OH&S Management System
Risk Assessment Based on
Occupational Health & Safety Assessment Series 18001
Prof. Gihan Hosny
Learning objectives
What is a/an
Hazard
Risk
Exposure
What are the types of occupational hazards?
Hazard
Potential of an agent to cause harm
Exposure
Contact with a Hazard is called Exposure
Exposure is a combination of
Magnitude
Frequency
Duration
Risk
Likelihood that an agent will cause harm in the actual circumstances of
exposure
RISK occurs only when there is
Health Risk = Hazard x Exposure
Health Risk
No Hazard = No Risk
Hazard, but no Exposure = No Risk
Health Risk = Hazard x Exposure
HAZARDS AT WORKPLACE
Physical
Chemical
Biological
Psychosocial
Ergonomics
Mechanical
Classes of Hazards
Health hazard
The potential to cause
harm to health
Chemical Psychological
Physical Ergonomic
Biological
Risk Assessment – Why?
“ To prevent accidents by identifying hazards and reducing the risk of
injury from those hazards to as low a level as is reasonably practicable.”
Definition of an Accident
An unplanned, unexpected event that can result in injury or damage.
Occupational • Bacteria
• Fungi • Manual handling
Hazards • Insects • Repetitive movement
• Viruses • Restrictive working area
• Noise
• Vibration
• Radiation BIOLOGICAL ERGONOMICAL
• Lighting
• Heat PHYSICAL
• Cold CHEMICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL
•
• Fumes
• Gases • Job stress
• Aerosols • Job monotony
• Mists • Unsociable hours
• Liquids • Job organization
• Vapours
•Fibres
• Dusts
Definition of a Hazard
“Something with the potential to cause harm.”
Definition of a Risk
“The likelihood that the harm will be realised and, for the purpose of Risk
Assessment, the severity of the harm”
Reasonably Practicable
Time
Assessment Trouble
Of the Cost
Risk Physical difficulty
14
R
A
T
I
O
S
15
Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1999
Regulation 3.
1) every employer shall make a suitable and sufficient assessment of the
risks to his employees and persons not in his employment from the
hazards arising from his undertaking.
3) the assessment should be periodically reviewed.
4) the significant findings should be recorded where there are more than
five employees.
Organizations are responsible for risk that arises out of their own
workplaces.
* Management need to be committed to OH&S:-
- The old assumption that workers are responsible for
causing accidents are not entirely valid.
* Self-regulated
* Proactive management approach
PURPOSE OF MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
• Identify regulatory requirements – compliance to local and
national laws.
• Identify hazards and risks – pertinent to current work
activities.
• Manage risks – introduce controls to manage risks to As Low
As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP).
HAZARD AND RISK
HAZARD AND RISK
HAZARD RISK
- any source of - the chance or
potential probability that a
damage, harm or person will be
adverse health harmed or
effects on experience an
something or adverse health
someone under effect if exposed to
certain conditions at a hazard.
work.
TERMS AND DEFINITION
RISK ASSESSMENT TOLERABLE RISK
Overall process of Risk that has
estimating the magnitude
of risk and deciding Commitmentd to a
whether or not the risk is level that can be
tolerable endured by the
SAFETY organization having
Freedom from regard to its legal
unacceptable risk of obligations an its
harm own OH&S policy
WORKPLACE HAZARDS
Safety Hazards Health Hazards
working conditions where working conditions which
harm to the workers is of an result in an illness
immediate and violent nature
result in broken bones, cuts, exposure to dangerous
bruises, sprains, loss of limbs, substances or conditions,
etc. such as chemicals, gases,
the harm results in some kind dusts, noise etc.
of injury to the worker
associated with poorly often, latency between
guarded or dangerous exposure and disease
equipment and machinery
Genetic Multiplicity of
factors exposure
Lifestyle
Duration of
Age exposure
Workers’ WORK- Workplace
Susceptibility Factors Physical
RELATED properties
Race DISEASE
Magnitude of
Gender exposure
Medical Timing of
history exposure
Purpose of Management system:
• Establish a policy and objectives – introduce plans to manage
the risks that has been identified. Implement the plans.
• Monitor performance – obtain feedback and make the
necessary changes to the policy or objectives if required.
• WHAT IS OH&S MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ?
• Voluntary management system
• Integrates OH&S hazards into business process
• Identify, assess and control hazards relating to business
• Anticipates and meets OH&S performance expectations
(national / international level)
• Applicable to any organization, regardless of size, type, or level
of maturity
PDCA IN OH&S MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Plan
Assess risk, identify applicable regulations
* Do
Identify responsibility and accountability, training,
communicate, control and prepare for emergencies.
* Check
Monitor, Record, Audit (Check, Examination, Review,
Assessment)
* Act to improve
OH&S Policy
Management Continual
Review
Improvement
Checking & Planning
Corrective Action
Implementation
& Operation
Health & Safety Management
Policy
Organising
Planning and
Auditing
Implementing
Measuring
performance
Reviewing
performance
27
4.3 PLANNING
(One of the elements of OHSAS 18001)
4.3.1 Planning for hazard identification, risk assessment and risk
control.
• The organization shall establish and maintain procedures for
the ongoing identification of hazards, assessment of risks and
the implementation of the necessary control measures.
Methodology For Hazard Identification And Risk Assessment
1. Relevant to job activity.
2. Proactive rather than reactive. Need to uncover hazards.
3. Able to classify risks.
4. Risks can be identified, controlled or eliminated. Control
measures need to be specified.
How do we do it ?
1. Set up sub-committees in each individual work section.
2. Get them to make a list of all current work activities ( routine
and non-routine).
3. Use a Risk Assessment Matrix to conduct an initial assessment
to determine activities that constitute highest risk to employees,
subcontractors or visitors.
How can we succeed ?
1. Management must give endorsement.
2. Set performance standards – use industry and current legal
standards.
3. Education and Training – provide training to the risk
assessment sub-committee members.
4. Task selection (prioritize) – Take action on job activities with
the highest risks.
5. Group involvement – Risk assessment sub-committee is to
submit their findings to the OSH Committee. OSH Committee
to submit to management for approval.
6. Documented, acted upon and reviewed.
How To Prepare A Job Safety Analysis
How to determine the hazards in a job activity.
1. List down all work activities with the highest risk.
2. Break each work activity into sequential steps.
3. Identify all hazards.
4. Conduct initial risk assessment.
RISK = probability x severity.
How To Control Hazards
1. Specify Control Measures.
a. Eliminate hazard.
b. Engineering Controls / Isolation.
c. Administrative Controls.
d. Personal Protective Equipment.
2. Implement and Monitor.
Risk Assessment
essential for safe working
applicable beyond OH&S
quick assessment of relative risks
simple methodology, usually
Risk factor = probability x severity
other forms may be used
Probability
1 = unlikely
2 = possible
3 = probable
Severity
1 = minor
2 = serious
3 = critical
Risk Factor
1-3 = low risk
4 = medium risk
6 or 9 = high risk
NB: the number must be
calculated, NOT estimated separately
Risk Assessment Guide
Risk Assessment
Consider the task or processes.
Identify the hazards.
Identify who is at risk.
Analyse and evaluate the risk against the severity.
Decide on control measures.
Implement the control measures.
Monitor the control measures.
Review the process.
Who is at risk?
Employees.
Directly carrying out the task.
Other employees working near the task being assessed.
Cleaning and maintenance staff.
Sex.
Age.
Health.
Special circumstances (e.g. Pregnancy).
Who is at Risk?
Visitors Contractors.
Invited Cleaners
Customers Maintenance
Emergency
services Others
Delivery drivers Members of the public
Uninvited Passers by
Trespassers Neighbours
Burglars
45
Risk Ratings
Slightly Extremely
Likelihood Severity Harmful
harmful harmful
Highly
Trivial Tolerable Moderate
unlikely
Unlikely Tolerable Moderate Substantial
Likely Moderate Substantial Intolerable
46
Control Measures
Remember - E.R.I.C.
Eliminate the hazard.
Reduce the hazard or change it for a safer
alternative.
Isolate the hazard from personnel
Control the hazard
47
Control Measures
Safe person controls
Protective devices
Safe systems of work
Personal protective equipment
Permits to work
Training
Instruction
Supervision
Signs
Method statements
48
RISK ASSESSMENT
Overall process of estimating the magnitude of risk and deciding whether
or not the risk is tolerable
SAFETY
Freedom from unacceptable risk of harm
TOLERABLE RISK
Risk that has Commitmentd to a level that can be endured by the
organization having regard to its legal obligations an its own OH&S
policy
Safety & Health Committee Org.
CHAIRMAN
CEO /MD
MANAGEMENT WORKERS
Representitives Representatives
Depts./ Sections Depts./Sections
Composition Of Committee
OSH Committee consists of :
Chairman
Secretary
Representatives of employer
Representatives of employees
Representatives
This Regulation Requires that :
Less than 100 employees - 2 from management.
- 2 from employees.
More than 100 employees - 4 from management.
- 4 from employees.
OSH Committee’s Commitment
Assist in the development of safety and health rules and safe
systems of work.
Review the effectiveness of safety and health program.
Carry out studies on trends of incident & report to management.
Review & make recommendations on Safety & Health Policy.
Workplace Inspection
Inspect the workplace at least once in 3 months.
Develop programs for corrective actions.
Evaluate effectiveness of corrective actions.
Report & record unsafe acts and conditions.
Advise management on improvement of safety.
Accident Investigation
Assist the Safety Officer when he is conducting accident
investigation.
Obtain additional shop floor information pertaining to the cause of
the accident.
Provide recommendations to prevent recurrence.
Communicate cause of accident and recommended actions to
prevent recurrence of the accident to his/her colleagues once results
are made public.
Follow up on the implementation of corrective measures.
Investigate Into Complaints
Committee members must maintain an open communication
system for employees to report on OSH issues.
Members will then take immediate action to look into any
complaints or suggestions.
Members can refer to the safety & health committee if immediate
management is incapable of taking any action.
If the Committee receives any complaints, they must;
- investigate immediately
- make a report
- Make a recommendation to eliminate or reduce the risk.
- Employer must implement the recommended actions immediately
after receiving report from the committee.
- Reasons must be given if management cannot implement the
recommended actions.
- If the committee does not agree with the reasons given by the
management, they can refer the case to DG DOSH for further
investigation.
Other Activities Involving OSH Committee
The OSH committee should assist management in activities
pertaining to OSH;
- Safety and Health Awareness Campaign
- Safety and Health awards
- Safety and Health exhibition
- Conduct Safety and Health Surveys