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Fluid Dynamics Equations and Analysis

This document contains: 1) Equations for the radial, tangential, and x-components of velocity, as well as pressure, for flow past a circular cylinder. 2) Normal vectors for the four surfaces used to evaluate surface integrals. 3) Evaluations of surface integrals over different surfaces to calculate (a) the net x-component of momentum, (b) the net x-component of momentum on surface I, (c) the pressure force on surface II, (d) the shear force on surface II, and (e) the pressure and normal force on surface III. 4) Equations for the continuity equation in cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems for constant density flow.

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Ali M Anttho
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3 views7 pages

Fluid Dynamics Equations and Analysis

This document contains: 1) Equations for the radial, tangential, and x-components of velocity, as well as pressure, for flow past a circular cylinder. 2) Normal vectors for the four surfaces used to evaluate surface integrals. 3) Evaluations of surface integrals over different surfaces to calculate (a) the net x-component of momentum, (b) the net x-component of momentum on surface I, (c) the pressure force on surface II, (d) the shear force on surface II, and (e) the pressure and normal force on surface III. 4) Equations for the continuity equation in cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems for constant density flow.

Uploaded by

Ali M Anttho
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Part # 2:

P 5-1:

𝑟 2 𝑟 2
𝑣𝑟 = −𝑈 cos 𝜃 [1 − ( 𝑟0 ) ] 𝑣𝜃 = 𝑈 sin 𝜃 [1 + ( 𝑟0 ) ] 𝑣𝑥 = 𝑣𝑟 cos 𝜃 − 𝑣𝜃 sin 𝜃

1 𝑟0 2 𝑟0 4
𝑝 = 𝜌𝑈 2 [2 ( ) (1 − 2 sin2 𝜃) − ( ) ]
2 𝑟 𝑟

Surface Normal (r, θ) Normal (x, y)


SI [1 0] [sinθ cosθ]
SII [0 1] [-1 0]
SIII [-1 0] [-sinθ -cosθ]
SIV [0 1] [-1 0]

P 5-1 (a):

𝜋 𝜋
1 𝑅0 𝑅0
2 2
∫ 𝜌𝑣𝑥 𝑑𝑉 = ∫ ∫ ∫ 𝜌𝑣𝑥 𝑟𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑧 = 𝜌 ∫ ∫ 𝑟(𝑣𝑟 cos 𝜃 − 𝑣𝜃 sin 𝜃)𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑟
𝜋 𝜋
𝐹𝑅 0 𝑟0 − 𝑟0 −
2 2

𝜋
𝑅0
2 𝑟0 2 𝑟0 2
= 𝜌𝑈 ∫ ∫ 𝑟 (− cos 𝜃 [1 − ( ) ] cos 𝜃 − sin 𝜃 [1 + ( ) ] sin 𝜃) 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑟
𝑟0 −
𝜋 𝑟 𝑟
2

𝜋
𝑅0
2 𝑟0 2 𝑟0 2
= −𝜌𝑈 ∫ ∫ 𝑟 (cos2 𝜃 [1 − ( ) ] + sin2 𝜃 [1 + ( ) ]) 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑟
𝑟0 −
𝜋 𝑟 𝑟
2

𝜋
𝑅0
1 𝑟0 2 1 𝑟0 2 2
= −𝜌𝑈 ∫ |𝑟 ( (𝜃 + sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃) [1 − ( ) ] + (𝜃 − sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃) [1 + ( ) ])| 𝜋 𝑑𝑟
𝑟0 2 𝑟 2 𝑟 −
2

𝑅0 𝑅0
𝜋 𝑟0 2 𝜋 𝑟0 2 1 𝑟0 2 𝑟0 2
= −𝜌𝑈 ∫ 𝑟 ( [1 − ( ) ] + [1 + ( ) ]) 𝑑𝑟 = − 𝜋𝜌𝑈 ∫ 𝑟 (1 − ( ) + 1 + ( ) ) 𝑑𝑟
𝑟0 2 𝑟 2 𝑟 2 𝑟0 𝑟 𝑟

𝑅0
1 1 𝑅 1 𝜋
= − 𝜋𝜌𝑈 ∫ 2𝑟𝑑𝑟 = − 𝜋𝜌𝑈|𝑟 2 |𝑟00 = − 𝜋𝜌𝑈(𝑅02 − 𝑟02 ) = −𝜌𝑈 (𝑅02 − 𝑟02 )
2 𝑟0 2 2 2

P 5-1 (b):

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
2 2 𝑟0 2 2
∫ 𝜌𝑛𝑖 𝑣𝑖 𝑑𝑆 = ∫ 𝜌(𝑛𝑟 𝑣𝑟 + 𝑛𝜃 𝑣𝜃 )𝑅0 𝑑𝜃 = 𝜌 ∫ (𝑛𝑟 𝑣𝑟 )𝑅0 𝑑𝜃 = 𝜌𝑅0 ∫ (−𝑈 cos 𝜃 [1 − ( ) ]) 𝑑𝜃
𝑆𝐼 −
𝜋
−
𝜋
−
𝜋 𝑅0
2 2 2

𝜋
𝜋
𝑟0 2 2 𝑟0 2 𝑟0 2
= −𝜌𝑈𝑅0 [1 − ( ) ] ∫ cos 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = −𝜌𝑈𝑅0 [1 − ( ) ] |sin 𝜃| 2 𝜋 = −2𝜌𝑈𝑅0 [1 − ( ) ]
𝑅0 −
𝜋 𝑅0 −
2 𝑅0
2
P 5-1 (c):

𝑅0 𝑅0
1 2 𝑟0 2 𝜋 𝑟0 4
− ∫ 𝑝𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑆 = − ∫ 𝑝𝑛𝜃 𝑑𝑟 = − ∫ 𝜌𝑈 [2 ( ) (1 − 2 sin2 ) − ( ) ] 𝑑𝑟
𝑆𝐼𝐼 𝑟0 𝑟0 2 𝑟 2 𝑟

𝑅0 𝑅0
1 𝑟0 2 𝑟0 4 1 1 1
= − 𝜌𝑈 2 ∫ [−2 ( ) − ( ) ] 𝑑𝑟 = − 𝜌𝑈 2 ∫ [−2𝑟02 2 − 𝑟04 4 ] 𝑑𝑟
2 𝑟0 𝑟 𝑟 2 𝑟0 𝑟 𝑟
1 𝑅0
1 1 1 1 1 𝑅0
= − 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑟02 ∫ [−2 2 − 𝑟02 4 ] 𝑑𝑟 = − 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑟02 [2 + 𝑟02 3 ]
2 𝑟0 𝑟 𝑟 2 𝑟 3𝑟 𝑟0

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5
= − 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑟02 [−2 + 𝑟02 3 + 2 − 𝑟02 3 ] = − 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑟02 [−2 + 𝑟02 3 + ]
2 𝑅0 3𝑅0 𝑟0 3𝑟0 2 𝑅0 3𝑅0 3𝑟0

1 𝑟0 1 𝑟0 3 5
= 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑟0 [2 ( ) − ( ) − ]
2 𝑅0 3 𝑅0 3

P 5-1 (d):

𝑅0 𝑅0 𝑅0
𝜋 𝜋
∫ 𝜌𝑛𝑖 𝑣𝑖 𝑣𝑥 𝑑𝑆 = 𝜌 ∫ 𝑛𝜃 𝑣𝜃 𝑣𝑥 𝑑𝑟 = 𝜌 ∫ 𝑣𝜃 (𝑣𝑟 cos − 𝑣𝜃 sin ) 𝑑𝑟 = −𝜌 ∫ 𝑣𝜃2 𝑑𝑟
𝑆𝐼𝐼 𝑟0 𝑟0 2 2 𝑟0
𝑅0
𝜋 𝑟0 2 2 𝑅0
𝑟0 2 2
= −𝜌 ∫ ( 𝑈 sin [1 + ( ) ]) 𝑑𝑟 = −𝜌𝑈 2 ∫ ( [1 + ( ) ]) 𝑑𝑟
𝑟0 2 𝑟 𝑟0 𝑟
𝑅0 𝑟0 1 𝑟0 3 4
= −𝜌𝑈 2 𝑟0 [ − 2 ( ) − ( ) − ]
𝑟0 𝑅0 3 𝑅0 3

P 5-1 (e):

𝜋 𝜋
2 2 1 2 𝑟0 2 𝑟0 4
− ∫ 𝑛𝑥 𝑝𝑑𝑆 = + ∫ 𝑝 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑟0 𝑑𝜃 = 𝑟0 ∫ 𝜌𝑈 [2 ( ) (1 − 2 sin2 𝜃) − ( ) ] 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑑𝜃
− 2 𝑟0 𝑟0
𝜋 𝜋
𝑆𝐼𝐼𝐼 −
2 2

𝜋 𝜋
1 2 1 2
= 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑟0 ∫ [1 − 4 sin2 𝜃] 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑟0 ∫ [−3 + 4 cos2 𝜃] 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑑𝜃
2 −
𝜋 2 −
𝜋
2 2
𝜋 𝜋
1 2 1 4 2 5
= 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑟0 ∫ [4 cos3 𝜃 − 3 cos 𝜃] 𝑑𝜃 = 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑟0 [ sin3 𝜃 − 3 sin 𝜃] 𝜋 = 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑟0
2 −
𝜋 2 3 − 3
2 2

P 5-1 (e):

𝜋 𝜋
1 22 𝑟0 2 𝑟0 4 1 2
− ∫ 𝑛𝑟 𝑝 𝑟𝑑𝜃 = + ∫ 𝜌𝑈 [2 ( ) (1 − 2 sin2 𝜃) − ( ) ] 𝑟0 𝑑𝜃 = 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑟0 ∫ [2(1 − 2 sin2 𝜃) − 1] 𝑑𝜃
− 2 𝑟0 𝑟0 2
𝜋 𝜋
𝑆𝐼𝐼𝐼 −
2 2

𝜋 𝜋
1 2 1 1 1 2 𝜋
= 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑟0 ∫ [1 − 4 sin2 𝜃] 𝑑𝜃 = 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑟0 [𝜃 − 4 ( 𝜃 − sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃)] 𝜋 = 𝜌𝑈 2
2 −
𝜋 2 2 2 − 2
2 2
P 5-2:

For constant density:

Cylindrical Coordinate System: 1 𝜕 1 𝜕 𝜕


(𝑟𝑣𝑟 ) + (𝑣𝜃 ) + (𝑣𝑧 ) = 0
𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝑧

Spherical Coordinate System: 1 𝜕 2 1 𝜕 1 𝜕


(𝑟 𝑣𝑟 ) + (𝑣𝜃 sin 𝜃) + (𝑣 ) = 0
2
𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝜕𝜙 𝜙

For Radial Flow:

Cylindrical Coordinate System: Spherical Coordinate System:

1 𝜕 1 𝜕 2
(𝑟𝑣𝑟 ) = 0 (𝑟 𝑣𝑟 ) = 0
𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 2 𝜕𝑟

𝜕 𝜕 2
(𝑟𝑣𝑟 ) = 0 (𝑟 𝑣𝑟 ) = 0
𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟

𝑟𝑣𝑟 = 𝐶 𝑟 2 𝑣𝑟 = 𝐶

𝐶 𝐶
𝑣𝑟 = 𝑣𝑟 =
𝑟 𝑟2

5C
CYL
SPH
4C

3C

2C

1C

C
0 1 2 3 4 5
P 5-11:

Continuity:

𝑑
∫ 𝜌𝑑𝑉 = − ∫ 𝜌𝑛𝑗 (𝑣𝑗 − 𝑤𝑗 )𝑑𝑆
𝑑𝑡

𝑑
∫ 𝜌𝑑𝑉 = − ∫ 𝜌𝑛𝑗 𝑣𝑗 𝑑𝑆
𝑑𝑡

0 = −𝐴𝑗 𝑉𝑗 + 𝐴1 𝑉1 + 𝐴2 𝑉2

𝐴1 = 𝐴2 0 = −𝐴𝑗 𝑉𝑗 + 𝐴1 𝑉1 + 𝐴1 𝑉2

0 = −𝐴𝑗 𝑉𝑗 + 𝐴1 (𝑉1 + 𝑉2 )

𝐴𝑗 = 𝐴1 + 𝐴2

𝑉1 = 𝑉2 = 𝑉𝑗

Momentum in i-direction:

𝑑
∫ 𝜌𝑣𝑖 𝑑𝑉 = − ∫[𝜌𝑛𝑗 (𝑣𝑗 − 𝑤𝑗 )𝑣𝑖 ]𝑑𝑆 + ∫ 𝐹𝑖 𝑑𝑉
𝑑𝑡

𝑑
∫ 𝜌𝑣𝑖 𝑑𝑉 = − ∫[𝜌𝑛𝑗 𝑣𝑗 𝑣𝑖 ]𝑑𝑆 + ∫ 𝐹𝑖 𝑑𝑉
𝑑𝑡

Momentum in x-direction:

0 = −𝜌(−𝑉𝑗 )𝑉𝑗 𝐴𝑗 − 𝜌𝐴1 (𝑉1 )𝑉1 cos 𝛼 − 𝜌𝐴2 (𝑉2 )𝑉2 cos 𝛼 − 𝐹𝑥

0 = 𝜌𝑉𝑗2 𝐴𝑗 − 𝜌𝐴1 𝑉12 cos 𝛼 − 𝜌𝐴2 𝑉22 cos 𝛼 − 𝐹𝑥 = 𝜌𝑉𝑗2 𝐴𝑗 − 𝜌𝐴1 𝑉𝑗2 cos 𝛼 − 𝜌𝐴2 𝑉𝑗2 cos 𝛼 − 𝐹𝑥

0 = 𝜌𝑉𝑗2 (𝐴𝑗 − (𝐴1 + 𝐴2 ) cos 𝛼) − 𝐹𝑥 = 𝜌𝑉𝑗2 (𝐴𝑗 − 𝐴𝑗 cos 𝛼) − 𝐹𝑥

𝐹𝑥 = 𝜌𝑉𝑗2 𝐴𝑗 (1 − cos 𝛼)
P 5-13:

Continuity:

𝑑
∫ 𝜌𝑑𝑉 = − ∫ 𝜌𝑛𝑗 (𝑣𝑗 − 𝑤𝑗 )𝑑𝑆
𝑑𝑡

0 = − ∫ 𝜌𝑛𝑗 𝑣𝑗 𝑑𝑆

0 = −𝐴1 𝑉1 + 𝐴2 𝑉2

𝑚
𝐴1 = 5𝐴2 0 = −5𝐴2 𝑉1 + 𝐴2 𝑉2 𝑉2 = 5𝑉1 = 5 × 5 = 25
𝑠

Momentum in i-direction:

𝑑
∫ 𝜌𝑣𝑖 𝑑𝑉 = − ∫[𝜌𝑛𝑗 (𝑣𝑗 − 𝑤𝑗 )𝑣𝑖 ]𝑑𝑆 + ∫ 𝐹𝑖 𝑑𝑉
𝑑𝑡

0 = − ∫[𝜌𝑛𝑗 𝑣𝑗 𝑣𝑖 ]𝑑𝑆 + ∫ 𝐹𝑖 𝑑𝑉

Momentum in x-direction:

0 = −𝜌((−𝑉1 )𝑉1 𝐴1 + (𝑉2 )𝑉2 𝐴2 ) + 𝑃1 𝐴1 − 𝑃2 𝐴2 + 𝐹𝑥

0 = −𝜌(−𝑉12 𝐴1 + 𝑉22 𝐴2 ) + 𝑃1 𝐴1 − 𝑃2 𝐴2 + 𝐹𝑥

0 = −𝜌(−5𝑉12 𝐴2 + 𝑉22 𝐴2 ) + 5𝑃1 𝐴2 − 𝑃2 𝐴2 + 𝐹𝑥

0 = 5𝜌𝑉12 𝐴2 − 𝜌𝑉22 𝐴2 + 5𝑃1 𝐴2 − 𝑃2 𝐴2 + 𝐹𝑥

𝐹𝑥 = (5𝜌𝑉12 − 𝜌𝑉22 + 5𝑃1 − 𝑃2 )𝐴2


P 5-16:

Continuity:

𝑑
∫ 𝜌𝑑𝑉 = − ∫ 𝜌𝑛𝑗 (𝑣𝑗 − 𝑤𝑗 )𝑑𝑆
𝑑𝑡
0 = (𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤)𝐴𝑗 − 2(𝑉2 − 𝑤 cos 𝛼)𝐴2

𝐴1 = 𝐴2 𝐴𝑗 = 𝐴1 + 𝐴2 = 2𝐴2

0 = (𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤) − (𝑉2 − 𝑤 cos 𝛼)

𝑉2 = 𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤(1 − cos 𝛼)

Momentum in i-direction:

𝑑
∫ 𝜌𝑣𝑖 𝑑𝑉 = − ∫[𝜌𝑛𝑗 (𝑣𝑗 − 𝑤𝑗 )𝑣𝑖 ]𝑑𝑆 + ∫ 𝐹𝑖 𝑑𝑉
𝑑𝑡

Momentum in x-direction:

0 = 𝜌(𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤)𝑉𝑗 𝐴𝑗 − 2𝜌𝐴2 (𝑉2 − 𝑤 cos 𝛼)𝑉2 cos 𝛼 − 𝐹𝑥

𝐹𝑥 = 𝜌(𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤)𝑉𝑗 𝐴𝑗 − 𝜌𝐴𝑗 (𝑉2 − 𝑤 cos 𝛼)𝑉2 cos 𝛼

𝐹𝑥 = 𝜌𝐴𝑗 {(𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤)𝑉𝑗 − (𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤(1 − cos 𝛼) − 𝑤 cos 𝛼){𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤(1 − cos 𝛼)} cos 𝛼}

𝐹𝑥 = 𝜌𝐴𝑗 (𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤){𝑉𝑗 − {𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤(1 − cos 𝛼)} cos 𝛼}

𝐹𝑥 = 𝜌𝐴𝑗 (𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤) {𝑉𝑗 − {𝑉𝑗 cos 𝛼 − 𝑤(1 − cos 𝛼) cos 𝛼}}

𝐹𝑥 = 𝜌𝐴𝑗 (𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤){𝑉𝑗 − 𝑉𝑗 cos 𝛼 + 𝑤(1 − cos 𝛼) cos 𝛼}

𝐹𝑥 = 𝜌𝐴𝑗 (𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤){𝑉𝑗 (1 − cos 𝛼) + 𝑤 cos 𝛼 (1 − cos 𝛼)}

𝐹𝑥 = 𝜌𝐴𝑗 (𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤){(𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤 cos 𝛼)(1 − cos 𝛼)}

Now for the Cone:


𝑑𝑤
𝑀 = 𝐹𝑥 = 𝜌𝐴𝑗 (𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤){(𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤 cos 𝛼)(1 − cos 𝛼)}
𝑑𝑡
𝜌𝐴𝑗
𝑑𝑤 = 𝑑𝑡(𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤){(𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤 cos 𝛼)(1 − cos 𝛼)}
𝑀
𝑤 𝜌𝐴𝑗 𝑡
1
∫ 𝑑𝑤 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
0 (𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤){(𝑉𝑗 − 𝑤 cos 𝛼)(1 − cos 𝛼)} 𝑀 0
Part # 3:

𝑈 𝑦
𝑈1 = 𝑈 𝑈2 = 2 (1 + 𝐿 ) 𝑦 = {−𝐿, 𝐿}

Continuity:

𝑑
𝑑𝑡
∫ 𝜌𝑑𝑉 = − ∫ 𝜌𝑛𝑗 (𝑣𝑗 − 𝑤𝑗 )𝑑𝑆 0 = − ∫ 𝜌𝑛𝑗 𝑣𝑗 𝑑𝑆

𝑈 𝑦 𝐿 𝑈 𝑦
0 = 𝜌𝑈𝐴1 + 𝑚̇𝑢 + 𝑚̇𝑙 + 𝑚̇𝑒 − ∫ 𝜌 2 (1 + 𝐿 ) 𝑑𝐴2 0 = 2𝜌𝑈𝑏ℎ − 2 ∫0 𝜌 2 (1 + 𝐿 ) 𝑏𝑑𝑦

𝐿
𝐿 𝑦 𝑦2 𝐿 3𝐿
0 = ℎ − ∫0 (1 + 𝐿 ) 𝑑𝑦 = ℎ − |𝑦 + 2𝐿 | = 2ℎ − 𝐿 − 2 ℎ=
0 4

Momentum in i-direction:

𝑑
∫ 𝜌𝑣𝑖 𝑑𝑉 = − ∫[𝜌𝑛𝑗 (𝑣𝑗 − 𝑤𝑗 )𝑣𝑖 ]𝑑𝑆 + ∫ 𝐹𝑖 𝑑𝑉
𝑑𝑡

Momentum in x-direction:

𝑈 𝑦 𝑈 𝑦
0 = − ∫ 𝜌(−𝑈)𝑈𝑑𝐴1 − ∫[𝜌𝑛𝑗 𝑣𝑗 𝑈𝑢 ]𝑑𝑆 − ∫ 𝜌 ( (1 + )) (1 + ) 𝑑𝐴2 − 𝐹𝑥
2 𝐿 2 𝐿
1 𝑦 2 1 𝐿 𝑦 2
= 2𝜌𝑈 2 𝑏ℎ − 𝜌𝑈 2 ∫ (1 + ) 𝑑𝐴2 − 𝐹𝑥 = 2𝜌𝑈2 𝑏ℎ − 𝜌𝑈2 𝑏 ∫ (1 + ) 𝑑𝑦 − 𝐹𝑥
4 𝐿 2 0 𝐿

𝐿 𝐿
1 𝑦 𝑦2 1 𝑦2 𝑦3
𝐹𝑥 = 2𝜌𝑈 𝑏ℎ − 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑏 ∫ (1 + 2 + 2 ) 𝑑𝑦 = 2𝜌𝑈2 𝑏ℎ − 𝜌𝑈2 𝑏 |𝑦 + + 2 |
2
2 0 𝐿 𝐿 2 𝐿 3𝐿
0

3 1 𝐿 3 7 1
𝐹𝑥 = 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑏𝐿 − 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑏 (2𝐿 + ) = 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑏𝐿 ( − ) = 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑏𝐿
2 2 3 2 6 3

𝐹𝐷 1 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑏𝐿 1
𝐶𝐷 = = =
1 2 3 𝜌𝑈 2 𝑏𝐿 3
𝜌𝑈 𝑏(2𝐿)
2

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