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Subnet Mask Analysis and Conversion Guide

This document is a chapter from a textbook about analyzing subnet masks. It discusses subnet masks in binary, decimal, and prefix notation and how to convert between the different formats. It also covers how subnet masks are used to define the subnet and host portions of IP addresses and how they determine the number of subnets and hosts per subnet in a network. The chapter provides instructions and examples for identifying subnet design choices based on the subnet mask.

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Abebe Tesfaye
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7 views12 pages

Subnet Mask Analysis and Conversion Guide

This document is a chapter from a textbook about analyzing subnet masks. It discusses subnet masks in binary, decimal, and prefix notation and how to convert between the different formats. It also covers how subnet masks are used to define the subnet and host portions of IP addresses and how they determine the number of subnets and hosts per subnet in a network. The chapter provides instructions and examples for identifying subnet design choices based on the subnet mask.

Uploaded by

Abebe Tesfaye
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Interconnecting Cisco Networking

Devices Part 1
ICND1 100-105

Instructor
Paul A. Parker

1
Chapter 15

Analyzing Subnet Masks

2
Chapter 15
Foundation Topics
v Subnet Mask Conversion
▼ Three Mask Formats
➘  Binary Notation
➘  Masks must follow these rules:
➼  The binary value must not interleave 1s and 0s.
➼  If 1s exist, they are on the left.
➼  If 0s exist, they are on the right.
➘  Dotted-Decimal Notation (DDN)
➘  Each 8-bit octet is converted to its decimal equivalent.
➘  Each octet is separated by a decimal point (period).
➘  Prefix Notation
➘  The prefix format use a slash (/) followed by the number of binary 1s in
the mask.

ITEC 1506 – Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 3


Chapter 15
Converting Between Binary and Prefix Masks
v Binary to Prefix
▼ Count the number of binary 1s in the binary mask and write the
total in decimal after a /.
v Prefix to Binary
▼ Write P binary 1s where P is the prefix value, followed by as
many 0s as required to create a 32-bit number.

ITEC 1506 – Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 4


Chapter 15
Converting Between Binary and DDN Masks
v Binary to Decimal
▼ Organize the bits into four sets of eight. Using the table write
down the corresponding decimal value.
v Decimal to Binary
▼ For each octet, find the decimal
value in the table and write down
the corresponding 8-bit value.

ITEC 1506 – Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 5


Chapter 15
Converting Between Prefix and DDN Masks
v Prefix to Decimal
▼ When first learning to convert between prefix and decimal
formats it is easiest to convert to binary then convert to the
desired format using the conversion table.
▼ For the exams you should master the conversions in your head
without having to refer to a table.

ITEC 1506 – Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 6


Chapter 15
Identifying Subnet Design Choices Using Masks
v The purpose for the mask is the following:
▼ Defines the size of the prefix (combined network and subnet)
part of the addresses in a subnet.
▼ Defines the size of the host part of the addresses in the subnet.
▼ Can be used to calculate the number of hosts in the subnet.
▼ Provides a means for the network designer to communicate the
design details—the number of subnet and host bits—to the
devices in the network.
▼ Under certain assumptions, can be used to calculate the number
of subnets in the entire classful network.
▼ Can be used in binary calculations of both the subnet ID and the
subnet broadcast address.

ITEC 1506 – Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 7


Chapter 15
Masks Divide the Subnet’s Addresses into Parts
v Prefix (subnet) part: Equal in all addresses in the
same subnet.
v Host part: Different in all addresses in the same subnet.

ITEC 1506 – Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 8


Chapter 15
Classless and Classful Addressing
v Classless addressing: The concept that an IPv4
address has two parts—the prefix part plus the host part
—as defined by the mask, with no consideration of the
class (A, B, or C).
v Classful addressing: The concept that an IPv4 address
has three parts—network, subnet, and host—as defined
by the mask and Class A, B, and C rules.

ITEC 1506 – Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 9


Chapter 15
Relationship Between /P, N, S, and H
v Calculating the Number of Subnets and Hosts per
Subnet:
▼ Step 1. Convert the mask to prefix
format (/P) as needed.
▼ Step 2. Determine N based on the
class.
▼ Step 3. Calculate S = P – N.
▼ Step 4. Calculate H = 32 – P.
▼ Step 5. Calculate hosts/subnet: 2H – 2.
▼ Step 6. Calculate number of subnet: 2S.

ITEC 1506 – Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 10


Chapter 15
Exam Preparation Tasks

ITEC 1506 – Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 11


Questions?

12

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