration during the
construction phase.
Answer Proponent The height of the existing river dike is actually
below the proposed design flood level. The height
of the flood wall will be increased if it is determined
to be structurally sound, otherwise it will be
replaced totally.
6 Comment/Question Ardi Gonzaga/ He asked clarification if the on-going project of the
Brgy. Kalumpang DPWH District Office will be stopped when
Resident PMRCIP Phase IV will be implemented. Further, he
asked if the Project is funded by the LGU of
Marikina City.
Answer Proponent Normally the timeline of DPWH projects are posted
near the project site. Construction works for
PMRCIP Phase IV on the other hand will still start
in 2018, so most likely the contract of the on-going
dredging works may have been finished by then.
For the source of funds of the on-going project,
since it is the Project of the DPWH District Office,
it is still within DPWH, and therefore from the
National Government.
Comment Kennedy Sueno/ For clarification, there is an on-going project being
Marikina City implemented by the Park Development Office,
Engineer funded by the Marikina City Hall, which is separate
from the on-going dredging works, a Project of
DPWH under First Metro Manila District
Engineering Office.

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 Topic Comment/
Name/Position Remarks
No. Answer
7 Comment Salome Aquino She suggested that the on-going DPWH dredging
activities should be finished immediately as the
upcoming rainy season will erode the soil that was
removed from the river.
Proponent This concern will be forwarded to the DPWH First
Metro District Office.

VI. Closing Remark: Ms. Lalaine Catulong, Senior Environmental Management Specialist,
DPWH Environment and Social Safeguards Division

Ms. Lalaine Catulong gave thanks to those who the attended Public Consultation Meeting.
She assured the participants that the meeting has been recorded, and that all the concerns that
were raised in the discussions will be forwarded to the DPWH.

b. Attentants List

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A-64
A-65
c. Photos

Opening/ Prayer Welcome Remark

Open Forum 1 Open Forum 2

Open Forum 3 Closing Remark

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(3) 3rd PCM at Barangay Bagumbayang, Quezon City
a. Minutes of Meeting

I. Venue : Barangay Bagumbayan Multipurpose Hall/Gym, 55 San Roque St.,

Quezon City

II. Date/Time: 05 June 2015 /09:00AM - 11:45AM

III. No. of Participants: 112

General Participants: 102

LGU Official: 7
Local Community: 95

Proponent Side: 10
DPWH: 2
Consultants: 8

IV. Welcome Remarks: Hon. Elmer Maturan, MD., Brgy. Capt. of Bagumbayan

Brgy. Capt. Maturan welcomed the participants of the Public Consultation Meeting. He
emphasized that the meeting aimed to inform the people of the scope of the project. The
areas to be affected during project implementation will be discussed, and therefore, the
affected families will have the opportunity to ask the DPWH on what action needs to be
taken prior to project implementation.

V. Open Forum

Topic Comment/
Name/Position Remarks
No. Answer
1 Comment/Question Jose Mendiola/ He asked the extent of the parapet wall that will
Bagumbayan Deputy be constructed as a component of the project.
Brgy. Peace &
Security Officer
Answer Proponent [The lay-out plan of the Project was flashed in
the screen] A new floodwall will be constructed
from Rosario Weir up to Marcos Bridge, and
from that area up to Marikina Bridge there will
be heightening of the existing floodwall. The
parapet wall will be the structure on top of the
revetment.
2 Comment/Question Ms. Leny Pasco/ Brgy. Someone from the DPWH said that they will not
Capt. of Brgy. Libis be affected by the ongoing project of the 51st
Brigade on the retaining wall located near the
creek between Brgy. Bagumbayan and Brgy.
Libis.
Answer Proponent That scope of work is beyond PMRCIP Phase IV.
3 Comment/Question Rizaldy Masangkay/ He asked how many families will be affected and
Brgy. Bagumbayan where will be the relocation site be possibly
Resident located. There are talks it is located in Bulacan.

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Topic Comment/
Name/Position Remarks
No. Answer
Answer Proponent The official results are not yet out, but once the
report is finished, it will be presented to the
Quezon City government.
For the relocation site, it cannot be confirmed as
it is the NHA (National Housing Authority) who
has the authority to decide on such matters.
4 Comment/Question Gil Ofina/ He asked if the Project will only involve
Ortigas North dredging but not widening of the river.
Association Can the industries along Marikina River have a
Representative discussion with DPWH to address the
sustainable development of the area?
Answer Proponent Regarding the first question some portions of the
river may be widened following the 90-m river
channel width. Aside from dredging, there will
be construction of flood wall along the river.
For the second question, several meetings will be
held after this public consultation, and the
suggestion to have a meeting with DPWH to
promote sustainable development in the area
would be taken into consideration while the
detailed design is being finalized.
5 Comment/Question Alex Cruz/ Brgy. In what station will the construction start? How
Bagumbayan will the boundary/starting point of construction
Kagawad be determined?
Answer Proponent The construction program is not yet finalized, but
the proposed scheme is from downstream going
to upstream. The other specifications may be
determined once the detailed engineering design
is done.
6 Comment/Question Mr. Elmer Maturan/ He wanted to request DPWH –ESSD that all
Brgy. Captain, Brgy affected Informal Settler Families (ISFs) be
Bagumbayan given a good relocation site with basic social
services such as electricity and water.
Further, he hoped that this Project is also
anchored with the preparations being done to
reduce the disaster risks related to the movement
of the West Valley Fault. In case of an earthquake
which will most likely affect the structures of
Angat Dam, will the Project be able to withstand
the flood caused by the bursting of Angat Dam?
Answer Proponent Regarding the resettlement of ISFs, the
guidelines specified by the existing laws on
resettlement and relocation shall be followed.
Regarding Angat Dam, this is located in Bulacan
and in case it will be affected by the earthquake,
the water will be directed towards Novaliches,
Quezon City. It will not have an effect to the
Pasig-Marikina River. The only dam connected
with Marikina River is the Wawa Dam which is
located in Montalban, Rizal [Rodriguez is the
new name of Montalban]. This dam however is

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 Topic Comment/
Name/Position Remarks
No. Answer
currently non-functional.

7 Comment/Question Jeanette E. If the situation will call for a resettlement, she

Celmar/Brgy. suggested that the house be big enough so she
Bagumbayan Resident can put a sari-sari store. In addition, she hoped
there will be a nearby school so her children’s
education will not be affected.
Answer Proponent These suggestions will be taken into
consideration following the resettlement
guidelines imposed by our existing laws.
8 Comment/Question Nilo Jovero/ Alcos He queried if the design of the flood control
Global Corporation structure be altered so as to avoid the existing
Representative structure currently occupied by the company he
is working at.
Answer Proponent The answer could not be provided as the Project
is not yet done with the detailed design stage.
9 Comment/Question Mr. Elmer Maturan/ He asked for clarification how to avoid
Brgy. Capt., Brgy. duplication of data in the census survey. There
Bagumbayan was a case about a house owner who went out of
town during the conduct of the census survey due
to an emergency reason. The owner wanted
his/her name to be reflected in the census survey
and not the name of the house care-taker who
was present during the survey.
Answer Proponent Pertinent documents are normally presented to
show the authenticity of the ownership of the
house. Validation and documentation are done to
establish the proper ownership of the house.

VI. Closing Remark: Hon. Elmer Maturan, MD., Brgy. Capt. of Bagumbayan

Brgy. Capt. Maturan thanked those who came over to the Public Consultation Meeting. He
hoped the participants were now more enlightened with the Project details. Before dismissing
the crowd, he invited the residents of Brgy. Bagumbayan to attend the upcoming seminar on
disaster risk reduction related to earthquake and West Valley Fault.

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b. Attendants List

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A-72
A-73
c. Photos

Opening/ Prayer Welcome Remark

Open Forum 1 Open Forum 2

Open Forum 3 Closing Remark

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ANNEX-6: Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) for
Proposed Backfill Site along Laguna Lakeshore area in Taytay
Municipality

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A-77
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A-82
A-83
A-84
ANNEX-7: Application to Certificate of Non-Coverage for
Cainta and Taytay Floodgate Construction

A-85
A-86
A-87
A-88
ANNEX-8 : Present Conditions of Natural Environment of
the Laguna de Bay

A-89
PRESENT CONDITIONS OF NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE LAGUNA
DE BAY

Current natural environmental conditions of the Laguna de Bay Basin are described and
explained below based on the reports previously prepared by JICA and/or other
agencies.
1. Outline of Laguna de Basy Basin
The coastal area of Laguna de Bay extends about 220 km and the lake area is about 900 km2.
The catchment area is about 3,820 km2 including the Marikina River Basin (about 540 km2) is
connected by the Mangahan Floodway. More than 100 rivers and drainage canals are flowing into
Laguna de Bay.
On the other hand, the natural exit from Laguna de Bay to Manila Bay is only the Napindan
River-the Pasig River located on the north bank of the lake. As watershed for the Lagna de Bay,
there are 24 river basins including the Marikina river basin and Mangahan Area of target of the
Project as shown in Table L-1 and Figure L-1. The catchment area of the Marikina River Basin
(538km2) accounts for about 14% of the whole of catchment of Laguna de Bay Basin (3,775km2).
Table L-1 Basin Specification of Laguna de Bay Basin
SB_ID NAME Main River Name* Area (km2)*2
SB-00 Laguna Lake Surface - 904.0
SB-01 Marikina Marikina River 538.1
SB-02 Mangahan Mangahan Flood way 91.8
SB-03 Angono Angono River 86.6
SB-04 Morong Morong River 95.9
SB-05 Baras Baras River 21.7
SB-06 Tanay Tanay River 52.2
SB-07 Pililla Pilila River 40.4
SB-08 Jala-jala Jala-jala River 70.6
SB-09 Sta. Maria Sta Maria River 202.2
SB-10 Siniloan Romeo River 71.7
SB-11 Pangil Pangil River 50.1
SB-12 Caliraya Caliraya River 128.8
SB-13 Pagsanjan Pagsanjan River 301.2
SB-14 Sta. Cruz Sta. Cruz River 146.7
SB-15 Pila Pila River 89.3
SB-16 Calauan Calauan River 154.5
SB-17 Los Banos Los Banos River 102.1
SB-18 San Juan San Juan River 191.7
SB-19 San Cristobal San Cristobal River 140.6
SB-20 Sta. Rosa Sta. Rosa River 119.8
SB-21 Binan Binan River 84.8
SB-22 San Pedro San Pedro River 46.0
SB-23 Muntinlupa Alaban River 44.1
SB-24 Taguig Napindan Channel 44.5
合計（SB00-SB23） 3,774.9
*1: Major river is shown for each sub-basin
*2: The catchment area is not the catchment area of the river but the area of the basin divided by the small basin.
Source: Data Collection Survey on Parañaque Spillway in Metro Manila(JICA, 2018)

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 ：Basin Boundary for Lagna de Bay

Project
本事業地区 Site

Napindan
Channel

Source: Data Collection Survey on Parañaque Spillway in Metro Manila(JICA, 2018)

Figure L-1 Basin Boundary of Lagna de Bay Basin
2. Utilization of Local Water Resources in Laguna Lake
Laguna de Bay is under jurisdiction by LLDA established in 1969. For the land along Laguna
de Bay, Presidential Decree No. 813 (1975) stipulates the elevation of 12.5 m or less as a public
land.
Under the management and control by the LLDA, the lake is utilized for inland fishery (fishing
and aquaculture), and lake water is used for irrigation, hydropower generation, industrial (cooling)
and transportation.

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2.1 Fishery
Fishery in Laguna Lake is divided into fishing (open lake fishery) and aquaculture. Output of
open lake fishery has been increasing in recent years: it has increased from 81 billion tons in 2008
to 90 billion tons in 2013. (Laguna Lake Master Plan, 2016)
Aquaculture in Laguna Lake is carried out in the forms of fish pen and fish cage. Fish pen is
an artificial enclosure made up of bamboo poles constructed within a body of water for culturing
fish. Fish cage is an enclosure which is either stationary or floating made up of nets or screens.
The area of fish pen and fish cage was 12,0643ha as of 2015, accounts for approx. 13% of surface
of lake water (900km2), composed of 10,386.86ha (86.1%) of fish pen and 1,677.77ha (13.9%) of
fish cage. Gross output of the two was 149,271MT in 2008 and 155,518MT in 2013, accounting
for slight increase. Main cultured fish species include Milkfish (Bangus), Tilapia and Carp.
2.2 Zoning and Management Plan (ZOMAP)
Fish pen was introduced in Laguna Lake in 1973 and has rapidly proliferated because of its
high productivity. Consequently, too many fish pens and fish cages have scattered, which resulted
in diminishing productivity.
Under such circumstances, these socio-economic and environmental problems in Laguna Lake
prompted LLDA to formulate and approve the Zoning and Management Plan (ZOMAP) on
January 1996. Through the ZOMAP, lake resources are equitably delineated and allocated to
various users for aquaculture operations, navigation, and open fishing. Figure L-2 shows the
ZOMAP in 1999, which shows that fish cages are distributed along the lake shore and fish pens
inside. It is shown in the figure that fish pens are located only in West Bay and Central Bay but
very few in East Bay.
The ZOMAP is currently being reviewed and will be revised in January 2018 according to
LLDA. It is because of over usage beyond the lake’s carrying capacity under the current ZOMAP.
After the ZOMAP is revised, the total area of fish pen and fish cage will be approx. 9,000ha
according to an official of LLDA. (Sited from website of LLDA so far) Based on the such
conditions, any fish pen and fish cage has not been installed at the area around outlet of the
Mangahan Floodway.
Fish sanctuaries are established in Laguna Lake aiming at the protection of fish resources in the
lake. There are three fish sanctuaries in the lake stipulated in LLDA Board Resolution No. 136
(2000) as shown in Figure
࢚࣮ࣛ! L-2.ཧ↷ඖࡀぢࡘ࠿ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ. All of three (3) sanctuaries designated
in the Lagna de Bay are located far away from the outlet of the Mangahan Floodway as shown in
Figure L-2.

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 Mangahan Floodway
Muntinpula
Sanctuary

West Bay Central Bay

East Bay

Tubon Sanctuary
South Bay

Ratap Sanctuary

Source: Web site of LLDA

Figure L-2 Zoning and Management Plan (ZOMAP) of Laguna Lake (1999)
2.3 Water Use for Irrigation, Domestic, Industrial and Hydropower Generation
Lake water in Laguna Lake is used with the issuance of Water Permits.
Water Permits are exclusively managed and issued by the National Water Resources
Board (NWRB). Forty (40) Water Permits have been issued for usage of lake water, consisting
of 37 for irrigation, and three others (domestic water supply, industrial water and hydropower).
Intake points of each Water Permit are distributed, namely; two in Metro Manila Area (one for
domestic water supply and another one for irrigation), three in Laguna Province (two for irrigation
and one for hydropower generation), and 35 in Rizal Province (34 for irrigation and one for
industrial water).
3. Ecosystem in Laguna Lake
3.1 Overview
Laguna Lake is the largest lake in the Philippines with an area of approx. 900km2. It is the third
largest in South-East Asia following the largest, Toba Lake in Indonesia, and the second largest
Songkhla Lake in Thailand. Average depth of the lake is shallow, namely, 2.5m, but the
volume/capacity is 3.2 billion m3 and the length of lakeshore line amounts up to 220km. Laguna
Lake is bounded by Laguna Province at west, south and east shore, bounded by Rizal Province at
north-east and north shore, and bounded by Metro Manila at north-west shore. The lake is
divided into four areas: West Bay, Central Bay, East Bay and South Bay (Figures L-1 and L-2).
Around 100 rivers and streams drain into the lake. On the other hand, there is only one outlet,
the Napindan Channel, which drains lakewaters through the Pasig River into the Manila Bay.
(Website of LLDA)
3.2 Biodiversity
Laguna Lake is endowed with rich natural resources and has a variety of organisms that
comprise its biodiversity pool. Of note are the 31 species of fishes belonging to 16 families and
19 genera, the most dominant and important species were ayungin (Therapon plumbeus) and white
goby (Glossogobius giurus), 154 species of phytoplankton, 36 species of zooplankton, and 24

A-93
 species of macrophytes. Other organisms thriving in the lake include different species of mollusks,
crustaceans, and birds that feed on the lake's resources. Commercially important fishes include
white goby (Glossogobius giurus), mudfish (Ophicephalus striatus), ayungin (Therapon
plumbeus), milkfish (Chanos chanos), catfish (Clarias sp.), kanduli (Tilapia mossambica),
tilapias (T. nilotica), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), and plasalit (Trichogaster sp.). (Website of
LLDA)
The freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium sp.) is also harvested commercially. A wide variety of
waterfowl occur: the common species of which include yellow bittern (Ixobrychus sinensis),
cinnamon bittern (Ixobrychus cinnamomeus), grey heron (Ardea cinerea), luzon rail (Rallus
mirificus) (a species endemic to the Philippines), purple swamphen (Porphyrio porphynio), fulica
ama, black-winged stilt (Himantopus himantopus) and little tern (Sterna albitrons). Laguna Lake
comprises a stopover for migratory birds, thanks to its rich ecosystem. (Website of LLDA)
3.3 Degree of Ecosystem Health of Laguna Lake
Water quality and aquatic ecosystem in Laguna Lake is characterized by a Laguna de Bay
ecosystem health report card developed based on the water quality data of 2013. The ecosystem
health report card was developed aiming at facilitating the understanding of ecosystem and water
quality in the lake in collaboration with relevant organizations funded by UNEP and GEF.
Specifically, the ecosystem health of the lake for each zone (namely West Bay, Central Bay,
East Bay and South Bay) is to be evaluated based on DENR environmental standards of water
quality given to Laguna Lake (Class C) focusing on representative Water Quality Indicators: WQI
(DO, BOD, Nitrate, Total Coliform, Phosphate, and Chlorophyll a) and Fisheries Indicators: FI
(Native fish species, Zooplankton, and Catch per unit effort). Result of the evaluation is shown in
࢚ ࣮ࣛ!
Table L-2,ཧ↷ඖࡀぢࡘ࠿ࡾࡲࡏࢇࠋ, revealing that water quality of the lake is evaluated to the
levels of water quality C to D (degree of conformance: 70 to 83%)3, and fisheries indicators of F
(degree of conformance: 0 to less than 70%). It is concluded that ecosystem health is evaluated as
high in terms of water quality but not high in terms of fisheries indicators.
Table L-2 Degree of Ecosystem Health of Laguna Lake (2013)
WQI FI Remarks
Section
Score (%) Evaluation Score (%) Evaluation
West Bay 76 C 55 F Outlet
Central Bay 71 D 65 F
East Bay 81 C 28 F
South Bay 77 C 43 F
Laguna Lake
76 C 48 F
(whole area)
ὀ) Score and evaluation based on consistency with DENR standard (Class: C):
A: 91 – 100 %, B: 83 – 91 %, C: 75 – 83 %, D: 70 – 74 %, F: 0 – 70 %
ฟ඾: Laguna de Bay 2013 Scosystem Health Report Card,
[Link]

3
Of the water quality parameters, DO, BOD, Nitrate and Total Coliform conformed with the environmental standard, but Phosphate
showed a wide range of conformance degree and Chlorophyll failed to conform with the standard at all areas.

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ANNEX-9 : Draft Environmental Monitoring Form

A-95
MONITORING FORM (Draft) for EMoP

１．Responses/Actions to Comments and Guidance from Government Authorities and the Public
Monitoring Item Monitoring Results during Report Period
ex.) Responses/Actions to Comments and Guidance
from Government Authorities on Noise, Air, Odor, etc.

2．Monitoring in Pre-Construction Phase & Construction Phase

The Monitoring plan in construction phase and operation phase are shown below.

2.1 Monitoring Program

[Marikina River]
Locations
Item Parameter Frequency and Duration
(Minimum quantity)
Noise Noise level One time before construction 8 Points (Marikina River)
and Quarterly during
construction
(24 hours/time)
Vibration Displacement At least 4 times during piling 8 Points (Marikina River)
Velocity works
Acceleration
Air Quality SO2, NO2,Dust One time before construction 8 Points (Marikina River)
and Quarterly during
construction
(24hours/time)
River Water DAO No.34 Regular sampling 8 Points (Marikina River)
Quality (All the parameters in :2 times/year
Table1 and Table2) Intensive monitoring upon the
first dredging
River Water Flow River Water Flow 2 times/year during Construction 8 Points (Marikina River)
(m3/s)
River Water BOD,TSS One time before construction 8 Points (Marikina River)
Quality and one time every two months
(BOD,TSS) during construction
Aquatic Biota -Density and Diversity One time before construction 8 Points (Marikina River)
of phytoplankton and and Once during construction
zooplankton
- Density and Diversity
of macro benthic
organisms
-Nekton(fish)
-Aquatic flora
Tree Cutting -Specy One time before construction Along the both banks of
-Size (diameter) and one time after replanting Marikina River
-Location

A-96
[Dredged Material Treatment Yard]
Locations
Item Parameter Frequency and Duration
(Minimum quantity)
Noise Noise level One time before construction 4 Points
and Quarterly during
construction
(24 hours/time)
Air Quality Dust One time before construction 4 Points
Hydrogen Sulfide and Quarterly during
Lead construction
Ammonia (24hours/time)
Effluent DAO No.35 Once/month during Discharge Point(s)
Parameters in Table1 construction
and 2
(Class C)
Excavated/Dredged Amount of One sample for every 5,000m3 All the
Material( Before Excavated/Dredged Excavated/Dredged Material Excavated/Dredged
Dredging) Material Material
Items in DAO No.35
(See the form)
Items in DAO92-29
(See the form)
Disposal/Re-use of Items in DAO No.34 One sample for every 5,000m3 All the
Excavated/Dredged (See the form) Disposal/Re-use of Excavated/Dredged
Material Excavated/Dredged Material Material
(After treatment if Items in DAO92-29
treatment is necessary) (See the form)
Note: Excavated/Dredged Material will be checked by the Contractor.

[Backfill site]
Locations
Item Parameter Frequency and Duration
(Minimum quantity)
Noise Noise level One time before construction 4 Points
and Quarterly during
construction
(24 hours/time)
Air Quality Dust, Lead One time before construction 4 Points
and Quarterly during
construction
(24hours/time)
Groundwater PD856 One time before construction At least 2 points
and semi-annually during
construction

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2.2 Monitoring form
2.2.1 Marikina River
[Link] Noise:
DENR Standards for Noise (Presidential Decree No.984) is applied.
Follow the methodology in PD984.
Unit: (dBA)
Class
Time
AA A B C D

Daytime
50 60 65 70 75
(0700-1700Hr)
Evening
45 50 60 65 70
(1700-2100Hr)
Nighttime
40 45 55 60 60
(2100-0500Hr)
Morning
45 50 60 65 70
(0500-0700Hr)
Class AA – a section of contiguous area which requires quietness, such as areas within 100 meters from school
sites, nursery schools, hospitals and special homes for the aged.
Class A – a section or contiguous area which is primarily used for residential purposes.
Class B – a section or contiguous area which is primarily a commercial area.
Class C – a section primarily zoned or used as light industrial area.
Class D – a section which is primarily reserved, zoned or used as a heavy industrial area

Monitoring
Monitoring Result
Distance from Date
Time
Location Construction Construction of
Regime
Activity site monitoring
Max Average

Daytime
Evening
Nighttime
Morning
Note:
Morning……………………….. 5:00 A.M. to 7:00 A.M
Daytime……………………….. 7:00 A.M to 5:00 P.M.
Evening……………………….. 5:00 P.M. to 9:00 P.M
Nighttime…………………….. 9:00 P.M. to 5:00 A.M

A-98
[Link] Vibration
The maximum allowable peak particle velocity shall be established during D/D as in Phase IV.

Distance Monitoring Result

Date
from
Location Construction of
Construction Displace
Activity Monitoring Velocity Acceleration
site ment
(mm/s) (m/sec2)
(mm)

[Link] Air quality:

Republic Act No.8749 is applied.
Unit: (g/m3)
Short Term
Pollutants
g/m3 ppm Averaging time Remarks
SO2 180 0.07 24hours -
NO2 150 0.08 24hours -
Dust 230 - 24hours -

Point:
Date :

Measured Value Measured Value

Item Unit （Average） （Maximum）

SO2 g/m3
NOx g/m3
TSP g/m3

A-99
[Link]. River water quality:
DAO No.34 is applied

Point:
Date:
Country standard Measured
Item Unit Remarks
(C) Value
Color PCU 3
Temperature ℃ -
pH - 6.5-8.5
DO mg/l 5.0
BOD mg/l 10
TSS mg/l Not more than
30mg/L incerease
TDS mg/l -
MBAS mg/l 0.5
Oil/Grease mg/l 2
Nitrate as N mg/l 10
Phosphate as P mg/l 0.4
Phenol mg/l 0.02
Total MPN/ 5000
Coliforms 100ml
Chloride as Cl MPN/ 350
100ml
Copper mg/l 0.05
As mg/l 0.05
Cd mg/l 0.01
Cr 6+ mg/l 0.05
CN mg/l 0.05
Pb mg/l 0.05
Total-Hg mg/l 0.05
Organophosph mg/l Nil
ate
Turbidity NTU -
Salinity %0 -
EC uS/cm -
Note: The country standard here is a maximum value

[Link]. River Water Flow

Date :
River Water Flow (m3/s )/
Location Unit Date of Monitoring
(Water Level: m)
Rodriguez Bridge m3/s
San Mateo Bridge m3/s
Nangka m3/s
Marikina Bridge m3/s

A-100
[Link]. Aquatic Biota
Point:
Date:
Species Number of Species Abundance/Density Remarks

A-101
2.2.2. Dredged Material Treatment Yard
[Link] Noise:
DENR Standards for Noise (Presidential Decree No.984) is applied.
Follow the methodology in PD No.984.
Unit: (dBA)
Class
Time
AA A B C D

Daytime
50 60 65 70 75
(0700-1700Hr)
Evening
45 50 60 65 70
(1700-2100Hr)
Nighttime
40 45 55 60 60
(2100-0500Hr)
Morning
45 50 60 65 70
(0500-0700Hr)
Class AA – a section of contiguous area which requires quietness, such as areas within 100 meters from school
sites, nursery schools, hospitals and special homes for the aged.
Class A – a section or contiguous area which is primarily used for residential purposes.
Class B – a section or contiguous area which is primarily a commercial area.
Class C – a section primarily zoned or used as light industrial area.
Class D – a section which is primarily reserved, zoned or used as a heavy industrial area

Monitoring
Monitoring Result
Distance from Date
Time
Location Construction Construction of
Regime
Activity site monitoring
Max Average

Daytime
Evening
Nighttime
Morning
Note:
Morning……………………….. 5:00 A.M. to 7:00 A.M
Daytime……………………….. 7:00 A.M to 5:00 P.M.
Evening……………………….. 5:00 P.M. to 9:00 P.M
Nighttime…………………….. 9:00 P.M. to 5:00 A.M

A-102
[Link] Air quality
Republic Act No.8749 is applied.
Unit: (g/m3)
Short Term
Pollutants
g/m3 ppm Averaging time Remarks
Dust 230 - 24hours -
H2S - 0.07 30minutes -
Pb 20 - 30minutes -
Ammonia 200 0.28 30minutes -

Point:
Date :

Measured Value Measured Value

Item Unit （Average） （Maximum）

Dust g/m3
H2S g/m3
Pb g/m3
Ammonia g/m3

[Link] Effluent
DAO No.35 is applied
Point:
Date:
Country
Measured
Item Unit standard Remarks
Value
(Class C)
Cd mg/l 0.05
Cr 6+ mg/l 0.1
Pb mg/l 0.3
Hg mg/l 0.005
PCB mg/l 0.003
CN mg/l 0.2
As mg/l 0.2
Formaldehyde mg/l 1.0
Color PCU 150
pH - 6.5-9.0
COD mg/l 100
BOD mg/l 50
TSS mg/l 70
Oil/Grease mg/l 5.0
Phenolic mg/l 0.1
Substances as
Phenol
Total Coliforms MPN/100ml 10,000

A-103
[Link]. Excavated/Dredged Material
(1) Heavy Metal Concentration
DAO No.35 is applied

Point:
Date:
Country standard Measured
Item Unit Remarks
(Class C) Value
Cd mg/l 0.05 Elutriate Test
Cr 6+ mg/l 0.1
Pb mg/l 0.3
Hg mg/l 0.005
PCB mg/l 0.003
CN mg/l 0.2
As mg/l 0.2
TSS mg/l 70

(2) Disposal and re-use of excavated soil amount

Date:

A-104
 CHAPTER 1 A
REA OF
Excavated/Dredged Name of
DREDGING Disposed/re-used
Amount Disposed
WORK Amount Approx. Remarks
Site/re-used
2.1 Approx.(‘000 m ) 3 (‘000 m3)
area
CHAPTER 2 (
[Link].)

Note: Hazardous material shall be separately filled in.

(3) Heavy Metal Concentration (TCLP test)

DAO 92-29 is applied

Point:
Date:
Country standard Measured
Item Unit Remarks
(Hazardous) Value
Cd mg/l 5 TCLP test
Cr 6+ mg/l 5
Pb mg/l 5
Hg mg/l 0.2
Se mg/l 1.0
Ba mg/l 100
As mg/l 5

[Link]. Disposal/Re-use of Excavated/Dredged Material

(After treatment if treatment is necessary)
(1) Heavy Metal Concentration (Elutriate test)
DAO No.34 is applied
Point:
Date:
Country standard Measured
Item Unit Remarks
(Class C) Value
Cd mg/l 0.01 Elutriate Test
Cr 6+ mg/l 0.05 with fresh water
Pb mg/l 0.05
Hg mg/l 0.002
CN mg/l 0.05
As mg/l 0.05
Organophosp mg/l nil
hate

A-105
(2) Heavy Metal Concentration (TCLP test)
DAO 92-29 is applied

Point:
Date:
Country standard Measured
Item Unit Remarks
(Hazardous) Value
Cd mg/l 5 TCLP test
Cr 6+ mg/l 5
Pb mg/l 5
Hg mg/l 0.2
Se mg/l 1.0
Ba mg/l 100
As mg/l 5

A-106
2.2.3 Reclamation site
[Link] Noise:
DENR Standards for Noise(Presidential Decree No.984) is applied.
Follow the methodology in PD No.984.
Unit: (dBA)
Class
Time
AA A B C D

Daytime
50 60 65 70 75
(0700-1700Hr)
Evening
45 50 60 65 70
(1700-2100Hr)
Nighttime
40 45 55 60 60
(2100-0500Hr)
Morning
45 50 60 65 70
(0500-0700Hr)
Class AA – a section of contiguous area which requires quietness, such as areas within 100 meters from school
sites, nursery schools, hospitals and special homes for the aged.
Class A – a section or contiguous area which is primarily used for residential purposes.
Class B – a section or contiguous area which is primarily a commercial area.
Class C – a section primarily zoned or used as light industrial area.
Class D – a section which is primarily reserved, zoned or used as a heavy industrial area

Monitoring
Monitoring Result
Distance from Date
Time
Location Construction Construction Of
Regime
Activity site monitoring
Max Average

Daytime
Evening
Nighttime
Morning
Note:
Morning……………………….. 5:00 A.M. to 7:00 A.M
Daytime……………………….. 7:00 A.M to 5:00 P.M.
Evening……………………….. 5:00 P.M. to 9:00 P.M
Nighttime……………………. . 9:00 P.M. to 5:00 A.M

A-107
[Link] Air quality
Republic Act No.8749 is applied.
Unit: (g/m3)
Short Term
Pollutants
g/m3 ppm Averaging time Remarks
Dust 230 - 24hours -
Pb 20 - 30minutes -

Point:
Date :

Measured Value Measured Value

Item Unit （Average） （Maximum）

Dust g/m3
Pb g/m3

[Link] Groundwater
Point:
Date :
Country Measured
Item Unit Remarks
standard Value
E. Coli or No./100ml 0
Thermotolerant
(fecal) coliform
bacteria
Biological count/ml 10
Organisms
Sb mg/l 0.005
Ar mg/l 0.01
Ba mg/l 0.7
B mg/l 0.3
Cd mg/l 0.003
Cr mg/l 0.05
CN mg/L 0.07
F mg/L 1
Pb mg/L 0.01
Total-Hg mg/L 0.001
Nitrate as in NO3- mg/L 50
Nitrate as in NO2- mg/L 3
Se mg/L 0.01
Aldrin & Dieldrin ug/L 0.03
Chlordane ug/L 0.2
DDT ug/L 2
Endrin ug/L 0.2
Heptachlor and ug/L 0.03
Heptachlor epoxide
Lindane ug/L 2
Methoxychlor ug/L 20
Petroleum oils & ug/L nil
grease
Toxyphane ug/L 5
2,4 - D ug/L 30

A-108
2,4,5 - T ug/L 9
Taste - Unobjectiona
ble
Odor - Unobjectiona
ble
Color TCU 5
Turbidity NTU 5
Al mg/L 0.2
Cl mg/L 250
Cu mg/L 1
Hardness mg/L 300
H2S mg/L 0.05
Fe mg/L 1
Mg mg/L 0.5
pH mg/L 6.5-8.5
Na mg/L 200
S mg/L 250
TSS mg/L 500
Zn mg/L 5

A-109
3．Monitoring in Operation Phase
The Monitoring plan in operation phase is shown below.

3.1 Monitoring program

[Marikina River]
Locations
Item Parameter Frequency and Duration
(Minimum quantity)
Aquatic Biota -Density and Diversity Once 8 Points(Marikina River)
of phytoplankton and
zooplankton
- Density and
Diversity of macro
benthic organisms
-Nekton(fish)
-Aquatic flora

[Reclamation Area]
Locations
Item Parameter Frequency and Duration
(Minimum quantity)
Groundwater PD856 Twice/year for 2 years At least 2 points

3.2 Monitoring Form

3.2.1. Marikina River

[Link] Aquatic Biota
Point:
Date:
Species Number of Species Abundance/Density Remarks

3.2.2 Reclamation site

[Link]. Ground water quality

Point:
Date:
Country Measured
Item Unit Remarks
standard Value
E. Coli or No./100ml 0
Thermotolerant
(fecal) coliform
bacteria
Biological count/ml 10
Organisms
Sb mg/l 0.005
Ar mg/l 0.01
Ba mg/l 0.7
B mg/l 0.3
Cd mg/l 0.003
Cr mg/l 0.05
CN mg/L 0.07

A-110
F mg/L 1
Pb mg/L 0.01
Total-Hg mg/L 0.001
Nitrate as in mg/L 50
NO3-
Nitrate as in mg/L 3
NO2-
Se mg/L 0.01
Aldrin & Dieldrin ug/L 0.03
Chlordane ug/L 0.2
DDT ug/L 2
Endrin ug/L 0.2
Heptachlor and ug/L 0.03
Heptachlor
epoxide
Lindane ug/L 2
Methoxychlor ug/L 20
Petroleum oils & ug/L nil
grease
Toxyphane ug/L 5
2,4 - D ug/L 30
2,4,5 - T ug/L 9
Taste - Unobjectionab
le
Odor - Unobjectionab
le
Color TCU 5
Turbidity NTU 5
Al mg/L 0.2
Cl mg/L 250
Cu mg/L 1
Hardness mg/L 300
H2S mg/L 0.05
Fe mg/L 1
Mg mg/L 0.5
pH mg/L 6.5-8.5
Na mg/L 200
S mg/L 250
TSS mg/L 500
Zn mg/L 5

A-111