INFORMATIVE ANNEX E Informative Annex E_ Types of Construction This informative annex is not a part of the requirements of this NFPA document but is included for informational pur- ‘poses only “Table E.1 contains the fire resistance rating, in hours, for ‘Types I through V construction, The five different types of, construction can be summarized briefly as follows (see also Table E.2): ‘Type 1 is a Fire-Resistive construction type. All structural clements and most interior elements are required to be non- ‘combustible, Interior, nonbearing partitions are permitted to be | or 2 hour rated, For neatly all occupancy types, Type Teonstruetion can be of unlimited height. Type Ml constuction has 3 categories: Fite Resistive, One-Hour Rated, and Non-Rated. The number of slores permited for mutifamily dvellings varies from two for Non-Rated and four for One-Hour Rated to 12 for Fire Resistive construction ‘Type Ill consiiction has two categories: One-Hour Rated and Non-Rates. Both etegoriesrqire the suctra framework and exterior walls to be of noncombustible ma- teri. One-Hour Rated constuction requires all interior partons to be one-hour rated. Non-Rated constuction a- Jows nonbearing interior partions to be of non-ated con- striction, Thgfmaximum permitted nomber of stories for ‘Table E.1 Fire Resistance Ratings for Type I Through Type V Construct ‘Type ‘Type, Tey Type ¥ 42 a3 | m2 au” 200 «| amt 000 Exterior Rearing Walls Supporting more than one flor, 43 2 2 2 1 oo columns, or other bearing walls Supporting one floor only 43 2 2 2 1 oo Supporting a roof only 43 2 2 2 1 oo Interior Bearing Walls Supporting more thin one foe, 3 1 0 2 1 o columns, or other bearing walls Supporting one floor only 1 o 1 1 © Supporting roofs only 3 1 0 1 1 0 Columns ‘Supporting more than one awa. 1 of 0 H 1 ° columns, or other bearing Supporting one floor only ser) 2 1 of 2 0 H 1 o ‘Supporting roofs only 2/1 1 oft ° H 1 0 ‘Beams, Girders, Trusses, and “Arches Supporting more than one floc, 4 3/2 roof 4 o H 1 ° columns, or other bearing walls Supporting one flor only 2 2) 2 1 of 2 o " 1 © Supporting roofs only 2 2 /)1 1 of i 0 H 1 0 Floor-Ceiling Assemblies 2 2/2 1 of 1 0 1 ° Roof-Ceiling Assemblies 2 mi) 4 roof 4 0 H 1 0 Interior Nonbearing Walls o o/]/o o of 0 ° 0 ° 0 Exterior Nonbearing Walls! oF er ce ole o Ca ‘Source: Table 72.1.1 from NFPA 5000, Building Construction and Safety Code, 2009 edition: Hi: Heavy timber members. See 7.3.21 in NFPA 5000 See Section 7.3 in NEPA 5000, ‘See 72.32.12, 124.23, and 7.25.68 in NFPA 5000, 2014 Bion NATIONAL RLECTRICAL CODE 70-363INFORMATIVE ANNEX B ‘multifamily dwellings and other structures is two for Non- Rated and four for One-Hour Rated. ‘Type IV is a single construction category that provides for heavy timber construction, Both the structural frame work and the exterior walls are required to be noncombus- Lible except that wood members of certain minimum sizes are allowed. This construction type is seldom used for mul- lifamily dwellings but, if used, would be permitted to be four stories high. ‘Type V construction has two categories: One-Hour Rated and Non-Rated. One-Hour Rated construction re- ‘quires a minimum of one-hour rated construction through- ‘out the building. Non-rated construction allows: non-rated interior partitions with certain restrictions. The maximum permitted number of stories for multifamily dwellings and other structures is 2 for Non-Rated and 3 for One-Hour Rated. In Table E.1 the system of designating types of construc- tion also includes a specific breakdown of the types of ‘construction through the use of arabic numbers. These ara- bic numbers follow the roman numeral notation where identifying a type of construction {for example, ‘Type (442), Type (111), Type 1H(200)} and indicate the fire resistance rating requirements for certain structural ele ments as follows: ‘Table £3 Cross-Reference of Building Constru ‘Tuble E.2 Maximum Number of Stories for Types V, 1V, and TIT Construction ‘Maximum Number of Stories Permitted Construction Type V Non-Rated \V Non-Rated, Sprinklered VW One-Hour Rated V One-Hour Rated, Sprinklered 1 Heavy Timber TV Heavy Timber, Sprinklered MI Non Rated ML Non-Rated, Sprinklered I One-Hour Rated UL One-Hour Rated, Sprinklered 1) First gre nunty.— exterior bearing walls 2) Seg arabic nur, — columns, beams, girders, sang. arches, supRbring bearing walls, columns, loads more than one floor (3) TRRiabic number — floor construction ble E.3RMayides a comparison of the types of construc- jo" model building codes. (S000: A.[Link]] NFPA S000 (442) 10332), __*1222) m@H) 1200) IVeHH) var —_¥(000) upc — TER 1 uN 9 Mth MN VHT Vibr VN, BINBC 1A 1B 2c 3A, 3B 4 5A. SB SBC I " — Ihe IVUNP Vibe = VUNP tL Vit be VEUNP. ic = 1a iy mA BV vA vB Source: Table A211 from NFA - Bui: Construction and Safety Code, 2009 edition. UBC: Uniform Building Code. FR: Fie rate, IN: Nonsprinklered HIE Heavy timber BINBC: National Building Code SBC: Standard Building Code UNP: Unprotected. SC: International Building Code, 0-864 NATIONALELECTRICAL CODE 2014 EltonInformative Annex F Availability and Reliability for Critical Operations Power Systems; and Development and Implementation of Functional Performance Tests (FPTs) for Critical Operations Power Systems This informative annex is not a part ofthe requirements of this NEPA document but is included for informational pur- poses only. L. Availability and Reliability for Critical Operations Power Systems. Critical operations power systems may support facilities with a variety of objectives that are vital to public safety. Often these objectives are of such critical importance that system downtime is costly in terms of eco: nomic losses, loss of security, or loss of mission, For those reasons, the availability of the critical operations power system, the percentage of time that the system is in service, is important to those facilities. Given a specified level of availability, the reliability and maintainability requirements are then derived based on that availability requirement. Availability. Availability is defined as the percentage of time that a system is available to perform its function(s). Availability is measured in a variety of ways, including the following TAP Availability = ETE where: MTBF. = mean time between failure MTTF = mean time to failure MITR = mean time rep See the following tb of po estab. lish required avalablt jon Power sy. tems Availability Fs of Downtime” 09 876 099 a6 0.999 876 0.9999 0876 0.99999 ‘0.0876 0.999999) 0.00876 0.9999999 0.000878 “Based on a year of 8760 hours Availability of a system in actual operations is dete mined by the following: (1) The frequency of occurrence of failures. Failures may prevent the system from performing its function or may ‘cause a degraded effect on system operation. Frequency of failures is directly related to the system's level of reliability, (2) The time required to restore operations following a sys- tem failure or the time required to perform maintenance to prevent a failure, These times are determined in part by the system's level of maintainability. 3) The logigf€s provided to support maintenance of the ‘number and availability of spares, mainte munel, and other logistics resources (refuel with the system's level of maintain. ‘the total downtime following a system failure. ility. Reliability is concerned with the probability uency of failures (or lack of failures). A commonly sure of reliability for repairable systems is M7BF’ alent measure for nontepairable items is MTTF ity is more accurately expressed as a probability over a given duration of time, cycles, or other parameter. For example, the reliability of a power plant might be stated as 95 percent probability of no failure over a 1000: hour operating period while gencrating a certain level of power. Reliability is usually defined in two ways (the clec~ tical power industry has historically not used these defini- tions) (1) The duration o probability of failure-free performance under stated conditions (2) The probability that an item can perform its intended function for a specified interval under stated conditions [For nonredundant items, this is equivalent to the pre ceding definition (1). For redundant items this is ‘equivalent to the definition of mission reliability.) Maintainability. Maintainability is a measure of how uickly and economically failures can be prevented through preventive maintenance, or system operation can be re stored following failure through corrective maintenance, A commonly used measure of maintainability in terms of cor- rective maintenance is the mean time (o repair (MTTR), Maintainability is not the same thing as maintenance, It is 8 design parameter, while maintenance consists of actions to correct or prevent a failure event Improving Availability, The appropriate methods to use for improving availability depend on whether the facility is being designed or is already in use, For both cases, a reliabilityfavailability analysis should be performed to de- 70-365