2017 International Conference on Intelligent Computing,Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT)
IOT Based Greenhouse Environment Monitoring and
Controlling System using Arduino Platform
Vimal P V Dr. K S Shivaprakasha
PG Student, Dept. of ECE Associate Professor, Dept. of ECE
NMAMIT, Nitte NMAMIT, Nitte
Karnataka, India Karnataka, India
vimalpv00@[Link] [Link]@[Link]
Abstract— Greenhouses are controlled area environment to in soil. pH sensor measures pH of the soil. LDR sensor is
grow plants. In order to achieve maximum plant growth, the used to measure light intensity [1]. A cooling fan, exhaust
continuous monitoring and controlling of environmental fan, water pump, artificial light and motor pump are also
parameters such as temperature, humidity, soil moisture, light connected to the Arduino [2]. All environmental parameters
intensity, soil pH etc. are necessary for a greenhouse system. are sent to android mobile phone via offline and online. A
The main aim of this project is to design a simple, low cost, GSM modem and Ethernet are used to send environmental
Arduino based system to monitor the values of environmental parameters to android mobile phone.
parameters and that are continuously updated and controlled
in order to achieve optimum plant growth and yield. DHT11 When temperature exceeds a defined level, the system
sensor, Soil Moisture sensor, LDR sensor and pH sensor are sends SMS to the mobile user and the mobile user turns on
the main sensors used in this project which give the exact value the fan by sending another SMS. When the temperature
of temperature, humidity, water content, light intensity and comes to the normal range, the mobile user turns off the fan
soil pH respectively. All environmental parameters are sent to by sending another SMS [3]. When humidity exceeds a
android mobile phone via offline and online. A GSM (Global defined level, the system sends SMS to the mobile user and
System for Mobile communication) modem is used to send the mobile user turns on the exhaust fan by sending another
SMS (Short Message Service) which displays the present status SMS. When the humidity comes to the normal range, the
of the environmental parameters. The SMS is sent to the user mobile user turns off the exhaust fan by sending another
when the sensor value exceeds a defined level. All farmers can
SMS. When pH of the soil exceeds a defined level, the
control their greenhouses from any place by knowing the status
of their greenhouse parameters at any time and they can
system sends SMS to the mobile user and the mobile user
control actuators (cooling fan, exhaust fan, water pump, turns on the motor pump which sprays acidic or alkaline
artificial light and motor pump) to adjust environmental solution by sending another SMS. Similarly, when light
parameters by sending SMS. Ethernet is also used to send the intensity is lower than a defined level, the system sends
data parameters to mobile phone which eliminates the SMS SMS to the mobile user and the mobile user turns on the
charges. All environmental parameters are sent to server artificial lights by sending another SMS. Finally, when the
through Ethernet and stored in the database. So the user can soil moisture sensor does not sense moisture in soil then the
monitor and control parameters through android mobile system sends SMS to the mobile user and the mobile user
application. turns on the water pump by sending another SMS. In order
to eliminate SMS charges, all environmental parameters are
Keywords—Greenhouse, Monitoring, Controlling, Arduino, sending to the server through Ethernet and stored in the
Sensors, GSM, Ethernet. database. So the user can monitor and control parameters
through android mobile application. This device is very
much helpful to the farmers to monitor and control
I. INTRODUCTION
environmental parameters at their farms. The farmers need
In today’s greenhouses, monitoring and controlling of not to go their farms. Any change in the environmental
many parameters are important for the good quality and parameter can lead to financial loses in agricultural and
productivity of plants. But to get the desired result some pharmaceutical industries and can be life threatening to the
parameters like temperature, humidity, soil moisture, light users of biomedical industries. By controlling immediately
intensity and soil pH are important for better plant growth. these losses can be prevented.
So an Arduino based greenhouse environment monitoring
and controlling system using sensors has been designed. For The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section II
this project, Arduino microcontroller is used. Arduino can deals with the system overview. Section III presents the
receive input from a variety of sensors and it can control flowchart of the system. Section IV gives results and
motors, lights and other actuators. Four sensors, DHT11 analysis. Finally section V presents concluding remarks.
sensor, LDR sensor, Soil moisture sensor and pH sensor are
used. DHT11 sensor is used to measure temperature and
humidity. Soil moisture sensor measures the water content
978-1-5090-6106-8/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE 1514
2017 International Conference on Intelligent Computing,Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT)
II. SYSTEM OVERVIEW "Uno" is an Italian word and meaning is one. It has 14
The implemented greenhouse system consists of two digital input or output pins, 6 analog input pins, 16 MHz
section, monitoring section and controlling section. The crystal oscillator, power jack and ICSP header. Operating
monitoring section consists of DHT11 sensor, LDR sensor, voltage is 5V and recommended input voltage is 7 – 12V
Soil moisture sensor and pH sensor to monitor the [5].
environmental parameters. A GSM modem and Ethernet are
also used to send environmental parameters to android B. Sensor
mobile phone. The controlling section consists of cooling Four sensors, DHT11 sensor, LDR sensor, Soil moisture
fan, exhaust fan, water pump, artificial light and motor sensor and pH sensor are used.
pump. Arduino microcontroller forms the heart of the
system. The block diagram of greenhouse monitoring and DHT11 Sensor
controlling system is shown in fig. 1. DHT11 sensor is used to measure both temperature and
humidity. It is a low cost temperature and humidity sensor.
It has high reliability, high efficiency and long-time
stability. It has a thermistor for measuring the temperature
and a humidity measuring component for measuring
humidity [6]. Fig. 3 shows DHT11 sensor.
Fig. 3. DHT11 Sensor
A thermistor is a variable resistor. The resistance of
Fig. 1. Block Diagram of Greenhouse Monitoring and Controlling System
thermistor changes with change in the temperature.
Humidity sensing component has two electrodes with
A. Arduino
moisture holding substrate between them. So as the
Arduino is an open source device. It consists of
humidity changes, resistance between the electrodes
ATmega328P microcontroller. It provides 5V and 3.3V
changes. This change in resistance is measured. The
output voltage options. It takes input voltage from the
operating voltage is 3.3V and 5V.
computer using USB cable or from a portable power supply
The equation used to calculate temperature from output
using a coaxial cable. The Arduino board can read twitter
voltage is:
messages. Arduino IDE is used to upload sketches. Different
types of Arduino boards are Arduino Uno, Arduino Mega,
Temperature = (Vout * 100) / 5 0C (1)
Arduino Yun etc. In this system Arduino Uno board is used.
It is cheap and feasible [4]. Fig. 2 shows Arduino Uno.
The equation used to calculate relative humidity from
output voltage is:
RH = ((Vout / Vsupply) - 0.16) /0.0062 % (2)
Soil Moisture Sensor
Soil moisture sensor measures the moisture content in
soil. This soil moisture sensor consists of two metal rods
held apart at a fixed distance by some insulating material
[7]. Fig. 4 shows soil moisture sensor.
Fig. 2. Arduino Uno
978-1-5090-6106-8/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE 1515
2017 International Conference on Intelligent Computing,Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT)
Fig. 4. Soil Moisture Sensor
Two metal rods pass current through the soil and
resistance is measured. If the water is more, resistance is
low and if the water is less, resistance is high. It also
consists of a potentiometer to vary the sensitiveness of the
sensor. Features are low power consumption, high Fig. 6. Light Sensor Circuit
sensitivity, Arduino compatible interface and the operating
voltage is 5V [8]. If 5V supply is given to the circuit, LDR gives out an
analog voltage which is proportional to the input light
LDR sensor module intensity falling on it. The Arduino has inbuilt ADC (Analog
LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) sensor module is used to Digital Converter) that converts the analog voltage (from
to measure light intensity. It has both analog output pin and 0-5V) into a digital value (0-1023).
digital output pin. If light intensity increases, resistance of In the above circuit resistor 10KΩ is the upper part of
LDR decreases. If light intensity decreases, resistance of the voltage divider and LDR is the lower part. Therefore
LDR increases. The sensor has a potentiometer knob that output voltage is:
can be used to adjust the sensitivity of LDR towards light
[9]. Fig. 5 shows LDR sensor module. VOUT= (5 * RLDR )/ (10+ RLDR ) (3)
From (3)
RLDR = (10* VOUT) / (5- VOUT) (4)
ADC assumes 5V is 1023 and voltage less than 5V is the
ratio between 5V and 1023.
5/1023 = VOUT / Analog reading
VOUT = 0.0048875 * Analog reading (5)
The equation used to calculate the light in Lux from the
LDR resistance is:
Lux= 500/ RLDR (6)
(4) in (6)
Fig. 5. LDR Sensor Module
Lux = 500(5-VOUT) / (10* VOUT) (7)
LDR is also known as photoconductor. Cadmium
Sulphide (CdS) is used to make LDR. Cadmium Sulphide is pH sensor
deposited on an insulator in the shape of a zigzag line. The pH sensor is used to measure pH of the soil. The pH
reason for zigzag path is to increase dark resistance and indicates a solution’s acidity or alkalinity. pH sensor
therefore decrease the dark current [10]. Fig. 6 shows light consists of a pH probe and a pH sensor module. Fig. 7
sensor circuit. shows pH sensor.
978-1-5090-6106-8/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE 1516
2017 International Conference on Intelligent Computing,Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT)
III. SYSTEM FLOWCHART
START
INITIALIZE THE ARDUINO
INITIALIZE THE GSM SIM800
Fig. 7. pH Sensor
The pH probe has two electrodes, one is a glass electrode
and other is reference electrode. Both electrodes are hollow INITIALIZE THE ETHERNET
bulbs containing a potassium chloride solution with a silver
chloride wire suspended into it. pH probe measures the
electrochemical potential between a known liquid inside the
glass electrode and an unknown liquid outside. pH sensor INITIALIZE THE DHT11
module consists of potentiometer to vary the value of the SENSOR, SOIL MOISTURE
sensor. SENSOR, LDR SENSOR
AND pH SENSOR
[Link] SIM800
A
GSM SIM800 is a quad band GSM device. It works on
frequencies 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz and 1900 MHz.
It can transmit voice, SMS and data information with low READ TEMPERATURE,
HUMIDITY, MOISTURE
power consumption. It is very compact in size. It is easy to CONTENT, LIGHT
use as plug in GSM modem. It supports Bluetooth function. INTENSITY AND SOIL pH
Its operating voltage is 3.3V to 5V [11]. Fig. 8 shows GSM
SIM800.
SEND VALUE
SENDING
MEDIUM
SEND THROUGH SEND THROUGH
Fig. 8. GSM SIM800 GSM TO USER ETHERNET TO USER
D Arduino Ethernet Shield
The Arduino Ethernet Shield allows Arduino board to DISPLAY VALUE IN
MOBILE PHONE
connect to the internet. It is based on the Wiz net W5100
Ethernet chip. The wiz net W5100 provides a network (IP)
stack capable of both TCP and UDP. It supports up to four
simultaneous Socket connections. Fig. 9 shows Arduino YES NO
IF ANY REPLY
Ethernet Shield.
TURN ON TURN OFF
ACTUATOR ACTUATOR
Fig. 10. Greenhouse System Flow Chart
Fig. 9. Arduino Ethernet Shield
978-1-5090-6106-8/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE 1517
2017 International Conference on Intelligent Computing,Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT)
Fig. 10 shows flow chart representing the working of the
greenhouse system. The Arduino, Ethernet, DHT11 sensor,
soil moisture sensor, LDR sensor and pH sensor are
initialized by supplying the required power of +5V. The
GSM800 is initialized by supplying the required power of
+12V. The GSM800 sends SMS to the user when the sensor
value exceeds a defined level. The user turns on the actuator
by sending another SMS. All environmental parameters are
sending to server through Ethernet and stored in the
database. So the user can monitor and control parameters
through android mobile application.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
All the components are initialized by supplying the
required power of +5V. Four sensors, DHT11 sensor, LDR
sensor, Soil moisture sensor and pH sensor are used. A
cooling fan, exhaust fan, water pump, artificial light and
motor pump are also connected to the Arduino. An Ethernet
is used to send environmental parameters to android mobile
phone. All environmental parameters are sending to server
through Ethernet and stored in the database. So the user can Fig. 11. Working Model of Greenhouse Monitoring and Controlling
monitor and control parameters through android mobile System
application. For this, an android application is developed. LDR sensor measures light intensity. As the light
The user can log in the application by using username and quantity decreases the photosynthetic process decreases.
password. Username and password is stored in database. A When light intensity is lower than a defined level, the
GSM modem is also used to send SMS which displays the system sends SMS to the mobile user and the mobile user
current status of the environmental parameters. DHT11 turns on the artificial light by sending the SMS
sensor is used to measure temperature and humidity. High “LIGHTON”. When the light intensity comes to the normal
temperature causes leaves to wilt and affect the ability of range, the mobile user turns off the artificial light by
crops to produce fruit. An overheated greenhouse causes the sending the SMS “LIGHTOFF”. Soil moisture sensor
soil to dry out quickly and use more water. By using a measures the moisture content in soil. Water is very
monitoring system, users can be alerted to threatening important for plant growth. When the soil moisture sensor
conditions. When temperature exceeds a defined level, the does not sense moisture in soil then the system sends SMS
system sends SMS to the mobile user and the mobile user to the mobile user and the mobile user turns on the water
turns on the fan by sending the SMS “FANON”. pump by sending the SMS “MOTORON”. When the
moisture in soil comes to the normal range, the mobile user
The present status of the environmental parameters turns off the water pump by sending the SMS
is sent to the mobile user when the mobile user sends the “MOTOROFF”.
SMS “STATUS”. When the temperature comes to the pH sensor is used to measure pH of the soil. The pH
normal range, the mobile user turns off the fan by sending indicates a solution's acidity or alkalinity. The pH value
the SMS “FANOFF”. High humidity affects plants usually varies between 0 and 14. A solution with a pH value
transpiration and photosynthesis process. When plants less than 7 is acid and greater than 7 is alkaline. Plants need
absorb water and minerals from the soil through their roots, mildly acidic soil. The optimum pH range for most plants is
transpiration assists these nutrients to the leaves. If the from 5.5 to 7.5. If the soil is either high acidic or alkaline,
humidity is too high, the process slows down, preventing the soil tends to become sticky and hard to cultivate. High
absorption of nutrients. Without the release of moisture, rainfall, fertilizer use, plant root activity and acid rain are
plants lose their ability to cool themselves. When humidity the main sources of high acidity in soil. Under high acidic
exceeds a defined level, the system sends SMS to the mobile conditions, the concentration of metal ions increases to toxic
user and the mobile user turns on the exhaust fan by sending level. Aluminium is the primary toxic metal, but high levels
the SMS “EFANON”. When the humidity comes to the of iron and manganese can also inhibit plant growth.
normal range, the mobile user turns off the exhaust fan by Aluminium inhibits root growth. High soil acidity can cause
sending the SMS “EFANOFF”. Working model of limited availability of some nutrients such as phosphorus,
greenhouse monitoring and controlling system is shown in molybdenum, calcium and magnesium. To increase the pH
fig. 11. of acidic soil, lime (CaCO3) is used. Lime contains calcium.
978-1-5090-6106-8/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE 1518
2017 International Conference on Intelligent Computing,Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT)
As the pH of the soil increases, some metals such as V. CONCLUSION
aluminium, iron, manganese, and zinc precipitate out of the
soil solution and are no longer plant available. Under high An Arduino based greenhouse monitoring and controlling
alkaline conditions, the solubility of minerals decreases and system is designed. DHT11 sensor, Soil Moisture sensor,
nutrient deficiencies occur. Nutrient deficiency is the main LDR sensor and pH sensor are the main sensors used in this
cause for poor plant growth. Phosphorus is also less project which give the exact value of temperature, humidity,
available in alkaline soils and high levels of calcium may moisture content, light intensity and soil pH respectively.
inhibit the uptake of potassium and magnesium. Acidifying This system is designed for controlling and monitoring
fertilizers such as ammonium sulphate is used to decrease environmental parameters in greenhouse by a simple SMS
the pH of alkaline soil. When pH of the soil exceeds a from anyplace via the GSM network. Ethernet is also used
defined level, the system sends SMS to the mobile user and to send the data parameters to mobile phone which
the mobile user turns on the motor pump which sprays eliminates the SMS charges. This system reduces the power
acidic or alkaline solution by sending the SMS consumption, maintenance and complexity. This project can
“ACIDICON” or “BASICON”. Arduino serial monitor be used in agricultural field, in nursery and in botanical
output and mobile output of greenhouse monitoring and garden.
controlling system are shown in fig. 12 and 13 respectively.
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Fig. 12. Arduino Serial Monitor Output
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978-1-5090-6106-8/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE 1519