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Analyzing Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels

This document discusses thin-walled pressure vessels and their analysis. It defines thin-walled pressure vessels as structures where the ratio of wall thickness to diameter is small, such that the normal stress distribution through the thickness is essentially uniform. Examples of thin-walled pressure vessels include boilers, gas storage tanks, and pipelines. The document addresses whether to use a plane stress or plane strain assumption in analyzing thin-walled pressure vessels, noting that plane stress is typically appropriate due to the stress-free outer surface.

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17 views11 pages

Analyzing Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels

This document discusses thin-walled pressure vessels and their analysis. It defines thin-walled pressure vessels as structures where the ratio of wall thickness to diameter is small, such that the normal stress distribution through the thickness is essentially uniform. Examples of thin-walled pressure vessels include boilers, gas storage tanks, and pipelines. The document addresses whether to use a plane stress or plane strain assumption in analyzing thin-walled pressure vessels, noting that plane stress is typically appropriate due to the stress-free outer surface.

Uploaded by

Hary Oa
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Mechanics of Materials II:

Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels and Torsion


Dr. Wayne Whiteman
Senior Academic Professional and Director of the Office of Student Services
Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering
Module 2 Learning Outcomes
• Define the qualifications for a structure to be
treated as a thin-walled pressure vessel
• Give examples of thin-walled pressure vessels
• Determine a method for analyzing thin-walled
pressure vessels
Mechanics of Materials
Foundation for all structural and
machine design STRESSES

INTERNAL STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING EXTERNAL
FORCES AND PERFORMANCE
STRUCTURE LOADS
MOMENTS
•Axial STRAINS •deformations/deflections
•Torsional (Twisting) •yield/fracture
•Transverse/Flexural/Bending •success/failure?
•Pressure
•Combined Loading

By FoamFatale (FoamFatale) [CC BY-SA 3.0 ([Link]


sa/3.0) or GFDL ([Link] via Wikimedia Commons
Mechanics of Materials
Foundation for all structural and
machine design STRESSES

INTERNAL STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERING EXTERNAL
FORCES AND PERFORMANCE
STRUCTURE LOADS
MOMENTS
STRAINS
Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels
Let’s look at a section cut

Thin-walled ≡ ratio of wall thickness to diameter of the vessel


is so small that the distribution of normal stress on a cut is
essentially uniform through the thickness of the shell
(stress is actually max on the inside and
min on the outside [free surface])
Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels

Thin-walled ≡ ratio of wall thickness to diameter of the vessel


is so small that the distribution of normal stress on a cut is
essentially uniform through the thickness of the shell

Dinner  Douter  D

D
 20 to qualify as a thin-walled pressure vessel
t
Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels
Examples: Boilers, gas storage tanks, pipelines, blimps, etc.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or This file is a work of a sailor or employee of the U.S. Navy, taken or
modify this document under the terms of the GNU By drb400atx (フリー素材) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
made as part of that person's official duties. As a work of the U.S.
Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later federal government, the image is in the public domain.
version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts,
and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is
included in the section entitled GNU Free
Documentation License.
Should we use Plane
Stress or Plane Strain in
analyzing thin-walled
pressure vessels?

You must use engineering


judgment in modeling and be
aware of the assumptions you
are making!
Two-Dimensional (2D) or Plane Stress
 z   xz   zx   yz   zy  0
All real world stress situations are three-
dimensional, but the plane stress assumption
can simplify the analysis without significantly
affecting the results. A common example when
plane stress might be used is the analysis of
thin plates such as the skin panels on aircraft
wings.
Plane Strain
 z   xz   zx   yz   zy  0
No strains in z-direction.
But there can be stresses in
the z-direction
Large relative dimension in z-
direction with restraints to
prevent strain in z-direction
Examples:
Dams, Retaining Bars, tubes, etc. compressed by
Walls, Tunnels forces normal to their cross-
section
y
Two-Dimensional (2D) or Plane Stress
 z   xz   zx   yz   zy  0

Stresses on outer surface are plane stress


(stress-free surface)

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