WIRELESS
COMMUNICATIONS
Carlos Pupiales Y.
chpupiales@[Link]
Outline:
• Introduction
• History
• Wireless Networks
• Applications
• The market for Wireless
• Standard Bodies
• Challenges
• Extras
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Introduction
• A wireless communication allows to transmit information using
the air as a medium of communication.
Why wireless?
Why wired?
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A Brief History
• Maxwell and Hertz were the first who wrote the principles to use the
electromagnetic waves to transmit information.
• Tesla demonstrated that wireless communications are possible and he
performed the first wireless communication.
• Tesla developed the first radio system;
however, Marconi was awarded with the
Nobel Price for this. Unfair?
• Military applications drove the wireless
communications to a next level because of the
research performed during and after the
WWII.
Source: F. Molisch, Wireless Communications, 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2011.
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A Brief History (2)
• In 1946, the first mobile telephone system was installed
in USA.
• In 1957, the URSS’ satellite “Sputnik” made possible
satellite communications.
• In 1970, Nippon Telephone and Telegraph (NNT)
developed the first commercial cellphone system.
Source: [Link]
Source: [Link]
Source: [Link]
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Wireless Networks
• WBAN (Wireless Body Area Network)
• Health monitoring sensors.
• Wearables.
• Entertainment devices.
• Applications:
• Sports, electronics, military
• security, health care, and more.
• Protocols:
• Zigbee, Bluetooth. Source: IEEE life science
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Wireless Networks (2)
• WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network)
• Short distances (< 10m).
• Mainly to interconnect with peripheral devices such as PC, printers, speakers,
and mobile phones.
• Low data rate (ussually less than 1Mbps).
• Applications:
• Monitoring, health care, security, data transfer entertainment, remote control.
• Protocols:
• Zigbee, Bluetooth, Ultrawideband, IR.
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Wireless Networks (3)
• WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)
• To interconnect devices in an office, house, or building.
• Coverage less than 100 m.
• Applications:
• Share files, Internet access
• home entertainment, control,
• monitoring, and more.
• Protocols:
• Wi-Fi, HomeRF, HiperLAN
• DLNA, IGRS, and UPnP
Carlos Pupiales Y. - 2018 Source: [Link] 9
Wireless Networks (4)
• WMAN (Wireless Metropolitan Area Network)
• It expands the coverage of a simple WLAN.
• It provides coverage to metropolitan areas.
• High speed access.
• Applications:
• Last mile access or private/public networks.
• Protocols: Source: Wikipedia
• WiMax, Mobile-Fi, HiperMan, HiperAccess
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Wireless Networks (5)
• WAN (Wide Area Networks)
• Large distances coverage.
• Support handover, high speed mobility.
• High capacity (Relatively)
Cellular Networks Satellite Networks
Source: [Link] Source: [Link]
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Applications
Transportation
Smart Buildings
Systems
Personal Communications Wireless
Communications Networks Communications
Healthcare Services Smart Grid
From KTH University
Industry
Process
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Global Mobile Market
Source: GSMA
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Global Mobile Market (2)
Source: GSMA Intelligence
[Link]
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Local Mobile Market
ACTIVE SUBSCRIPTIONS PER TECHNOLOGY
18,000,000
16,000,000
14,000,000
12,000,000
10,000,000
8,000,000
6,000,000
4,000,000
2,000,000
688,357 544,313 389,834 102,115 75,179 83,748 3,009
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Ene 2018
CDMA GSM UMTS HSPA + LTE
Source: ARCOTEL
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IoT Market
Source: State of the Market:
Internet of things 2017, Verizon.
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Standard Bodies
• IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers.
• FCC: Federal Communications Commission.
• ITU-R: International Telecommunications Union Radiocommunications
Sector.
• Wi-Fi Alliance.
• 3GPP: Third Generation Partnership Project.
• ETSI: European Telecommunications Standards Institute.
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Spectrum Bands
To know the possible uses for these
frequencies follow the link:
[Link]
ectrum
Frequency distribution for
mobile operators in Ecuador
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Challenges
• Use of RF spectrum.
• Energy Consumption
• Coverage and Capacity
• Economic Requirements
• Social and Political Aspects
• Price of the offered services
• New services and offers.
• QoE
What are you willing to pay for?
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New Trends
• Internet of Things (IoT)
• [Link]
of-things
• Machine to Machine (M2M)
• [Link]
• 5G
• [Link]
• Smart Cities
• [Link]
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Extra Information
• Magazines:
• [Link]
• [Link]
• [Link]
• Manufactures:
• Ericsson, Huawei, Alcatel-Lucent, Nokia, Cisco, Juniper, Motorola, Apple, etc.
• Operators:
• Telefonica, AT&T, Vodafone, China Mobile, Claro, Telstra, etc.
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You should know
• The importance of wireless communications vs wired
• Pros and Cons of wireless communications
• When to use a wireless network
• What kind of network use depending of the requirements and scenario
• What is the future of wireless communications
• How the RF spectrum is being used worldwide
• Future work for wireless communications
• Where to find updated news about wireless communications
Next time: A Brief of RF Principles
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