Skeletal System

Axial Skeleton = 80 bones

I. Head Region (29 bones) B. Bones of the Chest / Thorax = 25

A. Skull bones
Cranium (Cranial Bones) = 8 bones • Sternum (breast bone) 1
• Frontal (forehead) 1 • Ribs (12 pairs) 24
• Parietal (topsides of the cranium) 2 o True Ribs (1st – 7th pairs of ribs)
• Temporal (lower side of the skull) 2 o False Ribs (8th – 10th pairs of ribs)
• Occipital ( back & base of the skull) 1 o Floating Ribs (11th- 12th pairs of ribs)
• Sphenoid (mid-portion of the 1
cranial floor) Appendicular Skeleton = 126 bones
• Ethmoid (front portion of the cranial 1
floor) I. Upper Extremity (64 bones)
Face (Facial bones) = 14 bones A. Shoulder Girdle / Pectoral Girdle =
• Maxillae (upper jaw bone) 2 4 bones
• Mandible (lower jaw bone) 1 • Clavicle (collar bone) 2
• Zygomatic (cheek bones) 2 • Scapula (shoulder blade) 2
B. Humerus (arm bone) 2
• Nasal (bridge of the nose) 2
C. Radius (lateral forearm bone) 2
• Lacrimal (medial wall of the orbit) 2
D. Ulna (medial forearm bone) 2
• Palatine (back part of the hard 2 E. Carpals (bones of the wrist) 16
palate) F. Metacarpals (framework of the 10
• Inferior Nasal Conchae (lateral wall 2 palm)
of the nasal cavity) G. Phalanges (finger bones) 28
• Vomer (back & lower part of the 1 (2 for thumb and 3 for other fingers)
nasal septum) • Proximal phalanges 10
• Middle phalanges 8
B. Ear Ossicles (6 bones) • Distal phalanges 10
- Vibrate in response to sound
waves that strike the eardrum and II. Lower Extremity (62 bones)
have a key role in hearing A. Pelvic Girdle
• Hammer (Malleus) 2 • Hip bones / os coxae / 2
• Anvil (Incus) 2 innominate bones
• Stirrup (Stapes) 2 B. Femur (thigh bone) 2
C. Patella (knee cap) 2
C. Hyoid Bone 1 D. Tibia (shin bone, medial leg bone) 2
E. Fibula (splint bone, lateral leg 2
II. Trunk Region (51 bones) bone)
F. Tarsals (ankle bones) 14
A. Vertebrae (Backbones) = 26 bones G. Metatarsals (bones of the instep / 10
• Cervical vertebrae (neck) 7 sole)
• Thoracic vertebrae (upper back) 12 H. Phalanges (finger bones) 28
• Lumbar vertebrae (lower back) 5 (2 for big toe and 3 for other
fingers)
• Sacrum (back of the pelvis) 1
• Proximal phalanges 10
• Coccyx (tail bone) 1
• Middle phalanges 8
• Distal phalanges 10
 Skeletal System

Bony Landmarks / C. Sternum • Olecranon fossa

Structural Features of
the Individual Bones of • Manubrium • Trochlea
the Body
• Body • Capitulum
A. Cranium
• Xiphoid process • Medial epicondyle
• External auditory /
acoustic meatus D. Clavicle • Lateral epicondyle

• Mastoid process • Sternal end G. Radius

• Connoid process • Acromial end • Radial Head

• Coronoid process E. Scapula • Neck

• Condyloid process • Spine of scapula • Radial styloid

process
• Styloid process • Acromion process
H. Ulna
• Foramen magnum • Coracoid process
• Olecranon process
• Occipital condyles • Supraspinous fossa
• Coronoid process
• External occipital • Infraspinous fossa
protuberance • Trochlear notch
• Subscapular fossa
• Sutures • Ulnar head
• Glenoid fossa
o Coronal suture • Ulnar styloid proces
• Scapular notch
o Sagittal suture I. Carpal Bones

o Lambdoidal • Proximal row (from

suture F. Humerus lateral to medial)

o Squamosal • Head of humerus o Navicular /

suture Scaphoid
• Anatomical neck
B. Vertebra o Lunate
• Surgical neck
• Vertebral body o Triquetral
• Greater tubercle
• Pedicle o Pisiform
• Lesser tubercle
• Lamina • Distal row (from
• Intertubercular lateral to medial)
• Transverse process groove
o Greater
• Spinous process • Deltoid tuberosity Multiangular /
Trapezium
• Vertebral foramen • Coronoid fossa
o Lesser
• Intervertebral • Radial fossa Multiangular /
foramen Trapezoid
 Skeletal System

o Capitate • Neck of femur • Medial malleolus

o Hamate • Greater trochanter O. Fibula

J. Metacarpals & • Lesser trochanter • Head of fibula

Phalanges
• Intertrochaneric line • Lateral malleolus
• Base
• Intertrochanteric P. Tarsal Bones
• Body/Shaft crest
• Calcaneus
• Head • Linea aspera
• Talum
• Patellar surface
• Navicular
K. Hip Bone / Innominate
• Popliteal surface
Bones • Cuboid
• Medial condyle;
• Ilium – iliac fossa, • Medial (1st)
Medial epicondyle
iliac crest, anterior
cuneiform
superior iliac spine • Lateral condyle;

• Ischium – ischial
Lateral epicondyle • Intermediate (2nd)
tuberosity cuneiform
M. Patella

• Pubis – symphysis • Lateral (3rd)

• Base
pubis cuneiform
• Apex
• Acetabulum Q. Metatarsals / Phalanges
N. Tibia
• Obturator foramen • Base
• Medial tibial condyle
L. Femur • Body/Shaft
• Lateral tibial condyle
• Head of femur • Head
• Tibial tuberosity