JAVA BATCH CLASS 1
NOTES THE DEBUGGING
SOCIETY
What does a computer do?
Basically it takes an input ,processes it and produces some output.
What is a Program?
Sequence of instructions that tells a computer how to perform a task.
-> Computer operates using binary code but we can’t write our code in binary so we
developed concept of language like C++,java,Python [Link] language has some
grammatical rules .These grammatical rules are known as “SYNTAX”.
What is a compiler?
The compiler converts code written in human reading programming language into
machine code representation which is understood by the processor.
What is a linker?
Once the compilation step is done ,another step is needed to create a working executable
that can be invoked and run, that is, associate the function calls (for example) that your
compiled code needs to invoke in order to [Link] link some code in other libraries to
your written code is what a linker [Link] a linker combines these object code
files into an executable.
What is an Algorithm ?
Self contained step by step set of operations to be performed in order to solve a
problem.
Ways to represent an Algorithm.
->Flowcharts
->Pseudo Code
->Code (using c++,java etc)
Two basic concepts of programming
1) Data -> We need variables(envelopes/bucket) to store our data.
2) Instructions
Operations on a variable
Create ,Put some information,Get
Six Basic computer instructions
->Reading/Receiving some information
->Outputting/Printing some information
->Performing arithmetic operations
->Assigning a value to variable
->Conditional Execution (If ,If Else,Else)
-> Repeat a set of actions (Loops)
Notations for Flowchart ‘
Homework
1)Given N, print all numbers from 1 to N.
2) Take 5 numbers and print their average.
3) Given N, find sum of even numbers from 1 to N.
4) Check if N is prime or not (Use modulo operator discussed in class)
Starting with JAVA
import [Link].*;
import is a directive processed by preprocessor which is program invoked by
compiler. So basically this tells compiler to include a file [Link]
[Link] - Contains the collections framework, legacy collection classes, event model,
date and time facilities, internationalization, and miscellaneous utility classes (a string
tokenizer, a random-number generator, and a bit array).
public static void main(String[] args)
Returns void. Execution of every JAVA program begins with main() function,no
matter where it is located.
Every statement is terminated with a semicolon.
DATA TYPES
byte,int,long (to hold integer )
float,double(to hold decimal values)
char (to hold characters)
bool (TRUE/FALSE 1 for true and 0 for false)
/ -> to give single line comments
/*
Multiline comments
*/
Note: Commenting is very important part of software development
Now we will discuss various operations
1) Arithmetic Operations (/,*,+,-)
a) Binary (On two operands) (a+b)
b) Unary (On a single operand e.g a++, a--)
a++ is equivalent to a=a+1
a-- is equivalent to a=a-1
% operator gives us the remainder. E.g 5%2= 1;
Here we will discuss post increment and pre increment.
a++ (Post increment) its value is preserved temporarily until the execution of this
statement and it gets updated before the execution of the next statement
++a (Pre increment) value is incremented instantly.
Sample Programs to understand the difference
[Link] class testSpace {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Int i=10;
[Link](i++); //Output will be 10
[Link](i); //Output will be 11 i.e basically after semicolon value is
incremented
}
}
[Link] class testSpace {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Int i=10;
[Link](++i); //Output will be 11
}
}
2) Relational operations (<, > , <=, >= )
int a=10; //Assigning a value of 10 to a
int a=10;
int b=10;
if(a==b) { // To check if a is equal to b we use “==”
[Link](“ARE EQUAL”);
Note : a+=1 is equivalent to a=a+1;
Similarly a-=1, a*=2
Logical operations
AND (&&) When two statements both are true only then it will give true (Similar To AND
GATE which we studied in class 12)
OR (||)
NOT (!)
Decision making in JAVA
If -
if(condition) {
//execute if condition is true
}
IF ELSE
If (condition) {
}
Else {
//If above condition not satisfied
}
IF ELSE IF
if(condition ){
}
else if(condition ){
}
And so on ……
LOOPS
FOR LOOP
or (initialization expr; test expr; update expr)
{
/ body of the loop
/ statements we want to execute
}
WHILE LOOP
initialization expression;
while (test_expression)
{
// statements
update_expression;
}
DO WHILE
initialization expression;
do
{
// statements
update_expression;
} while (test_expression);
SAMPLE PROGRAMS
1) To calculate simple interest
import [Link];
public class testSpace{
public static void main(String[] args){
Scanner scn=new Scanner([Link]);
int p=[Link]();
int r=[Link]();
int t=[Link]();
[Link](“SI = ” + ((p*r*t)/100) );
2) Print first 10 number of Arithmetic Progression
import [Link];
public class testSpace{
public static void main(String[] args){
Scanner scn=new Scanner([Link]);
int a=[Link]();
int d=[Link]();
for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
[Link]( a+(i*d) );
}
If we chose while loop then
import [Link];
public class testSpace{
public static void main(String[] args){
Scanner scn=new Scanner([Link]);
int a=[Link]();
int d=[Link]();
int i=0;
while(i<10){
[Link]( a+(i*d) );
i++;
3) Largest of 3 Numbers (All 3 are unique numbers)
import [Link];
public class testSpace{
public static void main(String[] args){
Scanner scn=new Scanner([Link]);
int a=[Link]();
int b=[Link]();
int c=[Link]();
if(a>b && a>c){
[Link]( a + “ is greatest” );
}
else if(b>a && b>c){
[Link]( b + “ is greatest” );
else if(c>b && c>a){
[Link]( c + “ is greatest” );
4) Printing pattern 1(for n)
**
***
****
import [Link];
public class testSpace{
public static void main(String[] args){
Scanner scn=new Scanner([Link]);
int n=[Link]();
int nst=1;
for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
for(int cst=1;cst<=nst;cst++){
[Link](“*”);
}
[Link]();
nst++;
5) Pattern 2(for n)
*****
****
***
**
import [Link];
public class testSpace{
public static void main(String[] args){
Scanner scn=new Scanner([Link]);
int n=[Link]();
int nst=n;
int nsp=0;
for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
for(int csp=1;csp<=nsp;csp++){
[Link](“ ”); }
for(int cst=1;cst<=nst;cst++){
[Link](“*”);
[Link]();
nst--;
nsp++;
6) Pattern 3(for n)
***
*****
***
import [Link];
public class testSpace{
public static void main(String[] args){
Scanner scn=new Scanner([Link]);
int n=[Link]();
int nst=1;
int nsp=n/2;
for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
for(int csp=1;csp<=nsp;csp++){
[Link](“ ”);
for(int cst=1;cst<=nst;cst++){
[Link](“*”);
[Link]();
If(i<n/2){
nst+=2;
nsp--;
else{
nst-=2;
nsp++;