St.
Paul University Philippines
Problem # 1
Ilich-Ernst et al. investigated the dietary intake of calcium among a cross section of 113
healthy women ages 20-88. The researchers formed four age groupings as follows: Group A, 20.0-
45.9 years; group B, 46.0-55.9 years; group C, 56.0-65.9 years; and group D, over 66 years.
Calcium from food intake was measured in mg/day. Is there a significant difference in the dietary
intake of calcium among the four age groups?
Oneway
Descriptives
IntakeOfCalcium
95% Confidence Interval for Mean
N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum
Group A 22 1448.36 629.126 134.130 1169.42 1727.30 222 2670
Group B 14 992.64 627.263 167.643 630.47 1354.81 136 2408
Group C 29 873.83 304.743 56.589 757.91 989.75 239 1692
Group D 48 851.73 385.907 55.701 739.67 963.78 42 1781
Total 113 991.02 508.479 47.834 896.24 1085.79 42 2670
ANOVA
IntakeOfCalcium
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 5931208.042 3 1977069.347 9.359 .000
Within Groups 2.303E7 109 211252.293
Total 2.896E7 112
SPUP Graduate School
Jasmin O. Lacson, RN, CNN
SPUP MSN 2019
St. Paul University Philippines
Post Hoc Tests
Multiple Comparisons
IntakeOfCalcium
Scheffe
(I) A:20.0- (J) A:20.0- 95% Confidence Interval
45.9, B:46.0- 45.9, B:46.0-
55.9, 55.9,
C:56.0-65.9, C:56.0-65.9,
D:over 66 D:over 66 Mean Difference (I-
yrs. yrs. J) Std. Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound
Group A Group B 455.721* 157.136 .043 9.51 901.94
Group C 574.536* 129.950 .000 205.52 943.55
Group D 596.634* 118.336 .000 260.60 932.67
Group B Group A -455.721* 157.136 .043 -901.94 -9.51
Group C 118.815 149.579 .889 -305.94 543.57
Group D 140.914 139.609 .797 -255.53 537.36
Group C Group A -574.536* 129.950 .000 -943.55 -205.52
Group B -118.815 149.579 .889 -543.57 305.94
Group D 22.098 108.100 .998 -284.87 329.07
Group D Group A -596.634* 118.336 .000 -932.67 -260.60
Group B -140.914 139.609 .797 -537.36 255.53
Group C -22.098 108.100 .998 -329.07 284.87
*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
SPUP Graduate School
Jasmin O. Lacson, RN, CNN
SPUP MSN 2019
St. Paul University Philippines
Homogeneous Subsets
IntakeOfCalcium
Scheffea,,b
A:20.0- Subset for alpha = 0.05
45.9,
B:46.0-
55.9,
C:56.0-
65.9,
D:over 66
yrs. N 1 2
Group D 48 851.73
Group C 29 873.83
Group B 14 992.64
Group A 22 1448.36
Sig. .779 1.000
Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are
displayed.
a. Uses Harmonic Mean Sample Size = 23.229.
b. The group sizes are unequal. The harmonic mean
of the group sizes is used. Type I error levels are not
guaranteed.
INTERPRETATION:
There was a significant difference among the dietary intake of Calcium among the
4 age groups. F(3,109)=9.359,p<.000. The mean values from the 4 groups revealed
significant differences between age groups with Group A(M=1448.36, SD=629.126)
having the highest intake of Calcium than Group B (M=992.64, SD=627.263), Group C
(M=873.83, SD=304.743) and Group D (M=851.73, SD=385.907). These findings
indicate that age group of 20.0-45.9 years old has the highest intake of Calcium/mg/day.
SPUP Graduate School
Jasmin O. Lacson, RN, CNN
SPUP MSN 2019