COMPARISON of DIFFERENTIATION and INTEGRATION

Antidifferentiation or Integral of a function is the antiderivative of a function.

DIFFERENTIAL DIFFERENTIAL DIFFERENTIAL
d 3
x 2

 5 x  3 x  10 x
2
Second derivative d 2x
  
2  2 22 x ln 2 
dx d2 3
dx 2

x  5x 2 
d
dx
3x 2  10 x   dx
dy
 3 x 2  10 x 2 INTEGRATION by substitution
dx d y
 6 x  10 is the method used when the
INTEGRATION dx 2 differentiation is done by chain rule.
 dy  22 
dy
 dx   3x  10 x
2
2x
INTEGRATION ln 2 dx
 dy  3x  10 x dx Second derivative means double integration y  22 x  C
2

Use the basic integration rule: d

2
y    6 x  10dx 2

x n 1  6 x11  2
 x dx 
n

n 1
 C , therefore
 d 2
y    2  10 x dx   3x  10 x dx
2
2

the final answer is,
3x 21 10 x11  3x 2 1 10 x11 
y
2 1

2
C    2  1  1  1 dx
dy 

y  x3  5x 2  C y  x 3  5 x 2 C
Note: We use “C” to represent the
constant
DIFFERENTIAL DIFFERENTIAL INTEGRATION by substitution
d
 
 2 x 3  2  6 x 2
Second derivative is the method used when the

   
dx d3 4 d2 differentiation is done by chain rule.
t  2 t 5
 4t 3  10t 4
dy dt 3
dt 2 1. 2 x( x 2  5)dx
 6 x 2
dx d
dt

12t 2  40t 3  24t  120t 2  If we let u=x2+5,notice that the
derivative of u= x2+5 is du=2x
INTEGRATION Therefore we can arrange the
d3y
dy  24t  120t 2 integration notation
 dx    6 x
2 3
dt
INTEGRATION  4 x( x
2
 5)dx  2 ( x 2  5)2 xdx

 dy   6 x dx
2
Second derivative means double integration  u11 
d3y y  2   u 2
   dt 3     24t  120t
2
 x 21   2 
y  6   C
 3  d
3
y     24t  120t 2 dt 3 y  ( x  5) 2  C
2

y  2 x 3  C y
24t1111

120t 2 111
C
(1  1)( 2  1)(3  1) (2  1)(3  1)( 4  1)
24t 4 120t 5
y  C
2(3)( 4) 3(4)(5)
y  t 4  2t 5  C
PROJECTILE MOTION

It is also considered as the quadratic function or quadratics. It is a parabolic function which also mean
projectile in Physics. Differential calculus is essential in the study of projectile motion.

Consider a function,

s(t )  16t 2  20t  10

s(t) is the position Function. It provides the location of the ball at t=o.
The ball is 10 ft. above the ground when it is at rest (t=0), because s(0)=10.
When t=1, the ball is 14 ft. above the ground since s(1)=14, and so on.

Differentiating s(t) gives us the velocity function. It provides us the velocity of the falling object at a
given time. Remember that the second term 20t contains the initial velocity 20ft/s.
s(t )  16t 2  20t  10
s' (t )  32t  20

Substituting v(t) to the derivative of the position function gives us

v(t )  32t  20

Time needed to reach the Maximum Height: The velocity of the ball is zero when it reaches the
maximum height. Let v(t)=0
0  32t  20
32t  20
t  20 / 32
5
t s
8
5
Maximum Height: Let t  s in the function s(t )  16t 2  20t  10
8
2
5 5 5 65
s   16   20   10   16.25 ft.
8 8 8 4

Time Needed to Strike the Ground: Let s(t) = 0, height is zero, since the ball reaches the ground already.
Use quadratic formula or by completing the square. Note that only positive value of t is to be
considered.
s (t )  16t 2  20t  10
0  16t 2  20t  10
 10  16t 2  20t
 5  8t 2  10t
 10  10 2  4(8)(5)  5  10 2  4(8)(5)  5  260
t    1.63s
2(8) 2(8)  16