STRUCTURAL CONCRETE SOFTWARE

ADAPT-MAT

USER MANUAL

Copyright June 2016

support@[Link] [Link]
ADAPT Corporation, Redwood City, California, 94061, USA, Tel: +1 (650) 306-2400 Fax +1 (650) 306-2401
ADAPT International Pvt. Ltd, Kolkata, India Tel: +91-33-302 86580 Fax: +91-33-224 67281
 LIST OF CONTENTS Content

LIST OF CONTENTS

OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................... 1
BASIC FEATURES .......................................................................................... 5
2.1 OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................ 7
2.2 GEOMETRY ........................................................................................................... 7
2.3 SUPPORT CONDITIONS ..................................................................................... 11
2.3.1 Soil Support Area....................................................................................... 11
2.3.2 Compression Only Soil .............................................................................. 12
2.3.3 Soil / Rock Anchors ................................................................................... 12
2.3.4 Grade Beam Support .................................................................................. 12
2.3.5 Line Springs ............................................................................................... 13
2.3.6 Point Springs .............................................................................................. 14
2.3.7 Point Supports ............................................................................................ 14
2.3.8 Line Supports ............................................................................................. 14
2.3.9 Piles............................................................................................................ 14
2.3.10 Voids in Soil .............................................................................................. 15
2.4 MATERIAL PROPERTIES................................................................................... 15
2.5 LOADS .................................................................................................................. 15
2.5.1 Load Cases ................................................................................................. 15
2.5.2 Load Combinations .................................................................................... 15
2.6 BASE REINFORCEMENT ................................................................................... 16
2.7 POST-TENSIONING ............................................................................................ 16
2.8 ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................ 16
2.9 DESIGN ................................................................................................................. 18
2.10 GENERATION OF DRAWINGS ......................................................................... 18
2.11 LINK WITH 3RD PARTY PROGRAMS AND ADAPT DATA EXCHANGE... 19

QUICK START ............................................................................................... 21

3.1 OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................... 23
3.2 OPENING THE PROGRAM ................................................................................. 23
3.3 QUICK START – STEP-BY-STEP....................................................................... 24
3.3.1 Create a Grid .............................................................................................. 24
3.3.2 Building the Model .................................................................................... 24
3.3.3 Viewing the Model .................................................................................... 26
3.3.4 Defining the Soil Support .......................................................................... 28
3.3.5 Application of Loads.................................................................................. 28
3.3.6 Mesh and Analyze ..................................................................................... 30
3.3.7 Viewing Analysis Results .......................................................................... 31

USER INTERFACE ....................................................................................... 35

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4.1 OVERVIEW OF ADAPT-BUILDER PLATFORM ............................................. 37

4.2 ADAPT-BUILDER INITIAL SCREEN ................................................................ 37
4.3 ADAPT-MODELER MAIN SCREEN .................................................................. 39
4.4 MOUSE FUNCTION AND OPERATION ........................................................... 39
4.5 TOOLS SPECIFIC TO ADAPT-MAT .................................................................. 40
4.6 GENERAL TOOLBARS ....................................................................................... 41
4.6.1 Transform to Structural Components Toolbar ........................................... 41
4.6.2 Selection Toolbar ....................................................................................... 43
4.6.3 Camera and Viewports Toolbar ................................................................. 46
4.6.4 Settings Toolbar ......................................................................................... 47
4.6.5 Snap Toolbar.............................................................................................. 48
4.6.6 Model/Design Strips Toolbar..................................................................... 49
4.6.7 Modeling Toolbar ...................................................................................... 49
4.6.8 Modeling Toolbar (extended) .................................................................... 50
4.6.9 Support Line/Results Scale Toolbar .......................................................... 52
4.6.10 Reinforcement Toolbar .............................................................................. 53
4.6.11 Cursor Function and Operation.................................................................. 54

MODELING AND DESIGN PROCESS ...................................................... 57

5.1 OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................... 59
5.2 DESIGN PROCEDURE ........................................................................................ 59
5.2.1 Create the Structural Model ....................................................................... 59
5.2.2 Define Soil Support Conditions ................................................................. 60
5.2.3 Validate the Structural Model .................................................................... 60
5.2.4 Complete and Finalize Input Data ............................................................. 60
5.2.5 Perform Analysis ....................................................................................... 61
5.2.6 Prepare to Design ....................................................................................... 61
5.2.7 Validate the Code Compliance of the Design ............................................ 61
5.2.8 Generate Structural Drawings .................................................................... 62
5.2.9 Generate Structural Calculation Reports ................................................... 62

TUTORIAL..................................................................................................... 65
6.1 OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................... 67
6.2 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 67
6.3 DESIGN SCOPE AND CRITERIA ...................................................................... 68
6.3.1 Structural Layout ....................................................................................... 68
6.3.2 Material Properties..................................................................................... 69
6.3.3 Applicable Codes ....................................................................................... 70
6.3.4 Structural Documents ................................................................................ 70
6.3.5 Design Loads ............................................................................................. 70
[Link] Dead Load ................................................................................... 70
[Link] Live Load .................................................................................... 70
6.3.6 Load Combinations and Stresses ............................................................... 70

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[Link] Strength Load Combinations ....................................................... 71

[Link] Serviceability Load Combinations .............................................. 71
[Link] Initial Load Combinations ........................................................... 71
6.3.7 Deflections ................................................................................................. 71
6.3.8 Cover.......................................................................................................... 72
6.3.9 Soil Properties ............................................................................................ 72
[Link] Equivalent Spring Constant ......................................................... 73
[Link] Soil Pressure ................................................................................ 73
[Link] Displacement at Interface of Soil Layers .................................... 73
[Link] Numerical Example ..................................................................... 74
6.4 GENERATION OF 3D STRUCTURAL MODEL THROUGH DWG IMPORT . 75
6.4.1 First Drawing Import ................................................................................. 75
6.4.2 Transformation of Structural Components................................................. 77
6.5 MATERIAL, SOIL SUPPORT, CRITERIA AND LOADINGS........................... 80
6.5.1 Set and Assign Material Properties ............................................................ 80
[Link] Set and Assign Multiple Concrete Materials ............................... 80
[Link] Set and Assign Mild Steel Material (Rebar)................................ 83
6.5.2 Assign Soil Support ................................................................................... 83
6.5.3 Set Criteria ................................................................................................. 85
6.5.4 Input and Assign Loadings ........................................................................ 85
[Link] Patch Load Generation ................................................................ 86
[Link] Line Load Generation.................................................................. 86
[Link] Point Load Generation ................................................................ 87
[Link] Load Combinations ..................................................................... 88
6.6 FINITE ELEMENT MESHING, ANALYSIS AND VIEW RESULTS ............... 89
6.6.1 Finite Element Meshing ............................................................................. 89
6.6.2 Analyze Structure ...................................................................................... 90
6.6.3 View Results .............................................................................................. 91
[Link] View Deflection .......................................................................... 91
[Link] Review of Soil Pressure .............................................................. 92
[Link] Generate Line Contour ................................................................ 94
6.7 GENERATION OF SUPPORT LINES AND USE OF SPLITTERS .................... 96
6.7.1 Generation of Support Lines ...................................................................... 97
6.7.2 Use of Splitters........................................................................................... 98
6.8 PRODUCE AND REVIEW DESIGN RESULTS ............................................... 100
6.8.1 Review Analysis/ Design Options ........................................................... 101
6.8.2 Generate Design Sections ........................................................................ 101
6.8.3 Review Design Strips (Column and Middle Strips) ................................. 102
6.8.4 Design the Design Sections ..................................................................... 104
6.8.5 Adequacy Check for the Design Sections ................................................ 104
6.8.6 Generate Rebar Drawing.......................................................................... 107

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6.8.7 Specify Base Reinforcement and Re-design ............................................ 108

6.8.8 Punching Shear Check ............................................................................. 110

ANALYTICAL BACKGROUND ............................................................... 115

7.1 OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................ 117
7.2 STRUCTURAL MODELING ............................................................................. 117
7.2.1 Analysis ................................................................................................... 117
7.2.2 Design ...................................................................................................... 118
7.3 MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS.............................................................................. 118
7.3.1 Soil Pressure ............................................................................................ 118
7.3.2 Superposition ........................................................................................... 120

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OVERVIEW Chapter 1

Chapter 1

OVERVIEW

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ADAPT-MAT is a computer program that enables you to model, analyze, design, and
generate structural drawings for ground supported concrete structures that are used to
transfer load to the underlain soil in a serviceable and safe manner. The program can
handle practically all possible foundation configurations and loads, using a state-of-the-
art 3D modeling and Finite Element Technology, and designing in accordance with the
US and major international building codes.

Following a short glance at some of the features of the program that are described below,
it is recommended that you go through the section on “Quick Start” to familiarize
yourself with the operation of the program. Next, follow the tutorial, before you start
your design project.

Since this program forms a part of the ADAPT-Builder suite, the general graphical
interface and modeling techniques are described in the ADAPT-Modeler and ADAPT-
Floor Pro User Manuals. This User Manual forms part of the ADAPT-MAT software
package. It is recommended that you keep the manual handy and refer to it when needed.

If you are already familiar with ADAPT-Floor Pro, you may skip the section on Quick
Start, and Modeling and Design Process, since the two programs use essentially the same
interface, modeling and design process.

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BASIC FEATURES Chapter 2

Chapter 2

BASIC FEATURES

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2.1 OVERVIEW

This chapter explains the basic features of the program.

2.2 GEOMETRY

A foundation mat or raft as it is also referred to, can be faithfully modeled as it is

intended for construction. The following describes the structural components that
can be modeled and handled by the program as part of a foundation system;

• Slab regions: a foundation mat can consist of one or more slab regions,
each with its own shape on plan, and its own thickness. The slab
regions can have different elevations, creating steps either at the top or
bottom of the foundation system.

FIGURE 2.2-1 VIEW OF A MAT FOUNDATION CONSISTING OF MORE THAN ONE

SLAB REGION WITH STEPS BOTH AT TOP AND BOTTOM

• Grade beams: Grade beams can be in any number, any dimension and
orientation. Grade beams can be standalone or be part of a foundation
slab. If they are part of the foundations slab, their structural interaction
with the slab in resisting the applied loads is automatically accounted
for in the analysis and design steps of the software. Further, the
program recognizes the elevation of the grade beams with respect to
the foundation slab in both its analysis and design stages.

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FIGURE 2.2-2 VIEW OF A FOUNDATION SLAB WITH INTEGRATED GRADE

BEAMS

FIGURE 2.2-3 PLAN OF A FOUNDATION SYSTEM WITH ISOLATED FOOTINGS

AND GRADE BEAMS

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FIGURE 2.2-4 VIEW OF A FOUNDATION SYSTEM WITH ISOLATED FOOTINGS,

GRADE BEAMS AND FOOTINGS BELOW WALLS

• Pile caps: Pile caps can be modeled either in isolation, or as part of a

foundation mat. When integrated with the foundation mat, their
interaction with the mat in resisting the applied load will be
automatically accounted for by the program.
• Thickening below slab: Thickenings below a mat slab to resist
punching shear below columns can be readily modeled with a column-
drop/panel tool. The program accounts for the local stiffening of the
foundation slab due to added thickness, as well as the resistance it
provides for punching shear.
• Openings: Openings of regular or irregular geometry can be defined in
any number and at any location.
• Elevator pits: Significant depressions in foundations slab with
perimeter walls, typical of elevator pits can be modeled in the program
and analyzed.

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(a) Elevator shaft model (b) Pads below columns

FIGURE 2.2-5 ELEVATOR SHAFTS AND PADS BELOW COLUMNS AND WALLS,
AND ELEVATOR PITS CAN BE MODELED WITH CORRECT GEOMETRY AND
ELEVATION

• Walls and columns above foundation mats: One story height of walls
and columns can be modeled above a foundation system. The program
accounts for the stiffness of these structural components when
analyzing the foundation. The degree of stiffness of each of these
structural components depends on the fixity defined by you at the far
end of a wall or a column. The default setting of the program is
freedom to displace and rotate at the far ends of the walls and columns
above a foundation. The height of a wall or column above a foundation
is taken to be the story height defined by you, but you have the option
to modify the height of each wall.
• Upturned beams; Beams can be modeled to be entirely above a
foundation slab, or partially above and partially below the slab.

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FIGURE 2.1-6 VIEW OF A FOUNDATION SYSTEM INCLUDING THE MODELING

OF WALLS AND COLUMNS

2.3 SUPPORT CONDITIONS

A foundation system can be supported partially or wholly, on a variety of support

conditions as described below:

2.3.1 Soil Support Area

Foundations can be modeled to rest on more than one type of soil. Each
soil type will be specified with its own property and the support area it
covers. A supporting soil region can be extended beyond the boundary of
a mat and below the openings. The program will consider only the
resistance of soil that is immediately below the structural members of the
foundation. Soil regions modeled extending beyond the boundary of a
mat’s structural members and within the openings will not be considered
to provide support. Not all the regions of a foundation system need be
supported on soil. You may define parts of the foundation to overhang or
span unsupported lengths.

The soil is represented by Winkler springs, for which you define the
associated bulk modulus as part of your input data. The unit for the soil’s
bulk modulus is lb/in3. This value typically varies between 100 to 400 pci
(between 0.03 to 0.12 N/mm3). In the absence of detailed information 200
psi (0.06 N/mm3) is a reasonable starting point.

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2.3.2 Compression Only Soil

You have the option to limit the transfer of force between a foundation
member and its underlain soil as compression only. This results in
separation between the underlain soil and the foundation member, where
tension is likely to occur – hence no load transfer. Also, you can specify
the soil to resist both tension and compression.

The soil region you define provides only up and down support. For a
support with capability of resisting forces in the horizontal direction and
moments, you will use other options of support, as detailed below.

2.3.3 Soil / Rock Anchors

Soil and Rock anchors are designed to resist tensile forces only. They are
used where there is potential of uplift, such as overturning due to high
winds, seismic forces, or uplift from raised water table. Under normal
conditions, support is provided by soil, but when the load on a foundation
results in uplift, the soil/rock anchors will be mobilized to resist the uplift.
The tensile force developed in a soil/rock anchor depends on the user
defined stiffness. In principle, soil anchors are “tension only” point
supports with specified stiffness values. You will use point springs to
model soil anchors.

The default setting of the program is that the soil anchors take only tension
in the vertical direction. You define their property in terms of (pounds per
inch of extension, kN/mm extension, or tons/cm of extension). The
program provides you the option to specify stiffness for displacements
other than vertical direction.

2.3.4 Grade Beam Support

Grade beams that are integrated with a mat slab do not need additional
support definition. The soil region that supports the mat will also support
the grade beam. But for grade beams that are isolated (Fig. 2.3-1) you
need to specify a line support along the beams. The stiffness of the support
is defined in terms of displacement of the soil support per unit force
placed on unit length of the grade beam [lb/in2; kN/mm2; t/m2).
Obviously, the wider the grade beam, the stronger will be the resistance of
the supporting soil, since the larger contact area mobilizes a larger volume
of soil beneath the beam.

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FIGURE 2.3-1 STANDALONE AND INTEGRATED GRADE BEAMS

For example if the bulk modulus of the soil is 200 lb/in3, (0.06 N/mm3
units) and the width of the grade beam is 24 inch (600 mm), the resistance
of the soil per unit length of the beam to be specified is : 200x24 = 4,800
lb/in2 length of grade beam (0.06x600 = 36 N/mm2 length).

In the general case, you will use line spring tool with compression
stiffness in the vertical direction to model grade beam supports.

2.3.5 Line Springs

Line springs provide you with a more general support condition than the
simple support of a member on soil. The support provided by a line spring
can be resistance along one or more of the three principal directions, with
or without associated rotational stiffness. The stiffness provided along the

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length of a line spring is constant. Changes of stiffness along a line are

defined by several lines springs, each with its own stiffness.

2.3.6 Point Springs

These can provide translational or rotational restraints at one or more

directions, at one or more locations of your choice on the foundation
system. You identify the location of a point spring and specify its stiffness
along and about the three principal directions as part of your input data.

2.3.7 Point Supports

You can define a point support anywhere at a foundation system and

specify the type of fixity the selected location provides at the selected
location. The fixity can be translation along one or more of the principal
axes, and/or rotation about each. In addition to location on plan, you
define the location of the point support in the vertical direction.

2.3.8 Line Supports

A line support is a more general form of a support condition in which the

underlain soil can generally provide for a grade beam. You start by
defining the location and length of a line support. Then you specify the
type of support that you want the line to provide. This is carried out by
assigning restraints to the line support you have defined. The restraints can
be translation along one or more principal direction(s), and/or rotation
about one or more of the principal direction(s). The vertical location of the
line support can be below, above or any other height with respect of the
mat foundation.

2.3.9 Piles

Piles are used where the soil is considered inadequate in providing the
support needed for the superstructure. A pile-supported mat behaves
essentially the same as a column supported slab, since the mat and its load
are supported at discrete pile locations similar to a suspended slab
supported on columns. There is no design contribution of the soil below
the mat in providing resistance and is disregarded. Pile-supported mats can
be best modeled and designed using ADAPT-Floor Pro. When using
ADAPT-MAT each pile has to be modeled as a point spring having the
same stiffness properties as the pile it represents.

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2.3.10 Voids in Soil

Where there is no soil support below part of a foundation, such as a

foundation overhang of a light building along its perimeter due to loss of
moisture in soil, you do not define a soil support. Transfer of force
between a foundation and soil can take place only at the locations where
you define soil.

2.4 MATERIAL PROPERTIES

Each of the structural components specified, such as slab regions, grade beams,
and reinforcement have can be specified with its own material property. Structural
components of the same type, such as two columns can each have their own
different material properties. You define the properties of the materials to be used
in your model in the “Materials” pull-down menu and assign them to the
structural components you create.

2.5 LOADS

The complete library and options for definition of loads located in ADAPT-
Modeler applies to ADAPT-Floor Pro and ADAPT-MAT. Among many options,
you can define point loads, line loads and patch loads (distributed load over a
defined area) anywhere on the foundation slab. The loads you define can consist
of concentrated forces along each of the principal directions and moments applied
about each of the principal directions.

2.5.1 Load Cases

Each load you define is assigned to a “load case.” This will enable you to
group the loads that are associated with a common source. There is
essentially no limitation on the number of loads that you may define, nor
is there a limitation on the number of load cases. The program comes with
default load cases of DEAD, LIVE, and PRESTRESSING (when
ADAPT-MAT (PT) is used) along with several other pre-defined cases.
The mat self-weight is automatically accounted for and by default, is
included in load combinations for analysis.

2.5.2 Load Combinations

Depending on the building code you select, the program will automatically
generate the primary load combinations of the code. The user has the

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option to edit the default combinations and/or define additional load

combinations. There is practically no limit on the number of load
combinations you can define. In addition to reporting the outcome of each
load combination, the program has the ability to determine and report the
envelope of the analysis results of the load combinations you define.

2.6 BASE REINFORCEMENT

ADAPT-MAT allows the user to pre-define layers of reinforcement at any depth

in the slab. The reinforcement is referenced from the top or bottom of the slab
and the user is prompted to enter the cover from the top or bottom reference
plane. This is known as “base reinforcement” in the program. The reinforcement
can be in one or two orthogonal directions that you define. The program considers
base reinforcement in the analysis and design and reports the necessary
reinforcement in addition to pre-defined base reinforcement.

The base reinforcement you define, can be expressed in terms of (i) bars at given
spacing (regular mesh), or (ii) reinforcement areas per unit width of the slab, (iii)
or isolated single or spaced bars with given length, size and location, (iv) or a
combination of one or more of the above types. Different regions of the mat can
be assigned different reinforcement. In other words, you can define different mesh
reinforcement specifications for different regions in the mat.

2.7 POST-TENSIONING

ADAPT-MAT features the entire capability of prestressing options that is

available in ADAPT-Floor Pro. This includes full flexibility in defining tendon
layout, post-tensioning type (un-bonded or bonded), and stressing operations.
The ADAPT-Floor Pro User Manual, Chapter 5 contains a detailed description of
tendon modeling in the ADAPT-Builder platform.

2.8 ANALYSIS

Unlike the standard conditions of suspended slabs, the analysis of a mat

foundation can be an iterative process. Where there is likelihood of separation of
soil from the foundation mat, an iterative solution is required, in order to
determine the location and extent of soil/foundation separation.

The analysis process is initiated by assuming full contact of a mat with underlain
soil. During each iteration, the program eliminates the regions of the soil/mat
contact where uplift occurs, until full equilibrium of the entire structural system

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through transfer of compressive force between the mat and its underlain soil is
achieved. During each iteration, the program re-generates the stiffness matrix of
the structure, and obtains a solution. For this reason, and the fact that in such
conditions superposition of load cases does not apply, the analysis of mat
foundations with potential of uplift takes longer to achieve.

To reiterate, difference between the analysis of a mat foundation and an elevated

slab is that, where uplift occurs, the principle of superposition of solutions does
not apply, since each solution with uplift relates to a different structural boundary
condition of the structure.

Like ADAPT-Floor Pro, the outcome of the analysis is in the form of

displacements, forces and moments. When post-tensioning is present in a model,
the program will report stresses at the top and bottom fibers of the mat. ADAPT-
MAT (both RC and PT versions) generate and report the distribution of soil
pressure below the mat and grade beams.

FIGURE 2.8-1 EXAMPLE OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL PRESSURE BELOW A

MAT WITH FULL SOIL/MAT INTERFACE CONTACT

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(a) deflected shape (b) soil pressure

FIGURE 2.8-2 DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL PRESSURE

The example above shows, (a) the displacement of a foundation mat under a
central concentrated load and overturning moments on the walls, and (b) the uplift
(soil/foundation separation) at the tip of the walls due to the distribution of soil
pressure.

2.9 DESIGN

ADAPT-MAT carries out a design of the mat slab by performing code checks
prescriptive of the selected building code. Where required, the program
determines and reports reinforcement from the library of bar reinforcement as
defined by the user or bar sizes of your choice. The program checks both service
(SLS) and strength (ULS) requirements of the selected building code. The
reinforcement report of the program includes the quantity, position and length of
each bar in plan, ready to be used in a structural drawing. Where post-tensioning
is present, the program provides a detailed stress check as required prescriptive of
the selected building code. The stress checks can be reported both graphically
and in tabular format.

2.10 GENERATION OF DRAWINGS

The reinforcement plan generated automatically by the program can be readily

exported to either a DXF or DWG file format that can be used to combine with
the remainder of your work in a construction drawing.

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2.11 LINK WITH 3RD PARTY PROGRAMS AND ADAPT DATA EXCHANGE

f the foundation slab you design forms part of a multi-story building for which
you have developed an independent model in a commercially available program,
and you have the results of the loads from the superstructure, there are several
ways to facilitate the transfer of this information to ADAPT -MAT as applied
load.

• The common method is to simply enter the load in the program using
the loading toolbar. This is referred to commonly as the “manual”
method of input.
• Loads from other software can be formatted into the program’s data
exchange file and be imported to ADAPT-MAT. The program can
read and import loads, if the information is formatted according to
ADAPT’s Data Exchange File. Details of this file are given in Chapter
12 of the ADAPT-Floor Pro User Manual.
• ADAPT-MAT has the capability of importing solutions directly from
other commercially-available programs through use of the ADAPT-
Integration Console (IC). Through creation of input/output files, this
program creates a new ADAPT Data Exchange File that is imported to
ADAPT-MAT. In its current form, ADAPT-IC will import both
lateral and gravity forces per level. As is often the case with mat
foundations, the entire gravity load on a structure would be considered
in mat design along with lateral loads. There are current alternate
methods that can be used in a third-party program which will allow the
total gravity load to be imported to ADAPT-MAT. It is recommend to
consult with an ADAPT Technical Support Specialist for addition
information. support@[Link]

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Chapter 3

QUICK START

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3.1 OVERVIEW

This chapter includes a simple example as an introduction to the program. Once

you have reviewed the example in this chapter, it is recommended to review
Chapter 6, “Tutorial” for a step-by-step description of data generation and
design.

3.2 OPENING THE PROGRAM

• Open the program to display the splash window shown below. Select
“MAT” option, if not already selected. Click OK to open the main
program interface.

• A thorough description of the main graphical user interface (GUI) and

its menus and tools can be found in the ADAPT-Modeler & ADAPT-
Floor Pro User Manuals. You may refer to them, if needed. This
section describes the features that are unique to the ADAPT-MAT
program.
• Getting started, a description of commonly-used tools enabling the
creation of a model are described below:
• Create a grid providing a unique set of dimensions and guide us to
create the structure

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• Tools to build the mat, such as its geometry and other components
• Tools to view the geometry in three dimensions and facilitate
verification of modeling accuracy
• Tools to define the soil spring support below the mat
• Tools to apply loads on the mat
• Tools enabling the user to mesh and analyze the mat
• Tools used to view analysis results

We will introduce and invoke each of the tools listed above one after the other in
form of a quick start step-by-step guide.

3.3 QUICK START – STEP-BY-STEP

The purpose of this example is to show a step-by-step procedure to begin using

ADAPT-MAT in the modeling of a mat foundation.

3.3.1 Create a Grid

In the Snap toolbar, select the icon, Grid Settings and set the X and Y grid
spacing to the desired dimension.

3.3.2 Building the Model

Use the Build toolbar to insert structural

components such as slab regions, columns, walls, beams, openings, drop

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caps/panels, base reinforcement or to set the vertical plane dimensions

(story heights).

If the model is started with an import of a .dwg or .dxf file (see Section
3.2.1) you can use the Transform to Structural Components toolbar
, to transform closed polygons to structural
components. Both toolbars can also be located from the Build menu at the
top of screen.

Once a structural component is added, double-click on the any component

to modify the default dimension(s) of the component. After changes are
made to the component properties, make sure to select the green
checkmark for the changes to be updated and active.

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3.3.3 Viewing the Model

Once a model has been successfully built, where all necessary components
are added, it is important to validate the accuracy of the model. Doing so
will ensure that the model most closely represents the foundation system
being analyzed. To make a cursory view of the model in two or three-
dimensions, use the Camera and Viewports Mini toolbar
. The tools located here
allow you to view the model from different elevation and plan views. You
can also elect to view the structure as an isometric view. This is useful
when verifying more complex geometries and loading. The toolbar
contains several selections allowing you to pan, zoom, rotate and refresh
the view.

The View toolbar gives options to customize the

display and what components and loads are shown in the main interface.
One of the most commonly used tools is the Select/Set View Items
icon. When this button is activated, a menu of items will be shown
prompting the user to set those components and loads to be viewed along
with the option to display component or load ID’s, Dimensions (load
magnitude or moments), Labels or Symbols. The symbol size and font
height of text can also be modified.

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Any feature from either toolbar among other selections can be made from
View toolbar. Here you also have the option of turning off/on the view of
individual structural components. To do this, select View Structural
Entities and display or turn off the display of the desired component.

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3.3.4 Defining the Soil Support

Soil supports defined as point, line or area springs can be added to the
model from the FEM Supports and Spring Creation toolbar
. Once the supports have been added to a model, as is the
case with components, the user can double-click on the support to open
the support properties. In this dialogue window, the soil stiffness can be
changed from the default setting. Note also that line and point supports
with assumed infinite stiffness can be included in a mat foundation model.
These tools are located on the same toolbar.

The definition of supports can also be generated from the Build toolbar.
Select “Support” for point and line supports and “Spring/Soil Supports”
for supports with finite, user-defined stiffness.

3.3.5 Application of Loads

When a design code is selected from the

Criteria>General>Analysis/Design options menu, the program will
automatically generate multiple Strength and Service load combinations.
Each combination is composed of default load cases defined as Live, Dead
or PT (when post-tensioning is included in a model). See Section 2.4 for
additional information related to load case and load combination
generation.

The Loading toolbar contains several tools

used for the creation of point; line and area (patch) loads. Any type of
load can be added for any defined load case. Note that the user can add as
many load cases as desired in addition to those default cases created by the
program. The Patch and Line Load Wizard tools allow the user to easily
create loads for a selected region or slab boundary.

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Once a load has been generated, the magnitude or moment values

associated with the load type can be changed by double-clicking on the
loading symbol and changing the value in the load properties window.
The group assignment and load case can also be modified using the load
properties windows. To select a load to modify, it is helpful to view the
model in an isometric (top-front-right) view from the Camera and
Viewports Mini toolbar.

An alternate method for adding loads to a model is by using the Loading

menu. The option of modifying load cases and combinations and adding
loads to a structure is given in this menu.

To view loads, the Loading toolbar contains a Display Loads tab which
will toggle load display in the main interface. The Select/Set View Items
tab contains a rooted menu allowing the user to isolate the display of
both load cases and load types.

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3.3.6 Mesh and Analyze

Once the model has been built with components, supports and loads, the
model can be meshed and analyzed for a solution. To mesh the structure
open the FEM Process toolbar and select
Automatic Mesh Generation tab. A dialogue window will appear
prompting the user to select a mesh and node consolidation dimension.
The default values are set to 3 ft and 1.5 ft. The recommend mesh size is
typically between 3-4 times slab thickness and the recommend node
consolidation dimension is between 2-3 times slab thicknesses. After
meshing the structure, the model can by analyzed by selecting the Analyze
Structure tab.

The FEM menu also contains the functions required to mesh and analyze
the slab.

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3.3.7 Viewing Analysis Results

After the general model analysis has been completed, the analysis results
can be viewed graphically and in report format. For a cursory review of
results after the first analysis, it is recommended to view the results
graphically. From the FEM Process toolbar ,
select the View Results tool to open the ADViewer module.

At the left-hand edge of the ADViewer module, the user can select the
Result type (e.g. Deformations, Slab Actions, Soil Pressure, etc.) along
with the load combination for which the results type is to be viewed. The
individual structural and analysis components and component groups can
be displayed from the same menu.

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A thorough description of the tools located in ADViewer can be found in

Chapter 9 of the ADAPT-Floor Pro User Manual. These tools are equally
applicable to ADAPT-MAT as well as ADAPT-Floor Pro and are
universal to the ADAPT-Builder Platform. It is recommended for the user
to use this document in conjunction with the ADAPT-MAT User Manual
when beginning use of the program and as a ready reference.

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Chapter 4

USER INTERFACE

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4.1 OVERVIEW OF ADAPT-BUILDER PLATFORM

Developed from the ground up with ADAPT Building Information Modeling

(BIM) Technology, the ADAPT-Builder Platform is a collection of fully
integrated design and analysis tools for concrete floor systems, foundations, and
beam structures, whether with or without post-tensioning. The solution's intuitive
and easy-to-use 3D component modeling capabilities allow you to quickly model
any structure. In addition, the Builder Platform is the industry's only solution that
gives you the flexibility to analyze 3D structural models using either the Finite
Element Method (FEM) or the Equivalent Frame Method (EFM). Specialized
design tools for concrete beam frames, one-way or column-supported flat slabs,
parking structures, mat foundations, ground-supported slabs, and built-in building
codes (e.g., American, Canadian, British, European, and Australian), ADAPT's
Builder allows for a streamlined workflow.

FIGURE 4.1-1 ADAPT BUILDER EXPRESS WORKFLOW

4.2 ADAPT-BUILDER INITIAL SCREEN

ADAPT-Builder is a general platform which contains ADAPT-MAT for the

design of mat foundations. While opening the program, the user can choose the
configuration as required in the particular project. ADAPT- Builder’s initial
screen is shown in the Figure 4.2-1. As a basic interface of the program Modeler
will remain ON under Structural Modeling area.

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Chapter 4 USER INTERFACE

Then user can select the Structure Type, and choose among the following:

• Elevated Floor Systems, Beam Frames, Grid Frames (FLOOR PRO)

• Mat/Raft Foundation, Grade Beams (MAT)
• Post-Tensioned Slab-On-Ground (SOG)

Select ADAPT-MAT for the design and analysis of a mat foundation system. To
design conventional reinforced concrete structure, select RC Only under Design
Scope. To design a post-tensioned concrete structure, select RC and PT.

FIGURE 4.2-1 ADAPT BUILDER INITIAL SCREEN

The Extension modules included in ADAPT-Builder are Dynamic Rebar Design

(DRD) and the Post-tensioning Fabrication (Shop) Drawing module. A detailed
description of each module is given in the ADAPT-Floor Pro User Manual.

Under Import/Export loading/geometry area, program gives the choice to turn on

other 3rd party general structural analysis or modeling solutions from which user
can import geometry and/or loading.

Finally one needs to specify the System of units. SI, US or MKS can be selected
in the program. Upon clicking on OK, it will open ADAPT-MAT environment.

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 USER INTERFACE Chapter 4

4.3 ADAPT-MODELER MAIN SCREEN

Fig. 4.3-1 shows the full-screen display of the ADAPT-Modeler program in MAT
mode, with typical features labeled for easy identification.

FIGURE 4.3-1 ADAPT MODELER MAIN SCREEN IN MAT MODE

ADAPT-Modeler operates the same way as other Windows programs. All

program tools are accessed from one of the toolbars provided by the program or
through the menus provided in the menu bar at the top of the screen. Toolbars
may be opened, closed, “docked” to the edge of the screen or dragged to any
position on the screen as View menu item. Tools can also be accessed by clicking
the right mouse button while the cursor is in the Menu Bar or Toolbar areas of the
screen.

The User Information Bar displays tool-specific information and any coordinate
values that may be typed by the user for specific program procedures. The Status
Bar displays such information as the mouse cursor coordinates (location), current
unit system, snapping status, and gridline spacing and status. A short description
of each specific tool also appears in this area when the mouse cursor is placed
over the corresponding tool button.

4.4 MOUSE FUNCTION AND OPERATION

The primary function of the mouse is through its left-click. Depending on the
mode of the program, as outlined in the next section, the left-click will result in

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Chapter 4 USER INTERFACE

selecting the entity below the cursor, inserting an entity or performing an

operation at the location of the cursor.

The right-click of the mouse with cursor on the display portion of the screen will
display the window shown in Fig. 4.4-1.

FIGURE 4.4-1 RIGHT-CLICK OPTIONS OF THE MOUSE

Click on a menu item listed to perform the operation described. If you right-click
the mouse while the cursor is outside the display screen, a list of all available
toolbars appears. From this list, you can select the toolbars you want to display.

4.5 TOOLS SPECIFIC TO ADAPT-MAT

In general, the tools contained in the ADAPT-Builder platform are universal to

each unique program including ADAPT-MAT, SOG and Floor Pro. A
description of the most commonly used toolbars is provided later in this section.
The ADAPT-Modeler User Manual contains detailed descriptions of all toolbars
and menus located in the program, general operations of the program and
functions of the main menu. The understanding of these functions is inherent to
ADAPT-MAT and it is intended that those features described in the ADAPT-
Modeler User Manual are inclusive of ADAPT-MAT. It is recommended that
users familiarize themselves with this document and information pertinent to the
general use of the ADAPT-Builder platform.

ADAPT-MAT contains some unique functions specific to soil-supported

foundations and the modeling thereof. The main difference in modeling a
foundation slab in ADAPT-MAT as compared to an elevated slab in ADAPT-
Floor Pro is the definition and application of an area soil spring, line spring or
point spring as supports below the slab and/or grade beams. See Section 2.2 for a
more detailed description of each support type available in ADAPT-MAT. All
vertical components are, by default, modeled above the reference plane (or top of)

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 USER INTERFACE Chapter 4

the slab level. In ADAPT-MAT, the user only has the option to create offsets for
components modeled above as shown in Figure 4.5-1.

FIGURE 4.5-1 VERTICAL OFFSET OPTIONS IN ADAPT-MAT

In the reporting of slab actions, ADAPT-MAT reports “Soil Pressure” as a slab

action from FEM>View Results (ADViewer). Also note that the option to active
the vibration module in ADAPT-Builder is not active when ADAPT-MAT is
used. This is typically activated from CRITERIA>Analysis/Design Options and
combinations input from FEM>Vibration.

4.6 GENERAL TOOLBARS

4.6.1 Transform to Structural Components Toolbar

You will use this tool if you start with a DWG or DXF file, and plan to
convert the items shown on the drawing to Structural Components for
your model.

FIGURE 4.6-1 TRANSFORM TO STRUCTURAL

COMPONENT TOOLBAR

Once you import a DWG or DXF drawing, your first choice is to

transform the items on the imported drawing directly to structural model.
The items shown on the imported drawing are simply lines (graphics). The
process of conversion is to (1) pick an item on the drawing, such as a

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Chapter 4 USER INTERFACE

column, and (2) click on the associated structural component tool

(Transform to Column), in order to convert it to a structural component.

Transform Polygon Only items that are in form of a closed polygon

can be picked and converted directly into structural components. Not
every column or opening in the imported structural drawing is drawn as a
closed polygon.

Transform Slab Region. This button is used to transform a polygon

(closed polyline) to a slab region. The tool operates in the same manner as
the Transform Column tool.

Transform Column. This tool is used to transform a rectangle

(polygon) or circle to a column. To transform a (polygon) rectangle into a
column do the following:

o Select one or more rectangles that are made up of polygons.

o Click on the Transform Column tool. All selected entities
will be transformed into columns with the same dimensions as
the rectangle or circle.

Transform Wall. This button is used to transform a rectangle (closed

polyline) into a wall. The tool operates in the same manner as the
Transform Column tool.

Transform into Several Walls. When a polygon represents two or

more intersecting walls, this button is used to transform it into several
individual walls, each having a rectangular cross-section. In the analysis,
however, the program treats the walls integrated into one along their
common vertical joints. The tool operates in the same manner as the
Transform Column tool.

Transform Drop Cap/Panel. This button is used to transform a

rectangle (closed polyline) into a drop cap. The tool operates in the same
manner as the Transform Column tool.

Transform Beam. This button is used to transform a polygon (closed

polyline) into a beam. The tool operates in the same manner as the
Transform Column tool.

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 USER INTERFACE Chapter 4

Transform Opening. This button is used to transform a polygon (closed

polyline) into an opening. The tool operates in the same manner as the
Transform Column tool.

4.6.2 Selection Toolbar

This toolbar contains all tools related to selecting specific elements,

objects and structural components in the model. Each tool is described
below.

FIGURE 4.6-2 SELECTION TOOLBAR

Hint Mode. When activated, the arrow displays the identification of the
entities to which it points. In this mode you cannot select an entity by
clicking on it.

Window Selection. When this tool is highlighted, the Pick/Select mode

is active. You can select an entity by clicking on it or a group of entities
by opening a window around the items while the left mouse key is held
down.

Double-clicking on an entity opens its properties dialog box.

Lasso Selection. This tool allows you to draw an arbitrary polygon

around a series of entities. When the lasso is closed, all entities located
within or along the lasso perimeter are selected. To use this tool, do the
following:

o Click on the Lasso Selection tool.

o Draw segments of the polygon around the entities to be
selected.
o Press C to close the lasso. The entities inside the lasso are
selected automatically.

Path Selection. With this tool you can select entities by drawing a
polyline through them. To use this tool, do the following:

o Click on the Path Selection tool.

o Draw polyline through the entities to be selected.

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Chapter 4 USER INTERFACE

o Press C to end the line. The entities through which the line
passes will be selected automatically.

Select by Layer. This tool enables you to select all the entities on a
specific layer of the drawing. To use the tool, do the following:

o Click on the Select by Layer tool. The dialog box shown in

Figure 4.6-3 will open.
o Select a layer from the list. If more than one layer is to be
selected, hold down the Ctrl key while selecting from the list.
o Choose the selection type from the check boxes at the bottom
of the dialog box and press OK. The items on the layers chosen
from the list will be selected, or removed from selection,
depending on the option chosen.

FIGURE 4.6-3 SELECT LAYERS DIALOG WINDOW

Select by Type. This button is used to open a dialog box (Figure 4.6-4)
in which one or more component types can be selected as a group. For
example, all columns or all support lines can be selected at once. To use
the tool, do the following:

o Click on the Select by Type tool. The dialog box below will
open.
o Select an entity type from the list. If more than one type is to
be selected, hold down the Ctrl key while selecting from the
list.
o Choose the selection criteria from the check boxes at the
bottom of the dialog box and press OK. Entities of the type

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 USER INTERFACE Chapter 4

chosen in the list will be selected, or removed from selection,

depending on the option chosen.

FIGURE 4.6-4 SELECT BY TYPE DIALOG

Select All. This tool selects all the entities visible on the screen.

Move Selection. This tool enables you to move the entire group of
entities that are currently selected. Pick a vertex of one of the entities

Move Selected Point. With this tool you can move only the vertex of
an entity to a new location, while the positions of the remainder of the
entity’s vertices remain unchanged. Select the entity first. Then pick the
vertex you wish to move. Drag it to the new location. The selected vertex
will move independently; all other vertices will remain in their original
location.

Delete Point. This tool deletes the currently selected vertex of an

entity.

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Chapter 4 USER INTERFACE

Insert Vertex. This tool is used to insert an additional vertex into an

entity that contains multiple insertion points. The new vertex is placed
between the selected vertex and the previous vertex. If the first vertex is
chosen, then the new vertex is added at this end. To add a vertex, do the
following:

o Select the entity.

o Click on the Insert Vertex tool.
o Click on one of the entities’ vertices. Another vertex will be
added to the entity, adjacent to the selected vertex.

Item’s Properties (Alt + Enter). This tool opens up the Properties

dialog box for the selected entity. The properties may then be edited, as
specified in other parts of this manual.

Group Selection. This tool creates a block containing all entities

currently selected. The block may then be dragged as one unit across the
screen.

Explode Block. This tool breaks down a previously created block into
its component. It also works with blocks of imported DWG or DXF files.

4.6.3 Camera and Viewports Toolbar

FIGURE 4.6-5 CAMERA AND VIEWPORTS TOOLBAR

This toolbar is used to display different views of the model, zoom in or

out, pan and show multiple port views of the structure. The tools on the
toolbar are self-explanatory. The hint text associated with each tool
provides additional information. The following describes several of the
less commonly used tools.

Redraw. This button clears and then re-draws the entire display.

The following buttons display the model from different angles.

Top View

Left View

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Front View

Top-Front-Right View, this shows isometric view of the model

Other tools are:

Zoom Window

Zoom Extents

Zoom In

Zoom Out

Dynamic Zoom

Dynamic Pan

Undo Zoom / Pan

Redo Zoom / Pan

Single Viewport

Two Vertical Viewports

4.6.4 Settings Toolbar

FIGURE 4.6-6 SETTING TOOLBAR

This toolbar is used to set up the Universal Coordinate System, line types,
colors and layers in the program. The settings are also accessed from the
Settings menu.

Layer Setting. The color and line settings for each layer can also be
modified in this window.

Line Style Setting. Click on this tool to open a list of the available line
styles and descriptions. Select the line style of your choice.

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Colors Setting. This tool opens a color palette, from which you can
select background of the modeling window.

Display WCS. This toggle tool displays or hides the World Coordinate
System icon at its real position in (0,0,0).

4.6.5 Snap Toolbar

FIGURE 4.6-7 SNAP TOOLBAR

This toolbar contains all the snapping tools of the program. To snap to an
entity, the mouse must be in Select/Pick mode, and you must bring the
cursor close to the location where you will snap the entity.

Snap to Endpoint

Snap to Midpoint

Snap to Center

Snap to Intersection

Snap to Perpendicular. This tool forces the mouse cursor to snap to a

target entity, such that the entity being created will be positioned
perpendicular to its target.

Snap to Nearest

Snap to Grid. This tool forces the mouse cursor to snap to the nearest
grid point.

Grid Settings. This tool opens the Grid Settings dialog box where grid
spacing, angle and other parameters can be set.

Snap Settings. This tool opens the Snap Settings dialog box, where all
snapping features may be selected or deselected.

Snap to Vertices of a Component. Using the previously described

tools, you will not be able to snap arbitrarily to the vertices or edges of
structural components, such as a beam. Since a structural component that

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is displayed as solid is defined by its insertion points, the insertion points

will not necessarily be the vertices or edges of the entity. By clicking on
the above tool, you can make the vertices and edges of all the structural
components of your project capable of being snapped to.

Note: Caution should be used when working with this tool. In order for
a structural component to be correctly accounted for, in most
instances it must be connected to other structural components through
its insertion point. That is to say, the components must snap together
at their insertion points.

Create/Draw Orthogonal. This tool forces the entity being drawn or

created to be positioned along either the X-axis or Y-axis.

4.6.6 Model/Design Strips Toolbar

FIGURE 4.6-8 MODEL/DESIGN STRIPS TOOLBAR

Generate Design Strips. This button is used to create the design strips
automatically. It concludes by generating as many design strips as support
lines created by you, taking into account the splitters that you may have
used, in order to impose your preferences.

Discard Strips Modeled. This tool erases the data of the last
automatically generated design strip calculations, but retains all the
information that you entered manually, such as support lines and splitters.
This tool is generally used when you decide to modify design strips
calculated by the program.

Display Strip X

Display Strip Y

4.6.7 Modeling Toolbar

FIGURE 4.6-9 MODELING TOOLBAR

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The first three tools of this toolbar deal specifically with the creation of
design strips. The remainder helps you to improve or correct your work.
For the purpose of this workshop, only the first three tools will be
reviewed.

Support Line. You use this tool to create a new support line manually.
In most instances the second tool (Support Line Wizard) will be simpler
and faster to use. Generally, it is recommended to use the Support Line
Wizard and edit the support line it creates, if needed.

Support Line Wizard. This tool creates a support line automatically.

The support line wizard automatically generates a support line in the
direction that you specify. The wizard searches for possible supports over
a strip specified by the band width you define. The wizard detects slab
edges, column ends; wall ends and wall center lines that are located within
the band you define. Once it creates a support line and displays it on the
screen, you will be able to edit it, if needed. In most cases, it is simpler to
use the wizard and edit its support line automatically than to create one
manually.

Splitters. Splitters are used to delineate a separation in the slab. You

can use them to identify the boundary of a region that you wish to consider
in your design. Also, they can be used to identify the boundaries of a
design strip tributary. They have other important and useful functions too.
Each splitter is associated with the design intended for one of the
orthogonal directions, referred to as X- or Y-directions. It is defined
according to the strip direction the splitter is meant to affect. Each splitter
affects strips in one specified direction at a time. Therefore, separate
splitters should be drawn for each direction. For example, if a splitter is
intended to affect the strips in the X-direction, draw the splitter in the X-
direction.

4.6.8 Modeling Toolbar (extended)

FIGURE 4.6-10 MODELING TOOLBAR

The first three tools of this toolbar deal specifically with the creation of
design strips. The remainder helps you to improve or correct your work.

Support Line. You use this tool to create a new support line manually.
In most instances the second tool (Support Line Wizard) will be simpler

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and faster to use. Generally, it is recommended to use the Support Line

Wizard and edit the support line it creates, if needed.

Support Line Wizard. This tool creates a support line automatically.

The support line wizard automatically generates a support line in the
direction that you specify. The wizard searches for possible supports over
a strip specified by the band width you define. The wizard detects slab
edges, column ends; wall ends and wall center lines that are located within
the band you define. Once it creates a support line and displays it on the
screen, you will be able to edit it, if needed. In most cases, it is simpler to
use the wizard and edit its support line automatically than to create one
manually.

Splitter. This tool creates a new splitter. Splitters are used to delineate
a separation in the slab. You can use them to identify the boundary of a
region that you wish to consider in your design. Also, they can be used to
identify the boundaries of a design strip tributary. They have other
important and useful functions too. Each splitter is associated with the
design intended for one of the orthogonal directions, referred to as X- or
Y-directions. It is defined according to the strip direction the splitter is
meant to affect. Each splitter affects strips in one specified direction at a
time. Therefore, separate splitters should be drawn for each direction. For
example, if a splitter is intended to affect the strips in the X-direction,
draw the splitter in the X-direction.

Strip Method Load Transfer (Specific to ADAPT-PT and ADAPT-

RC). When a support line is designed to rest on another support line in the
orthogonal direction and transfer its load to the supporting line, there is no
physical support such as a column or wall at the intersection. The
reinforcement in the slab or post-tensioning is designed to carry the load
of the support recipient support line. In modeling for strip method, you
must mark the location, where a support line is shedding load without the
presence of a supporting wall or column.

Connect Drop Caps to Columns. This tool is used to connect all

existing drop cap endpoint with the endpoint of the column. The center
point of the drop cap is moved to the center point of the column. The
connection of column and cap makes sure that the complete cross-
sectional area is taken into account at the support. The resulting offset is
automatically calculated.

Connect Support Lines to Columns and Walls. Use this tool to

connect the existing support lines to walls and columns. Support lines
have to be connected to the endpoint of a column or the both endpoints of
a wall to account for them fully in the design stage of your work.

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Connect Beams to Columns and Walls. This tool establishes the

snapping connection between all existing beams and adjacent walls or
columns, where beam ends are adjacent to a support but are not snapped to
it. While the program can handle a beam that terminates short of a column,
for proper treatment of beams that are connected to columns you should
use the Snap option. This tool will search for such instances in your model
and will establish the connection.

Support Lines Extension. This tool extends all existing support lines
to the edges of the slab. Use this tool if you created a support line
manually, as it is likely you missed snapping its ends to the slab edges. If
the distance of the support line end to a slab edge is more than the
program’s tolerance, you must do the connection manually.

Align Structural Components. This tool improves the quality of your

modeling. You can automatically adjust the location of a wall or column
that you have drawn to line up with the face of slab.

4.6.9 Support Line/Results Scale Toolbar

FIGURE 4.6-11 SUPPORT LINE/RESULTS SCALE TOOLBAR

Design results can be viewed graphically by using this toolbar. Results for
actions, stresses, precompression, balanced loading, deflection and
punching shear can be viewed graphically in the main screen.

Display Graphically. Select this button to display those results for

each support line that are selected in the “Results Display Settings”
window.

Display Design Sections. Click this button to display the design

sections for all support lines. As soon as this button is selected, a
floating toolbar is displayed that allows you to toggle between the
display of support lines in the X and Y direction.

Scale Down Values. Use this button to scale down values for any
curves that are displayed along the support lines.

Default Scale Values. In case where curves are displayed and the
maxima are too large to fit, use this button to scale the curves back to a
default scale. Scale Up Values. Use this button to scale up values of
any curves that are displayed along the support lines.

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Scale Up Values. Use this button to scale up values of any curves that
are displayed along the support lines.

Perpendicular Projection. By default, all curves are displayed

perpendicular to the slab surface. Select this button to flip the curves
into the XY plane. Numerical Display. Select this button to display the
result values for each design section along the support lines.

Numerical Display. Select this button to display the result values for
each design section along the support lines.

Display Min/Max Values. Click this button to only display the

minimum and maximum result values along the support lines.

Result Display Settings. Select this button to open the “Result

Display Settings” window.

Display Punching Shear Design Outcome. Once you have executed

the punching shear design, the results can be reviewed in the model by
clicking on this button.

4.6.10 Reinforcement Toolbar

FIGURE 4.6-12 REINFORCEMENT TOOLBAR

Generate Rebar Drawing. This tool creates/refreshes the generation

of rebar drawing.

Open Rebar Display Options. The dialog window gives you full
control over the display of reinforcement.

Display/Hide Rebar. This is simply a toggle switch to turn the display

of the entire reinforcement on the plan on or off.

Create Banded Rebar. This tool is used to create banded rebar by

specifying two unique points.

Create Distributed Rebar. This tool is used to created distributed

rebar by specifying the rebar location as well as the range.

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Create Mesh Reinforcement. This tool enables you to specify a wire

mesh fabric or rebar layout over one or several areas of the floor
system.

Mesh Rebar Wizard. The wizard lets you define a mesh

reinforcement over a specific region of slab that you select.

Beam Rebar. Brings up a window where you can specify the

minimum bars that will be used in beams.

4.6.11 Cursor Function and Operation

Depending on the cursor mode, the program responds differently. Before

starting an operation, it is important to make sure that the cursor is in the
appropriate mode.

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Shape Mode Description

Selection/Pick In this mode, you can select an entity displayed

on the screen by placing the cross over it and left-
clicking the mouse. Once an entity is selected, its
color changes.
There are two ways to enable Selection/Pick
mode:
- Right-click the mouse, and select Exit
- Click on Selection/Pick Tool
Hint In this mode, the program displays the
identification of an entity that the point of the
arrow touches. To change to this mode, click on
the Hint Mode Tool
Creation In this mode, the program will create an entity,
such as a line, column or slab. Place the cross at
the location where you want the entity to be
created and left-click the mouse. Detailed
instruction for creation of each entity will be
prompted on the User Information Bar at the
bottom of the screen.

To enable Creation Mode, left-click the mouse on

the tool of the entity you intend to create. Then
follow the instructions at the bottom of the
screen.
Snap In this mode, the magnet indicates that the cursor
is in Snap Mode and is searching to snap onto an
entity. The cursor will search for one or more
entities. Once the cursor becomes close to any of
the entities or conditions it is searching for, it will
display a yellow sign over the location to be
snapped. The shape of the yellow sign displayed
identifies the entity for snapping.
Undefined In this mode, the program can be requested to
create an entity, although the plane on which the
entity is to be created is not displayed. You must
Creation
change the screen view (go to Plan View, if you
are in Elevation) before you can create the entity
in mind.

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5.1 OVERVIEW

This section outlines detailed steps to follow in designing a conventionally

reinforced or post-tensioned mat foundation, using ADAPT-MAT. It is assumed
that those steps pertaining to post-tensioning do not apply if the mat being
designed is conventionally reinforced. Depending on whether you already have
an electronic file of the mat geometry or not and whether you are familiar with
AutoCAD or not there are different options available to you. Refer to the flow
chart and the text that follows for the details.

5.2 DESIGN PROCEDURE

The following steps are intended for completion of a full analysis and design of a
mat foundation. The items listed here are discussed in greater detail in the
ADAPT-Modeler User Manual.

The suggested steps for the analysis and design of a mat foundation are:

• Creation of the structural model

• Define the soil support conditions
• Validate the structural model by use of the tools for viewing analysis
results
• Complete and finalize input data
• Perform analysis
• Prepare
• Design
• Generate structural drawings
• Generate structural calculation reports

5.2.1 Create the Structural Model

Use one of the following options to create your structural model

o Import an AUTOCAD file of the model (DXF or DWG) and

convert it to structural model by transformation.

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Chapter 5 MODELING AND DESIGN PROCESS

o Define the foundation slab and loading, using the Build and
Loading tools of the program. This is also referred to as
“manual” generation of a model.
o Import geometry and load on the model from a multi-story
analysis program, such as ETABS, or other programs
supported by ADAPT-Builder platform.
o Use the generic data exchange file format of the program to
create and import the geometry of the foundation mat.

The common and more accurate method for the generation of geometry of
your structural model from the first option above, that is, importing an
AUTOCAD file, since most of the commercially available multi-story
software does not model the complex foundation geometry with adequate
degree of accuracy.

5.2.2 Define Soil Support Conditions

Define the location and properties of the soil support, piles and rock
anchors, if any.

5.2.3 Validate the Structural Model

In this step you determine whether the structural model of the foundation
slab you have generated and its support conditions are indeed a faithful
representation of your requirements, before proceeding with detailed
analysis and design. The steps are:

o Mesh the structure

o Analyze the structure for an arbitrary concentrated load in the
central region of the mat and/or self-weight
o View the deflected shape of the structure under self-weight and
determine if the results look reasonable in shape and magnitude
based on engineering experience and judgment.

5.2.4 Complete and Finalize Input Data

o Add post-tensioning tendons as required, if the structure is

post-tensioned.

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 MODELING AND DESIGN PROCESS Chapter 5

o Review and finalize the design criteria including material

properties, analysis/design options, reinforcing bar selections
and design code.
o Specify reinforcement mesh to be included in your design, if
any.
o Define additional load cases or loads if necessary.
o View the program-generated load combinations and edit if
necessary.

5.2.5 Perform Analysis

o Analyze the structure

5.2.6 Prepare to Design

o Create support lines

o Generate design sections automatically
o Review the generated design strips. If necessary, modify the
support lines and use splitters to refine the design strips
created. Conclude your modifications with a re-creation of
automatically generated design strips and sections.

5.2.7 Validate the Code Compliance of the Design

If the foundation system is not pre-stressed, the program automatically

provides the adequate amount of reinforcement, where necessary, to meet
the requirements of the design code you have selected for Strength and
Serviceability.

For pre-stressed foundations, in addition to the reinforcement

requirements, the computed stresses must not exceed the code specified
threshold. If this condition is not satisfied, the program shows the design
sections with dashed lines in purple. At this stage, you must either modify
the post-tensioning you have specified, or change other parameters of the
foundation, such as thickness and redo the analysis and design. This
process continues, until the solution is acceptable and code-specified stress
limits are met. To summarize:

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Chapter 5 MODELING AND DESIGN PROCESS

o View the outcome of code check for design sections in X-

direction, followed by an examination of the same for design
sections in Y-direction.
o If there are no purple (dashed) lines the requirements of the
building code you selected is satisfied.
o If there are purple (dashed) lines, the code requirements have
not been met; investigate and modify the slab until a solution is
acceptable.
o Execute the punching shear check – if applicable.
o View the punching shear stress check on the screen, to
ascertain that the calculated stresses do not exceed the
maximum allowed by code. The program automatically reports
these locations to you on the screen with red color and a coded
note.

5.2.8 Generate Structural Drawings

The program provides you with the option to generate structural drawings
with detailed reinforcement and post-tensioning (when applicable)
information for construction. These tools are described in greater detail in
Chapter 10 of the ADAPT-Floor Pro User Manual. The information
contained in this reference applies equally to ADAPT-MAT and ADAPT-
Floor Pro as part of the ADAPT-Builder platform.

o For an expeditious outcome of your design, use the “rebar

generation” tool to view rebar along design strips in the X and
Y directions. The program will show required, enveloped
reinforcing for the top and bottom of the slab and/or beams.
o Review the generated reinforcing and edit the size, orientation,
number and length of the bars, if needed.
o Add any reinforcement that you consider necessary to complete
the detailing of the structure.
o View/modify the font size and line properties of the drawing
suitable for the size of drawing file (.DWG) that will be
exported to a CAD format.
o Export the drawing to AUTOCAD for production.

5.2.9 Generate Structural Calculation Reports

Refer to Chapter 11 of the ADAPT-Floor Pro User Manual. This

document contains a detailed explanation of Reports that can be produced

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 MODELING AND DESIGN PROCESS Chapter 5

by both ADAPT-MAT and ADAPT-Floor Pro along with a sample report.

Using this as a guide or reference, prepare a similar report for your
project.

FLOW CHART FOR DESIGN OF MAT (RAFT) FOUNDATION

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ADAPT-MAT 2010 RC TUTORIAL (US units) Chapter 6

Chapter 6

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 ADAPT-MAT 2010 RC TUTORIAL (US units) Chapter 6

6.1 OVERVIEW

This tutorial package is tailored to the needs of design engineers who are seeking
to become familiar with the latest developments in design of reinforced concrete
MAT /RAFT (foundation slab consisting of extended layers of concrete and usual
resting on soft ground) systems. The tutorial covers, in detail, the process of
designing reinforced concrete (RC) MAT foundation using the ADAPT-Builder
suite of software with focus on ADAPT-Modeler & ADAPT-MAT. Long
regarded as a difficult engineering challenge, designing concrete floor systems is
greatly simplified with ADAPT-Builder, which provides significant efficiencies
throughout the design process. This tutorial is broken into several sessions, which
would likely to take four hours in total.

This tutorial uses the following programs of the ADAPT-Builder Design Suite:

• ADAPT-Modeler® 2009 or later

• ADAPT-MAT® 2009 or later
• ADAPT-Dynamic Rebar Design™ Extension Module

Contact ADAPT at support@[Link] if you need additional information.

6.2 INTRODUCTION

This tutorial walks you through the complete modelling, analysis, design and
detailing of a reinforced concrete mat/raft system. It covers the procedure to
import a 2D drawing file and transforming it to the required model. During
loading procedure we will use efficient options available inside ADAPT Modeler
environment.

The tutorial concludes with the construction drawing showing general

arrangements, structural calculation reports and the non-pre-stressed
reinforcement. Along the way, the tutorial will cover more advanced modelling
and analysis topics within ADAPT-MAT.

The tutorial is broken down into a number of sessions, each intended to guide you
through a specific aspect of design. The material that follows is intended for a
user that has some basic familiarity with ADAPT-Builder. The step-by-step
procedures outlined in each section do not contain all intermediate steps.

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 ADAPT-MAT 2010 RC TUTORIAL (US units) Chapter 6

The raft/mat system selected for the tutorial is specifically developed, to

demonstrate salient steps of RC MAT foundation design using ADAPT Builder
Environment. Its overall dimensions are approximately 164 x 90 feet. The project
data for this tutorial has been generated in US units.

This tutorial is based on ACI 2008 (including provisions from IBC 2009).
However where the code is mute provisions from TR 43, Canadian and other
building codes are referred. However note that the bulk of material presented in
this tutorial applies to the majority of building codes included in the software,
such as EC2, IS, Australian, Canadian and BS8110. Items such as allowable
stresses, load combinations and associated factors will change depending on the
code you wish to use for future designs.

6.3 DESIGN SCOPE AND CRITERIA

6.3.1 Structural Layout

This outlines the criteria to be used for the structural engineering design of
a typical mat system (Fig. 6.3-1) of the subject matter project.

FIGURE 6.3-1 TYPICAL REINFORCE CONCRETE MAT SYSTEM

The concrete outline and the general structural plan with key dimensions
are shown below:

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 ADAPT-MAT 2010 RC TUTORIAL (US units) Chapter 6

FIGURE 6.3-2 GENERAL STRUCTURAL PLAN (US)

6.3.2 Material Properties

Concrete:

Weight = 150 pcf

Cylinder Strength (f’c) at 28 days = 4000 psi (slab);
5000 psi (column & wall)
Creep Coefficient =2

Non-pre-stressed Reinforcement:

Yield Strength = 60 ksi

Modulus of Elasticity = 30,000 ksi

Soil:

Allowable Long Term Pressure = 2000 psf

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 ADAPT-MAT 2010 RC TUTORIAL (US units) Chapter 6

6.3.3 Applicable Codes

The design is based on ACI318-08/IBC 2009.

6.3.4 Structural Documents

The final design should include following:

o Structural Calculation
o General Arrangement Drawings
o Loading Plans
o Design Section Report
o Rebar required and provided at all locations
o Design Section Capacity

6.3.5 Design Loads

[Link] Dead Load

Self weight = based on volume

Superimposed Dead Load = 0.04 ksf on the entire raft
Line Load along the walls = 1.37 kip/ft along edge walls
= 1.7 kip/ft along other walls
Point Load (Column Reactions) = 56.2 kip downward axial
load
= 18 kip along major axis
= 9 kip along minor axis

[Link] Live Load

Uniformly Distributed = 0.21 ksf

No lateral loading and any other loadings are not considered in

this tutorial model. However one may refer to the other tutorial
for further clarification.

6.3.6 Load Combinations and Stresses

The parts and factors of the program’s automatically generated load cases
and load combinations are listed below. All combinations follow ACI 318
and IBC 2009 stipulations.

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 ADAPT-MAT 2010 RC TUTORIAL (US units) Chapter 6

[Link] Strength Load Combinations

The strength requirement for each member is established using

the following factored load combinations:

Only for Dead Load:

U = 1.40 x Selfweight + 1.40 x Dead load

For Dead and Live Load:

U = 1.20 x Selfweight + 1.20 x Dead load + 1.60 x Live load

[Link] Serviceability Load Combinations

Load Combinations for Serviceability Check:

Sustained in-service load combination (stress check)

U = 1.00 x Selfweight + 1.00 x Dead load + 0.30 x Live load

Total in-service load combination (stress check)

U = 1.00 x Selfweight + 1.00 x Dead load + 1.00 x Live load

[Link] Initial Load Combinations

Load Combinations for Initial staged check:

U = 1.00 x Selfweight

6.3.7 Deflections

The deflections will be calculated for both uncracked (gross moment of

inertia) and cracked (effective moment of inertia). Long-term deflections
are estimated using a creep coefficient of 2.

For the mat foundation the maximum deflections are maintained below the
following values with the understanding that the structure is not attached
to nonstructural elements likely to be damaged by large deflections of the
slab:

Maximum allowable total long term deflection = L/240

Maximum allowable live load deflection = L/360

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 ADAPT-MAT 2010 RC TUTORIAL (US units) Chapter 6

Where, L = length of clear span.

Hence, Load combination for long-term deflection due to creep and the
instantaneous action of live load:

U = 3.00 X Dead load + 1.00 x Live load

Load combination for checking deflection under live load:

U = 1.00 Live Load

6.3.8 Cover

Mild Reinforcement clear covers for the Raft are given below:

Cover to top bars = 1.25 inch

Cover to bottom bars = 1.50 inch

6.3.9 Soil Properties

Let us take an example of the structural modeling of foundations that rest

on multiple soil layers and each have a different spring constant (Winkler
constant).

Figure 6.3-3 shows a foundation slab on three layers of soil, each with its
own spring constant k1, k2 and k3. The stiffness experienced by the
foundation slab at its interface with soil (interface A in the figure) is due to
the combined responses of the three underlain soil layers 1, 2 and 3.

User needs to determine the equivalent spring constant that must be

specified for the determination of slab deflection and its design. For
academia let us also determine the force and displacement at the interface
of each of the layers.

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 ADAPT-MAT 2010 RC TUTORIAL (US units) Chapter 6

FIGURE 6.3-3 SLAB ON MULTI LAYER SOIL FOUNDATION

[Link] Equivalent Spring Constant

The equivalent spring constant for design of the foundation is the

sum of the inverse of the spring constants of each of the underlain
soil layers. For the condition shown in Figure 6.3-3, the constant
to be used for the analysis of the foundation ke is given by:

1/ke = (1/k1 + 1/k2 + 1/k3)

[Link] Soil Pressure

The displacement of the foundation at its interface with the soil

(interface A in Figure 6.3-3) is determined through the analysis of
the foundation using ke. For displacement “d” at any given point,
the soil pressure “p” is:

p = ke * d

The soil pressure “p” remains the same for the underlain layers. It
will be the same for layers A, B and C shown in the figure.

[Link] Displacement at Interface of Soil Layers

At interface A, the vertical displacement is equal to the value

determined from the analysis of the foundation slab, namely “d.”

The reduction (r) in thickness of layer 1 is:

r1 = p/k1

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 ADAPT-MAT 2010 RC TUTORIAL (US units) Chapter 6

Hence, the vertical displacement of interface B will be:

dB = d – rA

Using a similar procedure, the displacement of the interface

between other layers can be determined.

[Link] Numerical Example

Given:

A foundation slab is supported on the following:

• First layer: 4” synthetic material with spring constant

200 pci
• Second layer: 24” soil with spring constant 250 pci
• Third layer: 7 ft of native soil with spring constant 300
pci

Required:

• Determine the equivalent soil constant for the analysis

of the foundation
• If the vertical displacement of the foundation at a point
is obtained to be 0.138 inch, determine the force in each
of the layers and the vertical displacement at the
interface of each.

Solution:

The equivalent soil constant for the analysis of the foundation is:

1/ke = (1/k1 + 1/k2 + 1/k3)

= (1/200+ 1/250 + 1/300) = 1/81.08

ke = 81.08 pci

For a vertical displacement of 0.138 inch, the soil pressure is:

P = ke * d = 81.08 * 0.138 = 11.19 psi (1611

psf)

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 ADAPT-MAT 2010 RC TUTORIAL (US units) Chapter 6

Using Winkler foundation, the pressure on all the underlain

layers will be the same.

Vertical displacement at interface of soil layers:

Displacement at layer A, dA = 0.138 inch

Compression in thickness of first layer:

r1 = p/k1 = 11.19/200 = 0.056 inch

Displacement at layer B, dB = dA – r1 = 0.138 – 0.056 =

0.082 inch

Compression in thickness of second layer:

r2 = p/k2 = 11.19/250 = 0.04476 inch

Displacement at layer C, dC = dB – r2 = 0.82 – 0.0447 =

0.0373 inch
Compression in thickness of third layer:
r3 = p/k3 = 11.19/300 = 0.0373 inch

Displacement at layer D, dD = dC – r3 = 0.0373 – 0.0373 =

0.00 inch

No displacement value at interface D agrees with the

assumptions of the example.

6.4 GENERATION OF 3D STRUCTURAL MODEL THROUGH DWG

IMPORT

The steps to follow for the generation of a 3D structural model of the floor system
through import of a drawing file are detailed below. After the initial drawing has
been transformed into a structural model, the steps to import a revised drawing are
outlined. The descriptions of each step are general and should be applied to any
model used as an example or tutorial. To request the specific .DWG and .ADM
files for the model used in this text, please contact our support staff at
support@[Link].

6.4.1 First Drawing Import

At this step, the simplified structural or architectural drawing will be

imported to the Builder program and converted to a structural model.
Follow the steps below:

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 ADAPT-MAT 2010 RC TUTORIAL (US units) Chapter 6

o Open the Builder program in MAT mode with American unit

system (as shown in Fig. 4.2-1).
o From File pull-down menu select File | Import | DXF/DWG
o Open the desired .dwg file
o Now Project Calibration Dialog (Figure 6.4-1) will appear.
Select Calibrate imported objects to enter into calibration
mode. The cursor will default to Snap mode.
o Before you click, make sure the Snap to End button is selected
from the Snap Toolbar.

FIGURE 6.4-1 PROJECT CALIBRATION DIALOG

o Calibrate the drawing using any of the dimension lines shown

in the drawing or a known distance between two points. The
User Information Bar (UIB) will ask to “Enter the Start
Point of Calibration Line.” This is the yellow bar at the
bottom of the main interface as shown in Figure 4.2-2. Click
on the first known point. The UIB will ask to “Enter the End
Point of Calibration Line.” Click on the second known point.
Now it will ask to “Enter the Correct distance in feet
between the two Points you Selected.” Input the proper
dimension in feet and hit enter. This will complete calibration
of the drawing.
o For this tutorial, click “No” when asked if you want to change
the project origin.

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FIGURE 6.4-2 START AND END POINTS OF CALIBRATION LINE

6.4.2 Transformation of Structural Components

o Open the Transform to Structural Component Toolbar for

conversion of the drawing to structural model. Use the User
Interface menu and click on the following Transform to
Structural Component Toolbar.
Alternatively use menu item Build | Display Modeling
Toolbars to view this toolbar along with the Build Toolbar.

FIGURE 6.4-3 TRANSFORM TO STRUCTURAL

COMPONENT TOOLBAR
o Use menu item Settings | Drawing | Layers, to open the
Layers dialog box. Click on the button All Layers Off. This
will turn off all the layers in the drawing. Click on the light
bulb icon in the On/Off column for the layer representing the
structural columns (Figure 6-4-4) to turn on only the objects in
this layer while the display of other objects remain turned off.

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FIGURE 6.4-4 LAYERS DIALOG BOX

o Now only the polygons drawn in selected layer will be

displayed in the screen. Select all of them using Ctrl+A. Once
the column polygons are selected use the Transform Column
icon from the Transform to Structural Component Toolbar.
Alternatively you use menu item Build | Transform Drawing
Entities | Transform entity into Column.
IMPORTANT: Only polygons can be transformed using the
transformation toolbar in ADAPT-Builder. If your drawing
file contains components that are composed of individual lines,
this tool will not work.
o Change the view to an Isometric View by selecting Top-
Front-Right View from the Camera and Viewports Toolbar.
You will notice all polygons are changed to a Column entity in
the drawing; you may double click on any column to change or
view its General Properties, Location, FEM Properties and
CAD properties (as shown in Figure 6.4-5). Notice that when
in ADAPT-MAT mode all columns will be resting on slab, i.e.
modeled as Upper Column and placed under
Current_Plane_Column layer.

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FIGURE 6.4-5 TOP-FRONT-RIGHT VIEW WITH TRANSFORMED COLUMN AND

COLUMN DIALOG

o Select the menu item Settings | Drawing | Layers, to open

Layers dialog box. Click on the button “All Layers Off”. And
this time turn All Layers Off and turn on that layer
representing the structural slab layer (Figure 6.4-4) to display
only the polygon representing the slab region(s).
o Select the polygon(s) and use Transform Slab Region icon
from the Transform to Structural Component Toolbar to
convert the polygon to a slab. The slab will be placed as the
Current_plane_Slab_Region layer.
o Finally open the Layer dialog once again. You may also use
the Layers Setting icon from Settings Toolbar (refer to
Chapter 4 of this document). This time turn All Layers Off
while turning on only the layer representing any walls.
o Select all the polygons (representing walls) and use the
Transform Wall icon from the Transform to Structural
Component Toolbar to convert all polygons as walls. Walls
will be placed in the Current_plane_Slab_Region layer. All
walls will be Upper Walls and will be placed under the
Current_plane_Wall layer.
o Now use the Select/Set View Items icon from the View
Toolbar. Alternatively you may use menu item View | Select
Display Item.
o This will open the Select/Set View Items dialog box. By
default, the Structural Components tab will be open. Turn on
the display of Slab Region, Column and Wall as shown in
Figure 6.4-6 and click on “OK.” This will display all
structural objects in the screen.

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FIGURE 6.4-6 SELECT/ SET VIEW ITEMS DIALOG BOX

o Now save the file as MAT_US_ACI_01.ADM. This file

contains the structural model created from the drawing file
using the ADAPT-MAT environment.

6.5 MATERIAL, SOIL SUPPORT, CRITERIA AND LOADINGS

Open the previously-saved file (MAT_US_ACI_01.ADM) if you have closed it.

If you have completed all of the steps successfully as specified in the earlier
section, you may continue with the file you created and saved in your hard-disk.

6.5.1 Set and Assign Material Properties

[Link] Set and Assign Multiple Concrete Materials

Since we need to specify two grades of Concrete (one for the

slab, another for columns and walls), use the menu item Material
| Concrete. The material dialog box for Concrete will open. By
default there will be one concrete already established. Click on
the Add button to add another concrete.

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FIGURE 6.5-1 CONCRETE MATERIAL DIALOG BOX

Now select Concrete 1 and rename the label as Concrete Slab.

Specify Weight (Wc) 150 pcf and 28 days Cylinder Strength
(f’c) as 4000 psi. The Modulus of Elasticity of concrete is
automatically calculated and displayed by the program using f’c
and Wce, and the relationship as mentioned in section 8.5.1 of
ACI 318-08 is given below. The user is given the option to
override the code value and specify a user defined substitute. The
user can specify Wce in place of Wc which will be used only to
calculate Ec value.

Ec = Wc1.5 X 33 √f 'c US
Ec = Wc1.5 X 0.043 √f 'c SI

Where,
Ec = modulus of elasticity at 28 days [psi, MPa]
f’c = characteristic cylinder strength at 28 days
Wc = density of concrete [150 lb/ft3, 2400 kg/m3]

Similarly, select Concrete 2 and rename the label as Concrete

CW. Specify Weight 150 pcf and 28 days Cylinder Strength as
5000 psi.

Now click on the Select by Type icon from the Selection

Toolbar. Refer to Chapter 4 for additional details. Select
Column and Wall and click on OK. This will select all columns

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and walls in the model. Now use the menu item Modify | Modify
Item Properties, to open the Modify Item Properties dialog
box. Turn on Material (located in top left corner), select
Concrete CW from the drop down list (Figure 6.5-2). Click on
OK, to apply this concrete for all selected entities, i.e. columns
and walls.

To change the material for the slab region you can use same
procedure to specify the Concrete Slab material. Alternately,
double click on the slab. The Slab Region dialog box will open.
Select the drop down for Material and ensure Concrete Slab is
specified as material (Figure 6.5-3).

FIGURE 6.5-2 MODIFY ITEM PROPERTIES DIALOG BOX

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FIGURE 6.5-3 SLAB REGION DIALOG BOX

[Link] Set and Assign Mild Steel Material (Rebar)

Use the menu item Material | Mild Steel to open the Material
dialog for Mild Steel. Specify the value of fy as 60 ksi and the
value of Es as 29000 ksi. Click “OK.” Since this is single entry,
this property will be applied for all components.

6.5.2 Assign Soil Support

There are two choices to model soil support. One may snap the corner
points of the slab to model the soil support. Otherwise as we want to
model soil support of uniform stiffness for the entire foundation, we can
model a rectangular or quadrilateral soil support which inscribes the entire
foundation. Both will give same result considering soil support below the
foundation slab area only. For this tutorial, the second option will be used.

FIGURE 6.5-4 SOIL SUPPORT MENU ITEM

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Use menu item Build | Spring/Soil Support | Soil Support. The UIB
(yellow bar at bottom of interface) will ask to specify four corners. Click
on four corners surrounding the slab region and press C to
Close/End/Accept. Ensure that the soil spring boundary inscribes the mat
area (Figure 6.5-5).

FIGURE 6.5-5 SOIL SUPPORT INSCRIBING THE MAT FOUNDATION

Now double click on the Soil Support to open its property box (Fig. 6.5-
6). As computed in Section [Link], specify kza value 81.08 pci. Retain
the spring type as Compression Only.

FIGURE 6.5-6 SOIL SUPPORT PROPERTY BOX

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6.5.3 Set Criteria

Let us now set design criteria for this project. This should be done before
we enter in loadings as automatic load combinations are generated based
on the design code selected by the user.

Use menu item Criteria to open the dialog box. By default the Criteria
input window will open under the Design Code tab. Select ACI 2008/IBC
2009 for this project (Figure 6.5-7). Please note that some of the codes
will be unavailable for selection as they do not support the US unit system.

FIGURE 6.5-7 DESIGN CODE TAB INSIDE CRITERIA DIALOG BOX

It is recommended to click on all of the tabs and ensure the parameters.

Specific to this tutorial, go to Preferred Reinforcement Size and
Material tab to specify preferred rebar diameters for the top bar as #5 and
for the bottom bar as #6.

Go to the Shear Design Options tab to specify the preferred bar size as #3
(0.375 in); shear reinforcement type is stud and number of rails per side is
2. Finally click on OK to apply the changes.

6.5.4 Input and Assign Loadings

ADAPT-MAT will automatically consider Self-Weight as we specified

Wc for the concrete materials. The program also has two reserve load
cases as Dead Load and Live Load. In this tutorial, we need to specify
area loads, line loads and point loads. Hence let us ensure that the
Loading Toolbar is displayed in the screen.

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You may use the User Interface drop down menu to turn on the Loading
Toolbar. Alternatively from the Loading drop down menu you can turn
on Display Loading Toolbar.

[Link] Patch Load Generation

Select the slab and click on the Patch Load Wizard icon from
the Loading Toolbar. Specify a value of 0.04 ksf as
Superimposed Dead Load. The program will display a
confirmation dialog specifying one patch load is applied. This
will apply 0.04 ksf uniformly distributed loading on the entire
foundation slab.

FIGURE 6.5-8 AUTOMATIC PATCH LOAD WIZARD

Again select the slab and click on the Patch Load Wizard icon
from the Loading Toolbar to specify 0.20 ksf as Live Load.

[Link] Line Load Generation

Select all of the boundary walls located in the model, if any. You
may select all walls by using the Select by Type icon and then
hold down the Ctrl key to de-select any internal walls. Click on
the Line Load Wizard icon from the Loading Toolbar to assign
1.37 k/ft line loading along the boundary walls under the Dead
Load condition. The program should confirm the number of line
loads generated.

Now select only the internal walls and similarly specify 2.0 k/ft
line loading for walls other than the boundary walls.

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FIGURE 6.5-9 AUTOMATIC LINE LOAD WIZARD

[Link] Point Load Generation

To apply point loads as column end reactions use the Create Point
Load icon from the Loading Toolbar. Ensure that the Snap to
Endpoint tool is activated which will allow you to snap to the
column centerline(s). Click on one of the columns which will add
a point load without any value. Double click on the point load to
open the Point Load dialog box (Figure 6.5-10). Alternatively you
may use the Select by Type icon to select the only point load in
this model and use the menu item Edit | Item’s Properties to open
the same dialog box. Input Fz = 56.2 kip inside the General tab
and go to Loads tab to input Fx = 18 kip and Fy = 9 kip. Finally
click on the green checkmark to assign the load values. Once
done program will remember these values for further
generation(s).

FIGURE 6.5-10 POINT LOAD DIALOG BOX (GENERAL AND LOADS TABS)

Click on the Create Point Load icon from the Loading Toolbar.
Ensure that the Snap to Endpoint tool is activated and snap all
other columns to apply this loading. Where column reactions are
different from each other, the user needs to edit its property and
change the values accordingly.

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[Link] Load Combinations

Based on the code selected by the user, ADAPT-MAT

automatically generates Initial, Strength and Service conditions.
The user can add or modify any number of load combinations.
However, please note that the program obtains a discrete solution
for each load combination; hence, additional load combinations
will result in prolonged processing time.

Furthermore, for a structure like this which is supported by a

series of “Compression Only” springs with some finite stiffness,
superposition of load cases doesn’t apply. As an example, the
deflection for the dead load and live load cases when calculated
individually, may not add up to the deflection calculated for the
combined actions.

Use the menu item Loading | Load Combination. The program

will contain following load combinations:

Service (Total Load) = 1.00 x Selfweight + 1.00 x Dead

load + 1.00 x Live load

Service (Sustained Load) = 1.00 x Selfweight + 1.00 x

Dead load + 0.30 x Live load

Strength (Dead and Live) = 1.20 x Selfweight + 1.20 x

Dead load + 1.60 x Live load

Strength (Dead Load Only) = 1.40 x Selfweight + 1.40 x

Dead load

You need to create the following combinations for checking

deflection due to Live Load only and Long Term Deflection.
Specify NO CODE CHECK under Analysis/Design Options as
you don’t need to check stress and calculate rebar requirement for
these conditions.

LongTerm= 3.00 x Selfweight + 3.00 x Dead load + 1.00 x

Live load

LiveLoad = 1.00 x Live Load

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FIGURE 6.5-11 LOAD COMBINATION DIALOG BOX

Now save the file as MAT_US_ACI_02.ADM. This file contains

the structural model, materials, soil support, design code; rebar
specification and loadings with load combinations.

6.6 FINITE ELEMENT MESHING, ANALYSIS AND VIEW RESULTS

Open the previously saved file (MAT_US_ACI_02.ADM) if you have closed it.
If you have completed all steps successfully as specified in the earlier sections,
you may continue with the file you created and saved in your hard-disk.

The model is now ready for analysis. ADAPT-MAT supports the Object Oriented
Modeling approach which allows users to model the physical components as they
are truly represented. Once done, the program can automatically generate a finite
element mesh. From CRITERIA | Analysis/Design Options, the user can
specify a sparse or uniform mesh. The default is set to a sparse mesh as it will
lead to a faster processing time without compromise or a degraded solution. The
user can also specify the suggested cell size and node consolidation parameters. It
is recommended to review Chapter 8 of the ADAPT-Floor Pro User Manual for a
thorough description of meshing features in ADAPT-Builder as they are also
applicable to ADAPT-MAT.

6.6.1 Finite Element Meshing

The menu item FEM | Automatic Mesh Generation will be used for
creation of the first mesh. In this tutorial the suggested cell size of 3 ft will
be used. Turn on the Shift nodes automatically option if it is not already
set and specify maximum distance as 1.5 ft.

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FIGURE 6.6-1 AUTOMATIC MESH GENERATION DIALOG

Click on OK to generate finite element mesh as shown below.

FIGURE 6.6-2 FINITE ELEMENT MESH

6.6.2 Analyze Structure

Use the menu item FEM | Analyze Structure and confirm in the
subsequent dialog box (Figure 6.6.3), that the model is ready for analysis.
For this model with soil spring supports, the program will produce
iterative solutions for each load combination. Click on Yes to save the
solution and terminate this dialog.

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FIGURE 6.6-3 ANALYSIS STATUS DIALOG

6.6.3 View Results

Once the analysis has been successfully completed, the program will
confirm this, use the menu item FEM | View Results.

FIGURE 6.6-4 FEM MENU

This will open the ADViewer (View Results) screen. From the left-hand
panel of the screen select the tab Load Case/ Combinations.

[Link] View Deflection

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• Select Service (Total Load) from the list of the load cases
• On the top of the same left-hand panel, click on Results
• From the list of results, select Deformation > Z-translation.
This will display the vertical deflection of the structure.
• Click on the button Display Results icon. This will
display the color contour for displacement as shown in
Figure 6.6-5.
• Use the Warping and Rotate tools on the
screen to examine the deflected shape of the model.

FIGURE 6.6-5 DISPLAY SCREEN OF FEM SOLUTIONS

[Link] Review of Soil Pressure

• Select Soil Pressure under the Results tab. This will display
soil pressure for the selected Load Combination. Use the tab
Load Case/ Combinations from left-hand panel to scroll
through all combinations specified in the model. The soil
pressure is reported as ksi.

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FIGURE 6.6-6 SOIL PRESSURE UNDER RESULT TAB

Important Note: The allowable soil pressure does not apply to

the pressure reported at a “point” in a contour plot, such as in
Figure 6.6-7. The allowable soil pressure is intended for the
average pressure over a minimum area, such as a square or
circle having a diameter or side value between three to four
times of the slab thickness. In the design check of this tutorial, if
the point pressure is within the allowable value, the design is
considered acceptable. Otherwise, using the pressure contour,
the average pressure over the preceding minimum area would
have had to be calculated and checked with the allowable value.

FIGURE 6.6-7 SOIL PRESSURE FOR STRENGTH CONDITION

• The user may also view other actions like Bending Moment of
the slab about the X or Y global axes for different conditions.
This gives an indication of the regions with maximum
moments in a particular direction and possible line of

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cracking/ failure for the concrete slab. This might be used as a

guideline to define support line for design.
• Close the ADViewer screen by using menu item File | Exit or
the red X at the top-right corner. This will close the results
viewer and return back to main screen of ADAPT-MAT.

[Link] Generate Line Contour FIX

• Use the menu item FEM | Line Contour | Generate Line

Contour (Figure 6.6-8). This will bring up a dialog box
prompting the user to select the required load combination
and slab actions. Select Strength as the load combination and
specify M11 as the slab action (as shown in Figure 6.6-9).
• Using the menu item FEM | Line Contour | Contour Display
Setting, you can control the display of value, density of
contour, etc. Set one moment contour equal to 0.3 kip. More
details about all menu items under Line Contour are described
later. Slab action for M11 and M22 are shown in Figure 6.6-
11 and Figure 6.6-12.

FIGURE 6.6-8 LINE CONTOUR OPTIONS UNDER FEM MENU

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Use this menu to generate the line

contours after analyzing the structure
(Figure 6.6-8).
Use this menu to either display or to hide
the line contours after generating them.
This menu allows you to increase the
displayed number of contour lines.
Use this menu to decrease the number of
contour lines for your model.
Use this menu to either display or to hide
the labels for the contour lines that are
labeled.
This menu will open the Result Display
Settings (Figure 6.6-9) to alter the
contour line display.

FIGURE 6.6-9 GENERATE LINE CONTOUR OPTIONS

FIGURE 6.6-10 CONTOUR DISPLAY SETTINGS

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FIGURE 6.6-11 SLAB ACTION M11 FOR STRENGTH CONDITION

FIGURE 6.6-12 SLAB ACTION M22 FOR STRENGTH CONDITION

• Finally use the menu item FEM | Line Contour | Display/Hide

Contour. This will remove moment contours in the model.
• Now save the file as MAT_US_ACI_03.ADM. This file
contains the structural model, materials, soil support, design
code; rebar specification, loadings with load combinations,
finite element mesh and analysis result.

6.7 GENERATION OF SUPPORT LINES AND USE OF SPLITTERS

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Open the previously saved file (MAT_US_ACI_03.ADM) if you have closed it.
If you have completed all steps successfully as specified in earlier section, you
may continue with the file you created and saved in your hard-disk.

The model is now ready to be designed. The first step is to create Support Lines in
both X and Y directions. These are required to establish design strips (i.e.
tributary regions) for the generation of design sections. In some cases, the use of
splitters is required to generate a more refined tributary region. Splitters are used
when support lines do not terminate at slab or opening boundaries. Once support
lines and splitters are created, the program can successfully generate design
tributaries and automatically create design sections. Design sections are required
to check the adequacy of the slab as it relates to the selected code for Strength and
Serviceability requirements. Punching Shear (two-way shear) will also be
checked for the slab. Finally we will review the results and produce a results
report.

6.7.1 Generation of Support Lines

• Support lines in the X-direction will be drawn first. Use the Support
Line Wizard tool from the Modeling Toolbar. A dialog box, as
shown in Figure 6.7-1, will be displayed. Specify the intended
direction of the Support Line as the X-Direction.

• Set the band width to 1 ft. The program will scan between this width
for supports (columns, walls or beams). A support line vertex (click)
will be created at each support. The distance or length between
vertices is known as a support line “span.” Click on the OK button to
create the support line.

FIGURE 6.7-1 SUPPORT LINE WIZARD

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• Repeat the operation to create other support lines in the X-direction.

You may hit Enter to repeat last operation in the ADAPT-MAT
environment. For the example model (see Figure 6.7-1) it is possible
to create the first 4 support lines from the top edge of slab in the X-
direction. However you need to use Create Support Line tool
from the Modeling Toolbar to complete support line 5, 6 and 7 as
they are not continuous along the full length of slab. Notice also that
Support Line 6 does not extend to a slab or opening boundary as all
other support lines do. In this case, we need to use vertical splitters to
generate a proper tributary region for this support line and those
adjacent to it. It is recommended to scan the model you are using for
the tutorial and determine which support lines may require the use of
splitters.

FIGURE 6.7-2 SUPPORT LINES IN X-DIRECTION

6.7.2 Use of Splitters

• For this example, the Create Splitter tool from Modeling

Toolbar is used to draw two vertical splitters on each side of Support
Line 6. Both splitters will extend from the endpoint of Support Line 6
to the bottom slab edge and from the endpoint of Support Line 6
vertically such that they terminate perpendicular to Support Line 4.

• Once you click on the Create Splitter tool, you cursor will be in Snap
mode. Use the menu item Edit | Item’s Properties to specify the
property of the splitters you are going to create. The Splitter dialog
box, as shown in, Figure 6.7-3 will be displayed.

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• Specify the direction for the support line for which this splitter will be
associated. This is the X-direction for this example. The splitters as
described above are shown in Figure 6.7-4. If you’re model is
different than the example for this tutorial, input splitters in a like
manner for all necessary support lines.

FIGURE 6.7-3 SPLITTER DIALOG BOX

FIGURE 6.7-4 SUPPORT LINES AND SPLITTERS IN X-DIRECTION

• Splitters 1 and 2 in this example are shown in Figure 6.7-4.

• Using the approach described above for the X-direction, draw support
lines in Y-direction. From Figure 6.7-5, note that Support Lines 8-15

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were created using the Support Line Wizard tool. Support Line 16
requires use of the Create Support Line tool since it only contains
two supports at the interior of the slab in the width and length of the
scanning band where the Support Line Wizard is used.

• In this example, for Support Line 16, we need to create two more
splitters to correctly generate tributary regions for this design strip.
These splitters are shown in Figure 6.7-5. In your model, review the
support lines and identify those which require the use of splitters. If
you are using this model for the tutorial, input the splitters as shown
below. The Y-direction splitters need to be associated with Y-
direction support lines. Make sure that the splitters properties reflect
this.

FIGURE 6.7-5 SUPPORT LINES AND SPLITTERS IN X-DIRECTION

• Now save the file as MAT_US_ACI_04.ADM. This file contains the

structural model, materials, soil support, design code; rebar
specification, loadings with load combinations, finite element mesh,
analysis result, support lines and splitters.

6.8 PRODUCE AND REVIEW DESIGN RESULTS

Open the previously saved file (MAT_US_ACI_04.ADM) if you have closed it.
If you have completed all steps successfully as specified in earlier section, you
may continue with the file you created and saved in your hard-disk. This model is
ready to proceed for design.

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6.8.1 Review Analysis/ Design Options

• Since the model was opened under the RC-only mode (Conventionally
reinforced only), the user can specify to automatically generate column
and middle strips. Click on the menu Criteria to open the dialog box
shown in Figure 6.8-1. Go to the tab, Analysis/Design Options.

FIGURE 6.8-1 ANALYSIS/DESIGN OPTIONS FOR RC DESIGN

• Ensure that both of the options are selected as Yes from the
Conventionally reinforced only (RC) option. The second option of
minimum rebar refers to the code required reinforcement for creep,
shrinkage and temperature. If this item is not selected, the program
reports the reinforcement needed to satisfy those requirements for the
strength limit state of the structure only. Note that for the ACI code,
minimum reinforcement (temperature and shrinkage reinforcement) as
dictated by ACI318-08 Section 7.12 is not required for soil supported
slabs. Hence, the program will not report any reinforcement required
for serviceability conditions regardless of the option shown in Figure
6.8-1 being selected as Yes.

6.8.2 Generate Design Sections

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To generate design sections manually at each of the support lines, use the
menu item FEM | Generate Design Sections Automatically. This will
introduce a middle strip in between the main support lines (column strips)
and generate design strips in X and Y directions.

6.8.3 Review Design Strips (Column and Middle Strips)

• Use the menu item Reports | Single Default Reports | Graphical |

Design Plans | Design Strips X-direction, to view the generated
column strips and middle strips in the X-direction as shown in Figure
6.8-2. Middle and column strips are shown hatched in Figure 6.8-3
for this example.

FIGURE 6.8-2 DESIGN STRIPS IN X-DIRECTION MENU

FIGURE 6.8-3 COLUMN AND MIDDLE STRIPS IN X-DIRECTION

• Similarly, use the menu item Reports | Single Default Reports |

Graphical | Design Plans | Design Strips Y-direction, to view

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generated column strips and middle strips in the Y-direction as shown

in Figure 6.8-4.

• Notice that the program will introduce intermediate support lines in

between the user-defined support lines identifying column strips.
These strips are referred to as “middle strips” and are generated due to
the selection being made from the Criteria menu. Had this item been
selected as No, the program would have created design strips
associated with user-defined support lines only. Also notice the
generation of strips where splitters were used for this example.

• Once you have finished reviewing the designs strips, you will notice a
Report Mode dialog box as shown in Figure 6.8-5. Click on the Exit
“Report” Mode button to return back to the normal view.

FIGURE 6.8-4 COLUMN AND MIDDLE STRIPS IN Y-DIRECTION

FIGURE 6.8-5 REPORT MODE DIALOGUE BOX

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6.8.4 Design the Design Sections

Use the menu item FEM | Design the “Design Section(s).”

Note: If the analysis results are not copied or not saved in the working
directory, you may receive a warning as shown in Figure 9.6-1. For that
case you need to perform analysis using the FEM | Analyze Structure
menu.

FIGURE 6.8-6 SOLUTION AVAILABILITY DIALOG BOX

Once the design has been successfully completed, the program will
display a confirmation dialogue box as shown in Figure 6.8-7. Click on
Yes to save the results and close this message.

FIGURE 6.8-7 DESIGN STATUS DIALOG BOX

6.8.5 Adequacy Check for the Design Sections

• Now click on Yes to save the result and dismiss the Design Status
dialog box.

• Open the Support Line Results/Scale Toolbar. Click on Display

Design Sections button from this toolbar. The program will
automatically show a toolbar as shown in Figure 6.8-8. These icons
allow the user to toggle between design sections in the X and Y
directions.

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Show/ Hide Support Lines in X-direction

Show/ Hide Support Lines in Y-direction

FIGURE 6.8-8 SUPPORT LINE DISPLAY TOOLBAR

• Click each of them to view support lines and design sections, once for
the X-direction and once for the Y-direction.

• Make a cursory review of the support line results in both directions.

Where design sections are shown in a green color, the sections are
found adequate for the specific design check selected from the Result
Display Settings tool. Any section shown as a dashed pink line
has not met the required code checks and is inadequate. Typically, in
RC design, for strength checks design sections will be shown as OK
for design status (green color) as the program will design the required
amount of reinforcement to satisfy the demand actions.

• For serviceability it is important to make a check for deflections in

each direction. Select Service (Total Load) from the pull-down box
in Result Display Settings as shown in Figure 6.8-9. Set the result
option to Deflection and set the maximum allowable to L/240. Select
Apply and then OK. From the Support Line Results/Scale Toolbar
select the Display Graphically tool, making sure that the support lines
in either direction are turned on, and the program will report the
deflection ratio (X/L) for each span as shown in Figure 6.8-10. Note
also that the deflection value for each design section is shown. The
same display of results can be produced for any action (i.e. moment,
shear, axial) when the result to be displayed is set for Action and the
Display Graphically tool is active. FIX

Note: When the program is opened in RC and PT mode, additional

results will become active in the Result Display Settings dialogue box.
The program will give the option to report top and bottom fiber
stresses for any service combination as well and average
precompression..

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FIGURE 6.8-9 RESULT DISPLAY SETTINGS DIALOGUE BOX

FIGURE 6.8-10 DEFLECTION RESULTS ALONG SUPPORT LINE

FIGURE 6.8-11 SUPPORT LINES AND DESIGN SECTIONS RESULTS IN X-

DIRECTION

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FIGURE 6.8-12 SUPPORT LINES AND DESIGN SECTIONS RESULTS IN Y-

DIRECTION

• Figures 6.8-11 and 6.8-12 shows support line results for the tutorial
example model.

6.8.6 Generate Rebar Drawing

• Once the design of sections is complete, use the menu item FEM |
Generate Rebar Drawing to display the rebar required to meet
demand for serviceability, strength or envelope. The dialog box as
shown in Figure 6.8-13 will be displayed.

• The user can select the any of the load combinations defined in the
model to view rebar for. Note that when the ACI318 code is selected,
no rebar will be generated for serviceability conditions as the code
waives temperature and shrinkage reinforcement for soil supported
slabs. You may choose the Bar Length Selection and the Bar
Orientation, and then click OK. If the orientation of the bars is Along
support lines the reinforcing is aligned parallel to the support lines
even if they are not in the X-Y directions. The selection of an angle
generates rebar layouts for those directions. The Dynamic Rebar
Module calculates the required reinforcement for the direction
selected. For this tutorial, specify Library Length and to have
desirable rebar length and bar orientation along global X and Y axis as
shown in Figure 6.8-13.

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FIGURE 6.8-13 GENERATE REBAR DRAWING OPTIONS

• The program will display the requirement of rebar at the top and
bottom faces of the slab and/or beams at all positions for the enveloped
condition (considering strength requirement and minimum rebar for
service condition when required per code) as shown in Figure 6.8-14.

FIGURE 6.8-14 INITIAL REBAR ARRANGEMENT

• Use the Reinforcement Toolbar as described in Section 4.15 of this

document to display/ hide rebar object in different layers and different
directions.

6.8.7 Specify Base Reinforcement and Re-design

• It is often impractical and uneconomical to provide a design or rebar

layout showing different sizes and spacing of rebar at different

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positions for construction. In review of the initial rebar layout for this
tutorial model, it is important to consolidate size and spacing for
groups of bars and determine a uniform rebar mesh, both the top and
bottom layers, that will satisfy the initial requirement. Once this is
done, the slab can be redesigned.

• Select the slab and click on the Mesh Reinforcement Wizard

icon from the Reinforcement Toolbar.

• A dialog box as shown in Figure 6.8-15 will be displayed. Specify the

layer of reinforcement you are going to define as Bottom and use the
Bar size option. For this example, specify #6 @ 10 in c/c in both the
directions. Click on the Create button to add this rebar as user defined
base reinforcement. Not that if you are using a different slab for the
tutorial, determine what spacing and size of reinforcement is required
as mesh rebar to satisfy the initial reinforcement output from the
program.

FIGURE 6.8-15 AUTOMATIC MESH REINFORCEMENT DIALOG

• Similarly, add #5 @ 9 in c/c as Top base reinforcement or what is

required for the model you are using for this tutorial.

• After introducing new base reinforcing, the slab needs the design
sections to be redesigned and the reinforcement layout must be
generated again from the FEM menu. The program will produce a new
rebar drawing and display any additional rebar to the base reinforcing
where required as shown in Figure 6.8-16.

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FIGURE 6.8-16 REBAR IN EXCESS OF BASE REBAR

• Use the Display/Hide Rebar tool from the Reinforcement

Toolbar to turn off the display of all rebar from the screen.

6.8.8 Punching Shear Check

• Use the menu item FEM | Punching Shear Check to perform a check
of punching (two-way) shear for this slab. The program will show the
following dialog when done.

FIGURE 6.8-17 PUNCHING SHEAR CHECK COMPLETION DIALOG

• From the Support Line Results/Scale Toolbar, click on the Display

Punching Shear Design Outcome icon to view the results on
screen. The Numerical Display icon must be active to view the
stress ratios for either local axis (‘r’ or ‘s’) direction. There are 4 cases
the program can report for design status. They are as follows:

o “OK” – calculated stresses are below allowable stresses

o “Reinforce”- calculated stresses exceed allowable stresses and
design code requires reinforcement
o “Exceeds Code” – design code requirements are not satisfied
o “NA”- punching shear design is not applicable

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• The punching shear results for this model are shown in Figure 6.8-18.

FIGURE 6.8-18 PUNCHING SHEAR DESIGN OUTCOME

• Further information related to punching shear including design

parameters, actions, actual stress from shear and moments and
allowable stress is included in the tabular output. The following is a
description of how to generate this output.

• From the menu select Reports | Single Default Reports | Tabular |

Punching Shear Design

• The user has the following options:

o Punching Shear Stress Check Result

o Punching Shear Stress Check Parameters, and
o Punching Shear Reinforcement

• An example of each is given in Figures 6.8-19 to 6.8-20.

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FIGURE 6.8-19 PUNCHING SHEAR STRESS CHECK RESULTS

FIGURE 6.8-20 PUNCHING SHEAR STRESS CHECK PARAMETERS

In this example since the stress ratio for all columns are less than 1, shear
reinforcement is not required. In order to obtain a solution which requires
shear reinforcement in order to display shear reinforcement output, the

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Strength combination was increased to include a factor of 2.0. The results

from this design are shown in Figure 6.8-21.

FIGURE 6.8-21 PUNCHING SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

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Chapter 7

ANALYTICAL BACKGROUND

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This section provides information on several aspects of the analysis and design features
of ADAPT-MAT.

7.1 OVERVIEW

ADAPT-MAT is a standalone computer program within the umbrella of the

ADAPT-Builder software platform. It has been entirely developed by ADAPT’s
team of structural engineers and software developers in providing a complete
analysis and design solution for mat and raft foundations. The program is the
most comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FEM) analysis and
design tool for conventionally reinforced or post-tensioned mat foundations, with
or without grade beams. Using ADAPT's intuitive and easy-to-use Component
Technology, it is the only solution available that also calculates the required
reinforcement at all locations of the foundation automatically.

Using ADAPT-MAT, you can quickly generate a graphical model of a ground

supported slab mat with or without grade beams. The model can be generated
using either an available DWG or DXF file of the foundation, or through user
input. The mat can be of any irregular shape and subject to any kind of loading
from above. Using an adaptive meshing and finite elements, the program analyzes
the mat and determines the location, amount and length of all the reinforcement
needed by computation. Where applicable, under horizontal loading or moments,
the program accounts for the separation of a mat from the soil.

7.2 STRUCTURAL MODELING

7.2.1 Analysis

The analysis processor of ADAPT-MAT is based on the finite element

formulation developed and implemented in the ADAPT-Builder platform,
with some modifications to cover the features that are specific to mat
foundation analysis. The program uses almost entirely well-proportioned
quadrilateral flat shell elements with bending and membrane degrees of
freedom. Details of the formulation are given in the ADAPT-Floor Pro
User Manual and its references. Walls are also represented by the same
type of shell elements.

Beams and columns are modeled as beam (stick) elements with six
degrees of freedom at each node.

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Unlike many other commercially available programs, complete

compatibility of displacement is established over the entire foundation
system and among all its components. For example grade beams below the
foundations are modeled eccentric to the slab = as they appear in real life
= but are solved with full compatibility of displacement at their interface
with the slab (equal strains in beam stem and slab at a common interface).

Post-tensioned tendons, where present, are discretized into segments

associated with each shell element they traverse. When force calculation is
invoked by you, the force along each tendon varies as passes from one
shell element into the next.

The advanced and unique features of ADAPT-MAT have become possible

due to a finite element formulation specifically developed for analysis of
complex concrete structures, including post-tensioning [Aalami, 2003].

7.2.2 Design

The design involves (i) the calculation of “design values” (demand), (ii)
the comparison with allowable limits of the building code selected by the
user, and (iii) provisions of reinforcement, where applicable.

The design values are determined in a manner similar to an elevated slab

and are dependent on the generation of design sections associated with
design strips (tributary regions) evolving from support lines. The
procedure for creation of support lines and design sections is explained in
detail in the ADAPT-Floor Pro User Manual. The important point to note
is that for each design section the builder platform determines the design
values from the equilibrium of the finite element nodes, as opposed to the
common practice of using the integration of stresses along a cut at the
section. As a result, accurate design values are obtained for a relatively
coarse finite element mesh [see ADAPT Technical Note TN302,
“Evaluation of Design Values at Design Sections Using ADAPT-
Builder Platform”].

7.3 MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS

7.3.1 Soil Pressure

In addition to the values reported for slabs (stresses, moments, etc.),

similar to ADAPT-Floor Pro, the program also reports the distribution of

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soil pressure below a slab as indicated in Figure 7.3-1. The following in

the interpretation and evaluation of soil pressure is noteworthy.

FIGURE 7.3-1 EXAMPLE OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL PRESSURE BELOW A

MAT WITH FULL SOIL/MAT INTERFACE CONTACT

The raw data obtained from a finite element analysis, as shown in the
figure above, is the distribution of stress at “points” below the foundation
slab. From a practical point of view, however a high or low value of soil
pressure at a “point” does not reflect the likely response of the soil that is
of interest to design engineer. For an engineering evaluation, when
dealing with a reinforced concrete slab resting freely on soil, one considers
the average pressure over a minimum area of design significance. For
concrete slabs resting on common soil 1 a minimum diameter four to five
times the slab thickness should be considered. In other words, at the
location of design check, the distribution of soil stress reported below the
slab, should be integrated over a “design” significant area to determine the
total force. The total force over the “design” patch when divided over the
area of the patch will yield the design stress to be compared with the
allowable soil pressure for the soil.

1 Bulk modulus 100 to 200 pci

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7.3.2 Superposition

In the general case, the principle of superposition of solutions obtained for

different load cases does not apply to mat foundation slabs. Each solution
obtained for a load combination is unique since a different set of boundary
conditions applies to each. Even though the solutions obtained for the mat
foundations are based on elastic material properties, the different amount
of separation of soil from the mat between any two load cases creates a
difference between the structural systems that carries the load in each of
the two load cases. Once the structural systems changes, superposition
does not apply.

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