17/11/2018

RIVETS & RIVETED JOINTS

 Rivet
 Types of Rivets
 Rivet symbols
 Riveting
 Caulking adn fullering
 Nomenclature

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RIVET
 Is metal pin used to hold two or more metal sheets, to fasten or join in
aircraft construction, bridges, boilers, storage tanks, pressure vessels,
ships and so on.
 Mild steel, wrought iron, copper and aluminium alloys are some of the
metals commonly used for rivets.
• Manufactured head,
• Shank of rivet,
• Upset to from the second head (Shop Head).
Manufactured head

Shank rivet

Shop head

Types of Rivets

 Following types of rivets are used for

different works
1. Structural rivets (12 to 45 mm dia.)
2. Boiler rivets (12 to 50 mm dia.)
3. Small rivets (2 to 10 mm dia.)
1. Structural rivets (12 to 45 mm dia): used for structural works

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Types of Rivets
2. Boiler rivets (12 to 50 mm dia): used for boiler works

Types of Rivets
3. Small rivets (2 to 10 mm dia): used for general purposes and
are of steel, brass or aluminium

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Two of major type rivets in aircraft (small rivets):

• Solid-shank type, must be driven using bucking bar.
• Special/Blind/Hollow rivet, may be installed where
impossible to use bucking bar.

Lay-out of rivet consists:

• Shank, correspond to thickness of the material.
• Diameter of rivet,
• Upset to from the second head (Shop Head).
Function shop head same as the nut on a bolt.
Countersunk
angle
Shank

A= Total Rivet Length/shank

B= Grip Length (thickness material)
B

C= Shop head Length (1 ½ D)

C

D= Ø Rivet

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Solid-shank type are identified by:

• Kind of material they made,
• Head type,
• Size of shank, and
• Temper condition (indicated by special marking on head).

Brazier/ Universal/ Round Flat

Countersunk
Mashroom Snap

Rivet must be selected to meet the riveting specification:

• Rivet spacing and edge distance.
• Diameter of the rivet hole
• Aerodynamic smoothness
• Size of the rivet bucktail
Rivet selection:
• Replacements must not be made with rivets of lower
strength material.
• Minimum rivet diameter is equal to the thickness (max 3 of
thickness)
• The length of the rivet should equal of the thickness.

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Grip
Clearance
0.003 inc
1.5 D

1.5 D

Used – 3 = 3/16 inch

3
2

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Rivet Symbols
 In case of large drawings where no. of rivets are used, it is
not necessary to draw all rivets.
 For ti, gauge lines are drown and location of rivets are shown
by line sybols as per ISI

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B.I.S standard Rivets (India)

B.I.S standard Rivets (India)

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B.I.S standard Rivets (India)

Rivet joints:
Consider to plate resist shear, bearing and tensile loads.
Factors govern the joint strength:
• Plate specification
• Rivet specification
• Rivet pitch

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Spacing and Edge Distance :

• RIVET SPACING (pitch), never be less than three times the
rivet diameter; measured between the centerlines of rivets
in the same row.

< 3D

Spacing and Edge Distance :

• TRANSVERSE PITCH, distance between rows should never be
less than 2 1/2 times the diameter.

<2½D

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Spacing and Edge Distance :

• EDGE DISTANCE , should not be < 2 times the diameter nor >
4 times the diameter.

2 ½ D Flush
<2-4D
head

Proportions of Riveted Joints

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Proportions of Riveted Joints

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Type of Joints

Single Riveted Lap Joint

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Double riveted lap joint

Single Riveted Single strap Butt joint

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Single Riveted Double strap Butt Joint

Double Riveted Double Strap Butt Joint

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Riveted Joints

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Riveted Joints

Riveted Joints

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Riveted Joints

 Build up girder

Rivet cutter used to trim rivets length when rivets are required
unavailable.
The cutter has a stack of thickness gauge used to determine
the correct rivet length.
Side cutter/diagonal cutting pliers can be use as substitute.

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A rivet set is a tool equipped with a die for driving a particular

type of rivet are used in both hand and pneumatic hammer
riveting

Bucking bars are tools used to

form bucktail (the head formed
during riveting operations) on
rivets.

Bucking bars faces must be kept

smooth and perfectly flat.

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Pneumatically rivet guns.

Basic type of riveting guns:
• Short-stroke, fast hitting usually used for 3/32” or 1/8 “.
• Long-stroke, slower hitting (one shot type).
Classified:
• Light-hitting (used to install 1/32 and 1/8 inch Ø rivet).
• Medium-hitting (used to install 5/32 and 3/16 inch Ø rivet)
• Heavy-hitting (used to install larger Ø and special rivet).

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Skin fasteners used to temporarily secure sheet metal in

position for drilling and riveting to prevent slipping, use by C-
clamps, machine screws, and Cleco fasteners.

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Cleco fasteners size is normally stamped on the fastener

recognized by the color code.
Installed by compressing the spring with Cleco pliers.

5/32 inch Black 3/16 inch Brass

3/32 inch Cadmium 1/4 inch Green
1/8 inch Copper 3/8 inch Red

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Removal of Rivets.

Grind off as much of the rivet's head as possible with a grinder and
grinding wheel, care not to grind into the metal around the rivet.

Removal of Rivets.

Use a small punch and a hammer to

drive the pin down part way through the
rivet, help to guide the drill.

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Removal of Rivets.

Select a drill bit a size smaller than the

rivet (hole exactly in the center not
enlarged) creates a pilot hole for the
next drill step.

Removal of Rivets.

Change to a drill bit the same size as

the rivet and carefully drill out the
rivet.

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Removal of Rivets.

Shear off the head of

the rivet by placing a
chisel flush with the
metal just under the
lip of the rivet head.

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Remove Rivets with a Rivet removal tool.

Special (Blind) rivets:

Manufactured has unique characteristics, require special
procedures installation and removal.
These rivets are inserted in location where shop head can not
be seen, to be set when one side of the work only is accessible.
Serrated stem/Mandrel

Material thick/Grip

Break notch

Mandrel head

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Pin (Hi-shear) rivets have the same shear strength as

bolts of equal diameters.
Classified as special rivets but are not of the blind
type.
Consists of;
• Headed at one end and is grooved about the
circumference at the other.
• Metal collar is swaged onto the grooved end.

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Jo Bolts,
Consists of a threaded steel alloy bolt, a
threaded steel nut, expandable stainless steel
sleeve.
Installation, by turning a bolt while the nut is
held; causes the sleeve to expand over the end
of nut, forming the blind head.
When driving complete, a portion of bolt breaks off.
Installed for permanent structure attachment (not often to
replacement), excellent resist to vibration.

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Sheet gap

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Start to form bulged blind

head

Rivet head firmly seated

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Shearing start pull into

rivet

Locking collar ready to be

inserted

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Completely installed

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