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Roof Framing Components Explained

This document defines key terms and components used in roof framing, including the ridge board, rafters, hips, valleys, sheathing, fascia, soffit, dormers, and pitch. It explains that the ridge board transfers the roof load through rafters to walls below, rafters give the roof its shape, fascia and soffit protect the structure, and sheathing creates a nailable surface. Different roof types - gable, hip, and valley roofs - are illustrated along with their key characteristics and how they are framed.

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Elisha Soriano
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334 views20 pages

Roof Framing Components Explained

This document defines key terms and components used in roof framing, including the ridge board, rafters, hips, valleys, sheathing, fascia, soffit, dormers, and pitch. It explains that the ridge board transfers the roof load through rafters to walls below, rafters give the roof its shape, fascia and soffit protect the structure, and sheathing creates a nailable surface. Different roof types - gable, hip, and valley roofs - are illustrated along with their key characteristics and how they are framed.

Uploaded by

Elisha Soriano
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Objectives
  • Parts of a Roof
  • Ridge Board vs Beam
  • Rafters
  • Fascia & Soffit
  • Gable Roof
  • Hip Roof
  • Valley Roof
  • Dormer
  • Sheathing
  • Roof Pitch
  • Roof Frame Plan
  • Gable Roof Framing Plan
  • Gable Roof Framed
  • Hip & Valley Roof
  • Valley Framed
  • Hip Roof Framing Plan
  • Hipped Roof Framed
  • Different Types of Roofs

Framing a Roof

Architectural Drawing
Objectives
• Define Ridge Board, rafter, hip,
valley, sheathing, fascia, soffit,
dormer, and pitch.
• Label and identify the parts of a
roof framing plan.
Parts of a Roof
• A Ridge Board is a horizontal
member of the roof frame. The
point at which all the rafters are
attached to.
• Transfers the load of the roof
through the rafters to walls
below.
• Ridge Beam sits below the
rafters. Supported by lally
columns.
Ridge Board v.s Beam

Ridge Board Ridge Beam


Rafters
• Rafters extend from the ridge
beam down to the top plate of a
wall. Transfers the roof load in
the process.
• Rafters give the roof its shape
and definition.
Fascia & Soffit
• Fascia hides the end of the
rafter. Protects from weather &
pests. Nailable surface for
gutters.
• Soffit is the underside of a roof,
balcony, or over hang.
Gable Roof
• A Gable Roof is when all rafters
extend downward from the ridge
board/beam.
• No Hips or Valley’s.
• Another default roof in
archiCAD.
Hip Roof
• A Hip is a type of roof where all
sides slope downward to the
walls.
• Default wall in archiCAD.
Valley Roof
• A Valley is a roof design that
creates a “V” shape.
• Often seen on complex roof
shapes.
• Usually has a metal valley
exposed.
Dormer
• A Dormer is a roofed structure
that is used to increase the
livable area in a home.
• Used in lofts and spaces where
the roof pitch is steep leaving
little room.
• Often contains a window to
allow natural light.
Sheathing
• Sheathing is a layer of plywood
or OSB that covers and protects
the structure.
• Creates a nailable surface for
roofing materials.
• Prevents shear forces.
Roof Pitch
• The Roof Pitch is the numerical
measure of how steep or shallow a
roof is.
• Vertical Rise over Horizontal Run.
• In the U.S it is defined by the rise in
inches to a 12” run.
• Example: 3 inch rise per 12” run is
a 3:12 pitch roof.
• 4:12 through 9:12 are the most
common pitches.
Roof Frame Plan
• Roof Frame Plan details the
rafters and the spacing of the
roof.
• Looked at from the birds eye
view.
Gable Roof Framing Plan
Gable Roof Framed
Hip & Valley Roof
Valley Framed
Hip Roof Framing Plan
Hipped Roof Framed
Different Types of Roofs

Framing a Roof Architectural Drawing
Objectives • Define Ridge Board, rafter, hip, valley, sheathing, fascia, soffit, dormer, and pitch. • Label and identify th
Parts of a Roof • A Ridge Board is a horizontal member of the roof frame. The point at which all the rafters are attached
Ridge Board v.s Beam Ridge Board Ridge Beam
Rafters • Rafters extend from the ridge beam down to the top plate of a wall. Transfers the roof load in the process. • Ra
Fascia & Soffit • Fascia hides the end of the rafter. Protects from weather & pests. Nailable surface for gutters. • Soffi
Gable Roof • A Gable Roof is when all rafters extend downward from the ridge board/beam. • No Hips or Valley’s. • Another d
Hip Roof • A Hip is a type of roof where all sides slope downward to the walls. • Default wall in archiCAD.
Valley Roof • A Valley is a roof design that creates a “V” shape. • Often seen on complex roof shapes. • Usually has a meta
Dormer • A Dormer is a roofed structure that is used to increase the livable area in a home. • Used in lofts and spaces whe

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