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LM317 Voltage Regulator & HC-SR04 Sensor Guide

The LM317 is a voltage regulator capable of supplying over 1.5A with an output adjustable between 1.2V and 37V. It requires only two external resistors to set the output voltage and has internal current limiting and thermal protection. The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor uses ultrasonic waves to calculate distance by measuring the time it takes for a pulse to travel to a target and back. It has a measurement range of 2cm to 450cm and accuracy of 3mm. The sensor works by transmitting an ultrasonic pulse and measuring the time for the echo to return, then using the speed of sound to calculate the distance based on the round trip time.

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Shankar Swami
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10 views5 pages

LM317 Voltage Regulator & HC-SR04 Sensor Guide

The LM317 is a voltage regulator capable of supplying over 1.5A with an output adjustable between 1.2V and 37V. It requires only two external resistors to set the output voltage and has internal current limiting and thermal protection. The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor uses ultrasonic waves to calculate distance by measuring the time it takes for a pulse to travel to a target and back. It has a measurement range of 2cm to 450cm and accuracy of 3mm. The sensor works by transmitting an ultrasonic pulse and measuring the time for the echo to return, then using the speed of sound to calculate the distance based on the round trip time.

Uploaded by

Shankar Swami
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1.

SOLAR PANAL

2. LM 317 :-
The LM317 is an adjustable 3−terminal positive voltage regulator capable of supplying in
excess of 1.5 A over an output voltage range of 1.2 V to 37 V. This voltage regulator is
exceptionally easy to use and requires only two external resistors to set the output voltage.
Further, it employs internal current limiting, thermal shutdown and safe area compensation,
making it essentially blow−out proof.
The LM317 serves a wide variety of applications including local, on card regulation. This
device can also be used to make a programmable output regulator, or by connecting a fixed
resistor between the adjustment and output, the LM317 can be used as a precision current
regulator.

Features
 Output Current in Excess of 1.5 A
 Output Adjustable between 1.2 V and 37 V
 Internal Thermal Overload Protection
 Internal Short Circuit Current Limiting Constant with Temperature
 Output Transistor Safe−Area Compensation
 Floating Operation for High Voltage Applications
 Eliminates Stocking many Fixed Voltages
 Available in Surface Mount D2PAK−3, and Standard 3−Lead Transistor Package
 NCV Prefix for Automotive and Other Applications Requiring Unique Site and Control
Change Requirements; AEC−Q100 Qualified and PPAP Capable
 These are Pb−Free Devices
HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

FIG: Ultrasonic Sensor HC SR04


Ultrasonic Sensor HC SR04 Pin Diagram

Ultrasonic Sensor Pin Configuration

Pin
Pin Name Description
Number
1 Vcc The Vcc pin powers the sensor, typically with +5V
Trigger pin is an Input pin. This pin has to be kept
2 Trigger high for 10us to initialize measurement by sending US
wave.
Echo pin is an Output pin. This pin goes high for a
3 Echo period of time which will be equal to the time taken
for the US wave to return back to the sensor.
4 Ground This pin is connected to the Ground of the system.

HC-SR04 Sensor Features

 Operating voltage: +5V


 Theoretical Measuring Distance: 2cm to 450cm
 Practical Measuring Distance: 2cm to 80cm
 Accuracy: 3mm
 Measuring angle covered: <15°
 Operating Current: <15mA
 Operating Frequency: 40Hz
HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor - Working

As shown above the HC-SR04 Ultrasonic (US) sensor is a 4 pin module, whose pin names are
Vcc, Trigger, Echo and Ground respectively. This sensor is a very popular sensor used in many
applications where measuring distance or sensing objects are required. The module has two eyes
like projects in the front which forms the Ultrasonic transmitter and Receiver. The sensor works
with the simple high school formula that

Distance = Speed × Time

The Ultrasonic transmitter transmits an ultrasonic wave, this wave travels in air and when it gets
objected by any material it gets reflected back toward the sensor this reflected wave is observed
by the Ultrasonic receiver module as shown in the picture below

Now, to calculate the distance using the above formulae, we should know the Speed and time.
Since we are using the Ultrasonic wave we know the universal speed of US wave at room
conditions which is 330m/s. The circuitry inbuilt on the module will calculate the time taken for
the US wave to come back and turns on the echo pin high for that same particular amount of
time, this way we can also know the time taken. Now simply calculate the distance using a
microcontroller or microprocessor.

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