1. What are the primary objectives of Construction Project Management?

To ensure that construction is performed according to plans and specification, on time, with in defined
budget and a safe work environment.

2. Define the Following Terms:

Planning: It involves selecting mission and objectives and the action to achieve them, and it require
decision making amongst alternative future course of action.

Monitoring: Monitoring is a systematic and regular process of data collection to identify whether an
intervention is proceeding towards desired aims and in accordance with identified course of action or not.

Evaluation: The assessment at one point in time that concentrates specifically on whether the objectives
of the piece of work have been achieved and what impact has been made.

Project Life cycle: The Project Life Cycle refers to a series of activities which are necessary to fulfill
project goals or objectives .The Project Management Life Cycle has four phases: Initiation, Planning,
Execution and Closure.

Gantt Chart: A Gantt chart, commonly used in project management, is one of the most popular and
useful ways of showing activities (tasks or events) displayed against time. On the left of the chart is a list
of the activities and along the top is a suitable time scale. Each activity is represented by a bar; the
position and length of the bar reflects the start date, duration and end date of the activity. This allows you
to see at a glance:
- What the various activities are
- When each activity begins and ends
- How long each activity is scheduled to last
- Where activities overlap with other activities, and by how much
- The start and end date of the whole project

3. What are the essential tests to be performed for Quality control purpose of Portland cement?
 Answer:
A. Initial and final setting time

B. Soundness

C. tensile strength

D. consistency

4. a. what are the types of rocks available in the nature:

Answer:

- sedimentary rock

- metamorphic rock

- igneous rock

- volcanic rock.

b. write down the Quality of good stones used in Building construction

Answer:

- be durable
- good compressive strength

- be free from clay

- resist action of acids

5. write down different types of joints provided in Building construction

Answer:

- Construction joints.
These joints are provided where there is break in construction programme. Concreting operation should
be so planned that the work is completed in one operation. If, however, it has to be stopped before
completion of entire work, construction joints have to be provided.
Location of construction joints should be such that it interferes minimum with the functional
characteristic of the structure. Best location for construction Joints are the following
Columns. Joints should be located a few cm below its junction with the beam.
Beam. Joints should be located at mid-span or over the center of the end column, in direction at right
angles to the length of the beam.
Slab. Joints may be placed at mid-span or directly over the center of the beam at right angles to the length
of the beam
Expansion joints. These joints are provided to allow for expansion of the concrete due to rise in temperature
above the temperature during construction. Expansion joints also permit the contraction of the element.
Expansion joints in India may be provided at an internal of 18 to 21 m

Contraction joint. These joints are provided to permit contraction of the concrete element. These joints are
spaced closer than the expansion joints. These joints do not require any require any load transfer device as
it can be achieved by the interlocking of aggregates. However, some agencies recommended use of dowel
bars fully bounded in concrete.

Warping joint. Warping joints are provided to relieve stresses induced due to warping effect. These are also
known as hinged joints.

6. Estimate the Quantity of cement Required for 12 mm thick cement plastering 1 : 6 on 100 sq.m
new brick work
Answer: 0.274 m3

7. What is workability of concret and how it is measured

Answer:The property of freshly mixed concrete or mortar which determines the ease and homogeneity
with which it can be mixed, placed, consolidated and finished Workability of concrete is measure by
slump tests.
 8. Define the Following terms in concrete:
- Bleeding

in which water or water-rich grout rises to the surface of the concrete to produce laitance,a weak
surface layer, or becomes trapped under the aggregate particles thus enhancing interface transition
zone effects

- Creeping

Creep is defined as the gradual increases in strain or deformation with time for a constant applied stress,
after taking into account other time dependent deformations not associated with stress, i.e. shrinkage,
swelling and thermal deformation

- Seggragtion

After the concrete has been placed, the particles tend to settle and the water to rise. This can lead to
segregation,in which the larger aggregate particles fall to the lower parts of the pour

- Curing

the process of preventing the loss of moisture from the concrete whilst maintaining a satisfactory
temperature regime

9. What do you understand by the term water cement ratio, explain how does the quantity of water
affect the strength of concrete mix

Answer: The water–cement ratio is the ratio of the weight of water to the weight of cement used in a
concrete mix and has an important influence on the quality of concrete produced. A lower water-cement
ratio leads to higher strength and durability, but may make the mix more difficult to place

On the other hand in case the water used is more, it would result in formation of excessive voids and
honey combing in the set concrete. Thereby reducing strength, density and durability.

10. A. what are the main responsibilities of a Provincial Monitor Engineer :

- Close coordination and communication with Relevant Stakeholder
- Visit construction site to monitor: quality of work in terms of design, specifications and material
as per BoQ.
- Take an active role for implementation of projects and check defects in Defects Liability Period
of completed projects
- Arrange Provincial level meeting for those projects which are delayed or have technical
problems, and send proper report to relevant stakeholder
- Keep all Work Plans (Programs of Work) updated as a tool to monitor Progress of construction
work on all construction sites.
- Hold meetings with the site engineers appointed by the contractor or with the Contractor to
discuss the progress, address critical issues and undertake corrective measures accordingly.
B. write down the structure and components of a good technical report

Answer:

Components of report:

Reporter

Report receiver

Date

- Title

- Index

- Summary

- Preface

- Subject statement

- Contents of report

- Conclusion

- Suggestion and References

- Annexes

onstruction is a risky business. Each construction project is unique and comes with its own set of
challenges and opportunities. Identifying and managing risks can be tricky, but not impossible
with careful planning and execution. When a risk turns into reality it can disrupt and derail a
project. In order to avoid disaster, you need to be able to properly assess, control and monitor
risks once they’ve been identified.

Risks aren’t always a negative. Being able to effectively identify and manage risks can lead to
increased profits, establishing good relationships with clients that results in more projects and
being able to expand your business into new markets and sectors.
Types of Risks

In order to identify and manage risks, you need to know the types of risks inherent on
construction projects. These can be financial, contractual, operational and environmental and can
be caused by both internal and external sources.

Common risks include:

 Safety hazards that lead to worker accidents and injuries

 Managing change orders
 Incomplete drawings and poorly defined scope
 Unknown site conditions
 Poorly written contracts
 Unexpected increases in material costs
 Labor shortages
 Damage or theft to equipment and tools
 Natural disasters
 Issues with subcontractors and suppliers
 Availability of building materials
 Poor project management

When risks come to fruition, they can have a serious impact on costs, schedules and performance
of your project which will lead to delays and disputes down the road. The good news is most of
these risks can be managed and mitigated with proper planning and good project management
Calculate the reactions at the supports of a beam
1. A beam is in equilibrium when it is stationary relative to an inertial
reference frame. The following conditions are satisfied when a beam, acted
upon by a system of forces and moments, is in equilibrium.
ΣFx = 0: HA = 0
ΣMA = 0: The sum of the moments about the pin support at the point A:
- q1*10*(10/2) + RB*10 = 0
ΣMB = 0: The sum of the moments about the roller support at the point B:
- RA*10 + q1*10*(10 - 10/2) = 0
2. Calculate reaction of roller support at the point B:
RB = ( q1*10*(10/2)) / 10 = ( 6*10*(10/2)) / 10 = 30.00 (kN)
3. Calculate reaction of pin support at the point A:
RA = ( q1*10*(10 - 10/2)) / 10 = ( 6*10*(10 - 10/2)) / 10 = 30.00 (kN)
4. Solve this system of equations:
HA = 0 (kN)
5. The sum of the forces about the Oy axis is zero:
ΣFy = 0: RA - q1*10 + RB = 30.00*1 - 6*10 + 30.00*1 = 0

Draw diagrams for the beam

Consider first span of the beam 0 ≤ x1 < 10
Determine the equations for the shear force (Q):
Q(x1) = + RA - q1*(x1 - 0)
The values of Q at the edges of the span:
Q1(0) = + 30 - 6*(0 - 0) = 30 (kN)
Q1(10) = + 30 - 6*(10 - 0) = -30 (kN)

The value of Q on this span that crosses the horizontal axis. Intersection
point:
x = 5
Determine the equations for the bending moment (M):
M(x1) = + RA*(x1) - q1*(x1)2/2
The values of M at the edges of the span:
M1(0) = + 30*(0) - 6*(0 - 0)2/2 = 0 (kN*m)
M1(10) = + 30*(10) - 6*(10 - 0)2/2 = 0 (kN*m)

Local extremum at the point x = 5:

M1(5) = + 30*(5) - 6*(5 - 0)2/2 = 75 (kN*m)

1. A beam is in equilibrium when it is stationary relative to an inertial

reference frame. The following conditions are satisfied when a beam, acted
upon by a system of forces and moments, is in equilibrium.
ΣFx = 0: HA = 0
ΣMA = 0: The sum of the moments about the pin support at the point A:
- (U1right *6/2) * (6 - (1/3)*6) + RB*6 = 0
ΣMB = 0: The sum of the moments about the roller support at the point B:
- RA*6 + (U1right *6/2) * (6 - 6 + (1/3)*6) = 0
2. Calculate reaction of roller support at the point B:
RB = ( (U1right *6/2) * (6 - (1/3)*6)) / 6 = ( 6 * 4) / 6 = 4.00 (kN)
3. Calculate reaction of pin support at the point A:
RA = ( (U1right *6/2) * (6 - 6 + (1/3)*6)) / 6 = ( 6 * 2) / 6 = 2.00 (kN)
4. Solve this system of equations:
HA = 0 (kN)
5. The sum of the forces about the Oy axis is zero:
ΣFy = 0: RA - (U1right *6)/2 + RB = 2.00*1 - (2*6)/2 + 4.00*1 = 0

Draw diagrams for the beam

Consider first span of the beam 0 ≤ x1 < 6
Determine the equations for the shear force (Q):
Q(x1) = + RA - (U1right *(x - 0)/6*(x - 0))/2
The values of Q at the edges of the span:
Q1(0) = + 2 - (2*(0 - 0)/6*(0 - 0))/2 = 2 (kN)
Q1(6) = + 2 - (2*(6 - 0)/6*(6 - 0))/2 = -4 (kN)

The value of Q on this span that crosses the horizontal axis. Intersection
point:
x = 3.46
Determine the equations for the bending moment (M):
M(x1) = + RA*(x1) + (U1right *(x - 0)/6*(x - 0))/2*(x - 0)*(1/3)
The values of M at the edges of the span:
M1(0) = + 2*(0) - (2*(0 - 0)/6*(0 - 0))/2*(0 - 0)*(1/3) = 0 (kN*m)
M1(6) = + 2*(6) + (2*(6 - 0)/6*(6 - 0))/2*(6 - 0)*(1/3) = 0 (kN*m)

Local extremum at the point x = 3.46:

M1(3.46) = + 2*(3.46) - (2*(3.4628571428571 - 0)/6*(3.46 - 0))/2*(3.46 -
0)*(1/3) = 4.62 (kN*m)