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Fluid Flow Analysis and Equations

This document contains 4 tutorials on solving differential equations related to fluid flow problems. It provides the equations to solve for velocity profiles of fluids in different scenarios: 1) between two plates, 2) along an infinite vertical plate, 3) between two concentric cylinders, and 4) down an inclined plane. For each problem, it gives the equations to find the velocity expression, stagnation point or volume flow rate, and sketches whether the velocity profile depends on fluid properties.

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Tim
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29 views2 pages

Fluid Flow Analysis and Equations

This document contains 4 tutorials on solving differential equations related to fluid flow problems. It provides the equations to solve for velocity profiles of fluids in different scenarios: 1) between two plates, 2) along an infinite vertical plate, 3) between two concentric cylinders, and 4) down an inclined plane. For each problem, it gives the equations to find the velocity expression, stagnation point or volume flow rate, and sketches whether the velocity profile depends on fluid properties.

Uploaded by

Tim
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Tutorial 2 (Oct.

1st)

1) Apply the product rule to expand the differential equation on the left to the
match the form on the right:

1 𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑦𝑦 2
𝜕𝜕 2 𝑦𝑦 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
� �𝑥𝑥 � ��� − 2 = 0 → 𝑥𝑥 � 2 � + 𝑥𝑥 � � − 𝑦𝑦 = 0
𝑥𝑥 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑥𝑥 𝜕𝜕𝑥𝑥 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕

2) A fluid of thickness D=0.1m, density ρ=1000 kg/m3 and viscosity


𝑉𝑉𝑜𝑜
μ= 8.94*10-4 kg/s∙m is flowing down an infinite vertical plate under
the action of gravity. The left surface of the fluid is touching the
plate, and the right side is a free surface. The plate is moving
upward with a velocity, 𝑉𝑉0 =0.1 m/s. The flow is unidirectional,
steady state, incompressible and is not driven by a pressure
gradient. Find the (i) expression for velocity of the fluid, (ii) calculate the
position of the stagnation point in the flow and (iii) sketch the velocity profile
– does the velocity profile change if we use a different fluid?
𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌 𝑥𝑥 2
ANS: 𝑣𝑣(𝑥𝑥) =
𝜇𝜇
� 2 − 𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷� + 𝑉𝑉; 𝑥𝑥𝑠𝑠 = 9.113 ∗ 10−8 𝑚𝑚
3) Between two infinitely long, vertical, concentric cylinders
exists a fluid with density ρ and viscosity μ. The outer
cylinder, at radius ro, rotates with speed ω inducing a flow
in the tangential (𝜃𝜃) direction only, while the inner annulus,
at radius ri, remains stationary (see figure). There is no
velocity in the z-direction. The flow is steady state,
incompressible, is not driven by a pressure gradient, and gravity acts in the
z-direction. Find (i) the expression for the velocity of the flow as well as (ii)
the volume flow rate per unit length of the cylinder and (iii) sketch the
velocity profile – does the velocity profile change if we use a different fluid?
(Hint: The solution to a second order, non-linear differential equation of the
∂2 y ∂y C
form, x 2 +x −y=0 is=
y C1x + 2 .)
∂x 2
∂x x

𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑜2 𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖2 𝜔𝜔 1 𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑜2 𝜔𝜔 𝑄𝑄̇ 𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑜2 𝜔𝜔 𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖2 −𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑜2 𝑟𝑟


ANS: 𝑢𝑢𝜃𝜃 = 2� �− 2 𝑟𝑟 ; = 2� + 𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖2 ln � 𝑜𝑜 ��
𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖2 −𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑜 𝑟𝑟 𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖2 −𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑜 𝑧𝑧 𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖2 −𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑜 2 𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖

4) A fluid of density ρ and viscosity μ flows down a plate of


infinite horizontal extent. The gravity acts downwards and
the plate is inclined at an angle θ from the horizontal (see
figure). The top surface of the fluid is a free surface. The flow
is unidirectional, steady state, incompressible and is not driven by a pressure g
gradient. Find (i) the expression of the velocity, (ii) the volume flow rate per
unit depth of the fluid, and (iii) sketch the velocity profile

HINT: Be observant of the coordinate system.

𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌(𝜃𝜃) 𝑄𝑄̇ 𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌𝜌(𝜃𝜃)


ANS: 𝑢𝑢 = [2ℎ𝑦𝑦 − 𝑦𝑦 2 ] ; = ℎ3
2𝜇𝜇 𝑧𝑧 3𝜇𝜇

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