Vocabulary Extra

Unit 1 3 I see myself as an understanding and

sympathetic person.
1 1 reminder 2 jog 3 loss 4 block
5 playing 6 living 7 fade 8 blank 4 My life is centred on my children, (my)
9 sieve 10 tip grandchildren and (my) hobbies.

2 1 He’s got a memory like a sieve. 5 I am a product of my DNA.

2
This is the worst storm in living memory. 6 I need to feel part of an organisation or group of
some kind.
3
Her mind went blank.
7 I think of my identity in terms of my qualifications
4
I’ll make a note as a reminder.
and profession.
5
His memory’s playing tricks again.
8 I like to think I’m reflected in the volunteer work I
6
I had short-term memory loss. do.
7
His name’s on the tip of my tongue. 3 1 f 2h 3e 4d 5c 6b 7g 8a
8
They showed me a photo to jog my memory. 4 1 No one knew me at all so I felt a loss of identity.
9
Her memory’s starting to fade. 2 He has such a strong sense of self that he never
10 I’ve got a mental block about PIN numbers. feels insecure.
3 1 d 2 h 3 a 4g 5i 6j 7b 8e 3 When I was with them, I had a wonderful sense
9 f 10 c of belonging. I feel a bit lonely now.
4 1 He’s twenty-one if my memory serves me right. 4 In order to identify with others, you need to be
2
She tried to cast her mind back to her early sensitive and open-minded.
childhood. 5 When I’m out walking in the forests and hills, I’m
3
We’ve stored up lots of good memories over the my true self.
years. 6 For a while I was confused and disorientated but
4
I have a dim memory of meeting him at a I feel like my normal self again.
conference. 7 She is always true to herself, which is great.
5
Seeing her again summoned up many happy 8 What gives me a (strong) sense of identity is
memories. being a parent. That’s a very clear role.
6
Well, the name Kevin Koslowski does ring a bell.
7
I had a doctor’s appointment at 2.00 but it slipped Unit 3
my mind. 1 1 obscure 2 an account of 3 daring 4 meant
8
Those eventful days are fixed in my mind forever. a lot to me 5 formative 6 enormously (or
9
I have no recollection of having received the unbelievably) 7 unbelievably (or enormously)
phone call. 8 outright 9 vividly remember 10 a condensed
version
10 Going to my school reunion was a trip down
memory lane. 2 1 You can also get her diaries in a condensed
version.
Unit 2 2 The book was considered very daring at the
time.
1 1 identity 2 myself 3 product 4 centred
3 It was a very formative book for me. It changed
5 influence 6 part 7 reflected 8 defines
the way I thought about history.
2 Suggested answers
4 I vividly remember how I felt when the hero died
1 What’s had a great influence on me was the time at the end of the book.
I won a speech contest.
5 Many people regarded the author as an outright
2 What defines me most is my sense of humour snob but he wasn’t.
and fun.

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 Vocabulary Extra
6 For years the book was obscure, then a critic Unit 5
noticed and publicised it.
1
7 When they returned, they spent a few months 8
p
writing an account of their adventures. 6 7
p p r
8 You must read it! It’s enormously entertaining 1
m u t u a l l y a g r e e a b l e
and everyone I know loves it. r o c
2
l o n g - t e r m p t
9 That’s the kind of book I regard as unbelievably 3
i o i n t e r i m
silly and a complete waste of time. 4
g l o b a l s c
10
I had that book as a child and I remember it l e a

meant a lot to me.

5
d i p l o m a t i c

3 1 page 2 attention 3 narrative 4 eye Across → Down ↓

5 intensely 6 perspective 7 reminder 8 eye
1 mutually agreeable 6 partial
9 easy 10 informative
2 long-term 7 proposed
4 1 perspective 2 an eye-opener 3 keen
4 intensely 5 informative 6 a narrative 3 interim 8 practical
7 a page-turner 8 a read 9 capture 4 global
5 diplomatic
Unit 4 2 1 interim 2 long-term 3 diplomatic 4 partial
1 1 c 2f 3g 4a 5b 6e 7d 5 mutually agreeable 6 proposed 7 practical
8 global
2 1 It seems to mean that more of us will have to
depend on public transport. 3a 1 e 2f 3h 4g 5b 6a 7d 8c
2 The significance of the discovery of DNA cannot 3b a be an uphill battle, spiral out of control, be
be underestimated. trapped in a vicious circle, be a thorny issue, be in a
tight corner
3 It is apparent from his report that urban living
conditions are improving. b take the easy way out, be a quick fix, get to the
bottom of
4 The survey reveals that people are increasingly
moving away from major urban areas. 4 1 Unfortunately, her debts have spiralled out of
control.
5 That doesn’t necessarily mean that we will
experience more extreme weather. 2 It’s not good to take the easy way out of things.
6 It doesn’t indicate much about the popularity of 3 Trying to get into the best university is an uphill
social networking sites. battle.
7 As the/this table shows, total sales for February 4 Using nuclear power is a thorny issue in my
fell dramatically. country.
3 1 implies 2 put 3 interpreted 4 cautiously 5 I’m trapped in a vicious circle of overwork and
5 deduced 6 points 7 jump 8 plausible exhaustion.
9 implication 10 unlikely 6 He’s in a tight corner due to financial problems.
4 1 interpret (it) as 2 implies 3 jump to conclusions 7 This is just a quick fix to your problem.
4 points to 5 put forward 6 implication 7 highly 8 They may never get to the bottom of this
unlikely 8 cautiously suggest 9 plausible problem.
10 deduced

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 Vocabulary Extra
Unit 6 6 One factor in this is the high cost of medical
supplies.
1
7 The main problem is disagreement among the
Words go: → ←↓↑ leaders.
b o r s p e a c s e w y 8 The only long-term solution is widespread
e t e e a y a a a h a a vaccination.
3 1 shift 2 consensus 3 prioritise 4 attributed
d a t c n a a l t e r e
5 stemming 6 account 7 rule 8 maintain
a r o n a h w p a v s e 9 lies 10 ahead
r a u a n a d d a o p c 4 1 Some say the rise of cyberbullying stems from a
s l c h a s e y a m e a lack of empathy in the young.
m i h n e h t g n e l s 2
They have ruled out any further construction of
social housing.
i g a e a o s a e r e a
3
The vaccination program was successful, which
t h n c e r n a k p n x can be attributed to our awareness campaign.
h t s a h t c p r s w a 4
The general consensus is that we must invest
l e c u d e r a a y e a more in the fight against poverty.
a n h x s n a a d a p h 5
I’m afraid the responsibility for the accident lies
with the government.
→ alter, add 6
Some scientists insist on maintaining that global
← lengthen, reduce warming is part of a natural cycle.
7
Regarding immigration, there was a dramatic shift
↓ lighten, retouch, shorten
in public opinion.
↑ enhance, darken, remove 8
A number of serious difficulties lie ahead for
2 1 retouches 2 reduce 3 enhance (or alter) corporations that avoid paying taxes.
4 adding 5 removed 6 shortened 7 darkening 9
Nobody is able to account for the failure of the
(or lightening) 8 lightening (or darkening) war on drugs in this country.
9 lengthen 10 alter (or enhance) 10 The department is prioritising the issue of food
3 1 scar 2 stitches 3 discomfort 4 injection shortage.
5 anaesthetic 6 complications 7 wrinkles
8 needles 9 facial features 10 modifications Unit 8
4 1 stitches 2 scar 3 injection 4 discomfort 1 1 enhanced 2 difference 3 see 4 accepted
5 anaesthetic 6 facial features 7 needle 5 effect 6 identify 7 assurance 8 defined
8 complications 9 wrinkles 10 modifications 9 influence
2 Suggested answers
Unit 7
1 Great clothing makes a difference to what others
1 1 g 2f 3a 4h 5b 6d 7e 8c (or ‘people’) people think of us.
2 1 It’s got a lot to do with the global economy. 2 I don’t worry (or ‘am not worried’) about feeling
2 They don’t necessarily have to take military accepted by others.
action. 3 Everyone’s appearance can be enhanced by
3 It is quite a complicated cultural issue. exercise and a good diet.
4 I believe it’s a question of national security. 4 Brands influence most of us in a variety of
5 Attitudes are changing slowly but surely / different ways.
Attitudes are slowly but surely changing. 5 As for me, I don’t identify with a (or ‘any’)
particular brand.

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 Vocabulary Extra
6 If we have nice things, it has a positive effect on 8 Her article hints at a conspiracy surrounding the
us. president’s death.
7 Try not to allow yourself to be defined by famous 4 1 is a (strong) attack on 2 symbolise 3 reveals
brands. 4 is (also) a reflection of 5 serves as 6 hint at
8 She’s lucky because she has a tremendous 7 typifies 8 personifies
amount of self-assurance.
9 If you drive a Ferrari, it makes people see you in Unit 10
a different way. 1 1 with 2 with 3 about 4 of 5 to 6 to 7 in
3 1 present 2 an aura 3 cultivate 4 come across 2 1 Developing a sense of loyalty is considered
5 illusion 6 radiate 7 stand out 8 message crucial to your success.
9 conscious 10 project
2 I find it quite easy to bond with other people, as I
4 1 comes across 2 cultivated 3 stand out love teamwork.
4 image 5 radiates 6 illusion 7 image-
3 People who get territorial are not able to truly
conscious 8 aura 9 projects 10 sending
bond with others.
4 It’s important to develop a sense of loyalty to
Unit 9 whatever group you belong to.
1 1 e 2f 3d 4b 5c 6a 5 Working with others day in and day out can be
2 1 The president conveys an impression of tiring but it’s just part of life!
confidence. 6 If you belong to a group, you should feel
2 In this painting, the skull represents the idea of confident about displaying pride in it.
death. 7 It’s comforting to feel part of a larger group, like
3 The two cousins epitomise elegance and style. a sports team, a company and so on.
4 The artist has encapsulated the essence of 3 1 fit 2 associate 3 ease 4 bigger 5 left
Victorian morality. 6 drove 7 fend 8 alienated 9 drifted 10 found
5 The circular wedding ring stands for eternity. 4 1 fend for myself 2 felt left out 3 was part of
6 This piece of music epitomises Bach’s later something bigger than myself 4 feel at ease with
style. 5 drifted away 6 drove (him) away 7 associated
with 8 find common ground 9 felt alienated from
7 She embodies the idea of active
10 fitted in
humanitarianism.
8 The picture conveys a feeling of suspense and
Unit 11
excitement.
3 1 It typifies the kind of poems he writes. 1 1 c 2f 3a 4e 5b 6d
2 The activities they’re involved in reveal the kind 2 1 achieve 2 no real justification 3 no sense
of people they are. 4 no point 5 nothing we can do 6 no difference
7 worth
3 The image of a serpent swallowing its own tail
symbolises ‘eternity’. 3 1 unforgivable 2 matter of 3 imperative
4 arose 5 question 6 option 7 came
4 This documentary serves as a reminder of what
8 win-win
life was like in the early 1900s.
4 1 It arose from the need to reorganise the entire
5 Their behaviour is a reflection of the neglect they
school.
experienced as children.
2 We had no choice but to ask him to resign from
6 Clearly, the article was an attack on the
his position.
education system.
3 Refusing to help them would have been
7 In my opinion, that criminal personifies evil!
unforgivable.

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 Vocabulary Extra
4 It was imperative to act before the situation got 7 If you’re going to argue, you should make sure
worse. you get your facts straight.
5 It was a win-win situation for both management 8 Most of his complaints had no basis in fact.
and employees. 9 She has an intimate knowledge of Saint
6 Cutting the education budget was a matter of Petersburg, where she’s lived for years.
necessity.
7 I’m positive some good will come out of this
discussion.
8 Agreeing to their ridiculous demands was out of
the question.

Unit 12
1 1 absorb 2 know 3 these facts 4 value
5 picks up 6 much information 7 pick up
8 knowledge
2 1 I wonder if you could find outA2 some vital
information for me.
2 I’ve been picking upB2 some interesting facts
about the sugar industry.
3 What is the most useful technique for
acquiringB2knowledge?
4 I quickly absorbedC1 all the most important
facts about the organisation.
5 I refuse to commit such useless information to
memoryC2.
6 Employers don’t valueB2 general knowledge like
they used to.
7 How can you be sure that you knowB1 all the
facts?
8 I’m looking upB1 some information on my new
smart phone.
3 1 d 2f 3a 4b 5h 6i 7e 8c 9g
4 1 We don’t know if it’s fact or fiction so we’ve
asked the headmaster for clarification.
2 Conferences are exhausting because you usually
get information overload.
3 My younger brother is a mine of information,
especially when it comes to technology.
4 During the interview, she told me she had a
working knowledge of German.
5 We’ve managed to get some inside information
about the company’s financial situation.
6 She denied all knowledge of the missing
package.

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