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Understanding ANOVA Applications

This document discusses analysis of variance (ANOVA), which is used to analyze data from experiments with categorical predictors and continuous outcomes. It can be used when there are more than two group means to compare, and involves calculating variance between and within groups to obtain an F ratio statistic. Examples, assumptions, and effect sizes are also covered at a high level.

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4 views12 pages

Understanding ANOVA Applications

This document discusses analysis of variance (ANOVA), which is used to analyze data from experiments with categorical predictors and continuous outcomes. It can be used when there are more than two group means to compare, and involves calculating variance between and within groups to obtain an F ratio statistic. Examples, assumptions, and effect sizes are also covered at a high level.

Uploaded by

ythakkar97
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

•  Appropriate when the predictors (IVs) are all


categorical and the outcome (DV) is
continuous
–  Most common application is to analyze data
from randomized controlled experiments
DataCamp
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!

Learning by doing

1
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
•  Appropriate when the predictors (IVs) are all
categorical and the outcome (DV) is
continuous
–  Most common application is to analyze data
from randomized controlled experiments
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
•  More specifically, randomized controlled
experiments that generate more than two
group means
–  If only two group means then use:
•  Independent t-test
•  Dependent t-test
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
•  If more than two group means then use:
–  Between groups ANOVA
–  Repeated measures ANOVA
Example
•  Working memory training
–  Four independent groups (8, 12, 17, 19)
•  IV: Number of training sessions
•  DV: IQ gain

•  Null hypothesis: All groups are equal


Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
•  ANOVA typically involves NHST
•  The test statistic is the F-test (F-ratio)
–  F = (Variance between groups) /
(Variance within groups)
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
•  Like the t-test and family of t-distributions
•  The F-test has a family of F-distributions
–  The distribution to assume depends on
•  Number of subjects per group
•  Number of groups
One-way ANOVA
•  F-ratio


F = between-groups variance / within-groups variance



F = MSBetween / MSWithin



F = MSA / MSS/A

One-way ANOVA
•  F = MSA / MSS/A

•  MSA = SSA / dfA

•  MSS/A = SSS/A/ dfS/A


Summary Table
Source
SS
df
MS
F

A
n Σ(Yj - YT)2
a - 1
SSA/dfA
MSA /MSS/A


S/A
Σ(Yij - Yj)2
a(n -1)
SSS/A/dfS/A
-----



Total
Σ(Yij - YT)2
N - 1
-----
-----



Effect size
• 
R2 2
= (eta-sqaured)
η
•  η = SSA / SSTotal
2
Assumptions
•  DV is continuous (interval or ratio variable)
•  DV is normally distributed
•  Homogeneity of variance
•  Within-groups variance is equivalent for all groups
–  Levene’s test

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