Chapter 14 Question - Biochemistry

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1. 1) What cellular location contains pyruvate B 6. 6) What amino acid is covalently linked to lipoic acid in A
dehydrogenase and most of the citric acid cycle E2?
enzymes?
A) Lys
A) cytosol B) Ser
B) mitochondrial matrix C) His
C) inner mitochondrial membrane D) Gln
D) mitochondrial inter-membrane space E) Thr
E) outer mitochondrial membrane
7. 7) What type of bond forms when the hydroxyethyl C
2. 2) Which of the following is correct concerning the A group is transferred to lipoamide?
reaction catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase?
A) ester
A) it is an oxidative decarboxylation B) amide
B) it is activated by high concentrations of ATP C) thioester
C) the enzyme contains a pyridoxal phosphate D) anhydride
prosthetic group E) none of the above
D) the reaction is an anaplerotic reaction since it can
8. 8) Which of the following is an inhibitor of pyruvate D
replace citric acid intermediates that are removed for
dehydrogenase?
other pathways
E) the enzyme contains two different types of subunits
A) CoA
3. 3) Which of the following indicates the correct order of D B) pyruvate
product release by pyruvate dehydrogenase? C) FADH2
D) NADH
A) acetyl-CoA, CO2, NADH E) CO2
B) NADH, CO2, acetyl-CoA
9. 9) In the citric acid cycle, what reduced cofactors are B
C) CO2, NADH, acetyl-CoA
derived from the oxidation of one molecule of acetyl
D) CO2, acetyl-CoA, NADH
CoA to two molecules of CO2?
E) NADH, acetyl-CoA, CO2
4. 4) Which of the following pyruvate dehydrogenase C A) 2 NADH and 1 QH2
enzymes is correctly paired with the coenzyme that is B) 3 NADH and 1 QH2
associated with it? C) 2 NADH and 2 QH2
D) 3 NADH and 2 QH2
A) E1: coenzyme A E) 4 NADH and 2 QH2
B) E2: thiamine pyrophosphate
10. 10) What makes the reaction catalyzed by citrate E
C) E3: FAD
synthase highly exergonic?
D) E2: NAD+
E) E3: lipoamide
A) hydrolysis of ATP
5. 5) Which of the following coenzymes is directly E B) hydrolysis of GTP
responsible for the oxidation of the hydroxyethyl group C) decarboxylation reaction
to the acetyl group? D) conversion from keto to enol tautomer
E) hydrolysis of thioester
A) coenzyme A
11. 11) Which of the following explains the proper binding C
B) thiamine pyrophosphate
of the two substrates for citrate synthase?
C) FAD
D) NAD+
A) the binding is random
E) lipoamide
B) acetyl-CoA binds, then oxaloacetate
C) oxaloacetate binds, then acetyl-CoA
D) oxaloacetate binds to one subunit, acetyl-CoA binds
to the other
E) in one subunit, acetyl-CoA binds, then oxaloacetate;
on the other subunit, this is reversed
12. 12) Which of the following is observed in the B 17. 17) Given the following structure of isocitrate, the E
mechanism of citrate synthase? carbon labeled _____ is lost as CO2 by isocitrate
dehydrogenase while the carbon labeled _____ is lost as
A) a histidine residue acts as a base, deprotonating CO2 by a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.
oxaloacetate
B) an aspartic acid residue acts as a base, [1]COO--CH2---CH([2]COO)---CH(OH)--COO[3]
deprotonating oxaloacetate
C) a histidine residue hydrogen bonds with the carbonyl A) 1; 2
oxygen of oxaloacetate to enable a nucleophilic attack B) 2; 1
D) removal of the CoA is accomplished by transfer to a C) 1; 3
serine residue, then hydrolysis D) 3; 1
E) all of the above E) 2; 3
13. 13) Which of the following condenses with oxaloacetate A 18. 18) During the oxidation of isocitrate, the intermediate A
to form citrate? that is decarboxylated to form α-ketoglutarate is _____.

A) acetyl-CoA A) oxalosuccinate
B) cis-aconitate B) succinyl-phosphate
C) carboxybiotin C) cis-aconitate
D) oxalosuccinate D) carboxybiotin
E) succinyl-phosphate E) hydroxyethyl-TPP
14. 14) Which of the following is an intermediate between c 19. 19) Which enzyme catalyzes a reaction most similar to B
citrate and isocitrate in the citric acid cycle? that catalyzed by a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase?

A) oxalosuccinate A) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

B) succinyl-phosphate B) pyruvate dehydrogenase
C) cis-aconitate C) isocitrate dehydrogenase
D) carboxybiotin D) succinate dehydrogenase
E) hydroxyethyl-TPP E) malate dehydrogenase
15. 15) Aconitase catalyzes the _____ of citrate to aconitate D 20. 20) Which of the following enzymes catalyzes a D
followed by the _____ of aconitate to isocitrate. substrate-level phosphorylation?

A) oxidation; reduction A) malate synthase

B) reduction; oxidation B) succinate dehydrogenase
C) hydration; dehydration C) -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
D) dehydration; hydration D) succinyl-CoA synthetase
E) isomerization; isomerization E) fumarase
16. 16) Which of the following describes the isomerization E 21. 21) Which of the following amino acids participates in E
of citrate to isocitrate? the transfer of a phosphate group in the reaction
catalyzed by succinyl-CoA synthetase?
A) a major regulatory step for the citric acid cycle
B) an oxidation reaction A) lysine
C) the only unnecessary step of the citric acid cycle B) serine
D) protects cells from the toxic effects of arsenite ion C) glutamine
E) converts a tertiary alcohol, which cannot easily be D) aspartic acid
oxidized, to a secondary alcohol that can be oxidized E) histidine
22. 22) Which of the following is an enzyme-associated B
intermediate that is similar in energy to 1,3-
bisphosphoglycerate?

A) phosphohistidine
B) succinyl phosphate
C) oxalosuccinate
D) carboxybiotin
E) hydroxyethyl-TPP
23. 23) Which of the following enzymes contains an FAD C 29. 29) If acetyl-CoA labeled on the methyl carbon were E
prosthetic group? used as the substrate for the citric acid cycle, where
would the labeled carbon appear in oxaloacetate
A) pyruvate dehydrogenase produced from one round of the cycle?
B) isocitrate dehydrogenase
C) succinate dehydrogenase A) C1
D) -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase B) C4
E) malate dehydrogenase C) C1 or C2
D) C1 or C4
24. 24) Where is succinate dehydrogenase located? B
E) C2 or C3
A) mitochondrial matrix 30. 30) If all reduced electron carriers are reoxidized to B
B) mitochondrial inner membrane run oxidative phosphorylation, how many ATP can be
C) mitochondrial inter-membrane space generated from the oxidation of one acetyl-CoA?
D) mitochondrial outer membrane
E) none of the above A) 6
B) 10
25. 25) The oxidation of succinate to fumarate is best A
C) 15
characterized as an oxidation of _____.
D) 20
E) 32
A) an alkane to an alkene
B) an alcohol to an aldehyde 31. 31) Which of the following is an equilibrium-controlled A
C) an alcohol to a ketone step within the mitochondria?
D) an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid
E) a -keto acid to CO2 and a carboxylic acid that is one A) malate dehydrogenase
carbon smaller B) isocitrate dehydrogenase
C) citrate synthase
26. 26) The reaction catalyzed by fumarase is _____. D
D) pyruvate dehydrogenase
E) -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
A) an isomerization of an alcohol
B) a dehydration of an alcohol 32. 32) Which of the following is activated by ADP? C
C) a hydroxylation of an alkene
D) a hydration of an alkene A) malate dehydrogenase
E) none of the above B) aconitase
C) isocitrate dehydrogenase
27. 27) How does the reaction catalyzed by malate C
D) citrate synthase
dehydrogenase proceed despite a G' of 29.7 kJ/mol?
E) succinyl-CoA synthetase
A) an elevated [H+] allows the reaction to proceed 33. 33) Which of the following can be converted into D
B) high levels of NAD+ allow the reaction to proceed glutamic acid in a single enzyme-catalyzed step?
C) concentrations of oxaloacetate are kept very low
by rapid use in the subsequent step A) isocitrate
D) the enzyme is unique in its ability only to catalyze B) oxaloacetate
the reaction in one direction C) malate
E) the enzyme catalyzed reaction under cellular D) a-ketoglutarate
conditions has a much smaller energy of activation E) succinyl-CoA
28. 28) How many electrons are transferred from one D 34. 34) Which of the following can be converted into E
acetyl group when it is converted to two carbon glucose using parts of the citric acid cycle?
dioxide molecules in the citric acid cycle?
A) malate
A) 2 B) isocitrate
B) 4 C) glutamic acid
C) 6 D) succinate
D) 8 E) all of the above
E) 10
35. 35) What citric acid cycle intermediate is effectively A 41. 41) Which of the following can cause a large increase E
used as a mechanism for the transport of acetyl-CoA in the activity of the citric acid cycle?
from the mitochondria to the cytosol?
A) activation of isocitrate dehydrogenase by ADP
A) citrate B) activation of -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase by Ca2+
B) isocitrate C) increasing concentrations of oxaloacetate by
C) fumarate pyruvate carboxylase
D) malate D) increasing concentrations of -ketoglutarate by
E) oxaloacetate transamination
E) all of the above
36. 36) When acetyl-CoA and NADPH are needed for lipid B
synthesis, which of the following reactions is used to 42. 42) The mechanism of malate synthase that catalyzes C
produce NADPH in the cytosol? the conversion of glyoxylate and acetyl-CoA to
malate would be most similar to which citric acid cycle
A) reduction of oxaloacetate to malate enzyme?
B) oxidation of malate to pyruvate
C) reduction of fumarate to succinate A) fumarase
D) oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate B) aconitase
E) oxidation of isocitrate to -ketoglutarate C) citrate synthase
D) isocitrate dehydrogenase
37. 37) Which of the following is an anaplerotic reaction D
E) succinyl-CoA synthetase
that is often used in the cell?
43. 43) Why can germinating plant seeds convert acetyl- B
A) conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA CoA from fatty acids into carbohydrates, while animals
B) conversion of -ketoglutarate to glutamic acid are incapable of converting fatty acids into glucose?
C) conversion of citrate to oxaloacetate and acetyl-
CoA A) animals have glycogen and don't need to make
D) conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate glucose from fatty acids
E) conversion of succinyl-CoA to heme B) plants, not animals, use the glyoxylate cycle to
convert acetyl CoA to oxaloacetate
38. 38) Which of the following terms indicates that the E
C) plant seeds use photosynthesis to make sugar
citric acid cycle is both catabolic and anabolic in
D) animals use the citric acid cycle exclusively for
nature?
energy production, plants only use glycolysis for
energy
A) cataplerotic
E) none of the above
B) amphipathic
C) anaplerotic 44. 44) What citric acid cycle enzyme is not used in the A
D) diabolic glyoxylate cycle?
E) amphibolic
A) isocitrate dehydrogenase
39. 39) Which of the following is activated by high levels C
B) fumarase
of acetyl-CoA?
C) malate dehydrogenase
D) aconitase
A) malate dehydrogenase
E) succinate dehyrogenase
B) succinyl-CoA synthetase
C) pyruvate carboxylase
D) pyruvate dehydrogenase
E) -ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
40. 40) Which of the following enzymes allows for a net A
increase of citric acid cycle metabolites without
expending any energy in the form of ATP or its
equivalents?

A) alanine aminotransferase
B) pyruvate dehydrogenase
C) pyruvate carboxylase
D) citrate lyase
E) none of the above