eTourism and Online Communication Management

of UNESCO World Heritage Sites: new trends and research

perspectives

June 11, 2015

United Nations University

Operating Unit on Policy-Driven Electronic Governance (UNU-EGOV)
Guimaraes, Portugal

Dr. Nadzeya Kalbaska

Università della Svizzera italiana
Lugano, Switzerland
[Link]@[Link]
 Post-doctoral researcher and lecturer
USI – Universita’ della Svizzera italiana
UNESCO Chair in ICT to develop and promote sustainable tourism in World Heritage
Sites - Lugano, Switzerlad
 General secretary
IFITT – International Federation for IT and Travel and Tourism
Agenda
eTourism domain ¦
Trends ¦
UNESCO World Heritage Sites (WHS) and ICT ¦
Research perspectives
Tourism industry
WTTC, 2015
Tourism industry
Tourism accounts for important part of In 2014 1.1. billion travellers moved
national GDPs and employment across borders for touristic reasons
globally
>> 8 million international tourists
>> In Portugal in 2013: visited Portugal in 2013
- direct contribution to GDP was
EUR9.5bn (5.8% of total GDP) in 2014
Forecast: 6.3% of total GDP in 2024

- tourism directly supported 322,000

jobs (7.2% of total employment)

Sources: WTO, Euromonitor, World Bank

eTourism
ICTs

eTourism

Travel and Tourism

industry
Some facts
Tourism is number 1 in eCommerce

94% french, 91% german and 95% british are now using the web in ONE of the
steps of the tourism related shopping process

European travelers visit on average 22 sites before deciding on their trip

71% of travel searches on YouTube are for specific tourism destinations

9
Sources: WTO, Euromonitor, European e-commerce association
ICT in Tourism

- Facilitate visitors to access tourism products and info anytime from

anywhere

- Give the chance to tourism enterprises to reach targeted customers across

the globe

- Reduce time & costs

- Change the way we run business and have individual travel experience
 Management Sales Communication
and Marketing

• Global • eCommerce - • Communication

Distribution online travel and marketing -
/Property agencies websites by
Management tourism players,
Systems - mobile apps,
occupancy review sites
rates, prices

ICT and tourism industry

 Getting there
Pre Post
and during

ICT and individual experience

 Search Engines
• Image, expectation-
formation Online travel review sites
• Planning Online Travel Agencies or
• Decision-making intermediaries (Expedia or
• Transaction Booking)

Social media, photo sharing

Pre sites, blogs

Specific websites for:

transportation (Rayanair), hotels
(Hotel Fundador), destinations /
attraction (VisitPortugal), culture
(UNESCO), weather forecast
  Smartphones apps
• Short-term decision  Mobile guides and Audioguides
making (podcasts)
• Sharing Location based services: e.g.
• On-site transaction navigation systems, Google maps,
Foursquare
Getting there Payments: Credit Cards

and during Youtube (attractions)

Taking pictures/videos
Stay in contact and be social:
email, skype, photo sharing
WI-FI
  Sharing of experiences on social
• Sharing media

• Documentation Writing reviews for hotels, restaurants

• Re-experiencing and attractions
• Narratiion
Gather more information about the
visited destination
Post Stay in contact with new friends/
colleagues (e-mail, mobile, Skype, social
networks,…)

Stay in contact with the destination

(social networks)
Trends
eTourism trends (i)

Social
Local
Mobile
Real time services

18
eTourism trends (ii)

Multiple screen
Sharing economy

19
eTourism trends (iii)

Augmented reality
Gamification Augmented reality Berlin

20
UNESCO WHS
UNESCO WHS
A World Heritage Site is a
place (such as a building, city,
complex, desert, forest,
island, lake, monument, or
mountain) that is listed by the
United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO) as
being of special cultural or 1007 sites are listed
physical significance 779 cultural, 197 natural, 31 mixed properties

161 states parties

In Portugal – 15 sites
Cultural Monastery of Alcobaça (1989)
Alto Douro Wine Region (2001) Monastery of Batalha (1983)
Central Zone of the Town of Angra do Heroismo in the
Monastery of the Hieronymites and Tower of
Azores (1983)
Convent of Christ in Tomar (1983) Belém in Lisbon (1983)
Cultural Landscape of Sintra (1995) Prehistoric Rock Art Sites in the Côa Valley and
Garrison Border Town of Elvas and its Fortifications (2012) Siega Verde (1998)
Historic Centre of Évora (1986) University of Coimbra – Alta and Sofia (2013)
Historic Centre of Guimarães (2001)
Historic Centre of Oporto (1996)
Natural
Landscape of the Pico Island Vineyard Culture (2004) Laurisilva of Madeira (1999)
UNESCO WHS and ICT
 Upgrade
knowledge /
skills in
MSMTE
Dis-
Enrich visit intermediate
experience (some)
Increase relationships
ownership
and promote
interpersonal
encounters
Widen access

Five main areas of intervention for ICTs

#1: Widen access _1
Provide access to information and share experiences online
E.g.: websites ¦ wikipedia ¦ videos ¦ ….
#1: Widen access _2
E.g.: Evaluation of online presence of WHSs in
Latin America

131 WHSs - 124 websites

>> 34% are managed by governmental institutions, 24% NGOs, and 20% belong to Tourism Boards
The remaining 20% is represented by info portals, private organizations and travel agencies

>> Social media (57 Facebook profiles, 34 Twitter and 28 Youtube channels)
#1: Widen access _3
E.g.: 129 African WHSs: 24 dedicated websites

Lessons learned: Quality of online content (accuracy ¦ authority ¦ currency ¦ objectivity ¦

coverage) and usability of online communication tools
#2: ENRICH VISIT EXPERIENCE
While onsite: mobile access ¦ location based services (LBS) ¦ augmented reality
(AR) ¦ multiple voices ¦ …
#2: ENRICH VISIT EXPERIENCE
The case of mobile apps
July 2013, on iTunes apps 140 out of 981 WHSs
>> 70 Europe, 41 Asia, 13 North America, 6 South America, 5 Africa, 3 Oceania, 2
Central America
>> 47 sites had more than one app

WHS and/or UNESCO logo present in 12.2% and 11.3% of apps

explicit reference to world heritage in 56.5% ¦ year of inscription: 31.3% ¦
specific sustainability hints: 9.6% ¦ actual reason of inscription: 7.8% ¦
UNESCO and its 1972 Convention: 4.4%
E.g.: Patrimonio Ticino

Lessons learned: Open source ¦

no data roaming ¦ clear statement on Outstanding Universal Value ¦
promotion of responsible/sustainable tourism
 #3: Increase ownership and
promote interpersonal
encounters
Digital story telling ¦ informal learning ¦ gamification ¦ …
E.g.: WHACY – World Heritage Awareness Compaign for Youth
(play it! [Link]/retosa)

Lessons Learned: collab. ¦ informal learning + empowerment ¦ 100k+ students involved

#4: DIS-INTERMEDIATE (some)
RELATIONSHIPS
Distribute info ¦ support communication and promotion by local players
 Co-Design of eTourism Application. The Case of Ilha de Mozambique By Salomao David and Lorenzo Cantoni Download PDF
Communicating Tourism Sustainability Online. The Case of Victoria Falls World Heritage Site. By Maria Garbelli, Asta Adukaite and Lorenzo Cantoni Download PDF

E.g.: [Link] (collab. ¦ unexpected payers (Multimedia

Center) ¦ local involvement ¦ MSMTE)
E.g.: [Link] (from NGO’s to tourism communication)
#5: UPGRADE
KNOWLEDGE/SKILLS
eLearning ¦ Open Educational Resources (OER) ¦
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)
E.g.: [Link] ¦ [Link]
eTourism Research:
USI perspective

Online Communication
by Destination Management Organization
DMO online communication
Listening

Speaking

Being aware
Listening to User Generated Contents by travelers (and
prospects) and to their online behavior

 Benchmarking of online presence in mobile apps and websites

 Reputation studies in online media
 Argumentation analysis
 Evaluation of pictures taken by visitors
 Usages' analysis and Big data
Speaking in a usable way to the right people
 Online communication and promotion strategies
 Back-linking ¦ Social Media ¦ Search Engine Marketing
 Usability analysis & eye-tracking

Being aware of such dynamics

Evaluation of maturity
Understanding of public policy perspective and eGovernment
practices
Conclusions
• eTourism domain ¦ • Fast developing domain
• Trends ¦ • Needs to be understood and
• UNESCO World Heritage Sites managed
(WHS) and ICT ¦ • Interdisciplinary approach
• Research perspectives • Research centers + public bodies
+ industry representatives 
successful & sustainable
development of the industry
 [Link]
[Link]
Dr. Nadzeya Kalbaska
Università della Svizzera italiana (USI Lugano, Switzerland)
[Link]@[Link]