Research 1

Qualitative Research

Prepared by:
Pia Katrina C. Angeles
Subject Teacher
Introduction
Background information
about the topic.
Importance of the study
Significance of the study
Note:
Use citation; cite reference
using APA format
2009 oldest reference
Minimum of 3 reference
maximum of 5
APA Citation Style
It is commonly used within the social
sciences discipline. The last name of
the author and the date of
publication of the work must appear
in the text and the complete
bibliographic information should
appear on the “Reference List” page.
APA Citation Style
Note: Make sure to paraphrase
Example (Original Text):
The issue of the position paper is similar to
the topic sentence.(Dela Cruz , 2017?
Possible Paraphrase :
Dela Cruz (2017) stated that topic sentence
has the same concern or subject with the position
paper.
Topic sentence has the same concern or
subject with the position paper (Dela Cruz, 2017).
APA Citation Style:
Work by a single author
The last name of the author and the year
of publication are placed in the text. When
the name of the author is part of the
narrative, only the date is placed in the
parentheses. When both information are in
the parentheses, the year is separated
from the surname with a comma.
APA Citation Style:
Work by a single author
Examples:
Santos (2014) asserted that
education alleviates poverty.
…education alleviates poverty
(Santos, 2014).
APA Citation Style:
Note: If no date is available,
write (n.d.) in place of the date.
Examples:
Dela Cruz (2018) or (Dela Cruz, 2018)
Dela Rosa (n.d.) or (Dela Rosa, n.d.)
APA Citation Style:
Work by a two authors
Name both authors in the signal
phrase or in the parentheses each
time you site the work. Use the word
“and” between the authors’ names
within the text and used ampersand in
the parentheses.
APA Citation Style:
Work by a two author
Examples:
Santos and Reyes (2014) explained
that…
…as has been shown (Santos & Reyes,
2014)
APA Citation Style:
Work by three to five authors
List all the authors in the signal phrase
or in parentheses the first time you
cite the source. Use the word “and”
between the authors’ names within
the text and use the ampersand in the
parentheses.
APA Citation Style:
Work by three to five authors
Examples:
David, Garcia, and Isabelo (2014)
(David, Garcia, & Isabelo, 2014)
APA Citation Style:
Work by three to five authors
In subsequent citations, only use the
first author’s last name followed by “et
al.” in the signal phrase or in
parentheses.
Example:
(David et al., 2014)
APA Citation Style:
Work by six or more authors
Use the first authors’ name followed
by “et al.” in the signal phrase or in
parentheses.
Examples:
David et al. (2014) argued…
(David et al., 2014)
APA Citation Style:
Unknown author
Use the source’s full title in the signal
phrase followed by the year of
publication in parenthesis. Titles of
books and reports are italicized or
underlined; titles of articles, chapters
and Web pages are in quotation marks.
APA Citation Style:
Unknown author
Examples:
According to “Indiana Joins Federal
Accountability System” (2008)
- Cite the first word of the title followed by
the year of publication in parenthesis.
Example:
(“Indiana,” 2008)
APA Citation Style:
Unknown author
Note:
In the rare case the “Anonymous” is used
for the author, treat it as the author’s
name.
Example:
(Anonymous, 2001)
- In the reference list, use the name
“Anonymous as the author.
APA Citation Style:
Organization as an author
If the author is an organization or a
government agency, mention the
organization in the signal phrase or in
the parenthetical citation the first time
you cite the source.
APA Citation Style:
Organization as an author
Examples:
According to the National Institute of
Chemistry (2013)…
(National Institute of Chemistry, 2013)
(NIC, 2013)
Reference/Bibliography
comprehensive list of sources, which
can be found at the end of articles
Example:
Stevens, P. (2003). The Voyage of the
Catalpa: A Perilous Journey and Six
Irish Rebels’ Escape to Freedom.
London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
Reference/Bibliography
Books
Author’s Last Name, First Name’s Initial.
(Publication Year). Work Title. Publication City:
Publisher.
Note: Italicize. Capitalize the first letter of first
word and all major words in titles.
Example:
Pollan, M. (2006). The Omnivore's Dilemma.
New York: Penguin Group.
Reference/Bibliography
Books; 2-3 Authors
Authors: Jack Bell, Matt Hall, Kate Will
Example:
Bell, J., Hall, M., Will, K. (2014). Telephone
English: Includes Phrase Bank and Role
Plays. Oxford: Macmillan Publishers.
Reference/Bibliography
Books; More than 3 Authors
Authors: Jack Bell, Kate Will, Matt Hall, Haley
Smith
Example:
Bell, J., et al. (2014). Telephone English: Includes
Phrase Bank and Role Plays. Oxford:
Macmillan Publishers.
Reference/Bibliography
 Online Sources
Author’s Last Name, First Name’s Initial. (Year, Month
[use n.d. if not given]). Title. Retrieved from [Link]
address
Note:
Article title - Capitalize the first letter of first word and
proper noun
Site Title: Italicize. Capitalize the first letter of all major
words.
Example:
Shiva, V. (2006, February). A Third World Issue. Retrieved from
[Link] l/[Link]