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Equilibrium Worksheet Answer Key

The document contains 7 chemistry problems involving calculations of equilibrium constants (Kc and Kp) and equilibrium concentrations. Problem 1 calculates Kc for a reaction given initial concentrations. Problem 2 calculates Kp given partial pressures. Problem 3 calculates Kp from Kc and then uses Kp to find an equilibrium concentration. Problem 4 shows how to combine two reactions to determine the Kc of a third reaction. Problem 5 determines if a system is at equilibrium and the direction a reaction would proceed based on the reaction quotient Q. Problem 6 calculates equilibrium concentrations for two reactions, setting up ICE tables and using the equilibrium constant expressions. Problem 7 similarly calculates equilibrium concentrations given different initial amounts and a large K value.

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246 views4 pages

Equilibrium Worksheet Answer Key

The document contains 7 chemistry problems involving calculations of equilibrium constants (Kc and Kp) and equilibrium concentrations. Problem 1 calculates Kc for a reaction given initial concentrations. Problem 2 calculates Kp given partial pressures. Problem 3 calculates Kp from Kc and then uses Kp to find an equilibrium concentration. Problem 4 shows how to combine two reactions to determine the Kc of a third reaction. Problem 5 determines if a system is at equilibrium and the direction a reaction would proceed based on the reaction quotient Q. Problem 6 calculates equilibrium concentrations for two reactions, setting up ICE tables and using the equilibrium constant expressions. Problem 7 similarly calculates equilibrium concentrations given different initial amounts and a large K value.

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Sunny
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  • Overview of Equilibrium Worksheets
  • Detailed Calculations and Reasoning
  • Final Assumptions and Notes

Equilibrium Worksheet Key

1. 2NH3(g)  N2(g) + 3H2(g) At 500 K, the following concentrations were measured:


[N2] = 3.0 x 10-2 M, [H2] = 3.7 x 10-2 M, [NH3] = 1.6 x 10-2 M. What is Kc?

N H 3
K c  2 22 
3.0  10 3.7  10 
-2 -2 3
 5.9  10-3
NH3  1.6  10  -2 2

2. At 1000 K, the equilibrium partial pressures for the reaction below are: CH4 = 0.20 atm,
H2S = 0.25 atm, CS2 = 0.52 atm, and H2 = 0.10 atm. What is Kp?
CH4(g) + 2H2S(g)  CS2(g) + 4H2(g)
(PCS 2 )  (PH2 )4 (0.52)(0.10)4
Kp    4.2  10-3
(PCH 4 )  (P H2 S )2 (0.20)(0.25)2

3. N2(g) + 3H2(g)  2 NH3(g) At 375 C, Kc = 2.79x10-5.


L  atm
a) What is Kp? Kp = Kc(RT)n where R = 0.08206 , T = 375 + 273 = 648 K
K  mol
n = # product gas moles - # reactant gas moles = 2 - 4 = -2
2.79  105
Kp = 2.79  10 0.08206 648
2
= 9.8710-9
5
=
53.175 2

b) What is PNH3 if PH2 = 1.24 atm and PN2 = 2.17 atm at equilibrium?
(PNH3 )2 9
(PNH3 ) 2
Kp   9.87  10 
(PN 2 )  (P H2 )3 (2.17)(1.24)3

(PNH3)2 = 9.8710-9(2.17)(1.24)3 = 4.083610-8

PNH3 = 4.0836 108 = 2.0210-4 atm


4. Given the equations: H2(g) + S(s)  H2S(g) Kc = 1.010-3
S(s) + O2(g)  SO2(g) Kc = 5.0106
Calculate the value of Kc for H2(g) + SO2(g)  H2S(g) + O2(g)
 How can we combine the reactions to match the last reaction?
 Need to reverse the second reaction, then add the two reactions together:
H2(g) + S(s)  H2S(g) Kc = 1.010-3
1
Reverse 2nd reaction: SO2(g)  S(s) + O2(g) Kc = = 2.0107
5.0  10 6

H2(g) + SO2(g)  H2S(g) + O2(g) Kc = (1.010-3)(2.0107) = 2.0104


5. For the reaction, B  2A, Kc = 2. Suppose 3.0 moles of A and 3.0 moles of B are
introduced into a 2.00 L flask.
3.0 mol 3.0 mol [ A] 2 (1.5) 2
[ A]   1.5 M [B]   1.5 M Q= = = 1.5
2.00 L 2.00 L [ B] (1.5)

CHM152 Equilibrium Worksheet Key 1


a) Is this system at equilibrium? No, Q is less than K so not at eq
b) In which direction will the reaction proceed to reach equilibrium? Q < K so there are not
enough products  Reaction shifts right (forwards towards products)
c) As the system moves towards equilibrium, what happens to the concentration of B? A?
B  and A  (Reactants  and products  as rxn shifts )
6. a) Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of all species for the following reaction if the
initial concentrations of H2 and I2 are both 1.00 M.
H2 (g) + I2 (g)  2 HI (g) Kc = 50.5
 Steps: Set up ICE table and Kc, plug Eq terms into Kc & solve for x
H2(g) + I2(g)  2HI(g)
I, M 1.00 1.00 0
C, M -x -x +2x
E, M 1.00 - x 1.00 - x 2x

Kc 
[HI]2 2x 2 
2x 2 
50.5 = Perfect square
[H2 ][I2 ] (1.00  x)(1.00  x) (1.00  x) 2

2x
Take square root both sides: 7.106 =
1.00  x
7.106 (1.00 - x) = 2x  7.106 - 7.106x = 2x  7.106 = 9.106x
7.106
x= = 0.780 thus x = 0.0780 M
9.106
[HI] = 2x = 2(0.780 M) = 1.56 M; [H2] = [I2] = 1.00 – x = 1.00 - 0.780 = 0.22 M
Eq concs: [HI] = 1.56 M, [H2] = [I2] = 0.22 M
b) For the reaction above, if Kp = 50.5 and the initial pressures are HI = 0.975 atm, H2 = 0.105
atm and I2 = 0.105 atm, what are the equilibrium pressures for all the substances?
 Steps: Given intial pressures for all substances so calculate Q to see if at
equilibrium. If Q <, rxn shifts , If Q >, rxn shifts 
 Set up ICE table (+ signs on side where substances , - signs on opposite side)
 Plug Eq terms into Kp & solve for x
(PHI ) 2 (0.975)2
Q Q  86.2
(PH2 )  (P I2 ) (0.105)(0.105)
Q > Kp so too many products are present & reaction shifts left to attain eq
Rxn shifts , thus products decrease (- signs) and reactants increase (+ signs)
H2(g) + I2(g)  2HI(g)
I, atm 0.105 0.105 0.975
C, atm +x +x -2x
E, atm 0.105 + x 0.105 + x 0.975 – 2x

CHM152 Equilibrium Worksheet Key 2


(PHI ) 2 0.975  2x 2 0.975  2x 2
Q 50.5 =  
Perfect square
(PH2 )  (P I2 ) (0.105  x)(0.105  x) (0.105  x )2
0.975  2x
Take square root both sides: 7.106 =
0.105  x
7.106 (0.105 + x) = 0.975 - 2x
0.74613 + 7.106x = 0.975 - 2x
9.106x = 0.22887
0.22887
x= = 0.0251 thus x = 0.0251 atm
9.106

PHI =0.975 – 2x = 0.975 - 2(.0251) = 0.925 atm;


PH2 = PI2 = 0.105 + x = 0.105 + 0.0251 = 0.130 atm
Eq pressures: PHI = 0.925 atm, PH2 = PI2 = 0.130 atm
6. Calculate the equilibrium concentrations for the reaction below if the initial [N2] = 0.80 M and
the initial [O2] = .20 M
N2(g) + O2(g)  2 NO(g) Kc = 1.0 x 10-5
Set up ICE and plug eq concs into Kc!
N2(g) + O2(g)  2 NO(g)
I, M 0.80 0.20 0
C, M -x -x +2x
E, M 0.80 - x 0.20 - x +2x

Kc =
[ NO] 2
1.0x10-5 =
2 x 2
[ N 2 ][O2 ] 0.80  x)(0.20  x 
 Assume x is small (its much smaller than 0.80 or 0.20) because Kc is small (less than 10-3)
-5
1.0x10 =
2x
2

0.80)(0.20
(2x)2 = 1.0x10-5(0.80)(0.20)
4x2 = 1.610-6

1.6  106
x  6.3  10 4 M
4

[N2] = 0.80 – 6.3  10-4 = 0.80 M, [O2] = 0.20 M – 6.3  10-4 = 0.20 M,
[NO] = 2(6.3  10-4 M) = 1.3 x 10-3 M
 Check assumption: (x /smallest initial concentration) * 100% < 5%
 Check answer by plugging concentrations into Kc

7. Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of all species if 3.000 moles of H 2 and 6.000 moles
of F2 are placed in a 3.000 L container.
H2(g) + F2(g)  2HF(g), Kc = 1.15 x 102

CHM152 Equilibrium Worksheet Key 3


 Note: Different intial amounts and large K so short cuts don’t apply!
3.000 moles 6.000 moles
[H2] = = 1.000 M [F2] = = 2.000 M
3.000 L 3.000 L

H2(g) + F2(g) 2HF(g)


I, M 1.000 2.000 0
C, M -x -x +2x
E, M 1.000 - x 2.000 - x +2x

Kc =
[HF ]2
1.15x102 =
2 x 2
[H2 ][F2 ] 1.000  x )( 2.000  x 
(1.15x102)(1.000 - x)(2.000 - x) = 4x2
(1.15x102)(2.000 - 1.000x – 2.000x + x2) = 4x2
(1.15x102)( 2.000 - 3.000x + x2) = 4x2
2.30x102 - 3.45x102 x + 1.15x102x2 = 4x2
(1.11x102)x2 - (3.45x102)x + 2.30x102 = 0
 b  b 2  4ac
ax2 + bx + c = 0 x=
2a

x
 ( 3.45  102 )   3.45 10 2 2
 41.11x102 2.30  102 
x = 2.14 or 0.968
2  1.11x102

 Note: x can’t be 2.14 because this would give us negative equilibrium concentrations
which are physically meaningless, so x = 0.968.
[H2] = 1.000 – 0.968 = 3.2x10-2 M; [F2] = 2.000 – 0.968 = 1.032 M; [HF] = 2(.968) = 1.936 M

CHM152 Equilibrium Worksheet Key 4

CHM152 Equilibrium Worksheet Key 1 Equilibrium Worksheet Key 1. 2NH3(g)  N2(g) + 3H2(g) At 500 K, the following conce
CHM152 Equilibrium Worksheet Key 2 a) Is this system at equilibrium? No, Q is less than K so not at eq b) In which dire
CHM152 Equilibrium Worksheet Key 3 ) P ( ) P ( ) P ( Q 2 2 I H 2 HI   50.5 =     2 2 2 ) x 105 . 0 ( x 2 975 .
CHM152 Equilibrium Worksheet Key 4  Note: Different intial amounts and large K so short cuts don’t apply! [H2] = L . m

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