Isover Multi-Comfort-House
Comfort and Energy Efficiency in Buildings
Robert Schild
2006
The problem we all have in common
Increased energy demand
Increased energy prices
Threat for economic growth
Increased pollution
In heating our houses we are far not
so sensitive to energy prices.
The period of using fossil energy is
very short
Use of oil and gas
New period of
Renewable
Energy Sources
Year 0 (J.C) 1665 Year 2000 Time
The step towards
energy security
The cheapest energy
is the energy not used
“Making EU the most energy efficient
economy in the world !”
Claude Turmes MPE, co-initiator of the intelligent Energy Europe Initiative; World sustainable Days Wels 3. Mach 2006
Share of Renewable Energy in EU
countries 2003 and target for 2010
90
80
EU target for 2010 is
70 a share of 21%
60 renewable energy
50
2010 Target
Share of R.E.
40
30
20
10
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Energy use in Europe
40% of Europe's energy is used in buildings
The buildings have an enormous energy-saving –potential
Insulation is by far the most important measure to reduce the energy use in buildings
Industry 28%
Buildings 40%
78%
of energy
use in
buildings can
be saved by
insulation Transport 32%
Source: EURIMA, ECOFIS-study "Mitigation of CO2 Emissions from the Building Stock" Beyond the EU
Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings
Energy consumption of a private
household in Germany
Hot water 11,5%
Light 1,5%
House hold
facilities 11,5%
Most of the heating
energy can be saved
Heating 75,5%
by insulation
Final energy consuption 2002; Electricity, oil, gas, coal, etc
Source: VDEW 2002
Passive House means
independency in energy
Renewable Energy Sources
Passive Houses can
easily work with 100%
renewable energy.
The way to autonomy
in energy.
Comfort Energy Efficient Houses
without active heating
Photo: CRIR Photo: CRIR
Passive: Active: Passive: Active:
Keep it warm Keep it warm by Keep it warm Keep it warm by
trough heating with trough heating with
insulation energy insulation energy
Low tech – A well insulated
low maintenance house is not visible
Renovation of a multi
family house
Before renovation heating the environment After insulation, only the windows and
door makes problems
From active heating to
passive through insulation
ISOVER Comfort Energy - efficient - house
U-Value 0,1 W/m²K
Ventilation
fresh air
Air tightness
Heating
energy demand U-Value 0,7 W/m²K
< 15 kWh/m²a
U-Value 0,1 W/m²K
No thermal bridges U-Value 0,12 W/m²K
Always fresh air in an Isover
Multi-Comfort-House
CO2-concentration in sleeping room
With controlled ventilation
Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Monday
Thermal comfort
Passive House
Outer wall Old building
Windows temperature
19.1°C 21.4
14.5
22 inside air
9.9 temperature
16.2 18.5
18.2 operative
21.2°C
Inside air -10°C outside
operative
temperature air temperature
22°C
Comparison of Buildings I
400
Energy consumption in kWh/m²a
350
300 Household
electricity
250
Ventilation
200 Electricity
150 Hot Water
100
Heating
50
0
Com pletely Insufficient Low Energy Passive
insufficient therm al Buildings House
therm al protection
protection
Heat energy
demand Gross floor kWh/m²a kWh/m²a kWh/m²a kWh/m²a
area (HEDGFA) in
kWh/m²a for a 300-250 150-100 50-40 < 15
characteristic length
of 1m
Heating degree days (HDD)
= 3400 K·d
30
kg/m²a
CO2 emission 60 kg/m²a 10
kg/m²a
2 kg/m²a
Energy
consumption in
liters heating oil
per square meter 25-30 l 10-15 l 4-5 l 1.5 l
and year
Energy
consumption in 3000-2500 1500-1000 400-500 150 liters
liters heating oil
and yearh house liters liters liters
100m2
Annual heating
30 $ /barrel 950-1150 400-600 150-200 60
cost
€ 60 $/barrel 1600- 2000 650-1000 250-320 100
The objective of market motivation
Reduction of heating energy
CO2 = 30 kg/m²a
U-value = 0.22 U-value = 0.10
CO2 = 2 kg/m²a
22 cm 40 cm
150 kWh/m²a 15 kWh/m²a
U-value = 0.40 U-value = 0.10
Equivalent to Equivalent to
15 m³ natural gas 6 cm 1.5 m³ natural gas 34 cm
or or
15 l extra light oil 1.5 l extra light oil
U-value = 0.40 7 cm U-value = 0.12 30 cm
Schematic description of the past and future
net energy demand of a single-family house
195 195
180 180
Ventilation Solar gains
165 165
Annual energy consumption (kWh/m²a)
Annual energy consumption (kWh/m²a)
Internal thermal
sources
150 150
135 135
120 120
105 105
Transmission losses
Heat energy demand
90 90
75 75
60 60 Ventilation Solar gains
45 45 Internal thermal
Transmission
sources
30 30 Recovery of
ventilation losses
15 15 Heat energy
demand
0 0
Isover Multi-Comfort-House for cold
and hot climates
Polar Climate
Continental Climate
HEATING
Very cold & dry Cold and humide
Mild Climate
Warm and humide
Dry Climate
Dessert and steppe
COOLING
Mountain Areas
Attitude affects climate
Tropical Climate
Hot and humide
HEATING
Isover Multi-Comfort-House fits for all
climatic zones (with modifications)
The high energy consumption is
part of the planning and culture
To improve thermal comfort energy
consumption turns excessive !
Outer Walls
Roofs
Energy autarchy for buildings
House in Austrian Alps at an
altitude of 2150 m.
Heating energy demand 12.9 kWh/m²a
Renovation of a Multi storey 50 apartment
house in Linz/Upper-Austria
Thermal insulation of exterior wall for full comfort and less heating costs for 50 apartments on
an total surface of 3.100m² on five floors.
Comfort ventilation system
Improved noise control
Linz, Makartstraße;
build 1957/58
Before renovation After renovation
Heating energy demand 179 kWh/m²year 14.4 kWh/m²year
Monthly heating cost per apartment € 40.8 € 4.73
59m²
Annual CO2 emission of total house 160.000 kg 18.000 kg
Renovation of a Multi storey 50 apartment
house in Linz/Upper-Austria
Renovation of a Multi storey 50 apartment
house in Linz/Upper-Austria
Thermal insulation of exterior wall in prefabricated wooden construction entirely filled with
Isover glass wool (Holzrahmenfilz HRF)
DI Ingrid Domenig-Meisinger, Arch+More ZT GmbH
Linz-Velden, Haseneck 7, 4048 Puchenau/Linz
Renovation of a school in Upper Austria
Single family house in
Pettenbach/Upper-Austria
Single family house in
Pettenbach/Upper-Austria
Single family house in
Pettenbach/Upper-Austria
Exterior Wall 0,10 W/m²K
Roof 0,09 W/m²K
Ceiling/Cellar 0,13 W/m²K
Window Glass 0,60 W/m²K
Windows total 0,77 W/m²K
Single family house in
Pettenbach/Upper-Austria
Single family house in
Pettenbach/Upper-Austria
Thermal insulation of exterior wall including photo voltaic panels for own electricity
production
The renovation and the extension of first floor was made with prefabricated wooden frame
elements
build 1960
Before renovation After renovation
Annual heating cost of the whole € 2.700.- € 200,-
house
Example for market growth (Austria)
New Passive Houses
Existing
Passive Houses
Pilot period is over – commercialization !
1000 Passive houses in Austria
10.000 Passive houses in Germany!
Thank you very much !
Back-up slides
Private house in Zagreb / Croatia
Renovation of Kuća Spansko in Zagreb
This data is permanent available to the public
Building envelop with excellent
insulation
U-value ca. 0.1 W/(m²K)
Building element junctions
Measure: Thermal-bridge-free construction
Specification: Ψ (linear thermal transmittance,
exterior dimensions) below 0.01 W/(mK)
Windows
Super glazing
Measure: Low-emissive triple glazing
Specification: U-value < 0.75 W/(m²K),
solar transmission factor > 50%
Super frames
Measure: Super insulated window frames
Specification: U-value < 0.8 W/(m²K)
Correct installation of the window
All building material producers tries to get a
share of the market of Passive Houses
20 cm brick plus 20 cm EPS 40 cm Isover
50 cm brick
U-value 0.14 U-value 0.10
U-value 0.19
40 cm
Constructions seen at Energy Saving Fair Wels 2006
Air tightness
Measure: Airtight building envelope
Specification: less than 0.6 air changes
per hour at n50
Anemometer
Hygienic ventilation
Measure: Directed air flow
through whole building;
exhaust air extracted
from damp rooms
Specification: Around 30 m³
per hour and
person
Subsoil heat exchanger
Measure: Preheating of fresh air
Specification: Fresh air temperature > 8°C
Latent heat recovery from
exhaust air
Measure: Counterflow air-to-air heat exchanger,
Compact heat pump unit
Specification: Heat transfer efficiency η > 80%,
Max. heat load 10 W/m²
EBPD – European Building
Performance Directive
Energy 2003
Efficiency
is winning 1992
(A&B class)
Benoit Lebot: UNDP-GEF, Business opportunities on global, European, national, regional & local levels. World
sustainable Days Wels 3. Mach 2006
Development of average energy prices for
private household in Czech Republic
450
400
350
300 New poverty – people who
250
can not afford to buy
energy for heating !
[%]
200
150
District heating CZK/GJ
100
Natural gas CZK/m3 901-6000 m3/rok
50 Electicity CZK/kWh
Salary CZK/Jahr
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Jahr
Source: Ivana Klobusnikova; Energy Centre Ceske Budejovice 2006
Additional construction costs for
passive houses compared to
conventional houses
Passive house is cheaper than
Low Energy House
Low Energy House
Passive house
without heating
Practical experiences with passive
houses/energy consumption
Conventional
buildings
Calculated
energy
consumption
Real energy
consumption
in first year
Comparison of Buildings I
400
Energy consumption in kWh/m²a
350
300 Household
electricity
250
Ventilation
200 Electricity
150 Hot Water
100
Heating
50
0
Com pletely Insufficient Low Energy Passive
insufficient therm al Buildings House
therm al protection
protection
Comparison of Buildings II
Heat energy demand
Gross floor area kWh/m²a kWh/m²a kWh/m²a kWh/m²a
(HEDGFA) in kWh/m²a
for a characteristic length 300-250 150-100 50-40 < 15
of 1m
Heating degree days (HDD) =
3400 K·d
Building standard Completely Insufficient Low-energy Lowest-energy
The HEDGFA value (heat insufficient thermal buildings buildings
energy demand related thermal protection protection (essential
to the gross floor area) Structurally Thermal parameter of the
serves as a help to questionable, cost renovation is requirement
assess the thermic of heating no longer clearly worth the profile to be met
quality of a building - economical (typical trouble (typical of by Passive
ÖNORM B 8110-5 of rural structures, residential Houses)
(prestandard). buildings dating buildings
from the early years constructed in the
of the so-called 50ies and 70ies of
Gründerzeit or from the last century)
1945 to 1970
Energy consumption in
liters heating oil per
square meter and year
30-25 liters 15-10 liters 4-5 liters 1.5 liters
Comparison of Buildings III
Heat energy demand kWh/m²a kWh/m²a kWh/m²a kWh/m²a
300-250 150-100 50-40 < 15
Construction
U-value and insulation thickness
Exterior wall 1.30 W/m²K 0.40 W/m²K 0.20 W/m²K 0.10 W/m²K
(massive wall of 25 cm)
0 cm 6 cm 16 cm 34 cm
Roof 0.90 W/m²K 0.22 W/m²K 0.15 W/m²K 0.10 W/m²K
4 cm 22 cm 30 cm 40 cm
Floors to ground 1.0 W/m²K 0.40 W/m²K 0.25 W/m²K 0.12 W/m²K
2 cm 7 cm 20 cm 30 cm
Windows 2.60 W/m²K 1.70 W/m²K 1.10 W/m²K 0.80 W/m²K
Single glazing Double glazing Double glazing Triple glazing
thermo special frame
Comparison of Buildings III
Heat energy demand
Gross floor area kWh/m²a kWh/m²a kWh/m²a kWh/m²a
(HEDGFA) in kWh/m²a for
a characteristic length of 300-250 150-100 50-40 < 15
1m
Heating degree days (HDD) = 3400
K·d
30 kg/m²a
CO2 emission 60 kg/m²a 10 kg/m²a
2 kg/m²a
Energy consumption in
liters heating oil per
square meter and year
30-25 liters 15-10 liters 4-5 liters 1.5 liters
Why not to have a simple information on
energy consumption just like for cars and
refrigerators?
How much does
your house con-
sume per m² ?
Source: dena, Deutsche Energie Agentur