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Logarithm and Contour Integral Solutions

This document contains solutions to multiple exercises involving contour integrals and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. The exercises apply principles like Cauchy's Theorem, the Path Independence Theorem, and the Homotopy Form of Cauchy's Theorem to evaluate definite integrals over contours. The integrals involve functions like logarithms, exponentials, trigonometric functions, and rational functions. Many of the integrals evaluate to 0 due to the properties of the contours and analyticity of the integrated functions.

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Fabi SuJu
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7 views2 pages

Logarithm and Contour Integral Solutions

This document contains solutions to multiple exercises involving contour integrals and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. The exercises apply principles like Cauchy's Theorem, the Path Independence Theorem, and the Homotopy Form of Cauchy's Theorem to evaluate definite integrals over contours. The integrals involve functions like logarithms, exponentials, trigonometric functions, and rational functions. Many of the integrals evaluate to 0 due to the properties of the contours and analyticity of the integrated functions.

Uploaded by

Fabi SuJu
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Homework 4

Exercise 2.1.3
Solution: The principal branch of the logarithm is a function that is analytic on an open set containing
𝑟 and whose derivative is 1/𝑧. Since 𝑟 is closed, the value of the integral is 0, by the Fundamental
Theorem of Calculus for contour integrals, 2.1.7.

Exercise 2.1.12
Solution: We can define a single-valued branch of the function log 𝑧 that is analytic on the set
𝐶\{𝑧| 𝑅𝑒 𝑧 ≤ 0}. On that region we have 1/𝑧 = (log 𝑧)′. The integral is thus 0 by the Fundamental
Theorem of Calculus.

Exercise 2.1.15
Solution: Let 𝑧 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 . Along 𝑟 , 𝑧 = 1, so

sin 𝑧 1 𝑖𝑧 1 𝑖𝑥 −𝑦
2
= sin 𝑧 = 𝑒 − 𝑒 −𝑖𝑧 = 𝑒 − 𝑒 −𝑖𝑥+𝑦
𝑧 2 2
1 1 1
≤ 2 𝑒 𝑖𝑥 −𝑦 + 𝑒 −𝑖𝑥 +𝑦 = 2
𝑒 −𝑦 + 𝑒 𝑦 ≤2 𝑒+𝑒 =𝑒

since −1 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 1 on 𝑟 . The arc length of 𝑟 is 2𝜋 .

sin 𝑧
Thus, 𝑟 𝑧2
𝑑𝑧 ≤ 2𝜋𝑒 .

Exercise 2.2.1
1 4 −1
(a) By the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, 𝑟
(𝑧 3 + 3)𝑑𝑧 = 4
𝑧 + 3𝑧 = −6
1

(b) Since 𝑟 is a simple closed curve and 𝑧 3 + 3 is entire, 𝑟


(𝑧 3 + 3)𝑑𝑧 = 0 by the Cauchy’s
Theorem.
1 1
(c) Since 𝑟 is a simple closed curve and 𝑒 𝑧 is analytic on and inside 𝑟, 𝑟
𝑒 𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = 0 by the
Cauchy’s Theorem.
1
(d) Since 𝑟 is a simple closed curve and cos⁡
(3 + 𝑧−3) is analytic on and inside 𝑟,
1
𝑟
cos⁡
(3 + 𝑧−3) 𝑑𝑧 = 0 by the Cauchy’s Theorem.
Exercise 2.2.9
𝜋 2 2
Solution: First, directly, define 𝑟 𝑡 = 𝑒 𝑖𝑡 , 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 𝜋 . Then 𝑟
z 𝑑𝑧 = 0
𝑒 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑒 𝑖𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = − 3 − 3 𝑖

−1
2 3 2 2
Second, using the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, 𝑟
z 𝑑𝑧 = 𝑧2 =− − 𝑖
3 1 3 3

Exercise 2.2.11
2𝑧 2 −15𝑧+30 2 1
Solution: Using partial fractions, 𝑟 𝑧 3 −10𝑧 2 +32𝑧−32
𝑑𝑧 = 𝑟 𝑧−2
𝑑𝑧 + 𝑟 (𝑧−4)2
𝑑𝑧 = 4𝜋𝑖 + 0 = 4𝜋𝑖

Exercise 2.3.7
(a) Since the 1/𝑧 is analytic on 𝐶\{0} and also the 𝑟 and unit circle are homotopic as closed curves
in 𝐶\{0}, the integral is 2𝜋𝑖 by the Deformation Theorem.
(b) Note that 1/𝑧 2 is defined and analytic on 𝐶\{0} and is the derivative of −1/𝑧 which is defined
and analytic on 𝐶\{0}. Since the closed curve 𝑟 lies in 𝐶\{0}, the integral is 0 by the Path
Independence Theorem.
𝑒𝑧
(c) Since the function 𝑧
is analytic on 𝐶\{0} and 𝑟 is a closed curve in 𝐶\{0} which is homotopic to
a point in 𝐶\{0}. Thus the integral is 0 by the Homotopy Form of Cauchy’s Theorem.
1 1 1 1
(d) Using partial fractions, 𝑟 𝑧 2 −1
𝑑𝑧 = 2( 𝑟 𝑧−1
𝑑𝑧 − 𝑟 𝑧+1
𝑑𝑧) = 𝜋𝑖 − 0 = 𝜋𝑖

Exercise 2.3.10
1
(a) Since the function (1−𝑧)3
is analytic on 𝐶\{1} and 𝑟 is a closed curve in 𝐶\{1} which is
homotopic to a point in 𝐶\{1}. Thus the integral is 0 by the Homotopy Form of Cauchy’s
Theorem.
1 1
(b) Note that (1−𝑧)3
is defined and analytic on 𝐶\{1} and is the derivative of 2(1−𝑧)2
which is
defined and analytic on 𝐶\{1}. Since the closed curve 𝑟 lies in 𝐶\{1}, the integral is 0 by the
Path Independence Theorem.
1
(c) Since the function (1−𝑧)3
is analytic on 𝐶\{1} and 𝑟 is a closed curve in 𝐶\{1} which is
homotopic to a point in 𝐶\{1}. Thus the integral is 0 by the Homotopy Form of Cauchy’s
Theorem.

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