Form 4 Chapter 9: Trigonometry II
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Quadrants and angles in the unit circle
y
90° Cartesian plane
can be divided
into four parts
Quadrant Quadrant called quadrants.
180° II I 0°
x
360° Quadrants are
Quadrant Quadrant
III IV named in the
anticlockwise
direction.
270°
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Quadrants and angles in the unit circle
y
Angle is
measured by
P
rotating the line
OP in the
x anticlockwise
O
direction from the
positive x-axis at
the origin, O.
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Verify sin = y-coordinate in quadrant I of the unit circle
PQ
P (x, y) sin = OP
1 y
=
y 1
x =y
O x Q
sin = y-coordinate
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Verify cos = x-coordinate in quadrant I of the unit circle
OQ
P (x, y) cos = OP
1 x
=
y 1
x =x
O x Q
cos = x-coordinate
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y - coordinate
Verify tan = in quadrant I of the unit circle
x - coordinate
y
PQ
P (x, y) tan = OQ
1 y
=
y x
x
x
O Q
tan =
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Determine whether the value is positive or negative
y
Quadrant I = All positive
sin All
Quadrant II = sin positive
II I
x
III IV Quadrant III = tan positive
tan cos
Quadrant IV = cos positive
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Determine whether the value is positive or negative
Example 1: sin 213°
Sin is positive in quadrant II.
y
The angle 213° lies in
213° quadrant III.
x
O
Therefore, the value of
sin 213° is negative.
Not
quadrant II
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Determine whether the value is positive or negative
Example 2: cos 321°
Cos is positive in quadrant IV.
y
The angle 321° lies in
321° quadrant IV.
x
O
Therefore, the value of
cos 321° is positive.
It is
quadrant IV.
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Determine whether the value is positive or negative
Example 3: tan 123°
Tan is positive in quadrant III.
y
The angle 123° lies in
123° quadrant II.
x
O
Therefore, the value of
tan 123° is negative.
Not
quadrant III
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Determine whether the value is positive or negative
Example 4: sin 32°
All positive in quadrant I.
y
The angle 32° lies in
quadrant I.
32° x
O
Therefore, the value of
sin 32° is positive.
It is
quadrant I.
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Determine the values of sine, cosine and tangent
for special angles
sin 45° =
45°
45°
1 cos 45° =
1
tan 45° = 1
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Determine the values of sine, cosine and tangent
for special angles
sin 30° =
30°
2
cos 30° =
60°
tan 30° =
1
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Determine the values of sine, cosine and tangent
for special angles
sin 60° =
30°
2
cos 60° =
60°
tan 60° =
1
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Determine the values of sine, cosine and tangent
for special angles
y 0° 90° 180° 270° 360°
(0, 1) sin 0 1 0 –1 0
cos 1 0 –1 0 1
tan 0 0 0
x
(–1, 0) O (1, 0)
(0, –1)
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Determine the values of sine, cosine and tangent
for special angles
Summary:
0° 30° 45° 60° 90° 180° 270° 360°
sin 0 1 0 –1 0
cos 1 0 –1 0 1
tan 0 1 0 0
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Determine the values of sine, cosine and tangent
for special angles
Question 1: Calculate the values of the following:
7 sin 90° + 4 cos 180 °
Solution:
7 sin 90° + 4 cos 180 ° = 7 × (1) + 4 × (–1)
=7–4
=3
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Values of angles in quadrant II
x = corresponding angle
O in quadrant I
between x-axis and line OP
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Values of angles in quadrant II
y where = 180° –
sin = + sin
P
cos = – cos
x tan = – tan
X
O
= – 90°
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Values of angles in quadrant III
y where = – 180°
sin = – sin
cos = – cos
x tan = + tan
X
O
P
= 270° –
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Values of angles in quadrant IV
y where = 360° –
sin = – sin
cos = + cos
tan = – tan
x
X
O
P
= – 270°
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Finding the value of an angle
Question 1: Find the value of sin 231°.
Solution: y
231° quadrant III
sin 231° negative
sin 231° = – sin (231° – 180°)
231°
x = – sin 51°
O
= – 0.7771
P
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Finding the value of an angle
Question 2: Find the value of cos 303° 17‘.
Solution: y
303° 17' quadrant IV
cos 303° 17' positive
303° 17'
cos 303° 17' = cos (360° – 303° 17')
x = cos 56° 43'
O
= 0.5488
P
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Finding the value of an angle
Question 3: Find the value of tan 117° 13'.
Solution: y
117° 13' quadrant II
P tan 117° 13' negative
tan 117° 13' = – tan (180° – 117° 13')
117° 13'
x = – tan 62° 47'
O
= – 1.945
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Finding angles between 0° and 360°
Question 1: For sin x = 0.9511 where 0° ≤ x ≤ 360°,
find the value of x.
Solution:
y Corresponding acute angle, x = 72°
0.9511 positive
P P Therefore, the acute angle is in
xx 72° quadrant I or II.
72°
and
O
x
Quadrant I: x = 72°
Quadrant II: x = 180° – 72° = 108°
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Finding angles between 0° and 360°
Question 2: For tan x = – 1.746 where 0° ≤ x ≤ 360°,
find the value of x.
Solution:
y Corresponding acute angle, x = 60° 12'
– 1.746 negative
P Therefore, the acute angle is in
x quadrant II or IV.
and
60° 12'
x
x O 60° 12'
Quadrant II: x = 180° – 60° 12' = 119° 48'
P
Quadrant IV: x = 360° – 60° 12' = 299° 48'
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Finding angles between 0° and 360°
Question 3: For cos x = 0.5 where 0° ≤ x ≤ 360°, find
the value of x.
Solution:
y Corresponding acute angle, x = 60°
P 0.5 positive
x Therefore, the acute angle is in
and quadrant I or IV.
60°
x
x O 60°
Quadrant I: x = 60°
P Quadrant IV: x = 360° – 60° = 300°
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Solve problems involving sine, cosine and tangent
Question: In the diagram below, HMS and JHN are straight lines. H is
the midpoint of JN. Given that HM = 12 cm, MN = 13 cm and
FJ = 4 cm, calculate:
N
(a) the length of HN,
(b) the value of cos x°,
x°
(c) the value of tan y°. y°
S
H M
F J
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Solve problems involving sine, cosine and tangent
Solution:
(a) N
Pythagoras’
HN2 = 132 – 122 13 cm
theorem x°
= 169 – 144 y°
S
H 12 cm M
= 25
HN = 5 cm
F J
4 cm
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Solve problems involving sine, cosine and tangent
Solution:
HMS is a straight line
(b) N
x° = 180° – HMN
x°
cos x° = – cos HMN y°
S
H M
=
F J
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Solve problems involving sine, cosine and tangent
Solution:
JHN is a straight line
(c) N
y° = 180° – FHJ
x°
tan y° = – tan FHJ y°
S
H M
=
F J
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