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1D Ising Model Partition Function Analysis

This document provides a problem set on 1D Ising and XY models in statistical mechanics. Students are asked to: 1) Find the transfer matrix for the 1D Ising model and use it to compute the partition function and correlation function in the limit of infinite chain size. 2) Analyze the 1D XY model by finding its transfer matrix, computing the partition function and correlation length for infinite chain size, and considering open boundary conditions. 3) Compute thermodynamic quantities like specific heat and spin susceptibility for the 1D Ising model.

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Marc Asenjo
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57 views2 pages

1D Ising Model Partition Function Analysis

This document provides a problem set on 1D Ising and XY models in statistical mechanics. Students are asked to: 1) Find the transfer matrix for the 1D Ising model and use it to compute the partition function and correlation function in the limit of infinite chain size. 2) Analyze the 1D XY model by finding its transfer matrix, computing the partition function and correlation length for infinite chain size, and considering open boundary conditions. 3) Compute thermodynamic quantities like specific heat and spin susceptibility for the 1D Ising model.

Uploaded by

Marc Asenjo
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© All Rights Reserved
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Problem Set 1

Phys 7240, Fall 2014


Due: Sep 11

1 1D Ising model in a magnetic field

The partition function of the ID Ising model in a magnetic field with the periodic boundary
conditions
N −1 N
( )
X X X
Z= exp K σi σi+1 + KσN σ1 + h σi . (1.1)
σk =±1 i=1 i=1

Here K = TJ , and h = µBT B , where B is the magnetic field. The free energy, as always, is
given by F = −T ln Z.

1. Find the transfer matrix T of this Ising model (it is going to be a 2 by 2 matrix).

2. Compute the partition function in the limit N → ∞.

3. Compute the correlation function between the spins, h σk σl i − h σk i h σl i in the limit of


long chain, N → ∞, and large distance between the spins, l − k  1. Find the correlation
length ξ.

4. Find the specific heat at h = 0, defined as



1 ∂ 2 F
c=− T ,
N ∂T 2 h=0

and the spin susceptibility at h = 0, defined as



1 ∂ 2 F
χ=− .
T N ∂h2 h=0

What does the spin susceptivity do when T → 0?

Continued on next page


2 1D XY model
Consider a 1D XY model. It is defined by the variables φk , each taking values from −π
to π, which interact with their neighbors φk+1 and φk−1 so that the partition function is
given by
N N −1
Z π Y ( )
dφl X
Z= exp K cos (φk − φk+1 ) + K cos(φN − φ1 ) . (2.1)
−π l=1 2π k=1

1. Find the transfer matrix T . Hint: This is no longer a simple matrix, but rather an
operator and its eigenvalue equation is an integral equation.

2. Compute the partition function in the limit N → ∞. Hint: The eigenvalue equation √ is
an integral equation, and the normalized eigenfunctions of the transfer matrix are einφ / 2π
for n = 0, ±1, ±2, . . .. It may be helpful to know that, for real a and integer n,
1 Zπ
dϕ ea cos(ϕ)+inϕ = In (a), (2.2)
2π −π
where In is the modified Bessel function.

3. Find the correlation length ξ, in the limit N → ∞.

4. Let us take the XY model with open boundary conditions. Its partition function Z is
given by ( N −1
N
Z π Y )
dφl X
Z= exp K cos (φk − φk+1 ) . (2.3)
−π l=1 2π k=1

(a) Compute this partition function using a trick (invented by Ising), a substitution

ϕi = φi − φi+1 , i = 1, 2, . . . , N − 1; ϕN = φN . (2.4)

(you can also compute it using the transfer matrix, if you wish, but this method is easier
for 1D open boundary condition problems).
(b) Compute also the correlation function
N
( N −1 )
D E 1Zπ Y dφl i(φn −φm )
ei(φn −φm )
X
= e exp K cos (φk − φk+1 ) . (2.5)
Z −π l=1 2π k=1

using the same substitution. Deduce the correlation length ξ and compare it to ξ derived
in part 3.

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