Nuclear Power Plants

EE133 – POWER PLANT ENGINEERING

What is a Nuclear Power Plant?
A nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in which
the heat source is a nuclear reactor. Just like other thermal
power plant, it is used to generate steam which drives the
steam engine
Types of Nuclear Power Plants
 Pressurized water reactor
 Boiling water reactor
Pressurized Water Reactor
Boiling Water Reactor
What’s the difference between those two
type?
The main difference between a BWR and PWR is that in a
BWR, the reactor core heats water, which turns to steam
and then drives a steam turbine.
In a PWR, the reactor core heats water, which does not
boil. This hot water then exchanges heat with a lower
pressure water system, which turns to steam and drives the
turbine.
Parts of the Nuclear Power Plant Systems
 Nuclear Reactor
 Steam Turbine
 Generator
 Cooling system
 Safety valves
 Feedwater pump
 Emergency power supply
Parts of the Nuclear Power Plant Systems
 Nuclear Reactor
The nuclear reactor is where the heat is generated by
controlled nuclear fission. The heat from nuclear fission
is used to raise steam, which runs through turbines,
which in turn powers either ship's propellers or
electrical generators.
The nuclear reactor is the most important part of the
system
Parts of the Nuclear Power Plant Systems
 Steam Turbine
The purpose of this part of the system is to convert
the heat contained in steam into mechanical energy.
Parts of the Nuclear Power Plant Systems
 Generator
The generator converts kinetic energy supplied by the
turbine into electrical energy
Parts of the Nuclear Power Plant Systems
 Cooling system
Removes heat from the reactor core and transports it
to another area of the plant, where the thermal energy
can be harnessed to produce electricity or to do other
useful work.
Typically the hot coolant is used as a heat source for a
boiler, and the pressurized steam from that one or
more steam turbine driven electrical generators.
Parts of the Nuclear Power Plant Systems
 Safety valves
In the event of an emergency, safety valves can be used
to prevent pipes from bursting or the reactor from
exploding. The valves are designed so that they can
derive all of the supplied flow rates with little increase
in pressure.
Parts of the Nuclear Power Plant Systems
 Feedwater pump
The water level in the steam generator and nuclear
reactor is controlled using the feedwater system. The
feedwater pump has the task of taking the water from
the condensate system, increasing the pressure and
forcing it into either the steam generators (in the case
of a pressurized water reactor) or directly into the
reactor (for boiling water reactors).
Parts of the Nuclear Power Plant Systems
 Emergency power supply
Nuclear power plants are equipped with emergency power
systems to maintain safety in the event of unit shutdown and loss
of offsite power.
Batteries provide uninterruptible power to instrumentation,
control systems, and valves.
Parts of the Nuclear Power Plant Systems
 Emergency power supply
Emergency diesel generators provide direct AC power to charge
the batteries and to provide power to systems requiring AC
power such as motor driven pumps.
The emergency diesel generators do not power all plant systems,
only those required to shut the reactor down safely, remove
decay heat from the reactor, provide emergency core cooling,
and, in some plants, spent fuel pool cooling.
Where should Nuclear Power Plants be
built?
 As far as possible from populated areas
 Near water sources
 Nuclear power plant in the
Philippines and in other countries
Philippines

Bataan Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP)

Bataan Nuclear Power Plant
 The BNPP was designed to withstand the highest
postulated earthquake in the Luzon island at ground
acceleration value of 0.4G or Intensity 8 in the Richter
Scale.
 At 18 meters above sea level ground elevation, the BNPP
plant site is well protected against tidal waves and
tsunamis.
Bataan Nuclear Power Plant
 It can sustain operation even if a Fukushima Dai-Ichi
Nuclear Power Plant-like tsunami incident of March 11,
2011 happened at this site.
 Considered to be one among the robustly-built nuclear
power station in the world, and more advance in design
and younger than more than half of the operating nuclear
power plants in the United States of America
Bataan Nuclear Power Plant
 If the plant had operated, its 623 MW electrical capacity
could have provided at least 10% of the present power
requirements for the Luzon grid. It could have started
the nuclear regime in the country which can bring the
Philippine economy at greater heights, like Korea or
Taiwan.
Japan
 Japan needs to import about 84% of its energy requirements.
 Its first commercial nuclear power reactor began operating in
mid-1966, and nuclear energy has been a national strategic
priority since 1973. This came under review following the 2011
Fukushima accident but has been confirmed.
 The country's 50+ main reactors have provided some 30% of
the country's electricity and this was expected to increase to
at least 40% by 2017.
 The process of regulatory clearance for restarting 48 reactors
is under way, but slowly and expected to take some years.
Ikata Nuclear Power Plant Tomari Nuclear Power Plant
 Onagawa Nuclear Power Plant Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear
Power Plant
South Korea
 The total electrical generation capacity of the nuclear
power plants of South Korea is 20.5 GW from 23
reactors. This is 22% of South Korea's total electrical
generation capacity, but 29% of total electrical
consumption.
Kori Nuclear Power Plant Wolseong Nuclear Power Plant
Nuclear Power Plant in South Korea
China
 Mainland China has 21 nuclear power reactors in
operation, 27 under construction, and more about to
start construction.
 Additional reactors are planned, including some of the
world's most advanced, to give more than a three-fold
increase in nuclear capacity to at least 58 GW by 2020,
then some 150 GW by 2030, and much more by 2050.
China
 The reason for increasing nuclear power share in China is
increasingly due to air pollution from coal-fired plants.
 China has become largely self-sufficient in reactor design
and construction, as well as other aspects of the fuel
cycle, but is making full use of western technology while
adapting and improving it.
 China’s policy is to ‘go global’ with exporting nuclear
technology including heavy components in the supply
chain.
Russia
 Russia is moving steadily forward with plans for much
expanded role of nuclear energy, including development
of new reactor technology
 Efficiency of nuclear generation in Russia has increased
dramatically since the mid-1990s. Over 20 nuclear power
reactors are confirmed or planned for export
construction.
 Exports of nuclear goods and services are a major
Russian policy and economic objective.
 Russia is a world leader in fast neutron reactor
technology.
Canada
 About 15% of Canada's electricity comes from nuclear
power, with 19 reactors mostly in Ontario providing 13.5
GW of power capacity.
 Canada had plans to expand its nuclear capacity over the
next decade by building two more new reactors, but
these have been deferred.
 For many years Canada has been a leader in nuclear
research and technology, exporting reactor systems
developed in Canada as well as a high proportion of the
world supply of radioisotopes used in medical diagnosis
and cancer therapy.
CANADA
USA
 Nuclear power in the United States is provided by 100
commercial reactors (65 pressurized water reactors and
35 boiling water reactors) licensed to operate at 62
nuclear power plants, producing a total of 790 TWh of
electricity, which was 19.4% of the nation's total electric
energy generation in 2013. The United States is the
world's largest supplier of commercial nuclear power.
Ukraine
 In 2007, nuclear power supplied 47.5% of Ukraine's
electricity production of 195 billion kWh. The total
installed capacity of nuclear reactors in Ukraine was over
13 GW
Other Countries Having A Nuclear Power
Plant <1 GWe to <10GWe
 India
 Taiwan
 Brazil
 Mexico
 South Africa
 Argentina
 Iran
 Pakistan
Countries Planning to Build Nuclear Power
Plant
• Albania • Myanmar
• Bangladesh • Nigeria
• Belarus • Syria
• Chile • Saudi Arabia
• Poland • Sri Lanka
• Ghana • Thailand
• Indonesia • Tunisia
• Jordan • Turkey
• Morocco • UAE
• Malaysia • Vietnam
Countries Phasing – out Nuclear Power
Plant
• Belgium
• Germany
• Switzerland