Your first reference for

style and usage in writing

Why is style important?

The EDS Style Guide should always be your first
reference for style and usage in written EDS
communication. Using this guide ensures our
writing is consistent companywide, presenting
a professional image of EDS. As EDS’ image is
further defined, EDS Global Communications will
provide additional guidelines to help you develop
communication materials.

EDS style guide

[Link]
Table of Contents
Introduction 1

A 2

B 6

C 8

D 15

E 18

F 21

G 23

H 24

I 27
J 29

K 30

L 31

M 33

N 34

O 38

P 39

Q 42

R 43

S 45

T 48

U 50

V 52

W 53
X, Y, Z 54

References 55

Contacts 56
2007 EDS Style Guide

Introduction
The EDS Style Guide should always be your first reference for style and usage in written EDS commu-
nication. Using this guide ensures our writing is consistent companywide, presenting a professional
image of EDS. As EDS’ image is further defined, EDS Global Communications will provide additional
guidelines to help you develop communication materials.

Of course, this guide is not comprehensive. It concentrates on the most commonly used and misused
elements of our everyday corporate communication. Because rules and ideas vary among stylebooks,
entries reflect the simplest and most practical approaches for consistency throughout EDS. Many of
the guidelines apply to the global corporation, but all entries are based on American English; there-
fore, you may need to tailor some of them for use in other countries.

This guide is easy to use. Simply look up a word or topic as you would in a dictionary; the entries are alpha-
betical. For topics not addressed herein, refer to the References section at the back of this guide for a list of
recommended stylebooks, our primary sources.

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2007 EDS Style Guide

A
a, an Use an before words in which the first sound is a vowel, except long u, and before words beginning
with silent h. Use an when an abbreviation or initialism begins with a, e, f, h, i, l, m, n, o, r, s, or x.
However, with an acronym (a group of letters pronounced as a word), use a before a consonant sound,
a sounded h, or a long u and use an before a vowel sound.
Examples: a CE an M.A. degree a NASA mission a history an hour

a lot Avoid this phrase to mean many or much. If necessary to use, write as two words.

a while, awhile These words are often confused. A while means “a period of time.” Awhile means “for a time.” For is
part of the meaning and shouldn’t be added.

abbreviations, acronyms Use acronyms and initialisms sparingly and only when their use helps simplify and clarify communication.
and initialisms If a term is used only once, do not abbreviate it. Spell out an acronym or initialism the first time it is used
in each section of a document and follow that by the shortened form in parentheses. On subsequent
references, use only the shortened form. Do not define acronyms in headings.
Example: information technology (IT)

Capitalize a term that has an acronym or initialism only if it is a proper name. Generic terms that have
been given acronyms or initialisms, such as local area network (LAN), should always be lowercased
when spelled out.

An abbreviation is a shortened form of a word or words that omits some letters and ends with a period.
Examples: company co.
boulevard blvd.
doctor of philosophy Ph.D.

An acronym combines the first letter or letters of several words. Acronyms are pronounced as words
and spelled without periods.
Examples: North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO
computer-integrated manufacturing CIM
Common Business-Oriented Language COBOL

An initialism combines the initial letter of each word in a term. Initialisms are pronounced as individual
letters and spelled without periods.
Examples: quality improvement process QIP
Society for Technical Communication STC
automated teller machine ATM

Do not use an apostrophe with the plural form of an initialism.

Examples: WANs DASDs SMCs
NOT: WAN’s DASD’s SMC’s

If the spelled-out first reference is plural or possessive, the shortened form should also be plural or possessive.
Examples: the systems engineer’s (SE’s) project
two systems engineers (SEs)

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2007 EDS Style Guide

ability, capability, capacity Use ability when referring to people. Use capability when referring to inanimate objects, such as
information processing systems. (See capacity.)
Example: John has the ability to do the job.
NOT: John has the capability to do the job.

Capacity is not synonymous with capability. Capacity often refers to quantity, especially the ability
to contain, hold, or accommodate. Capability is the quality or state of being capable, or a feature or
faculty that can be developed. (See ability, capability.)
Examples: The study team’s capacity for hard work seemed to diminish just before the holiday.
The system’s retrieval capabilities have been greatly enhanced.
NOT: The computer has word processing capacities.

academic degrees Abbreviate academic degrees only in informal text, resumes, or graphics where space is limited. (See
capitalization.)

Degree Abbreviation
bachelor of arts degree B.A.
bachelor of science degree, bachelor’s degree B.S.
master of arts degree M.A.
master of business administration degree M.B.A.
master of science degree, master’s degree M.S.
doctor of philosophy degree, doctorate Ph.D.

acknowledgment Spell as shown, not acknowledgement.

acronyms See abbreviations, acronyms and initialisms

ad hoc This phrase often is expendable because ad hoc is understood in the context. If used, write as two words.

administer, administrate Use administer.

Adobe® Reader® Write as shown and follow with a superscript ® on the first reference. See trademark.

adviser Spell as shown, not advisor.

affect, effect Affect as a verb means to influence. Effect as a noun means a result. As a verb, effect means to bring
about or cause, implying a direct influence on outcome.
Examples: Computer downtime affected productivity.
The effect was greater efficiency.
She will effect many changes in the company.

ages Always use figures. Hyphenate ages expressed as adjectives before a noun or as substitutes for a noun.
Follow the examples below for hyphenation.
Examples: a 5-year-old boy The girl is 3 years old. a 7-year-old

alphanumeric Write as one word.

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a.m., p.m. Always use lowercase letters with periods to write the abbreviations a.m. (ante meridiem) and p.m.
(post meridiem). Use a.m. and p.m. only with figures. Use a colon to separate hours from minutes, but
:00 is unnecessary for on-the-hour times. Write out o’clock for formal invitations only.
Examples: 6 a.m. 6:15 a.m.
NOT: 6:00 a.m. or six a.m.

among, between Use among to denote three or more objects or people. Use between to denote only two objects or people.
Examples: Competition among the four bidders resulted in a lower price.
The meeting between the marketing representative and the customer led to
contract negotiations.

amount, number Use amount with nouns denoting mass or unspecified quantities. Use number with nouns that you can count.
Examples: amount of work
a number of managers

ampersand (&) Avoid using in place of and unless it is part of a proper noun.
Examples: AT&T GM Truck & Bus

and/or Avoid using. Usually, just and or or will do.

anti- Always hyphenate this prefix except for a few words with specific meanings of their own, such as anti-
body, antidote, and antipasto. This approach, which is an exception to American Heritage and Webster’s
dictionaries, has been adopted for readability and easily remembered consistency.

anxious, eager Use anxious when its subject is apprehensive or concerned. Use eager when describing great interest
or desire.
Examples: She was anxious about the weather.
He was eager to attend the party.

anytime Always one word unless preceded by at, or unless used like, Is there any time that’s not good?

apostrophe In general, use an apostrophe and s to indicate the possessive form of a noun. To indicate the possessive
form of most nouns ending in s, place only an apostrophe after the word. (See possessives for more
details about correctly using an apostrophe to form possessives.)
Examples: company’s business Diane’s account
Dallas’ facilities EDS’ clients

Do not use an apostrophe to form the plural of initialisms or numbers.

Examples: BTUs 1960s IBM 3033s
NOT: BTU’s 1960’s IBM 3033’s

To avoid confusion, lowercase letters and abbreviations with two or more interior periods or with both
capital and lower-case letters, form the plural with an apostrophe and an s.
Examples: b’s and c’s M.A.’s and Ph.D.’s

Note: Capital letters used as words, abbreviations that contain no interior periods, and numerals used as
nouns form the plural by adding s.
Examples: IRAs URLs

Use an apostrophe to indicate omitted letters or figures.

Examples: rock ’n’ roll ’Tis the season can’t class of ’75 the ’50s
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around Do not use around to mean approximately or about.

Asia Pacific Write as shown without a slash, not Asia/Pacific.

as, like Use as to introduce clauses that contain a subject and a verb. Use like to compare nouns or pronouns;
like requires an object.
Examples: The system correlates customer names and addresses, as it has done in the past.
The terminal is like a television screen.
The claims system, like the actuarial system, derives data from a central bank.

To determine whether as or like is correct when making comparisons, use as if you can substitute the way.
Examples: Jim blocks like a pro.
Jim blocks the linebacker as he should.

assure, ensure, insure Assure, ensure, and insure all mean to make secure or certain. However, use assure only with reference
to a person in the sense of to set the mind at rest. Use ensure to mean make sure, certain or safe. Use
in conjunction with that – ensure that. Use insure only with insurance to mean to guarantee persons
or property against risk.
Examples: He assured the leader of his loyalty.
The system ensures that all claims are paid promptly.
He insured his house against fire damage.

awhile, a while See a while.

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B
backup, back up Write as one word when used as a noun or adjective. Write as two words when used as a verb.
Examples: To ensure data security, the SEs will make a backup diskette.
The SEs will back up the system for data security.

bar-code, bar code Hyphenate when used as an adjective. Write as two words when used as a noun. Do not use bar code
as a verb; use scan.

-based When used as a suffix, always hyphenate.

Example: computer-based

baseline Write as one word.

because of, due to See due to, because of.

BENEFITline Write as shown. BENEFITline is EDS’ telephone voice-response system that guides U.S. employees
through the benefit selection process.

Best Shore “EDS” should precede this term on first mention in a brochure or advertising document. Use a
registered trademark symbol on first mention. Best Shore is a registered trademark of Electronic Data
Systems Corporation.
Example: EDS Best Shore®

between, among See among, between.

bi-, semi- Do not hyphenate as a prefix unless an awkward double-letter combination results. In general, do not
use biannual, semimonthly, biweekly, or similar words. To avoid confusion about whether a term
means every other or twice every specified period, substitute expressions like every two months or
twice a month whenever possible.

bitmap, bitmapped Write both as one word.

board of directors See EDS Board of Directors.

boardroom Write as one word.

bottom-line, bottom line Hyphenate when used as an adjective. Write as two words when used as a noun.

brackets ([]) Use brackets to indicate corrections or comments made by an editor or another writer. Brackets are
used to show another level of parenthetical information within parentheses.
Example: The following year [1620] the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth.

brand A brand comprises all the tangible and intangible qualities that make a product or service uniquely
desirable to a broad range of people. For a discussion of brand, refer to Our Brand on infoCentre.

breakup, break up Write as one word when used as a noun or adjective. Write as two words when used as a verb.

broadband Write as shown.

Example: The proposed architecture includes a broadband network.

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2007 EDS Style Guide

buildup, build up Write as one word when used as a noun or adjective. Write as two words when used as a verb.

bullets (•) Use bullets to display a list of similar items. Always capitalize the first word of each bulleted item. In
formal documents, such as proposals, introduce bullets with a complete sentence followed by a colon.
Example: The account manager’s responsibilities include the following:
NOT: The account manager’s responsibilities include:

Bullets should always be parallel – all beginning with verbs, beginning with nouns, being written in com-
plete sentences, or being written in phrases.
Example: • Gathering customer requirements
• Defining roles and responsibilities
• Standardizing part number identification
NOT: • Customer requirements are gathered.
• Define roles and responsibilities.
• Standardizing part number identification

Use periods only at the end of bullets that form complete sentences. All other bullets should have no
ending punctuation or conjunctions.

(See dash for subitems under bullets.)

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C
can, may Can implies ability; may implies permission.

canceled, canceling, Write as shown.

cancellation

capability, capacity See ability, capability, capacity.

capitalization Capital letters mark proper nouns such as names and titles and indicate the beginning of a sentence.

Avoid capitalizing common or generic words.

Examples: line of business information processing center
center of expertise quality improvement process

Academic degrees, institutions, and departments

Lowercase names of academic degrees. (See academic degrees.)
Examples: bachelor of science degree bachelor’s degree

Capitalize full titles or names of institutions when they are part of proper names, but lowercase words
such as school or university when they are generic or descriptive.
Examples: Yale University Sloan School of Business
the university the business school

Lowercase academic departments except for words that are proper nouns.

Examples: the department of history the history department

the department of English the English department

Acts and laws

Capitalize the name of an act or law only when the full official title is given or when the name of the
act or law is accepted as the title.
Examples: Social Security Act antitrust act
Multiple Dwelling Law the housing act

Building names
Capitalize names of government buildings, churches, office buildings, or hotels.
Examples: the Capitol the Pentagon Cluster I
Building A Trump Tower

Common nouns
Lowercase common nouns that describe general geographic regions or seasons.
Examples: upstate New York summer
state and federal government

Capitalize common nouns used as proper nouns, particularly those designated by a Roman numeral or
letter of the alphabet.
Examples: Plaza B Phase I implementation

(continued)

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2007 EDS Style Guide

capitalization Document references

(continued) Capitalize formal titles of sections.
Examples: Figure 5 the Proposed Solution section
Chapter 4 Section VI

EDS divisions, groups, and teams

Capitalize formal team names.
Examples: Global Communications
Editing and Print Purchasing team

Governments
Capitalize the names of official agencies or departments of national, state, or municipal governments.
Lowercase general references.
Examples: Department of State Dallas Chamber of Commerce
Justice Department county courthouse
the welfare department

Headings and titles

Capitalize nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs (including forms of to be, such as is and are), adverbs,
and all other words containing four letters or more in a heading or title. Capitalize all, no, nor, not, off,
out, so, up, and yet in headings or titles.

Capitalize section names.

Examples: Executive Summary Appendix A

In a heading or title, capitalize both parts of a compound phrase. This does not apply to a word with a
hyphenated prefix such as non-, anti-, or self-.
Examples: Cross-Reference List Non-negotiable Rules
Client/Server Technology Anti-war Demonstrations
Self-sustaining Reaction

Job titles
Lowercase and spell out job titles when they are not used with a person’s name. Capitalize titles when they
directly precede a person’s name.
Examples: Jack Austin, vice president and general manager
The president of the United States issued a statement.
Managing Director Jack Austin said,
President Abraham Lincoln
Prime Minister Winston Churchill

Program names
Capitalize the official title of a program. Lowercase general references.
Examples: the SED Program a state welfare program

(continued)

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capitalization Regions
(continued) Capitalize the names of widely recognized U.S. regions only.
Examples: the Midwest Western states
Southern California the South

Refer to the directions and regions entry in The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law
for more details.

Report and screen names

Capitalize exact report and screen names. Lowercase general references.
Examples: Aged Trial Balance Report accounts receivable report

System and subsystem names

Capitalize exact, official names of existing systems. Lowercase general references.
Examples: Procurement and Inventory Control System
the inventory system

Lowercase subsystem names and file names.

Examples: the sales illustration subsystem
the master provider file

CAS Corporate Administrative Systems

cash-flow, cash flow Hyphenate when used as an adjective. Write as two words when used as a noun.

CD-ROM Write as shown.

center/centre If Center or Centre is part of a proper noun, capitalize. Check with location contact to verify use of “er”
or “re” in the spelling. Generally, use center when using an American English version and centre in a
global version but you will find exceptions, for example, EDS Centre, in reference to our main head-
quarters building.

chairman, chairperson, When writing this title, put in the following order: EDS chairman and chief executive officer. Do not use
chairwoman chairperson unless it is an organization’s formal title for an office.

checklist Write as one word.

city names Lowercase city when used with a city name unless it is part of the proper name.
Examples: the city of Chicago Kansas City

Certain large, widely recognized cities stand alone without being followed by a state name. Refer to
the datelines entry in The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law to determine U.S.
and non-U.S. cities that stand by themselves.
Example: The executive traveled to Detroit; Fresno, Calif.; Midland, Texas; and Miami.

clients, customers Use clients when referring to the companies with which EDS does business. Use customers when
referring to the companies with which EDS’ clients do business.

client/server Write as shown; lowercase unless part of a proper name.

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co- Hyphenate as a prefix when forming nouns, adjectives, and verbs that indicate status or occupation.
Examples: co-author co-host co-partner co-worker coinsurance

coast Capitalize only when referring to a widely recognized region.

Examples: the West Coast the East Coast

COBOL Write as shown. Acronym for Common Business-Oriented Language.

COE Consistent Office Environment

coinsurance Write as one word, no hyphen.

collective nouns Such nouns may be regarded as singular or plural: singular, if the word denotes a group acting as an
individual; plural, if the word denotes the individuals that make up the group.
Examples: class, committee, crowd, family, group, jury, team

The article a usually precedes a plural collective noun; the article the usually precedes a singular
collective noun.
colon To introduce lists or bullets, use a colon following a sentence.
Examples: The system performs the following audits:
The system audits are the following items:
NOT: The system performs:

Capitalize the first word after a colon in narrative text only when the colon is followed by a complete
sentence or a proper noun.
Examples: The document lacked two elements: concrete examples and cohesiveness.
Their manager promised this: The corporation would continue to support a quality
improvement process.
Only one company can provide these services: EDS.

comma Adjectives, descriptions

Use a comma between adjectives in a series or a pair if the adjectives are of equal significance; that is,
if you can sensibly replace the comma with and.
Examples: an exhausted, angry customer
quick, easy solutions
a large oak tree
an integrated digital telecommunications network

Commas help to organize and clarify the meaning of written sentences. Use the comma when the
sentence structure requires it.

(continued)

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2007 EDS Style Guide

comma (continued) Conjunctions

Use a comma before the coordinating conjunctions and, but, or, nor, and for and before the connec-
tives so and yet only when they are between independent clauses. Remember, an independent clause
must have its own subject and verb, and it can stand alone as a separate thought.
Examples: The system includes reports, and each report contains five parts.
The system includes reports and is helpful for problem solving.
She arrived early for the meeting, but her customer arrived late.
She arrived early for the meeting but forgot her briefcase.

Dates and locations

Omit commas in month-year sequences.
Example: November 1988 was a profitable month.

Place commas after the day of the month and the year in month-day-year sequences. Place commas
on both sides of a state name in a city-state sequence.
Example: The SE began working for EDS on July 20, 1987, at a Southfield, Mich., office.

In global or Web usage, separate the day of the month and the year with one space and no punctuation.
Example: 1 November 2003

See dates.

Essential and nonessential phrases and clauses

Do not use commas to set off an essential phrase or clause, that is, a phrase or clause that, if omitted,
alters the meaning of the sentence.
Examples: The PC that is malfunctioning should be repaired. (The essential phrase identifies which
PC needs repairs.)
The computer program QuarkXpress is easy to use. (QuarkXpress is not the only
computer program.)
His daughter Jenny works here. (Because he has more than one daughter, inclusion of
her name is essential for the reader to know which daughter is meant.)
He read the best-selling book Reengineering the Corporation. (Other books are best sellers.)

Use commas to set off a nonessential phrase or clause – one that adds information (continued)
to the sentence but is not essential to its meaning. (See that, which.)

Examples: Ted’s PC, which he bought last year, needs to be repaired.

(The clause adds extra information that isn’t pertinent.)

The U.S. president’s official residence, the White House, is located in Washington, D.C.
(The name is informative but nonessential.)

Mary’s husband, Tom, is an engineer. (Mary has only one husband.)

We saw the 1975 winner of the Academy Award for best picture, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s
Nest. (Only one movie won this award, so no other movie could have been meant.)

(continued)

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2007 EDS Style Guide

comma (continued) Conjunctions

Introductory phrases
Using a comma after a simple introductory phrase is optional, not imperative. However, the comma
helps ensure clarity when the introductory phrase is longer than a few words.

Examples: In 1969, EDS built its first data center.

In 1969 EDS built its first data center.
When EDS built its first data center in 1969, the company was much smaller than it is now.

Serial commas
Do not use the serial comma in journalistic pieces, newsletters and brochures.
Examples: The convention will be held in June, July or August.
The proposed system will save money, streamline operations and reduce downtime.

Even when not using the serial comma in a simple series, you must use it if one item in the series con-
tains a conjunction.
Example: To register, send us your name, address, and telephone and fax numbers.
The serial comma is recommended for formal and technical documents.

communication, Use communication when referring to oral and written communication. Use communications when
communications referring to the telecommunications or technical communications industry.
Examples: She has excellent communication skills.
He purchased a communications satellite.

companywide Write as one word, no hyphen. Do not use corporatewide; corporate is not a noun.

compared to, Use compared to to indicate similarities between objects from different categories. Use compared with
compared with to illustrate similarities or differences between objects from similar categories.
Examples: Life is often compared to a pilgrimage or a drama.
This year’s program costs are low compared with last year’s.

complement, Use complement as a noun to mean a completing group, supplement, counterpart, or equivalent; use it as
compliment a verb to mean to complete or supply needs. Use compliment as a noun to mean praise; use it as a
verb to mean to express praise.

Examples: The teams have a complement of writers and editors.

The two systems complement each other to provide greater efficiency.
The systems engineer received a compliment about his work on the implementation.
The proposal manager complimented her team on winning the contract.

compose, comprise, Compose means to create or to put together and usually is used in the passive voice. Comprise means to
constitute consist of or to include; it is synonymous with is made up of. Avoid comprised of. The of is redundant
because of the meaning of comprise. Remember that the whole comprises the parts, the whole is
composed of the parts, and the parts constitute the whole.
Examples: The education committee is composed of six members.
The package comprises both software and hardware.
Twelve people constitute a jury.

compound adjectives See hyphen.

comprise See compose, comprise, constitute.

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computer-integrated Always hyphenate this adjective.

Consistent Office See COE.

Environment

constitute See compose, comprise, constitute.

convince, persuade Convince requires a state of mind; persuade a course of action. You may be convinced that something
exists (such as facts) or be convinced of something. You must be persuaded to do something (actions)
but not convinced to do it.
Examples: Her manager persuaded her to take the class.
He convinced his manager that the class was worthwhile.
She was convinced of his innocence.
NOT: She convinced him to attend the meeting.

Coordinated Universal Universal Time replaced Greenwich Mean Time in 1925 and is always written in a 24-hour format.
Time (UTC) Example: 20:28 UTC

Note: UTC does not equal local civil time in the United Kingdom during the summer when British
Summer Time is in effect.

cost-effective, Always hyphenate.

cost-effectiveness

co-worker Always hyphenate. See co-.

criteria, criterion Criteria is the plural. Criterion, meaning a standard or test, is a singular noun.
Examples: The three criteria are listed below.
Quality is the most important criterion.

cross-reference Always hyphenate.

cross-section, Hyphenate when used as a verb. Write as two words when used as a noun.
cross section

cross-train, Always hyphenate.

cross-training

currency See numbers.

currently, presently These words are not synonymous. Currently, although usually expendable, can be used to mean now.
Presently means in a little while or shortly, but it is better to use soon.

customers, clients See clients, customers.

cutback, cut back Write as one word when used as a noun. Write as two words when used as a verb.

cyber Do not hyphenate this prefix.

Examples: cybersecurity, cyberspace

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D
dash Use an en dash (–) to indicate a break in the sentence flow or to set off certain parenthetical phrases,
especially those containing commas. An en dash should have a space before and after it. Consult your
software users guide for how to correctly create dashes.
Examples: The manager presented a plan – it was unprecedented – to increase sales revenues.
The three R’s – reading, writing, and arithmetic – are fundamental to success in the
business world.

Use an en dash to show ranges. In this case, the en dash should have no spaces before or after it.
Example: 8–10 a.m. May 1–5

Also, use an en dash (–) to indicate subitems of a bullet. Align the dash under the first letter following the bullet.
Example: • Components of an indexed file
– Index
– Prime area
– Overflow

If you use two levels of headings under a bullet entry, use a bullet (•), em dash (—), and en dash (–)
sequence.
Example: • Components of an indexed sequential file
— Index
– Primary
– Secondary

In proposals, you may use the following sequence to avoid creating different spacing for these dashes:
bullet, em dash OR bullet, em dash, en dash.

data Data is the singular and plural form. With a form of the verb to be, use data is, not data are.

database Write as one word.

data entry commands Type data entry commands in bold or italics. Do not type data entry commands in quotation marks
because they may be misunderstood as part of the command.

data processing, Avoid the term data processing unless it is specific to a client. Instead, use information processing.
information processing

dates Omit commas in month-year sequences. Place commas on both sides of the year in month-day-year
sequences within a sentence.
Examples: November 1988 was a profitable month.
January 1, 1990, marked the start of a new decade.

In month-day-year sequences, do not add ordinal number endings such as -st, -nd,-rd, or -th to days.
Examples: His anniversary is January 1, 1989.
March 8 is the deadline.
NOT: His anniversary is January 1st, 1989.
March 8th is the deadline.

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(continued)
dates (continued) To indicate plural years, use an s without an apostrophe before it.
Examples: the 1900s the mid-1960s the ’50s
NOT: the 1900’s the mid-1960’s the 50’s

Do not spell out the abbreviations A.D. or B.C. when used with dates.

For Web or other global applications, abbreviate the month with three letters (Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May,
Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep, Oct, Nov, Dec). Separate the day of the month, the month, and the year each with
one space and no punctuation.
Examples: 1 Feb 1997 23 Sep 1998

day-to-day, daily Use daily.

daylight-saving time Not savings. When linking the term with the name of a time zone, use only the word daylight. Daylight
time applies from 2 a.m. on the second Sunday of March until 2 a.m. on the first Sunday of November
in areas that do not specifically exempt themselves.

decision-maker, Always hyphenate.

decision-making

Department of Defense Write as DoD when abbreviating.

(U.S.)

desktop Write as one word.

dial-up, dial up Hyphenate when used as an adjective. Write as two words when used as a verb.

Dial ‘8’ network Capitalize Dial and put ‘8’ in single quotes. Do not hyphenate.

different from, In a simple comparison, different uses the preposition from, not than.
different than Example: The proposed screen format is different from the current format.
NOT: The proposed screen format is different than the current format.

However, when a clause, or an elliptical clause, follows different, using than is less cumbersome than
using from.
Examples: We use a different method than they do.
(Rather than: We use a different method from the one they use.)
The team is organized differently than it was last year.
(Rather than: The team is organized differently from how it was organized last year.)

disinterested, Disinterested means impartial, or not showing favor. Uninterested means indifferent or having
uninterested no interest.

download Write as one word.

downtime Write as one word.

driver’s license, Write with an apostrophe as shown.

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2007 EDS Style Guide

due to, because of Due to generally is not synonymous with because of. Use it to mean caused by or resulting from.
When in doubt, use because of.
Example: The accident was due to the icy road.
NOT: The car skidded due to the icy road.

In the first example, due to follows a linking verb and attaches to the subject – an accident due to the
icy road. The second example has no word for due to to modify – the car was not due to the icy road.
Example: The defendant was acquitted because of insufficient evidence.
NOT: The defendant was acquitted due to insufficient evidence.

E
E, e An uppercase E (as in EDS) should be used when referring to services and divisions that are propri-
etary to our company (for example, E-Day). The uppercase letter should be followed by a period or a
dash and should not be placed in quotation marks.

The lower case e should be used in more generic situations. When it is used as a modifier (for example,
e-commerce), it should be followed by a dash and not put in quotes. When it is used as a stand-alone
character in place of the word “electronic” (for example, going “e”, brave new “e” world), it should be
placed in quotation marks.

e-commerce Write as shown. (Also see E, e above)

effect, affect See affect, effect.

e.g. Do not use this Latin abbreviation. Instead, write for example and follow with a comma, or write such as.

ellipsis points Use ellipsis points to indicate an omission of one or more words in a sentence. Treat ellipsis points as a
three-letter word, leaving a space before and after. Do not type three periods to create ellipsis points;
consult your software users guide for how to correctly create ellipsis points.
Example: This approach … provides a logical identification of data classes.

To indicate an omission at the end of a sentence, type a period followed by a space, then the ellipsis points.
Example: This approach … provides a logical identification. …

Avoid using ellipsis points in narrative passages to indicate a break in thought; instead, use an en
dash. (See dash.)

e-mail Always hyphenate. This term is acceptable for electronic mail in informal text.

EDS The name Electronic Data Systems Corporation is no longer appropriate and meaningful in describing
our diverse capabilities. Use EDS in all cases, except on legal forms, documents, and contracts.

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2007 EDS Style Guide

EDS’ See possessives (with singular proper names ending in s). Write as shown.

[Link] [Link] is the external Web site for EDS.

EDS address information Example: EDS

H4-1C-85 (this mail stop is only an example)
5400 Legacy Drive
Plano, Texas 75024-3199, USA
1 800 566 9337
Internet mail: info@[Link]
Internet address: [Link]

EDS Board of Directors Write as shown. Reference to the board of directors of EDS should be lowercase.

EDS business card Examples:

Short address with suite number
Paulette Hall Production Manager
Global Communications

5400 Legacy Drive, Suite 400

Plano, Texas 75024-3199
Ph: 972 604 4478
Fax: 972 604 3989
[Link]@[Link]

If the street address is very long and suite will not fit on the address line, suite should then go above
the address.

Long address with suite number

Paulette Hall Production Manager
Global Communications

Suite 400
76653 West Garden of the Gods Avenue
Plano, Texas 75024-3199
Ph: 972 604 4478
Fax: 972 604 3989
[Link]@[Link]

EDS Confidential To protect the company’s intellectual capital and strategic advantage and to safeguard the privacy of
its employees, access to some information must be restricted. Include the following statement on every
document that contains information that should be limited to internal distribution. Place the statement
in an appropriate place, such as on the back cover of a brochure or at the end of a document.

All information in this document is EDS Confidential. This information is

not to be discussed with or disclosed or distributed to any person who is not
an EDS employee or who EDS has not authorized to receive it.

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2007 EDS Style Guide

In addition to including this statement in its entirety, mark the bottom of each page with the following phrase:

EDS CONFIDENTIAL

See the following site for information security designations:

[Link]
[Link]

EDS*LINK® Write as shown, and follow with ® on the first reference. See trademark.

EDSNET® Write as shown, and follow with ® on the first reference. See trademark.

EDS*WEB Write as shown.

E-mail signature The EDS identity and image extend beyond our logo. To ensure consistency in e-mail correspondence,
EDS recommends using the following elements in your e-mail signature.

First Name Last Name, Title (optional)

EDS
Business Phone (include country code)
Business Fax (include country code)
Mail Stop (if applicable)
Address (optional)
City, State ZIP (optional)
Country (optional)
e-mail address
[Link]

EMEA Europe, Middle East, and Africa

end-user, end user Generally, user will suffice. When end user is necessary, hyphenate when used as an adjective, and
write as two words when used as a noun.

ensure, assure, insure See assure, ensure, insure.

entitled, titled Entitled means one’s right or claim to something. Titled means the name of something.
Examples: She is entitled to a refund.
The article is titled “How to Survive.”

etc. Do not use this Latin abbreviation. Instead, write and others or and so forth. However, etc. may be
used in graphics or where space is limited.

euro Write as shown. The euro is the common currency for 12 European Union countries: Austria, Belgium,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain.

European Union Write as shown.

exclamation point Avoid using exclamation points.

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2007 EDS Style Guide

everyday, every day Use everyday as an adjective. Use every day as an adverb.
Examples: For many commuters, traffic jams are an everyday event.
She goes to work every day.

everyone, every one Everyone means all people. Every one means each one.

exclamation point Avoid using exclamation points..

expect, suppose Expect means to look forward to. Suppose means to assume to be true.
Example: I suppose that you should record the episode.
NOT: I expect that you should record the episode.

F
farther, further Use farther to indicate distance. Use further to mean additional or continued.
Examples: How much farther is it to the Sacramento IPC?
The study team needed further information before completing the document.

fax Always lowercase to mean facsimile. You may use fax as a noun, verb, or adjective.

Fax-on-Demand EDS’ term for automated facsimile service that sends commonly used EDS administrative forms by
fax machine.

federal Always lowercase unless it is part of a proper name.

Examples: the federal government a federal law
the Federal Trade Commission

feel Feel is inappropriate to express belief or thought. Use believe or think.

fewer, less, under Use fewer for numbers or for individual items that can be counted. Use less when referring to amount
or quantity. Use under when referring to spatial relationships.
Examples: The auditorium has fewer than 1,500 seats.
Attendance was less than expected.
The box is under the table.
EDS completed the processing cycle in less time and with fewer steps than others bid-
ding for the contract.

fiber-optic, fiber optics Hyphenate (and drop the s) when used as an adjective. Write as two words when used as a noun.

file name Write as two words.

fine-tune, fine-tuned Hyphenate when used as a verb or an adjective.

first-come, first-served Write as shown.

firsthand Write as one word.

flier Use this preferred spelling for a handbill or an aviator.

flip chart Write as two words.

flowchart Write as one word.

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2007 EDS Style Guide

follow-up, follow up Hyphenate when used as a noun or adjective. Write as two words when used as a verb.
Examples: The follow-up will begin in two weeks.
The follow-up study has been completed.
The team will follow up on the study results.

fractions Spell out and hyphenate all numbers less than one.
Examples: one-half two-thirds

For fractional amounts more than one, use numerals and fractions.
Examples: 11⁄2 31⁄4

Do not use full-size numbers divided by a slash mark to create a fraction. Consult your software users
guide on how to correctly create fractions.

framework Write as one word.

front-end, front end Hyphenate when used as an adjective. Write as two words when used as a noun.

FTP File Transfer Protocol

full-time, full time Hyphenate when used as an adjective. Write as two words when used as a noun or adverb.

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2007 EDS Style Guide

Examples: One full-time position is available.

The operators work full time.

function, functionality Do not use functionality; use function.

fund-raiser, fund-raising, Hyphenate when used as a noun or adjective. Write as two words when used as a verb.
fund raising Examples: A fund-raiser was hired.
He planned a fund-raising campaign.
Fund raising is difficult.

further See farther, further.

G
gender-neutral references Use gender-neutral references whenever possible.
Examples:
Gender-specific Gender-neutral
mantime staff time
manpower work force
salesman salesperson
businessman businessperson, executive
man-hours work-hours, labor hours
workmen’s compensation workers’ compensation

Avoid gender references by using plural subjects and plural pronoun antecedents for agreement.
Examples: A manager should discuss the issue with his employees. (gender-specific)
A manager should discuss the issue with his or her employees. (wordy)
Managers should discuss the issue with their employees. (better)

General Motors Spell out on first reference and follow with the initialism in parentheses; thereafter, use GM.
Corporation, GM Example: General Motors Corporation (GM) is among the world’s five largest corporations.

For the correct spelling, capitalization, hyphenation, and so forth of GM organizations, refer to the cur-
rent edition of the Information Handbook, published by GM Public Relations.

GIF Graphics interface format

global industry group (GIG) Write as shown.

Global Share Plan Write as shown.

government Always lowercase unless it is part of a proper name.

Examples: federal government
the government of the United States

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2007 EDS Style Guide

U.S. government
Office of Government Affairs

grade, grader Hyphenate the adjective forms of grade and grader.

Examples: a fourth-grade student a 12th-grade girl

Always hyphenate grader when used with a grade number.

Examples: first-grader second-grader 10th-grader

Greenwich Mean Time See Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). GMT was discontinued by the Royal Greenwich Observatory
(GMT) Greenwich Time in 1925. Use Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) instead.

H
hands-on Always hyphenate this adjective.

headquarters Headquarters is a singular noun. Do not use as a verb.

Example: EDS headquarters is in Plano, Texas.

healthcare Always write as one word.

help desk Write as two words.

high-tech Write as shown.

home page Write as two words.

hotline Write as one word.

HTML Hypertext markup language

HTTP Hypertext transfer protocol

hub Lowercase this generic noun unless used in the proper name of a hub, for example, U.S. Central Region Hub.

hyphen Hyphenate words chiefly to clarify them and to express the idea of a unit. Do not confuse the hyphen
with a dash. (See dash.)

Compound adjectives
Hyphenate a compound of two or more words used as a single modifier before a noun. In general, do not
hyphenate a compound adjective when it follows the word it modifies unless ambiguity could result.
Examples: a team-oriented approach
The woman is quick-witted.
His fame was well deserved.

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Do not hyphenate a compound if the first word is an adverb ending in -ly.

Examples: the newly hired executive a wholly owned subsidiary

Hyphenate compound adjectives that include numbers except when referring to monetary amounts
or percentages.
Examples: 180-day installation five-month operation
100 percent increase 40-hour week
$300 billion budget

Compound numbers
When you must spell out large numbers (at the beginning of a sentence), use a hyphen to connect a
word ending in “y” to another word; this applies to numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine.
Examples: forty-three seventy-six thousand nine hundred fifty-one

(continued)

hyphen (continued) Dangling (suspension) hyphens

When similar compound adjectives modify a noun, use the dangling hyphen followed by a space to
avoid unnecessary repetition.
Examples: three- and four-hour classes
high- and low-resolution output
35- to 40-hour week
NOT: three-hour and four-hour classes
high-resolution and low-resolution output
35-hour to 40-hour week

Dividing words at the end of a line

At line endings, break hyphenated compounds at the hyphen. Otherwise, do not hyphenate.
Examples: court-/martial cost-/effective
NOT: court-mar-/tial cost-effec-/tive

Refer to Webster’s Instant Word Guide for how to correctly hyphenate individual words at line endings.

Prefixes
The following prefixes are treated as part of the word (closed compounds) and do not need hyphens:

ante infra mid pre super anti inter mini pro supra
bi intra multi pseudo trans bio macro non re ultra
co meta over semi un counter micro post sub under
extra
Examples: nonviolent subsystem postdoctoral

Use a hyphen when its omission would produce a word of different meaning or an awkward or confus-
ing combination of letters:

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2007 EDS Style Guide

Examples: re-create semi-incandescent hull-like design

Use a hyphen when a letter is doubled:

Examples: multi-institutional post-text
non-nursing semi-independent

Exceptions include reengineering, which has become accepted without a hyphen, and words that have
their own meaning, such as cooperate.

Hyphenate prefixes preceding proper nouns or acronyms.

Examples: un-American pro-European

Always hyphenate the prefixes ex- (meaning former), self-, and all-.

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2007 EDS Style Guide

Examples: ex-governor self-made all-inclusive

(continued)

hyphen (continued) Whole numbers

Spell out and hyphenate all numbers less than one.

Examples: three-fourths one-half

Express in figures quantities consisting of both whole numbers and fractions. Use hyphens to separate
a fraction from the noun it modifies. (See fractions.)
Examples: Please type all reports on 81⁄2-by-11-inch paper.

The editors and writers attended a 41⁄2-day seminar.

I
i.e. Do not use this Latin abbreviation. Instead, write that is or in other words and follow with a comma.

impact Avoid using as a verb to mean have an effect on. Use affect instead. To impact means to drive or press
closely into something. Use impact only as a noun.

imply, infer Imply means to suggest or say indirectly. Infer means to deduce or conclude. That is, the speaker
implies, the listener infers.
Examples: I did not mean to imply that the project was ineffective.
What did you infer from the speech?

industrywide Write as one word.

in, into Use in to indicate location. Use into to indicate motion.

Examples: The book is in the room.
She walked into the room.

Inc. Abbreviate and capitalize as Inc. when used as part of a corporate name. It usually is not needed, but
when it is used, do not set off with commas.

in-depth Hyphenate.

infoCentre Write as shown. infoCentre is the internal Web site for EDS employees.

information processing See data processing, information processing.

information security See EDS Confidential.

information technology Always lowercase unless part of a proper name. Spell out on first reference and follow with the initialism
(IT) in parentheses; thereafter, use IT. Do not use a slash in the initialism.

in-house Always hyphenate.

initialisms See abbreviations, acronyms, and initialisms.

input Do not use input as a verb. Instead, use enter or type. As a noun, input means something that is put

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2007 EDS Style Guide

in; an amount of something entered. Do not add an s to make plural.

Example: The increased input of information created a heavier workload for employees.
NOT: He input the data.

insure See assure, ensure, insure.

interface Use interface to show a relationship between inanimate objects. Use interact to show a relationship
between humans.
Example: The IBM PC interfaces with the digital map plotters to draw maps of specified areas.
NOT: The employees interface with management.

Internet Always capitalize.

Example: EDS’ Internet address: [Link]

intranet Always lowercase.

interoffice Write as one word.

italics Use italics for titles of magazines, newspapers, books, newsletters, movies, and television shows. (See titles.)

Use italics sparingly in text for emphasis.

Example: Henry thought they would never finish the project.

iterative Repetitious, as in iterative process.

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it is Avoid using this awkward phrase. Rewrite the sentence with a specific noun and active verb. (See
there is, there are.)
NOT: It is clear the two systems are different.
Better: The two systems are clearly different.

it, they Use it instead of they when referring to a singular collective noun, such as a company.

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Example: EDS has grown significantly, and it continues to grow every year.
NOT: EDS has grown significantly, and they continue to grow every year.

its, it’s Its is the possessive, meaning belonging to it or of it. It’s is the contraction, meaning it is or it has.
Examples: The system is known for its reliability.
It’s not the same thing.

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2007 EDS Style Guide

It’s been years since she was here.

J
jpeg Write as shown. A compressed file format for images. Frequently used on the Internet.

judgment Spell as shown, not judgement.

K
kickoff, kick off Write as one word when used as a noun or an adjective. Write as two words when used as a verb.
Examples: The kickoff meeting is scheduled for next Friday.
The chairman will kick off the meeting with an overview of the business plan.

L
lead-time, lead time Hyphenate when used as an adjective. Write as two words when used as a noun.

legal requirements To protect our trademarks and all original materials created by EDS, we are required to include certain
legal notices on materials that we produce. The statements, which are as follows, should appear on all
published materials in an appropriate place, such as on the back cover of a brochure or at the end of
a document.

EDS and the EDS logo are registered trademarks of Electronic Data Systems Corporation.

EDS is an equal opportunity employer and values the diversity of its people.
Copyright © 2006 Electronic Data Systems Corporation. All rights reserved.

The first line must be used whenever the EDS logo appears or when using the letters EDS as a trademark
rather than as our corporate name. The initialism EDS can be used in the copyright line if space considerations
make it impractical to use the full name; it is also legally acceptable to omit the word Copyright, using
only © if space is limited. The phrase All rights reserved ensures greater international rights.

less See fewer, less, under.

leverage Avoid using this confusing verb. Instead, use take advantage of or use.

like, as See as, like.

lighted, lit Use lighted, not lit, as the past-tense form of the verb to light.

line of business (LOB) Write as shown.

local area network (LAN) Write as shown.

log on, logon, log off Use log on to refer to connecting to a network and log off to refer to disconnecting from a network.
Do not use log in, login, log onto, log off of, log off from, logout, sign off, or sign on. An exception is
when other terms are dictated by the interface.

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Examples: You are prompted for your password while logging on.
Reconnect when you log on to the network.
Remember to log off the network.
NOT: Log in before you start Windows.
Remember to log off of the network.

Use logon only as an adjective, as in logon password, not as a noun.

Example: Some networks support this logon feature.
NOT: You are prompted for your password during logon.

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long Do not hyphenate when used as a suffix.

Examples: monthlong yearlong lifelong

long-range Always hyphenate, and use only as an adjective.

Example: The long-range goals have been established.

long run Do not hyphenate, and use only as an adverb.

Example: The business plan will benefit the company in the long run.

long-term, long term Hyphenate when used as an adjective. Write as two words when used as an adverb.
Examples: The long-term goals have been established.
The business plan will benefit the company in the long term.

lowercase Write as one word.

M
mail room Write as two words.

mail stop Write as two words.

mainframe Write as one word.

management Do not use to mean managers; use to mean the process of managing.

marketplace Write as one word.

may, can See can.

media, medium Media is plural. Medium is singular.

Examples: The media are sometimes guilty of bad grammar.
TV is a popular medium for sharing information.

megabits (Mb) Write as shown; when abbreviated, there is no space between the number and the abbreviated form.
Example: 4Mb

megabytes (MB) No space between the number and the abbreviated form.
Example: 4MB

megadeal Write as shown.

metroplex Always lowercase.

Example: the Dallas metroplex

microcomputer, Write both as one word.

minicomputer

migrate Do not use to mean transfer.

MOC Management Organization Corporation

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2007 EDS Style Guide

more than, over Use more than with numbers. Use over when referring to spatial relationships.
Example: The SE leapt over the building in a single bound and broke more than 100 bones in the
ensuing fall.

multi- Do not hyphenate as a prefix unless an awkward double-letter combination results.

Examples: multiorganizational multimedia
multimillion multi-industry

myself Myself and the rest of the “self” words (yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves)
should not take the place of the pronouns I and me, she and her, etc. They are used for two purposes:

•E
 mphasis
Example: I wrote the draft myself.

•R
 efer back to the subject
Example: She solved the problem herself.

N
names of companies On the first reference to a corporate name, spell out and capitalize company or corporation if it is part of
or organizations the official name. Omit in subsequent references.

Use Inc. or Incorporated when part of a company’s proper name. Do not use a comma before Inc. or Ltd. unless
the company uses one. Do not use a comma after Inc. or Ltd. unless the sentence structure requires one.

In most cases, do not punctuate the abbreviated names of agencies, companies, corporations,
and organizations.
Examples: FBI FHA GE CBS FTC
NOT: F.B.I. F.H.A. G.E. C.B.S. F.T.C.

the Net Always capitalize as an abbreviation for Internet. Use Internet in formal writing.

Netherlands Write as the Netherlands or Netherlands as the sentence construction dictates.

Netscape Write as shown and follow with a superscript ™ or ® on the first reference. A corporation that makes a
product called Navigator, which allows users to browse Web sites on the Internet.

non- Do not hyphenate as a prefix unless an awkward double-letter combination results.

Examples: nontechnical nonoperational
nondirective nonengineering
non-nuclear non-negotiable

Hyphenate when combining non- with acronyms or proper names.

Examples: non-U.S. non-EDS non-European

noon Always lowercase; do not write 12 noon.

number, amount See amount, number.

numbers Spell out all numbers one through nine; use figures for numbers 10 and greater. With numbers 1 million
or greater, use a combination of figures and words.
Examples: nine days $1 million
10 books 1,408,178 claims
910 telephone lines 9 million files
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2007 EDS Style Guide

84,450 work-hours $4.6 billion

Spell out numbers that begin a sentence, headline, or bullet, or rewrite the sentence to avoid having
the number appear at the beginning. An exception is calendar years, which may be written in figures
even at the beginning of a sentence.
Examples: One hundred twenty-two days lapsed between meetings.
The last meeting was 122 days ago.
In 1776, the colonists declared their independence from English rule.
1994 was a good year.

Mixing figures and spelled-out numbers in a sentence is entirely acceptable.

Examples: The 14-year-old has saved $500 in two years.
Forty-five percent of the employees preferred to work four 10-hour days each week; 55
percent preferred to work five eight-hour days.

(continued)

numbers (continued) ages

Always use figures. Hyphenate ages expressed as adjectives before a noun or as substitutes for a noun.
Follow the examples below for hyphenation.
Examples: a 5-year-old boy The girl is 3 years old. a 7-year-old

Comma
Use a comma in numbers greater than 999, except in street addresses, model and serial numbers, and
calendar years.
Examples: 1,758 people IBM 3033 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue

Compound adjectives that include numbers

See hyphen.

Compound numbers
See hyphen.

Computer models
For computer model numbers, use the correct title given to the computer equipment by the manufacturer.
Examples: IBM 3033 processor IBM 370/148

Add an s without an apostrophe to indicate plurals of computer model numbers.

Example: IBM 3033s
NOT: IBM 3033’s

Currency
Use figures for all monetary amounts. Do not add .00 on whole dollar amounts. Spell out cents for
amounts less than a dollar.
Examples: $15,398 $5
$431.95 $6.31

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2007 EDS Style Guide

8 cents

Spell out million or billion if they appear in running text.

Example: $2.56 billion

If using millions or billions in dollars in a graphic, you may use abbreviation of M or B.
Example: $2.56B $3.12M
In differentiating U.S. currency, use the following format: US$2 billion (no space between US, dollar symbol,
and number).
See the currency standard on the Web Standards site for information on displaying currency on the Web.

Decimals
Always use figures for decimal amounts. For amounts less than one, use a zero before the decimal.
Examples: 22.5 feet 77.3 percent 0.6 liters 25.3 million

(continued)

numbers (continued) Align numbers in a column by the decimals.

Example: 1,234.5
44.01
0.6
0.5
Fractions
For amounts greater than one, use figures to express fractions. Do not use full-size numbers separated
by a slash to create fractions. Consult your software users guide for how to correctly create fractions.
Examples: 241⁄2 feet 752⁄3 yards 91⁄2-year-old

Spell out and hyphenate all numbers less than one. (See hyphen.)
Examples: one-half two-thirds

Measurement
Use figures to express heights and dimensions. Hyphenate all adjectival forms before nouns.
Examples: She is 5 feet 5 inches tall.
The 6-foot-6-inch man walked briskly.
The farm measures 4 miles by 8 miles.
BUT: She ran a four-mile course.
He needed seven yards of rope.

Spell out the words inches, feet, yards, meters, and other units of measurement. Use abbreviations or
symbols only in graphics where space is limited.

Page references
Use figures for page number references, and lowercase page.
Examples: page 27 graph on page 4

Percentages
Always use figures and spell out percent. Use the symbol % without space between % sign and
numeral only in graphics where space is limited.

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2007 EDS Style Guide

Examples: 100 percent 5 percent 73.5 percent

For amounts less than 1 percent, precede the decimal with a zero.
Example: The volume decreased by 0.6 percent.

Plural
Add an s without an apostrophe to form the plurals of figures. (See apostrophe.)
Examples: 1040s 1099s 1980s
’80s (decade) 80s (temperature Fahrenheit)

Range
When expressing a range of numbers (not percentages), state the entire comparative term each time
for clarity. Do not separate with a dash or hyphen.
Examples: $7 billion to $10 billion 60 million to 75 million people
NOT: $7 to $10 billion 60-75 million people

(continued)

numbers (continued) Roman numerals

Use Roman numerals only when the name of a particular item requires it. When a Roman numeral is
part of a name, capitalize the first letter of the words that make up the name.
Examples: Phase I Stage III Section V

Rounding

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2007 EDS Style Guide

When rounding numbers 1 million or greater, use a combination of figures and words.
Examples: $1.5 million 17.3 million tickets 1,459,000 people

Generally, use no more than two decimal places for rounding a number.
Example: 7.51 million claims

Indicate rounded numbers by words such as approximately or about. Do not use around as a synonym
for these words.

Telephone numbers
See telephone numbers.

Titles
Use figures to express numbers in titles only if the figure is part of the proper name.
Examples: Volume I Section 3 Chapter 5
The GM Four-Phase Development Process

O
offline Write as one word.

off of, outside of Omit of.

Examples: He fell off the chair.
The committee included EDS employees and people from outside EDS.

off-site, on-site Always hyphenate.

OK Do not use okay.

on Do not use on to mean about or concerning.

Example: She gave a presentation about performance appraisals.
NOT: She gave a presentation on performance appraisals.

on board Adjective use of adverb phrase.

Example: There were several executives on board.

onboard Onboard is an adjective.

Example: The ship has many onboard services.

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2007 EDS Style Guide

Onboarding is an HR term that refers to bringing on new employees. Do Not use this term to refer to
system conversion, system implementation, system rollout or system deployment.

ongoing Write as one word.

online Write as one word.

Open Door Policy Write as shown.

ORGID Write as shown.

output Output is a noun. Do not use as a verb. Do not add s to make plural.
Example: The output is measured after each shift.
NOT: This system outputs data twice as fast as the other system.

over, more than See more than, over.

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2007 EDS Style Guide

P
pan- Do not hyphenate as a prefix when combined with a common noun. Capitalize and hyphenate with a
proper noun.
Examples: panchromatic Pan-American Pan-European

parentheses Generally, use parentheses only when introducing acronyms or initialisms. Otherwise, use commas or
dashes. (See comma and dash.)
Examples: This document presents the results of the Defense Medical Systems Support Center’s
(DMSSC’s) analysis.
This division is implementing a quality improvement process (QIP).

part-time, part time Hyphenate when used as an adjective. Write as two words when used as a noun or adverb.

per Use per to mean for each when the context is statistical or economic.
Example: The meals range from $10 to $20 per person.
NOT: Please make the changes as per my instructions.

percent Always use figures to express percentages and spell out percent. Use the symbol % only in graphics
where space is limited. (See numbers.)

PerformanceShare Write as shown. No space between the two words.

period End all complete statements or commands with a period. Generally, however, do not use end punctua-
tion in headlines, even if they are complete sentences. Place periods inside closing quotation marks.
Use only one space after a period. (See word spacing.)

persons Use people.

persuade, convince See convince, persuade.

policyholder Write as one word.

possessives Rules for forming possessives vary. The following guidelines, taken from The Associated Press Style-
book and Briefing on Media Law, are fairly comprehensive and practical.

With singular nouns not ending in s

For consistency, always use an apostrophe and s with words ending in x, z, or ce.
Examples: fox’s Butz’s prince’s Xerox’s

With singular common nouns ending in s

Use an apostrophe and s unless the next word begins with s.
Examples: the business’s employees the business’ stock
the witness’s answer the witness’ story

With singular proper names ending in s

Use only an apostrophe.
Examples: Achilles’ heel Dickens’ novel
Kansas’ schools EDS’ capabilities

(continued)

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2007 EDS Style Guide

possessives (continued) With joint possession, individual possession

Use the possessive form after only the last word if ownership is joint.
Example: Fred and Sylvia’s apartment

Use the possessive form after both words if objects are individually owned.
Example: Fred’s and Sylvia’s cars
With quasi-possessives
Generally, use the possessive form if you can substitute of in the longer form. Use the plural, not pos-
sessive, form if you can substitute for or by in the longer form.

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2007 EDS Style Guide

Examples: two weeks’ vacation (two weeks of vacation)

users guide (a guide for users)
a Teamsters request (a request by Teamsters)

post- and pre- Do not hyphenate as a prefix unless an awkward double-letter combination results or the word that
follows is a proper noun.
Examples: post-tax pre-election
post-World War II pre-Christmas
postwar prearrange

premier This adjective means first in status or importance.

Example: EDS is the premier provider of information technology services.

premiere This noun means a first appearance.

Example: She went to the play’s premiere.

presently, currently See currently, presently.

principal, principle Principal is both a noun and an adjective. As a noun, it means the chief official of a school, a person in
authority in a business, a person chiefly liable in a legal proceeding, or a sum of money drawing inter-
est. As an adjective, it means chief, primary, or most fundamental. Principle is a noun only. It means a
fundamental truth, belief, or law.
Examples: She was the high school principal for many years.
The principal reason is this.
He is a man of principle.

printout, print out Write as one word when used as a noun. Write as two words when used as a verb.

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2007 EDS Style Guide

prior, prior to Use before or previous.

problem-solving, Hyphenate when used as an adjective. Write as two words when used as a noun.
problem solving

program, programme Check with the program/programme owner to see official spelling if used in a proper name. In generic
uses, use program unless you need to use the British spelling, programme.

proved, proven Use proved only as a verb. Use proven only as an adjective.
Examples: The new approach has proved to be effective.
A proven method is a safe method.

provide Avoid overusing provide. It is vague and often can be substituted with a more precise or active verb.
Consider these synonyms: give, supply, contribute, offer, furnish, accommodate, equip, afford, yield,
produce, issue.
Examples: The system gives customers new capabilities.
The system controls correspondence.
NOT: The system provides customers with new capabilities.
The system provides control of correspondence.

Q
quotation marks Use quotation marks around titles of articles, poems, and songs. Enclose in quotation marks only the exact
words of a speaker or writer. For quotes that are nine lines or fewer, use quotation marks. For quotations
that are 10 lines or longer, indent from both right and left margins and do not use quotation marks.

Always place periods and commas inside closing quotation marks. When two punctuation marks
belong in the same spot – for example, a comma and a question mark – use only the stronger one.
Example: “Don’t you mind?” she asked.

Place a question mark, exclamation point, dash, colon, or semicolon inside the quotation marks only
when it is part of the quotation. Otherwise, place these marks outside the closing quotation marks.
Examples: The team leader asked, “Can we complete the project by tomorrow?”
What do you learn about quality when a customer says, “I know it when I see it”?
He left after saying, “See you tomorrow”; I stayed for another hour.
The teacher called out, “Listen to me!”
She said, “Do your homework” – then collapsed.

If a quotation is dependent on the rest of the sentence, no introductory comma or capital letter is necessary.
Examples: Franklin admonishes us to “plough deep.”
He reminded his readers that “there is nothing to fear but fear itself.”

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2007 EDS Style Guide

Do not enclose in quotation marks simple one-word restatements in narrative text:

Examples: I said yes.
The answer was no.
She said hi to me.

R
ratios Use figures and hyphens. If using of, also spell out to.
Examples: The ratio was 2-to-1. a 2-1 ratio a ratio of 2-to-1

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2007 EDS Style Guide

re- Rules of prefixes apply. In general, no hyphen unless an awkward double-letter combination would result.
Examples: reinvent rearrange re-enact
Exception: reengineer (no hyphen)

real-time, real time Hyphenate when used as an adjective. Write as two words when used as a noun.
Examples: The real-time data was recovered.
The system analyzed the data in real time.

recordkeeping Write as one word.

redundant phrases Avoid redundant phrases. The following lists frequently used redundant phrases and suggested revisions.

Redundant Revised
advance planning planning
ask the question ask
assembled together assembled
at this point in time now
background experience experience
completely eliminate eliminate
component part component
consensus of opinion consensus
continue on continue
cooperate together cooperate
each and every “each,” “every,” or “all”
end result result
estimated at about estimated at
few in number few
final end end
in close proximity to near
in order to to
reason why why
refer back refer
revert back revert
root cause cause
true facts facts
viable alternative alternative
widely diverse diverse

reengineer Write as shown. This word is an exception to the rule of prefixes.

R.S.V.P. Write as shown.

road map Write as shown.

rollout, roll out Write as one word when used as a noun or adjective. Write as two words when used as a verb.

run-time, run time Hyphenate when used as an adjective. Write as two words when used as a noun.

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2007 EDS Style Guide

S
scalable Spell as shown, not scaleable.

section, subsection See volume, section, subsection.

self- Always hyphenate this prefix.

Examples: self-evaluation self-confident

semi- Do not hyphenate this prefix unless an awkward double-letter combination would result. See bi-, semi-.

semicolon Use a semicolon between independent clauses of a compound sentence when the conjunction is omitted.
Example: The evidence is clear; it cannot be denied.
You cannot use a comma in the above example because you do not have a conjunction joining the two
independent clauses.
Use semicolons to separate elements of a series when the elements contain commas.
Examples: This department handles all communications, adjustments, and inquiries; responds to
system maintenance requests; and updates job files.

serve, service These words are not interchangeable. People are served, individually or in groups. Inanimate objects –
systems that are maintained, inspected, supplied, or repaired – are serviced.
Example: He served the customer.
NOT: He serviced the customer.

service management Lowercase this generic noun unless used in the SMC’s proper name.
center (SMC)

setup, set up Write as one word when used as a noun or an adjective. Write as two words when used as a verb.
Examples: The setup took three hours.
We anticipate setup time to be two days.
The study team set up 20 interviews.

shareholder Write as one word.

shutdown, shut down Write as one word when used as a noun or adjective. Write as two words when used as a verb.

sign-on, sign on; Hyphenate when used as a noun or adjective. Write as two words when used as a verb.
sign-off, sign off

since, because These words are not synonyms. Since is related to time references. Because provides a reason or condition.
Examples: Production has increased 50 percent since the new system was installed three months ago.
Production has increased 50 percent because we are using a new system.

slash (/) Avoid using a slash as a substitute for and or or. Use a slash only in certain cases. Do not add spaces
before or after a slash.
Examples: I/O devices APV/GM300
client/server

smart card Write as shown.

Social Security number Write as shown.

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2007 EDS Style Guide

solution centres Lowercase this generic noun.

spreadsheet Write as one word.

stakeholder Write as one word.

stand-alone Always hyphenate this adjective.

start, start-up Do not use start up as a verb – use start. Hyphenate start-up when used as an adjective or noun.
Examples: The team will start the system tomorrow.
The start-up software is expensive.
System start-up is scheduled for tomorrow.

state names Lowercase state when used with a state name.

Examples: the state of Texas Washington state

states Spell out the names of states, territories, and possessions of the United States when they stand alone in text.
Example: In Tennessee …

When using city-state constructions, use the abbreviations listed in the following list. All city-state
constructions must be followed by a comma.
Example: Tempe, Ariz., has a dry climate.

Use the two-letter U.S. Postal Service abbreviations only with addresses and ZIP codes, never in text.

State Abbreviation Postal Abbr.

Alabama Ala. AL
Alaska do not abbreviate AK
Arizona Ariz. AZ
Arkansas Ark. AR
California Calif. CA
Colorado Colo. CO
Connecticut Conn. CT
Delaware Del. DE
District of Columbia D.C. DC
Florida Fla. FL
Georgia Ga. GA
Hawaii do not abbreviate HI
Idaho do not abbreviate ID
Illinois Ill. IL
Indiana Ind. IN
Iowa do not abbreviate IA
Kansas Kan. KS
Kentucky Ky. KY
Louisiana La. LA
Maine do not abbreviate ME

(continued)

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2007 EDS Style Guide

states (continued) State Abbreviation Postal Abbr.

Maryland Md. MD
Massachusetts Mass. MA
Michigan Mich. MI
Minnesota Minn. MN
Mississippi Miss. MS
Missouri Mo. MO
Montana Mont. MT
Nebraska Neb. NE
Nevada Nev. NV
New Hampshire N.H. NH
New Jersey N.J. NJ
New Mexico N.M. NM
New York N.Y. NY
North Carolina N.C. NC
North Dakota N.D. ND
Ohio do not abbreviate OH
Oklahoma Okla. OK
Oregon Ore. OR
Pennsylvania Pa. PA
Rhode Island R.I. RI
South Carolina S.C. SC
South Dakota S.D. SD
Tennessee Tenn. TN
Texas do not abbreviate TX
Utah do not abbreviate UT
Vermont Vt. VT
Virginia Va. VA
Washington Wash. WA
West Virginia [Link]. WV
Wisconsin Wis. WI
Wyoming Wyo. WY

sub- Do not hyphenate this prefix unless an awkward double-letter combination would result.
Examples: subzero subtotal subsystem sub-bullet

subject-matter expert Always hyphenate.

supply chain Write as two words; no hyphen as noun or adjective.

systems engineer (SE) Write as shown, not system engineer. Capitalize only when title appears before a person’s name.

Systems Engineering Even though this program no longer exists, you will see the program name mentioned, for example,
Development Program in executive biographies. Write as shown, not Systems Engineer Development Program. This is a
proper course name – capitalize all words.

systems integration Write as shown, not system integration.

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2007 EDS Style Guide

T
TCP/IP Write as shown. The Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol system makes up a standard
guideline for network hardware and software design. Will often see this as IP.

telecommunications Write as shown, not telecommunication.

telephone, phone Do not use telephone as a verb; use call instead. Avoid using the Americanism phone.

telephone numbers Styles for telephone numbers vary from country to country, and no universal standards apply. To reduce
confusion and provide consistency, telephone numbers should have no hyphens or parentheses. Use
the spacing format of the home country. The 8-line prefix should be in brackets. The telephone number
contains these elements, in this order: country code, area/city code, phone number of the person you
want to call, 8-line prefix in brackets (if applicable).
Example: 1 972 604 6000 [8 834]
39 02 2570017

that, which Use that to introduce information that is essential to the meaning of the sentence. Use which to
introduce information not essential to the meaning of the sentence. (See comma.)
Examples: We will use the method that is most efficient.
The CAMS project, which was first introduced as a diagnostic tool, has reduced
automobile repair claims by 27 percent.

there is, there are Avoid using these awkward phrases. Rewrite the sentence with a specific noun and active verb. (See it is.)
Example: Our team comprises eight SEs.
NOT: There are eight SEs on our team.

third-party, third party Hyphenate when used as an adjective. Write as two words when used as a noun.

time See a.m., p.m., daylight-saving time, time zones. For more information regarding global time keeping,
see [Link].

time frame Write as two words.

time line Write as two words.

time sheet Write as two words.

timetable Write as one word.

time to market Write as three words; do not hyphenate when used as a noun or adjective.

time zones Capitalize spelled-out time zones.

Examples: Central Standard Time (CST)

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2007 EDS Style Guide

Eastern Standard Time (EST)

Mountain Standard Time (MST)
British Summer Time (BST)

Capitalize only the region in shortened forms.

Examples: Central time zone Eastern time Mountain time zone

titled, entitled See entitled, titled.

titles Use italics for the titles of magazines, newspapers, newsletters, books, movies, and television shows.
When referencing in abbreviated form, include The in italics – for example, The Times, The Journal.
Examples: Fortune magazine Reengineering the Corporation
The New York Times Gone With the Wind

Place titles of articles, poems, and songs within quotation marks.

Examples: “Serving Up Desktop Computing”
“The Raven”
“Moon River”

toll-free Write as shown.

toolkit Write as one word.

touch-tone Write as shown. Refers to a push-button telephone dialing system producing tones that correspond to
the numbers dialed.

toward Write as shown, not towards.

trade show Write as two words.

trademark A trademark is a name, a symbol (such as one or more letters or numbers or a design), a word or several
words, or any combination of these used to identify a product or line of products. Using a trademark
to identify and distinguish a company’s products creates trademark rights in the United States. In
general, use ™ to denote a trademark, ® to indicate a registered mark, and SM to indicate a service mark.
These marks are needed only on the first mention of the product name in text, but not in headlines.
Examples: INFOplus™ Unigraphics®

TravelCall® Write as shown, and follow with a superscript ® on the first reference. (See trademark.)

traveled, traveler, traveling Write as shown.

travelers checks Write as shown.

the Triad Write as shown. This geographic description refers to the Americas; Asia Pacific; and Europe, the
Middle East, and Africa.

turnaround, turn around Write as one word when used as a noun or adjective. Write as two words when used as a verb.

turnkey Write as one word.

TV Write this initialism for television as shown.

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2007 EDS Style Guide

U
under See fewer, less, under.

under way Write as two words. Write as one word only when used in a nautical context.

Unigraphics® Write as shown, and follow with a superscript ® on the first reference. See trademark.

uninterested, disinterested See disinterested, uninterested.

unique Unique means sole, unparalleled, one of a kind. It does not admit a comparison. Unique cannot be
used with more, most, very, or any other qualifier.

United Kingdom, U.K.; Use United Kingdom and United States as nouns; use U.K. and U.S. as adjectives with periods in U.S.
United States, U.S. publications. Use UK without periods only in global publications.
Examples: EDS serves customers throughout the United Kingdom.
The company’s U.S. customer base is extensive.

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2007 EDS Style Guide

NOT: EDS serves customers throughout the U.S.

units of measure Definitions and abbreviations for frequently used computer terms, prefixes, and units are listed below.
These abbreviations are standard as used in the industry; do not use a space between figure and
abbreviation.

binary
The binary system of numbers, which employs only the digits 1 and 0, is the basis for all modern
digital computers.
bit (b)
A binary digit; hence, a unit of computer information equivalent to the result of a choice between 0 and 1.
Examples: 1b 5 bits

byte (B)
A sequence of binary digits (8 bits) less than an entire word, processed by the computer as one item.
Examples: 1B 2 bytes

giga (G)
Equals 1 billion.
Example: 3Gb

kilo (K)
Equals 1,024 or 210.
Example: 2KB

kilo (k)
Equals 1,000.
Example: 1kg

mega (M)
Equals 1 million.

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2007 EDS Style Guide

Examples: 5MHz 5Mb

UNIX® Write in all uppercase letters, and follow with a superscript ® on the first reference. See trademark.

up-to-date Use current.

upload, uptime Write as one word.

uppercase Write as one word.

up-sell Write as shown.

U.S. Benefits Handbook Write as shown.

user-friendly, user friendly Hyphenate when used as an adjective before a noun. Write as two words when used as a predicate adjective.
Examples: The group needs a user-friendly computer.
The computer is user friendly.

user ID Write as shown.

users group, Use the plural users as an adjective, not a possessive; do not use an apostrophe.
users manual

utilize, utilization Use use or usage.

V
value-add, value-added Write as shown.

versus, vs. Spell out in documents. Use vs. in graphics and charts where space is limited.

videocassette, videotape Write as one word.

video-game terminals Write as shown.

videoconference Write as one word.

video on demand, Write video on demand as a noun. Write video-on-demand as an adjective.

video-on-demand

virtual Virtual means something that has the effect but not the form. It is gaining widespread use with
terms such as virtual collateral, virtual reality, and virtual corporation. Do not use virtual to mean
actual or nearly.
Example: When the president resigned, the vice president became the virtual head of the company.
NOT: The project is virtually completed.

Visa®, visa Capitalize Visa® and follow with a superscript ® on the first reference when referring to the credit
card. Lowercase when referring to the travel document.

voice Refers to EDS’ voice when used in a discussion of the EDS brand and identity and the importance of
communicating as a unified company with one voice.

voice mail Write as two words.

volume, section, Volume refers to a collection of written or printed sheets bound together or to one book of a complete set.
subsection Section refers to a subdivision of a written work or to the largest textual unit within a volume.
Subsection refers to sublevels within a section. Capitalize the names of all volumes, sections, and

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2007 EDS Style Guide

subsections.

W
walkthrough, walk through Write as one word when used as a noun. Write as two words when used as a verb.

Web Always capitalize. For general technological uses, this word acts as an adjective and stands alone when
used with the word it modifies. See World Wide Web (WWW).
Examples: Web site Web page Web address Web designers
Exceptions: Webmaster

webcast Write as shown.

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2007 EDS Style Guide

well-being Always hyphenate.

which, that See that, which.

while While means during the time that. Do not use while to mean although, and, or but.
Example: While working on this proposal, the team did not take time to eat lunch.
NOT: While Marsha enjoyed working by herself, she preferred working with a team.

-wide Do not hyphenate when adding -wide to a noun.

Examples: enterprisewide industrywide

wide area network (WAN) Lowercase and do not hyphenate when spelling out.

word spacing Use only one space after sentences and colons. Typing two spaces is appropriate only with typewrit-
ers; it looks unprofessional in computer-generated text.

workbook Write as one word.

workday, workweek Write as one word.

workers’ compensation Write as shown.

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2007 EDS Style Guide

workflow Write as one word.

work force Write as two words.

work group Write as two words.

workload Write as one word.

workplace Write as one word.

worksheet Write as one word.

workshop Write as one word.

work space Write as two words.

workstation Write as one word.

world-class Always hyphenate.

worldwide Write as one word.

World Wide Web (WWW) Always capitalize and write as three words. (Also see Web.)

wrap-up, wrap up Hyphenate when used as an adjective. Write as two words when used as a verb.

X, Y, Z
Xerox® Write as shown. Follow with a superscript ® on the first reference. Do not use as a verb. Use photocopy
for generic references.

year-end Always hyphenate.

years, decades, centuries Use figures to designate specific years, decades, and centuries. (See dates and numbers.)
Examples: 1990 the 1800s the 21st century

ZIP code Write as shown. ZIP is an acronym for Zoning Improvement Plan.

References
For spelling and usage The American Heritage Dictionary, Fourth Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000.

The Associated Press Stylebook and Briefing on Media Law, Fully Updated Edition. Norm Goldstein,
editor. New York: Associated Press, Inc., 2000.

Webster’s New World Dictionary, Fourth College Edition. New York: Wiley, John & Sons, Inc., 1999.

The Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition, Oxford University Press, 1989.

For writing style Strunk, William, Jr. and E.B. White. The Elements of Style, Third Edition. New York: Macmillan
Publishing Co., Inc., 1979.

Cappon, Rene J. The Word, Second Edition. New York: The Associated Press, 1991.

Line by Line. Claire Kehrwald Cook, editor. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1985.

For bibliographies, The Chicago Manual of Style: 15th Edition, Revised and Expanded. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003
footnotes, and technical

< 56 >
 Contact us About EDS
Corporate Headquarters EDS (NYSE: EDS) is a leading global technology services company delivering business
United States solutions to its clients. EDS founded the information technology outsourcing industry
5400 Legacy Drive
45 years ago. Today, EDS delivers a broad portfolio of information technology and
Plano, Texas 75024
USA business process outsourcing services to clients in the manufacturing, financial services,
1 800 566 9337 healthcare, communications, energy, transportation, and consumer and retail industries
and to governments around the world. Learn more at [Link].
Regional Headquarters
Asia
36F, Shanghai Information Tower
211 Century Avenue
Pudong, Shanghai
China 200120
86 21 2891 2888

Australia & New Zealand

Level 1, The Bond
30 Hickson Road
Millers Point
New South Wales 2000
Australia
612 8965 0500
­
Canada
33 Yonge Street
Toronto, Ontario
M5E 1G4
Canada
1 416 814 4500
1 800 814 9038
(in Canada only)

Europe, Middle East & Africa

2nd Floor
Lansdowne House
Berkeley Square
London  W1J 6ER
44 20 7569 5100

Latin America
Avenida Presidente Juscelino
Kubitschek, 1830
5th Floor – Tower 4
04543-900
São Paulo
Brazil
55 11 3707 4100

EDS and the EDS logo are registered

trademarks of Electronic Data Systems
Corporation. All other brand or product
names are trademarks or registered marks
of their respective owners. EDS is an equal
opportunity employer and values the
diversity of its people. Copyright © 2007
Electronic Data Systems Corporation. All
rights reserved. 05/2007 7GCPH034