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Common Logging Issues Explained

Logging problems include noise from stray electric fields and vibrations triggering receivers early, Δt stretch in heavily attenuating formations due to threshold detection, cycle skipping from missed first cycles, mud arrivals at detectors due to short spacing between detectors and receivers being read as formation arrivals, and altered zone arrivals interfering with virgin formation readings depending on whether the altered zone has higher or lower velocity than the virgin formation. Spacing detectors further from receivers and using laterally spaced sonde logs can help some issues but not problems with high velocity altered zones.

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4 views1 page

Common Logging Issues Explained

Logging problems include noise from stray electric fields and vibrations triggering receivers early, Δt stretch in heavily attenuating formations due to threshold detection, cycle skipping from missed first cycles, mud arrivals at detectors due to short spacing between detectors and receivers being read as formation arrivals, and altered zone arrivals interfering with virgin formation readings depending on whether the altered zone has higher or lower velocity than the virgin formation. Spacing detectors further from receivers and using laterally spaced sonde logs can help some issues but not problems with high velocity altered zones.

Uploaded by

Atif Malik
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Logging Problems

1: Noise
Noise is generated due to stray electric fields and mechanical vibrations which trigger the
receiver well before time. In order to avoid the false reading all the detectors are disabled for
120 microseconds after the pulse.

2: t Stretch
In heavily attenuating formations the value of t can be slightly too large due to the
thresholding method employed by the detection circuitry. However, this problem is rarely
significant, and is impossible to detect from the log t

3: Cycle Skipping
It is the failure in the detection of first cycle due to thresholding of the detectors. This causes a
marked and sudden shift to higher t values, followed by a shift back again to the correct value.

4: Mud Arrival
The first wave that will arrive at the detector is mostly from the mud. This is due to shorter
spacing between detector and receiver. In order to avoid this problem the spacing is increased
to an optimum level.

5: Altered Zone Arrival


The zone close to borehole maybe invaded or uninvaded. If a low velocity altered zone exists,
the Tx-Rx spacing must be large to ensure that the P-wave from the virgin formation arrives
before that from the altered zone. In this case an LSS should provide better data than a BHC
type log. If a high velocity altered zone exists, there is no solution whatever type of log is used.
The measured log value will be that for the altered zone.

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