MITRC REFRESHER COURSE ANSWER KEY Radiowave Propagation &

Antenna

1. __________ is the amount of voltage induced in a wave by an a. Vertically polarized

electromagnetic wave b. Omnidirectional
a. Receive voltage c. Horizontally polarized
b. Magnetic induction d. Circularly polarized
c. Field strength
d. Power density 13. What is the effective radiated power of a repeater with 200 W
transmitter power output, 4 dB feedline loss, 4 dB duplexer and
2. An electromagnetic wave consists of _____ circulator loss, and 10 dB feedline antenna gain?
a. Both electric and magnetic fields a. 2000 W
b. An electric field only b. 126 W
c. A magnetic field only c. 317 W
d. Non-magnetic field only d. 260 W

3. What is the lowest layer of the ionosphere? 14. In a vacuum the speed of an electromagnetic wave
a. F1 a. Depends on its constant
b. F2 b. Depends on its wavelength
c. E c. Depends on its electric and magnetic fields
d. D d. Is a universal constant

4. Who profounded electromagnetic radiation theory? 15. When the magnetic field is perpendicular to the surface of the
a. Sir Edward Appleton earth, what is the polarization of the TEM wave?
b. James Clerk Maxwell a. Circular
c. Christian Huygens b. Horizontal
d. Sir Isaac Newton c. Vertical
d. Elliptical
5. Frequencies in the UHF range propagate by means of
a. Ground waves 16. A changing magnetic field gives rise to
b. Sky waves a. Sound field
c. Surface waves b. Magnetic field
d. Space waves c. Electric field
d. Nothing in particular
6. Electromagnetic waves are refracted when they __________
a. Pass into a medium of different dielectric constants 17. The index of refraction of a material medium
b. Are polarized at right angles to the direction of propagation a. Is greater than 1
c. Encounter a perfectly conducting surface b. Is less than 1
d. Pass through a small slot in a conducting plane c. Is equal to 1
d. May be any of the above
7. What is the thickest layer of the ionosphere
a. F 2 18. As electromagnetic waves travel in free space, only one of the
b. F1 following can happen to them
c. D a. Absorption
d. E b. Attenuation
c. Refraction
8. What is the highest frequency that can be sent straight upward d. Reflection
and be returned to earth?
a. MUF 19. Groundwave communications is most effective in what
b. Skip frequency frequency range?
c. Critical frequency a. 300 kHz to 3 MHz
d. Gyro frequency b. 3 to 30 MHz
c. 30 to 300 MHz
9. What is the unit of electric field strength? d. Above 300 MHz
a. Volts per square meter
b. Volt per square cm 20. The ionosphere has its greatest effect on signals in what
c. Volts per meter frequency range?
d. Millivolt per watt a. 300 kHz to 3 MHz
b. 3 to 30 MHz
10. Velocity of a radiowave in free space c. 30 to 300 MHz
a. 186,000 miles per sec d. Above 300 MHz
b. 300 x 106 meters per sec
c. 162,000 nautical mile per sec 21. A microwave-transmitting antenna is 550 ft. high. The receiving
d. All of the above antenna is 200 ft. high. The minimum transmission distance is
a. 20 mi
11. Refers to the direction of the electric field vector in space b. 33.2 mi
a. Polarization c. 38.7 mi
b. Directivity d. 53.2 mi
c. Radiation
d. ERP 22. States that power density is inversely proportional to the
distance from its source
12. A TEM wave whose polarization rotates a. Principal or Reciprocity

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MITRC REFRESHER COURSE Radiowave Propagation
& Antenna

b. Inverse Square Law 33. Which ionosphere layer has an average height of 225 km at
c. Huygen’s Principle night?
d. Faraday’s Law a. D layer
b. E layer
23. What is the primary cause of ionization in the atmosphere? c. F1 layer
a. Sun spot d. F2 layer
b. Cosmic rays
c. Galactic disturbance 34. In what range of frequencies are most omnidirectional
d. Ultraviolet radiation horizontally polarized antennas used?
a. VHF, UHF
24. Which layer does not disappear at night? b. VLF, LF
a. D c. SH, EHF
b. E d. MF, HF
c. F1 35. What is the gain of the Hertzian dipole over isotropic antenna?
d. F2 a. 1.64 dB
b. 2.15 dB
25. The shortest distance measured along the earth’s surface that a c. 1.76 dB
skywave is returned to earth d. 1.55 dB
a. MUF
b. Quarter-Wavelength 36. _____ is the measurement of a unilateral antenna properties of
c. Skip distance directivity
d. Skip zone a. Phase angle
b. Antenna gain
26. What do you call the gigantic emissions of hydrogen from the c. Beamwidth
sun? d. Bandwidth
a. Solar flares
b. SIDs 37. _____ is the amount of uncertainly in a system of symbols
c. Kennely-Heaviside a. Bandwidth
d. Sun spots b. Enthalpy
c. Entropy
27. Two directional antennas are pointed so that their beams d. Quantum
intersect in the troposphere 38. If an antenna has a gain of 30 dB, it increases the output of the
a. Skywave transmitter by
b. Surface wave a. 10,000 times
c. Microwave b. 1000 times
d. Troposcatter c. 100 times
d. 1 million times
28. Super refraction
a. Ducting 39. Which does not use vertical polarization antenna?
b. Troposcatter a. AM Broadcasting
c. Skywave b. FM Broadcasting
d. Space wave c. Mobile Communications
d. Satellite Communications
29. Two or more antennas are used separated by several
wavelengths 40. Which antenna radiates an omnidirectional pattern in the
a. Space diversity horizontal plane with vertical polarization?
b. Frequency diversity a. Marconi antenna
c. Hybrid diversity b. Discone antenna
d. Polarization diversity c. Horn antenna
d. Helical antenna
30. Two or more receivers are used using a single antenna 41. An antenna with very high gain and very narrow beamwidth
a. Space diversity a. Helical antenna
b. Frequency diversity b. Discone antenna
c. Hybrid diversity c. Horn antenna
d. Polarization diversity d. Parabolic dish antenna

31. Each point on a spherical waveform maybe a source of a 42. _____ is the horizontal pointing angle of an antenna
secondary spherical wavefront a. Azimuth
a. Snell’s law b. Angle of elevation
b. Huygen’s principle c. Right angle
c. Rayleigh’s principle d. Beamwidth
d. De Morgan’s theorem
43. What is the estimated medium wind loading in the Philippines
32. Ducting occurs in which region of the atmosphere? for antenna tower design?
a. Stratosphere a. 300 kph
b. Troposphere b. 100 kph
c. Ionosphere c. 200 kph
d. Ozone layer d. 250 kph

44. _____ is an open-ended slot antenna

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MITRC REFRESHER COURSE ANSWER KEY Radiowave Propagation &
Antenna

a. Helical antenna
b. Rhombic antenna 55. Which of the following antennas is used for testing and adjusting
c. Notch antenna a transmitter for proper modulation, amplifier operation and
d. Cassegrain antenna frequency accuracy?
a. Elementary
45. What is the radiation characteristic of a dipole antenna? b. Real
a. Omnidirectional c. Isotropic
b. Bidirectional d. Dummy
c. Unidirectional
d. Hemispherical 56. The power fed to a two-bay turnstile antenna is 100 watts. If the
antenna has a 2dB power gain, what is the effective radiated
46. An antenna with unity gain power
a. Rhombic a. 317 watts
b. Half-wave dipole b. 158 watts
c. Isotropic c. 200 watts
d. Whip d. 400 watts

47. An antenna which is one-tenth wavelength long 57. If the length of an antenna is changed from 2.5 meters to 2.8
a. Hertzian dipole meters, its resonant frequency will
b. Loop antenna a. Increase
c. Marconi antenna b. Depend on the velocity factor so the resonant frequency
d. Elementary doublet can either be increased or decreased
c. Will be unchanged
48. What is the minimum number of turns a helix antenna must d. Decrease
have?
a. 3 58. It is an array of metallic conductors buried beneath the antenna,
b. 5 which is used to improve the conductivity of the natural earth
c. 4 a. Loading coil
d. 6 b. ATU
c. Counterpoise
49. Which of the following improves antenna directivity? d. Earth mat
a. Driven element
b. Reflector element 59. What is the electrical wavelength of a 500 MHz signal?
c. Director element a. 60 centimeters
d. Parasitic element b. 6 meters
c. 0.06 meter
50. What is the front-to-back ratio of an antenna which radiates 500 d. 60 meters
watts in a northernly direction and 50 watts in a southernly
direction? 60. Actual height of antenna should be at least
a. 25000 dB a. One wavelength
b. 10 dB b. Half wavelength
c. 100 dB c. Quarter wavelength
d. 20 dB d. Three-fourth wavelength

51. The frequency of operation of a dipole antenna cut to a length of 61. Which antenna is not properly terminated?
3.4 m a. Resonant
a. 88 MHz b. Non-resonant
b. 44 MHz c. Isotropic
c. 22 MHz d. Whip
d. 11 MHz
62. _____ is an antenna array which is highly directional at right
52. Shortening effect of an antenna that makes it appear as if it angles to the plane of the array?
were 5% longer a. Broadside array
a. End effect b. End-fire array
b. Flywheel effect c. Turnstile array
c. Skin effect d. Log-periodic array
d. Capture effect
63. The directivity pattern of an isotropic radiation is
53. A simple half-wavelength antenna radiates the strongest signal a. A figure – 8
a. At 45 degrees to its axis b. A sphere
b. Parallel to its axis c. A unidirectional cardioid
c. At right angles to its axis d. A parabola
d. at 60 degrees to its axis

54. If an antenna is too short for the wavelength being used, the 64. The purpose of stacking elements on an antenna
effective length can be increased by adding a. Sharper directional pattern
a. Capacitance in series b. Increased gain
b. Inductance in series c. Improved bandpass
c. Resistance in parallel d. All of these
d. Resistance in series
65. Where are the voltage nodes in a half-wave antenna?
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MITRC REFRESHER COURSE Radiowave Propagation
& Antenna

a. At the ends c. Hertz

b. Three–quarters of the way from the feed point toward the d. Rhombic
end
c. One–half of the way from the feed point toward the end 76. It is a measure of the microwave power radiated from an
d. At the feed point antenna as a function of angular direction from the antenna axis
a. Antenna pattern
66. A Hertz antenna is operating on a frequency of 2182 kHz and b. Polarization
consists of a horizontal wire that is hanged between two towers. c. Beamwidth
What is the frequency of its third harmonic? d. Sidelobes
a. 727 kHz
b. 6545 kHz 77. In a turnstile antenna, the crossed dipoles are excited with
c. 436 kHz voltages
d. 6.546 kHz a. In phase with each other
b. 360° out of phase with each other
67. What is the gain of an antenna over a half-wavelength dipole c. 90° out of phase with each other
when it has 6 dB gain over an isotropic radiator? d. 180° out of phase with each other
a. 6.0 dB
b. 8.1 dB 78. It is described as the MUF factor
c. 3.9 dB a. sec 
d. 10.0 dB b. cos 
c. sin 
68. What is the usual electrical length of a driven element in an HF
d. csc 
beam antenna?
a. ¼ wavelength
b. ¾ wavelength 79. Known as the technique for adding a series inductor at or near
c. ½ wavelength the center of an antenna element in order to cancel the
d. 1 wavelength capacitive reactance of an antenna
69. Strong interference from one particular station can be eliminated a. Dipole
by the use of b. Center loading
a. Noise limiters c. Reflector
b. Squelch circuits d. Loading coil
c. Negative feedback
d. Wave traps in the antenna circuits 80. At the ends of a half-wave antenna, what values of current and
voltage exist compared to the remainder of the antenna?
70. Good grounding is important for a. Minimum voltage and minimum current
a. Horizontal antennas b. Equal voltage and current
b. Broadside array antennas c. Minimum voltage and maximum current
c. Vertical antennas d. Maximum voltage and minimum current
d. Yagi-Uda antennas

71. Which of the following antennas is best excited from a

waveguide?
a. Biconical
b. Horn
c. Helical
d. Discone

72. Not a reason for the use of an antenna coupler

a. To make the antenna resistive
b. To provide the output amplifier with the correct load
impedance
c. To discriminate against harmonics
d. To prevent reradiation of the local oscillator

73. Which antenna is not a wideband?

a. Discone
b. Folded dipole
c. Helical
d. Marconi

74. _____ is an antenna made up of a number of full wavelengths

a. Elementary doublet
b. Log-periodic
c. Long wire
d. Whip

75. Which antenna does not use the ground?

a. Marconi
b. Yagi

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MITRC REFRESHER COURSE ANSWER KEY Radiowave Propagation &
Antenna